@article{FosterHeindelRichozetal.2019,
author = {Foster, William J. and Heindel, Katrin and Richoz, Sylvain and Gliwa, Jana and Lehrmann, Daniel J. and Baud, Aymon and Kolar-Jurkovsek, Tea and Aljinovic, Dunja and Jurkovsek, Bogdan and Korn, Dieter and Martindale, Rowan C. and Peckmann, J{\"o}rn},
title = {Suppressed competitive exclusion enabled the proliferation of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites},
series = {The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists},
volume = {6},
journal = {The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists},
number = {1},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {2055-4877},
doi = {10.1002/dep2.97},
pages = {62 -- 74},
year = {2019},
abstract = {During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. Here, the distribution and faunal composition of Griesbachian microbialites from China, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Slovenia and Hungary are investigated to determine the factors that allowed microbialite-forming microbial mats to flourish following the end-Permian crisis. The results presented here show that Neotethyan microbial buildups record a unique faunal association due to the presence of keratose sponges, while the Palaeotethyan buildups have a higher proportion of molluscs and the foraminifera Earlandia. The distribution of the faunal components within the microbial fabrics suggests that, except for the keratose sponges and some microconchids, most of the metazoans were transported into the microbial framework via wave currents. The presence of both microbialites and metazoan associations were limited to oxygenated settings, suggesting that a factor other than anoxia resulted in a relaxation of ecological constraints following the mass extinction event. It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{ManzoniCapekPoradaetal.2018,
author = {Manzoni, Stefano and Capek, Petr and Porada, Philipp and Thurner, Martin and Winterdahl, Mattias and Beer, Christian and Bruchert, Volker and Frouz, Jan and Herrmann, Anke M. and Lindahl, Bjorn D. and Lyon, Steve W. and Šantrůčkov{\´a}, Hana and Vico, Giulia and Way, Danielle},
title = {Reviews and syntheses},
series = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {15},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
number = {19},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1726-4170},
doi = {10.5194/bg-15-5929-2018},
pages = {5929 -- 5949},
year = {2018},
abstract = {The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) - the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization - from uni-cellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BielcikAguilarTriguerosLakovicetal.2019,
author = {Bielcik, Milos and Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A. and Lakovic, Milica and Jeltsch, Florian and Rillig, Matthias C.},
title = {The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly},
series = {Movement Ecology},
volume = {7},
journal = {Movement Ecology},
number = {1},
publisher = {BMC},
address = {London},
issn = {2051-3933},
doi = {10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6},
pages = {12},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MarciszJasseyKosakyanetal.2020,
author = {Marcisz, Katarzyna and Jassey, Vincent E. J. and Kosakyan, Anush and Krashevska, Valentyna and Lahr, Daniel J. G. and Lara, Enrique and Lamentowicz, Lukasz and Lamentowicz, Mariusz and Macumber, Andrew and Mazei, Yuri and Mitchell, Edward A. D. and Nasser, Nawaf A. and Patterson, R. Timothy and Roe, Helen M. and Singer, David and Tsyganov, Andrey N. and Fournier, Bertrand},
title = {Testate amoeba functional traits and their use in paleoecology},
series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
volume = {8},
journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-701X},
doi = {10.3389/fevo.2020.575966},
pages = {28},
year = {2020},
abstract = {This review provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the morphological and functional traits of testate amoebae, a polyphyletic group of protists commonly used as proxies of past hydrological changes in paleoecological investigations from peatland, lake sediment and soil archives. A trait-based approach to understanding testate amoebae ecology and paleoecology has gained in popularity in recent years, with research showing that morphological characteristics provide complementary information to the commonly used environmental inferences based on testate amoeba (morpho-)species data. We provide a broad overview of testate amoeba morphological and functional traits and trait-environment relationships in the context of ecology, evolution, genetics, biogeography, and paleoecology. As examples we report upon previous ecological and paleoecological studies that used trait-based approaches, and describe key testate amoebae traits that can be used to improve the interpretation of environmental studies. We also highlight knowledge gaps and speculate on potential future directions for the application of trait-based approaches in testate amoeba research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZollDiehlSiebert2019,
author = {Zoll, Felix and Diehl, Katharina and Siebert, Rosemarie},
title = {Integrating sustainability goals in innovation processes},
series = {Sustainability},
volume = {11},
journal = {Sustainability},
number = {14},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2071-1050},
doi = {10.3390/su11143761},
pages = {15},
year = {2019},
abstract = {The innovative dual-purpose chicken approach aims at contributing to the transition towards sustainable poultry production by avoiding the culling of male chickens. To successfully integrate sustainability aspects into innovation, goal congruency among actors and clearly communicating the added value within the actor network and to consumers is needed. The challenge of identifying common sustainability goals calls for decision support tools. The objectives of our research were to investigate whether the tool could assist in improving communication and marketing with respect to sustainability and optimizing the value chain organization. Three actor groups participated in the tool application, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results showed that there were manifold sustainability goals within the innovation network, but only some goals overlapped, and the perception of their implementation also diverged. While easily marketable goals such as 'animal welfare' were perceived as being largely implemented, economic goals were prioritized less often, and the implementation was perceived as being rather low. By visualizing congruencies and differences in the goals, the tool helped identify fields of action, such as improved information flows and prompted thinking processes. We conclude that the tool is useful for managing complex decision processes with several actors involved.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HudsonHagedoornBubeck2020,
author = {Hudson, Paul and Hagedoorn, Liselotte and Bubeck, Philip},
title = {Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy},
series = {International journal of disaster risk science},
volume = {11},
journal = {International journal of disaster risk science},
number = {3},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {2095-0055},
doi = {10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w},
pages = {251 -- 262},
year = {2020},
abstract = {A growing focus is being placed on both individuals and communities to adapt to flooding as part of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Adaptation to flooding requires sufficient social capital (linkages between members of society), risk perceptions (understanding of risk), and self-efficacy (self-perceived ability to limit disaster impacts) to be effective. However, there is limited understanding of how social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy interact. We seek to explore how social capital interacts with variables known to increase the likelihood of successful adaptation. To study these linkages we analyze survey data of 1010 respondents across two communities in Thua Tien-Hue Province in central Vietnam, using ordered probit models. We find positive correlations between social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy overall. This is a partly contrary finding to what was found in previous studies linking these concepts in Europe, which may be a result from the difference in risk context. The absence of an overall negative exchange between these factors has positive implications for proactive flood risk adaptation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{CavaelDiehlLentzsch2020,
author = {Cavael, Ulrike and Diehl, Katharina and Lentzsch, Peter},
title = {Assessment of growth suppression in apple production with replant soils},
series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
volume = {109},
journal = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1470-160X},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105846},
pages = {9},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Apple replant disease (ARD) is a specific apple-related form of soil fertility loss due to unidentified causes and is also known as soil fatigue. The effect typically appears in monoculture production sites and leads to production decreases of up to 50\%, even though the cultivation practice remains the same. However, an indication of replant disease is challenged by the lack of specification of the particular microbial group responsible for ARD. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for estimating growth suppression in orchards irrespective of the unknowns in the complex causal relationship by assessing plant-soil interaction in the orchard several years after planting. Based on a comparison between no-replant and replant soils, the Alternaria group (Ag) was identified as a soil-fungal population responding to replant with abundance. The trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) was found to be a practical and robust parameter representing below-ground and above-ground tree performance. Suppression of tree vigour was therefore calculated by dividing the two inversely related parameters, Q = ln(Ag)/CSA, as a function of soil-fungal proportions and plant responses at the single-tree level. On this basis, five clusters of tree vigour suppression (Q) were defined: (1) no tree vigour suppression/vital (0\%), (2) escalating (- 38\%), (3) strong (- 53\%), (4) very strong (- 62\%), and (5) critical (- 74\%). By calculating Q at the level of the single tree, trees were clustered according to tree vigour suppression. The weighted frequency of clusters in the field allowed replant impact to be quantified at field level. Applied to a case study on sandy brown, dry diluvial soils in Brandenburg, Germany, the calculated tree vigour suppression was 46\% compared to the potential tree vigour on no-replant soil in the same field. It is highly likely that the calculated growth suppression corresponds to ARD-impact This result is relevant for identifying functional changes in soil and for monitoring the economic effects of soil fatigue in apple orchards, particularly where long-period crop rotation or plot exchange are improbable.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ToetzkeCermakNadezhdinaetal.2017,
author = {T{\"o}tzke, Christian and Cermak, Jan and Nadezhdina, Nadezhda and Tributsch, Helmut},
title = {Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata},
series = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry},
volume = {10},
journal = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry},
number = {2},
publisher = {SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology},
address = {Potenza},
issn = {1971-7458},
doi = {10.3832/ifor1681-010},
pages = {355 -- 361},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HodgkinsRichardsonDommainetal.2018,
author = {Hodgkins, Suzanne B. and Richardson, Curtis J. and Dommain, Rene and Wang, Hongjun and Glaser, Paul H. and Verbeke, Brittany and Winkler, B. Rose and Cobb, Alexander R. and Rich, Virginia I. and Missilmani, Malak and Flanagan, Neal and Ho, Mengchi and Hoyt, Alison M. and Harvey, Charles F. and Vining, S. Rose and Hough, Moira A. and Moore, Tim R. and Richard, Pierre J. H. and De la Cruz, Florentino B. and Toufaily, Joumana and Hamdan, Rasha and Cooper, William T. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.},
title = {Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance},
series = {Nature Communications},
volume = {9},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
address = {London},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2},
pages = {13},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GrafMorenodelasHerasRuizetal.2018,
author = {Graf, Lukas and Moreno-de-las-Heras, Mariano and Ruiz, Maurici and Calsamiglia, Aleix and Garc{\´i}a-Comendador, Juli{\´a}n and Fortesa, Josep and L{\´o}pez-Taraz{\´o}n, Jos{\´e} A. and Estrany, Joan},
title = {Accuracy assessment of digital terrain model dataset sources for hydrogeomorphological modelling in small mediterranean catchments},
series = {Remote sensing},
volume = {10},
journal = {Remote sensing},
number = {12},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2072-4292},
doi = {10.3390/rs10122014},
pages = {26},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3-5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset's characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkinnerCoulthardSchwanghartetal.2018,
author = {Skinner, Christopher J. and Coulthard, Tom J. and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Van De Wiel, Marco J. and Hancock, Greg},
title = {Global sensitivity analysis of parameter uncertainty in landscape evolution models},
series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
volume = {11},
journal = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
number = {12},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1991-959X},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018},
pages = {4873 -- 4888},
year = {2018},
abstract = {The evaluation and verification of landscape evolution models (LEMs) has long been limited by a lack of suitable observational data and statistical measures which can fully capture the complexity of landscape changes. This lack of data limits the use of objective function based evaluation prolific in other modelling fields, and restricts the application of sensitivity analyses in the models and the consequent assessment of model uncertainties. To overcome this deficiency, a novel model function approach has been developed, with each model function representing an aspect of model behaviour, which allows for the application of sensitivity analyses. The model function approach is used to assess the relative sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to a set of model parameters by applying the Morris method sensitivity analysis for two contrasting catchments. The test revealed that the model was most sensitive to the choice of the sediment transport formula for both catchments, and that each parameter influenced model behaviours differently, with model functions relating to internal geomorphic changes responding in a different way to those relating to the sediment yields from the catchment outlet. The model functions proved useful for providing a way of evaluating the sensitivity of LEMs in the absence of data and methods for an objective function approach.},
language = {en}
}
@article{AyzelIzhitskiy2019,
author = {Ayzel, Georgy and Izhitskiy, Alexander},
title = {Climate Change Impact Assessment on Freshwater Inflow into the Small Aral Sea},
series = {Water},
volume = {11},
journal = {Water},
number = {11},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-4441},
doi = {10.3390/w11112377},
pages = {19},
year = {2019},
abstract = {During the last few decades, the rapid separation of the Small Aral Sea from the isolated basin has changed its hydrological and ecological conditions tremendously. In the present study, we developed and validated the hybrid model for the Syr Darya River basin based on a combination of state-of-the-art hydrological and machine learning models. Climate change impact on freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea for the projection period 2007-2099 has been quantified based on the developed hybrid model and bias corrected and downscaled meteorological projections simulated by four General Circulation Models (GCM) for each of three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP). The developed hybrid model reliably simulates freshwater inflow for the historical period with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 and a Kling-Gupta efficiency of 0.77. Results of the climate change impact assessment showed that the freshwater inflow projections produced by different GCMs are misleading by providing contradictory results for the projection period. However, we identified that the relative runoff changes are expected to be more pronounced in the case of more aggressive RCP scenarios. The simulated projections of freshwater inflow provide a basis for further assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological and ecological conditions of the Small Aral Sea in the 21st Century.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MarrucciZeilingerRibolinietal.2018,
author = {Marrucci, Monica and Zeilinger, Gerold and Ribolini, Adriano and Schwanghart, Wolfgang},
title = {Origin of Knickpoints in an Alpine Context Subject to Different Perturbing Factors, Stura Valley, Maritime Alps (North-Western Italy)},
series = {Geosciences},
volume = {8},
journal = {Geosciences},
number = {12},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2076-3263},
doi = {10.3390/geosciences8120443},
pages = {20},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Natural catchments are likely to show the existence of knickpoints in their river networks. The origin and genesis of the knickpoints can be manifold, considering that the present morphology is the result of the interactions of different factors such as tectonic movements, quaternary glaciations, river captures, variable lithology, and base-level changes. We analyzed the longitudinal profiles of the river channels in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Maritime Alps) to identify the knickpoints of such an alpine setting and to characterize their origins. The distribution and the geometry of stream profiles were used to identify the possible causes of the changes in stream gradients and to define zones with genetically linked knickpoints. Knickpoints are key geomorphological features for reconstructing the evolution of fluvial dissected basins, when the different perturbing factors affecting the ideally graded fluvial system have been detected. This study shows that even in a regionally small area, perturbations of river profiles are caused by multiple factors. Thus, attributing (automatically)-extracted knickpoints solely to one factor, can potentially lead to incomplete interpretations of catchment evolution.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BormanndeBritoCharchousietal.2018,
author = {Bormann, Helge and de Brito, Mariana Madruga and Charchousi, Despoina and Chatzistratis, Dimitris and David, Amrei and Grosser, Paula Farina and Kebschull, Jenny and Konis, Alexandros and Koutalakis, Paschalis and Korali, Alkistis and Krauzig, Naomi and Meier, Jessica and Meliadou, Varvara and Meinhardt, Markus and Munnelly, Kieran and Stephan, Christiane and de Vos, Leon Frederik and Dietrich, J{\"o}rg and Tzoraki, Ourania},
title = {Impact of Hydrological Modellers' Decisions and Attitude on the Performance of a Calibrated Conceptual Catchment Model},
series = {Hydrology},
volume = {5},
journal = {Hydrology},
number = {4},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2306-5338},
doi = {10.3390/hydrology5040064},
pages = {13},
year = {2018},
abstract = {In this study, 17 hydrologists with different experience in hydrological modelling applied the same conceptual catchment model (HBV) to a Greek catchment, using identical data and model code. Calibration was performed manually. Subsequently, the modellers were asked for their experience, their calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed the exercise. The exercise revealed that there is considerable modellers' uncertainty even among the experienced modellers. It seemed to be equally important whether the modellers followed a good calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed modelling. The exercise confirmed previous studies about the benefit of model ensembles: Different combinations of the simulation results (median, mean) outperformed the individual model simulations, while filtering the simulations even improved the quality of the model ensembles. Modellers' experience, decisions, and attitude, therefore, have an impact on the hydrological model application and should be considered as part of hydrological modelling uncertainty.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PuppeWannerSommer2018,
author = {Puppe, Daniel and Wanner, Manfred and Sommer, Michael},
title = {Data on euglyphid testate amoeba densities, corresponding protozoic silicon pools, and selected soil parameters of initial and forested biogeosystems},
series = {Data in brief},
volume = {21},
journal = {Data in brief},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2352-3409},
doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.164},
pages = {1697 -- 1703},
year = {2018},
abstract = {The dataset in the present article provides information on protozoic silicon (Si) pools represented by euglyphid testate amoebae (TA) in soils of initial and forested biogeosystems. Protozoic Si pools were calculated from densities of euglyphid TA shells and corresponding Si contents. The article also includes data on potential annual biosilicification rates of euglyphid TA at the examined sites. Furthermore, data on selected soil parameters (e.g., readily-available Si, soil pH) and site characteristics (e.g., soil groups, climate data) can be found. The data might be interesting for researchers focusing on biological processes in Si cycling in general and euglyphid TA and corresponding protozoic Si pools in particular.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MartinLopezLeisterCruzetal.2019,
author = {Martin-Lopez, Berta and Leister, Ines and Cruz, Pedro Lorenzo and Palomo, Ignacio and Gret-Regamey, Adrienne and Harrison, Paula A. and Lavorel, Sandra and Locatelli, Bruno and Luque, Sandra and Walz, Ariane},
title = {Nature's contributions to people in mountains},
series = {PLoS one},
volume = {14},
journal = {PLoS one},
number = {6},
publisher = {PLoS},
address = {San Fransisco},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217847},
pages = {24},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Mountains play a key role in the provision of nature's contributions to people (NCP) worldwide that support societies' quality of life. Simultaneously, mountains are threatened by multiple drivers of change. Due to the complex interlinkages between biodiversity, quality of life and drivers of change, research on NCP in mountains requires interdisciplinary approaches. In this study, we used the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the notion of NCP to determine to what extent previous research on ecosystem services in mountains has explored the different components of the IPBES conceptual framework. We conducted a systematic review of articles on ecosystem services in mountains published up to 2016 using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Descriptive statistical and network analyses were conducted to explore the level of research on the components of the IPBES framework and their interactions. Our results show that research has gradually become more interdisciplinary by studying higher number of NCP, dimensions of quality of life, and indirect drivers of change. Yet, research focusing on biodiversity, regulating NCP and direct drivers has decreased over time. Furthermore, despite the fact that research on NCP in mountains becoming more policy-oriented over time, mainly in relation to payments for ecosystem services, institutional responses remained underexplored in the reviewed studies. Finally, we discuss the relevant knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research in order to contribute to IPBES.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchoonoverGretRegameyMetzgeretal.2019,
author = {Schoonover, Heather A. and Gret-Regamey, Adrienne and Metzger, Marc J. and Ruiz-Frau, Ana and Santos-Reis, Margarida and Scholte, Samantha S. K. and Walz, Ariane and Nicholas, Kimberly A.},
title = {Creating space, aligning motivations, and building trust},
series = {Ecology and society : a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability},
volume = {24},
journal = {Ecology and society : a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability},
number = {1},
publisher = {Resilience Alliance},
address = {Wolfville},
issn = {1708-3087},
doi = {10.5751/ES-10061-240111},
pages = {13},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Ecosystem services inherently involve people, whose values help define the benefits of nature's services. It is thus important for researchers to involve stakeholders in ecosystem services research. However, a simple and practicable framework to guide such engagement, and in particular to help researchers anticipate and consider key issues and challenges, has not been well explored. Here, we use experience from the 12 case studies in the European Operational Potential of Ecosystem Research Applications (OPERAs) project to propose a stakeholder engagement framework comprising three key elements: creating space, aligning motivations, and building trust. We argue that involving stakeholders in research demands thoughtful reflection from the researchers about what kind of space they want to create, including if and how they want to bring different interests together, how much space they want to allow for critical discussion, and whether there is a role for particular stakeholders to serve as conduits between others. In addition, understanding their own motivations—including values, knowledge, goals, and desired benefits—will help researchers decide when and how to involve stakeholders, identify areas of common ground and potential disagreement, frame the project appropriately, set expectations, and ensure each party is able to see benefits of engaging with each other. Finally, building relationships with stakeholders can be difficult but considering the roles of existing relationships, time, approach, reputation, and belonging can help build mutual trust. Although the three key elements and the paths between them can play out differently depending on the particular research project, we suggest that a research design that considers how to create the space in which researchers and stakeholders will meet, align motivations between researchers and stakeholders, and build mutual trust will help foster productive researcher-stakeholder relationships.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MusterRileyRothetal.2019,
author = {Muster, Sina and Riley, William J. and Roth, Kurt and Langer, Moritz and Aleina, Fabio Cresto and Koven, Charles D. and Lange, Stephan and Bartsch, Annett and Grosse, Guido and Wilson, Cathy J. and Jones, Benjamin M. and Boike, Julia},
title = {Size distributions of arctic waterbodies reveal consistent relations in their statistical moments in space and time},
series = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
volume = {7},
journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-6463},
doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00005},
pages = {15},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Arctic lowlands are characterized by large numbers of small waterbodies, which are known to affect surface energy budgets and the global carbon cycle. Statistical analysis of their size distributions has been hindered by the shortage of observations at sufficiently high spatial resolutions. This situation has now changed with the high-resolution (<5 m) circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database recently becoming available. We have used this database to make the first consistent, high-resolution estimation of Arctic waterbody size distributions, with surface areas ranging from 0.0001 km(2) (100 m(2)) to 1 km(2). We found that the size distributions varied greatly across the thirty study regions investigated and that there was no single universal size distribution function (including power-law distribution functions) appropriate across all of the study regions. We did, however, find close relationships between the statistical moments (mean, variance, and skewness) of the waterbody size distributions from different study regions. Specifically, we found that the spatial variance increased linearly with mean waterbody size (R-2 = 0.97, p < 2.2e-16) and that the skewness decreased approximately hyperbolically. We have demonstrated that these relationships (1) hold across the 30 Arctic study regions covering a variety of (bio)climatic and permafrost zones, (2) hold over time in two of these study regions for which multi-decadal satellite imagery is available, and (3) can be reproduced by simulating rising water levels in a high-resolution digital elevation model. The consistent spatial and temporal relationships between the statistical moments of the waterbody size distributions underscore the dominance of topographic controls in lowland permafrost areas. These results provide motivation for further analyses of the factors involved in waterbody development and spatial distribution and for investigations into the possibility of using statistical moments to predict future hydrologic dynamics in the Arctic.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HellwigTattiSartorietal.2018,
author = {Hellwig, Niels and Tatti, Dylan and Sartori, Giacomo and Anschlag, Kerstin and Graefe, Ulfert and Egli, Markus and Gobat, Jean-Michel and Broll, Gabriele},
title = {Modeling spatial patterns of humus forms in montane and subalpine forests},
series = {Sustainability},
volume = {11},
journal = {Sustainability},
number = {1},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2071-1050},
doi = {10.3390/su11010048},
pages = {15},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BarbosadeLiraRabeloCoelhoetal.2019,
author = {Barbosa, Luis Romero and de Lira, Nicholas Borges and Rabelo Coelho, Victor Hugo and Bernard Passerat de Silans, Alain Marie and Gadelha, Andre Nobrega and Almeida, Cristiano das Neves},
title = {Stability of Soil Moisture Patterns Retrieved at Different Temporal Resolutions in a Tropical Watershed},
series = {Revista brasileira de ciencias do solo},
volume = {43},
journal = {Revista brasileira de ciencias do solo},
publisher = {Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo},
address = {Vicosa},
issn = {0100-0683},
doi = {10.1590/18069657rbcs20180236},
pages = {21},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Above and underground hydrological processes depend on soil moisture (SM) variability, driven by different environmental factors that seldom are well-monitored, leading to a misunderstanding of soil water temporal patterns. This study investigated the stability of the SM temporal dynamics to different monitoring temporal resolutions around the border between two soil types in a tropical watershed. Four locations were instrumented in a small-scale watershed (5.84 km(2)) within the tropical coast of Northeast Brazil, encompassing different soil types (Espodossolo Humiluvico or Carbic Podzol, and Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo or Haplic Acrisol), land covers (Atlantic Forest, bush vegetation, and grassland) and topographies (flat and moderate slope). The SM was monitored at a temporal resolution of one hour along the 2013-2014 hydrological year and then resampled a resolutions of 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, and 15 days. Descriptive statistics, temporal variability, time-stability ranking, and hierarchical clustering revealed uneven associations among SM time components. The results show that the time-invariant component ruled SM temporal variability over the time-varying parcel, either at high or low temporal resolutions. Time-steps longer than 2 days affected the mean statistical metrics of the SM time-variant parcel. Additionally, SM at downstream and upstream sites behaved differently, suggesting that the temporal mean was regulated by steady soil properties (slope, restrictive layer, and soil texture), whereas their temporal anomalies were driven by climate (rainfall) and hydrogeological (groundwater level) factors. Therefore, it is concluded that around the border between tropical soil types, the distinct behaviour of time-variant and time-invariant components of SM time series reflects different combinations of their soil properties.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ParkBatallaBirgandetal.2019,
author = {Park, Jungsu and Batalla, Ramon J. and Birgand, Francois and Esteves, Michel and Gentile, Francesco and Harrington, Joseph R. and Navratil, Oldrich and Lopez-Tarazon, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s and Vericat, Damia},
title = {Influences of Catchment and River Channel Characteristics on the Magnitude and Dynamics of Storage and Re-Suspension of Fine Sediments in River Beds},
series = {Water},
volume = {11},
journal = {Water},
number = {5},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-4441},
doi = {10.3390/w11050878},
pages = {23},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Fine particles or sediments are one of the important variables that should be considered for the proper management of water quality and aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effect of catchment characteristics on the performance of an already developed model for the estimation of fine sediments dynamics between the water column and sediment bed was tested, using 13 catchments distributed worldwide. The model was calibrated to determine two optimal model parameters. The first is the filtration parameter, which represents the filtration of fine sediments through pores of the stream bed during the recession period of a flood event. The second parameter is the bed erosion parameter that represents the active layer, directly related to the re-suspension of fine sediments during a flood event. A dependency of the filtration parameter with the catchment area was observed in catchments smaller than 100 km(2), whereas no particular relationship was observed for larger catchments (>100 km(2)). In contrast, the bed erosion parameter does not show a noticeable dependency with the area or other environmental characteristics. The model estimated the mass of fine sediments released from the sediment bed to the water column during flood events in the 13 catchments within 23\% bias.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RusakTanentzapKlugetal.2018,
author = {Rusak, James A. and Tanentzap, Andrew J. and Klug, Jennifer L. and Rose, Kevin C. and Hendricks, Susan P. and Jennings, Eleanor and Laas, Alo and Pierson, Donald C. and Ryder, Elizabeth and Smyth, Robyn L. and White, D. S. and Winslow, Luke A. and Adrian, Rita and Arvola, Lauri and de Eyto, Elvira and Feuchtmayr, Heidrun and Honti, Mark and Istvanovics, Vera and Jones, Ian D. and McBride, Chris G. and Schmidt, Silke Regina and Seekell, David and Staehr, Peter A. and Guangwei, Zhu},
title = {Wind and trophic status explain within and among-lake variability of algal biomass},
series = {Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography},
volume = {3},
journal = {Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography},
number = {6},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {2378-2242},
doi = {10.1002/lol2.10093},
pages = {409 -- 418},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.},
language = {en}
}
@article{NathoTschikofBondarKunzeetal.2020,
author = {Natho, Stephanie and Tschikof, Martin and Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth and Hein, Thomas},
title = {Modeling the effect of enhanced lateral connectivity on nutrient retention capacity in large river floodplains},
series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
volume = {8},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-665X},
doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2020.00074},
pages = {16},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Floodplains have been degraded in Central Europe for centuries, resulting in less dynamic and less diverse ecosystems than in the past. They provide essential ecosystem services like nutrient retention to improve overall water quality and thus fulfill naturally what EU legislation demands, but this service is impaired by reduced connectivity patterns. Along the second-longest river in Europe, the Danube, restoration measures have been carried out and are planned for the near future in the Austrian Danube Floodplain National Park in accordance with navigation purposes. We investigated nutrient retention capacity in seven currently differently connected side arms and the effects of proposed restoration measures using two complementary modeling approaches. We modeled nutrient retention capacity in two scenarios considering different hydrological conditions, as well as the consequences of planned restoration measures for side arm connectivity. With existing monitoring data on hydrology, nitrate, and total phosphorus concentrations for three side arms, we applied a statistical model and compared these results to a semi-empirical retention model. The latter was originally developed for larger scales, based on transferable causalities of retention processes and set up for this floodplain with publicly available data. Both model outcomes are in a comparable range for NO3-N (77-198 kg ha(-1)yr(-1)) and TP (1.4-5.7 kg ha(-1)yr(-1)) retention and agree in calculating higher retention in floodplains, where reconnection allows more frequent inundation events. However, the differences in the model results are significant for specific aspects especially during high flows, where the semi-empirical model complements the statistical model. On the other hand, the statistical model complements the semi-empirical model when taking into account nutrient retention at times of no connection between the remaining water bodies left in the floodplain. Overall, both models show clearly that nutrient retention in the Danube floodplains can be enhanced by restoring lateral hydrological reconnection and, for all planned measures, a positive effect on the overall water quality of the Danube River is expected. Still, a frequently hydrologically connected stretch of national park is insufficient to improve the water quality of the whole Upper Danube, and more functional floodplains are required.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WehrhanSommer2021,
author = {Wehrhan, Marc and Sommer, Michael},
title = {A parsimonious approach to estimate soil organic carbon applying Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) multispectral imagery and the topographic position index in a heterogeneous soil landscape},
series = {Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
volume = {13},
journal = {Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
number = {18},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2072-4292},
doi = {10.3390/rs13183557},
pages = {20},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Remote sensing plays an increasingly key role in the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in agriculturally managed topsoils at the regional and field scales. Contemporary Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) carrying low-cost and lightweight multispectral sensors provide high spatial resolution imagery (<10 cm). These capabilities allow integrate of UAS-derived soil data and maps into digitalized workflows for sustainable agriculture. However, the common situation of scarce soil data at field scale might be an obstacle for accurate digital soil mapping. In our case study we tested a fixed-wing UAS equipped with visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) sensors to estimate topsoil SOC distribution at two fields under the constraint of limited sampling points, which were selected by pedological knowledge. They represent all releva nt soil types along an erosion-deposition gradient; hence, the full feature space in terms of topsoils' SOC status. We included the Topographic Position Index (TPI) as a co-variate for SOC prediction. Our study was performed in a soil landscape of hummocky ground moraines, which represent a significant of global arable land. Herein, small scale soil variability is mainly driven by tillage erosion which, in turn, is strongly dependent on topography. Relationships between SOC, TPI and spectral information were tested by Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) using: (i) single field data (local approach) and (ii) data from both fields (pooled approach). The highest prediction performance determined by a leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV) was obtained for the models using the reflectance at 570 nm in conjunction with the TPI as explanatory variables for the local approach (coefficient of determination (R-2) = 0.91; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.11\% and R-2 = 0.48; RMSE = 0.33, respectively). The local MLR models developed with both reflectance and TPI using values from all points showed high correlations and low prediction errors for SOC content (R-2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.07\%; R-2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.06\%, respectively). The comparison with an enlarged dataset consisting of all points from both fields (pooled approach) showed no improvement of the prediction accuracy but yielded decreased prediction errors. Lastly, the local MLR models were applied to the data of the respective other field to evaluate the cross-field prediction ability. The spatial SOC pattern generally remains unaffected on both fields; differences, however, occur concerning the predicted SOC level. Our results indicate a high potential of the combination of UAS-based remote sensing and environmental covariates, such as terrain attributes, for the prediction of topsoil SOC content at the field scale. The temporal flexibility of UAS offer the opportunity to optimize flight conditions including weather and soil surface status (plant cover or residuals, moisture and roughness) which, otherwise, might obscure the relationship between spectral data and SOC content. Pedologically targeted selection of soil samples for model development appears to be the key for an efficient and effective prediction even with a small dataset.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PatonVogelKlugeetal.2021,
author = {Paton, Eva and Vogel, Johannes Joscha and Kluge, Bj{\"o}rn and Nehls, Thomas},
title = {Ausmaß, Trend und Extrema von D{\"u}rren im urbanen Raum},
series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
volume = {65},
journal = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
number = {1},
publisher = {Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
address = {Koblenz},
issn = {1439-1783},
doi = {10.5675/HyWa_2021.1_1},
pages = {5 -- 16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Summers are currently perceived to be getting longer, hotter and more extreme - and this impression is reinforced in urban areas by the occurrence of heat island effects in densely built-up areas. To assess the real extent of increasing drought occurrences in German cities, a DWD data set of 31 urban climate stations for the period 1950 to 2019 was analysed using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) with regard to meteorological drought lengths, drought extrema, heat waves and compound events in the form of simultaneously occurring heat waves and drought months. The analysis shows a large degree of heterogeneity within Germany: a severe drought occurred in most cities in 2018, while the year 2018 was among the three years with the longest droughts (since 1950) for only one third of the cities. Some southern and central German cities show a statistically significant increase in drought months per decade since 1950, other cities, mostly in the north and northwest, only show an increase in the past two decades or even no trend at all. The compound analysis of simultaneously occurring heat and drought months shows a strong increase at most stations in the last two decades, whereby the two components are responsible with a very different proportion regionally for the increase in compound events.},
language = {de}
}
@article{SusmanGuetteWeith2021,
author = {Susman, Roni and G{\"u}tte, Annelie Maja and Weith, Thomas},
title = {Drivers of land use conflicts in infrastructural mega projects in coastal areas},
series = {Land : open access journal},
volume = {10},
journal = {Land : open access journal},
number = {6},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-445X},
doi = {10.3390/land10060615},
pages = {24},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Coastal areas are particularly sensitive because they are complex, and related land use conflicts are more intense than those in noncoastal areas. In addition to representing a unique encounter of natural and socioeconomic factors, coastal areas have become paradigms of progressive urbanisation and economic development. Our study of the infrastructural mega project of Patimban Seaport in Indonesia explores the factors driving land use changes and the subsequent land use conflicts emerging from large-scale land transformation in the course of seaport development and mega project governance. We utilised interviews and questionnaires to investigate institutional aspects and conflict drivers. Specifically, we retrace and investigate the mechanisms guiding how mega project governance, land use planning, and actual land use interact. Therefore, we observe and analyse where land use conflicts emerge and the roles that a lack of stakeholder interest involvement and tenure-responsive planning take in this process. Our findings reflect how mismanagement and inadequate planning processes lead to market failure, land abandonment and dereliction and how they overburden local communities with the costs of mega projects. Enforcing a stronger coherence between land use planning, participation and land tenure within the land governance process in coastal land use development at all levels and raising the capacity of stakeholders to interfere with governance and planning processes will reduce conflicts and lead to sustainable coastal development in Indonesia.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MacdonaldOteroButler2021,
author = {Macdonald, Elena and Otero, Noelia and Butler, Tim},
title = {A comparison of long-term trends in observations and emission inventories of NOx},
series = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / European Geosciences Union},
volume = {21},
journal = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / European Geosciences Union},
number = {5},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1680-7316},
doi = {10.5194/acp-21-4007-2021},
pages = {4007 -- 4023},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Air pollution is a pressing issue that is associated with adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. Despite many years of effort to improve air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values are still regularly exceeded in Europe, particularly in cities and along streets. This study explores how concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in European urban areas have changed over the last decades and how this relates to changes in emissions. To do so, the incremental approach was used, comparing urban increments (i.e. urban background minus rural concentrations) to total emissions, and roadside increments (i.e. urban roadside concentrations minus urban background concentrations) to traffic emissions. In total, nine European cities were assessed. The study revealed that potentially confounding factors like the impact of urban pollution at rural monitoring sites through atmospheric transport are generally negligible for NOx. The approach proves therefore particularly useful for this pollutant. The estimated urban increments all showed downward trends, and for the majority of the cities the trends aligned well with the total emissions. However, it was found that factors like a very densely populated surrounding or local emission sources in the rural area such as shipping traffic on inland waterways restrict the application of the approach for some cities. The roadside increments showed an overall very diverse picture in their absolute values and trends and also in their relation to traffic emissions. This variability and the discrepancies between roadside increments and emissions could be attributed to a combination of local influencing factors at the street level and different aspects introducing inaccuracies to the trends of the emis-sion inventories used, including deficient emission factors. Applying the incremental approach was evaluated as useful for long-term pan-European studies, but at the same time it was found to be restricted to certain regions and cities due to data availability issues. The results also highlight that using emission inventories for the prediction of future health impacts and compliance with limit values needs to consider the distinct variability in the concentrations not only across but also within cities.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LehrLischeid2020,
author = {Lehr, Christian and Lischeid, Gunnar},
title = {Efficient screening of groundwater head monitoring data for anthropogenic effects and measurement errors},
series = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {24},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1027-5606},
doi = {10.5194/hess-24-501-2020},
pages = {501 -- 513},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Groundwater levels are monitored by environmental agencies to support the sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose continuous and spatially comprehensive monitoring in high spatial and temporal resolution is desired. This leads to large datasets that have to be checked for quality and analysed to distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural variability of the groundwater level dynamics at each well. Both technical problems with the measurements as well as local anthropogenic influences can lead to local anomalies in the hydrographs. We suggest a fast and efficient screening method for the identification of well-specific peculiarities in hydrographs of groundwater head monitoring networks. The only information required is a set of time series of groundwater heads all measured at the same instants of time. For each well of the monitoring network a reference hydrograph is calculated, describing expected "normal" behaviour at the respective well as is typical for the monitored region. The reference hydrograph is calculated by multiple linear regression of the observed hydrograph with the "stable" principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis of all groundwater head series of the network as predictor variables. The stable PCs are those PCs which were found in a random subsampling procedure to be rather insensitive to the specific selection of the analysed observation wells, i.e. complete series, and to the specific selection of measurement dates. Hence they can be considered to be representative for the monitored region in the respective period. The residuals of the reference hydrograph describe local deviations from the normal behaviour. Peculiarities in the residuals allow the data to be checked for measurement errors and the wells with a possible anthropogenic influence to be identified. The approach was tested with 141 groundwater head time series from the state authority groundwater monitoring network in northeastern Germany covering the period from 1993 to 2013 at an approximately weekly frequency of measurement.},
language = {en}
}
@article{CortiCioniFranceschinietal.2019,
author = {Corti, Giacomo and Cioni, Raffaello and Franceschini, Zara and Sani, Federico and Scaillet, Stephane and Molin, Paola and Isola, Ilaria and Mazzarini, Francesco and Brune, Sascha and Keir, Derek and Erbello Doelesso, Asfaw and Muluneh, Ameha and Illsley-Kemp, Finnigan and Glerum, Anne},
title = {Aborted propagation of the Ethiopian rift caused by linkage with the Kenyan rift},
series = {Nature Communications},
volume = {10},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
address = {London},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09335-2},
pages = {11},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Continental rift systems form by propagation of isolated rift segments that interact, and eventually evolve into continuous zones of deformation. This process impacts many aspects of rifting including rift morphology at breakup, and eventual ocean-ridge segmentation. Yet, rift segment growth and interaction remain enigmatic. Here we present geological data from the poorly documented Ririba rift (South Ethiopia) that reveals how two major sectors of the East African rift, the Kenyan and Ethiopian rifts, interact. We show that the Ririba rift formed from the southward propagation of the Ethiopian rift during the Pliocene but this propagation was short-lived and aborted close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Seismicity data support the abandonment of laterally offset, overlapping tips of the Ethiopian and Kenyan rifts. Integration with new numerical models indicates that rift abandonment resulted from progressive focusing of the tectonic and magmatic activity into an oblique, throughgoing rift zone of near pure extension directly connecting the rift sectors.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WeimarKoehliBudachetal.2020,
author = {Weimar, Jannis and K{\"o}hli, Markus and Budach, Christian and Schmidt, Ulrich},
title = {Large-scale boron-lined neutron detection systems as a 3He alternative for Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing},
series = {Frontiers in water},
volume = {2},
journal = {Frontiers in water},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2624-9375},
doi = {10.3389/frwa.2020.00016},
pages = {17},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Cosmic-Ray neutron sensors are widely used to determine soil moisture on the hectare scale. Precise measurements, especially in the case of mobile application, demand for neutron detectors with high counting rates and high signal-to-noise ratios. For a long time Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) instruments have relied on He-3 as an efficient neutron converter. Its ongoing scarcity demands for technological solutions using alternative converters, which are Li-6 and B-10. Recent developments lead to a modular neutron detector consisting of several B-10-lined proportional counter tubes, which feature high counting rates via its large surface area. The modularity allows for individual shieldings of different segments within the detector featuring the capability of gaining spectral information about the detected neutrons. This opens the possibility for active signal correction, especially useful when applied to mobile measurements, where the influence of constantly changing near-field to the overall signal should be corrected. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio could be increased by combining pulse height and pulse length spectra to discriminate between neutrons and other environmental radiation. This novel detector therefore combines high-selective counting electronics with large-scale instrumentation technology.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WangWangWangetal.2020,
author = {Wang, Hao and Wang, Xuejiang and Wang, Weishi and Su, Yinglong and Zhao, Jianfu},
title = {Reuse of a phosphorus recovery product (struvite/palygorskite) from nutrient wastewater for copper remediation in aqueous solution and soil},
series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
volume = {357},
journal = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
issn = {0016-7061},
doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113955},
pages = {10},
year = {2020},
abstract = {In this study, a phosphorus recovery product, struvite palygorskite (S-PAL), obtained from nutrient-rich wastewater by using MgO modified palygorskite was applied for copper remediation in aqueous solution and contaminated soil to achieve waste recycling. The effects of contact time, initial pH, initial Cu(II) concentration and reaction temperature on Cu(II) adsorption in aqueous solution were intensively testified. Pseudo-second-order model was able to properly describe Cu(II) adsorption kinetics by using palygorskite (PAL) and S-PAL, and S-PAL exhibited higher adsorption amount (106.27 mg/g) than PAL (8.46 mg/g) at pH of 4. Cu(II) adsorption on PAL and S-PAL could be well fitted by Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that Cu(II) adsorption onto PAL and S-PAL were spontaneous and endothermic. A 28-day soil incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of PAL and S-PAL with three different rates (1\%, 5\% and 10\% w/w) on Cu immobilization in contaminated soil. In the immobilization test, Cu extracted by 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 after seven days incubation significantly decreased with increasing rate of PAL and S-PAL. BCR sequential extraction results showed the significant decrease of acid soluble Cu and a concomitant increase of the residual fraction of Cu after S-PAL and PAL addition. XRD patterns of soil samples after treatment by PAL and S-PAL showed the formation of Cu0.6Mg1.3Si2O6 and Cu-3.04(PO4)(2)OH0.08 center dot 2H(2)O, which indicated that silanol groups and phosphate exhibited affinity for Cu in the soil.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZhangGuoChen2020,
author = {Zhang, Yan-qiu and Guo, Zeng-hui and Chen, Dai-zhao},
title = {Porosity distribution in cyclic dolomites of the Lower Qiulitag Group (Upper Cambrian) in northwestern Tarim Basin, China},
series = {China geology},
volume = {3},
journal = {China geology},
number = {3},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2096-5192},
pages = {425 -- 444},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Increasing interests in hydrocarbon resources at depths have drawn greater attentions to the deeply-buried carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin in China. In this study, the cyclic dolomite rocks of Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group from four outcrop sections in northwestern Tarim Basin were selected to investigate and evaluate the petrophysical properties in relation to depositional facies and cyclicity. The Lower Qiulitag Group includes ten lithofacies, which were deposited in intermediate to shallow subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environments on a carbonate ramp system. These lithofacies are vertically stacked into repeated shallowing-upward, meter-scale cycles which are further grouped into six third-order depositional sequences (Sq1 to Sq6). There are variable types of pore spaces in the Lower Qiulitag Group dolomite rocks, including interparticle, intraparticle, and fenestral pores of primary origin, inter crystal, and vuggy pores of late diagenetic modification. The porosity in the dolomites is generally facies-selective as that the microbially-originated thrombolites and stromatolites generally yield a relatively high porosity. In contrast, the high-energy ooidal grainstones generally have very low porosity. In this case, the microbialite-based peritidal cycles and peritidal cycle-dominated highstand (or regressive) successions have relatively high volumes of pore spaces, although highly fluctuating (or vertical inhomogeneous). Accordingly, the grainstone-based subtidal cycles and subtidal cycle-dominated transgressive successions generally yield extremely low porosity. This scenario indicates that porosity development and preservation in the thick dolomite successions are primarily controlled by depositional facies which were influenced by sea-level fluctuations of different orders and later diagenetic overprinting.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SiegThieken2022,
author = {Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret},
title = {Improving flood impact estimations},
series = {Environmental research letters},
volume = {17},
journal = {Environmental research letters},
number = {6},
publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
address = {Bristol},
issn = {1748-9326},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac6d6c},
pages = {16},
year = {2022},
abstract = {A reliable estimation of flood impacts enables meaningful flood risk management and rapid assessments of flood impacts shortly after a flood. The flood in 2021 in Central Europe and the analysis of its impacts revealed that these estimations are still inadequate. Therefore, we investigate the influence of different data sets and methods aiming to improve flood impact estimates. We estimated economic flood impacts to private households and companies for a flood event in 2013 in Germany using (a) two different flood maps, (b) two approaches to map exposed objects based on OpenStreetMap and the Basic European Asset Map, (c) two different approaches to estimate asset values, and (d) tree-based models and Stage-Damage-Functions to describe the vulnerability. At the macro scale, water masks lead to reasonable impact estimations. At the micro and meso-scale, the identification of affected objects by means of water masks is insufficient leading to unreliable estimations. The choice of exposure data sets is most influential on the estimations. We find that reliable impact estimations are feasible with reported numbers of flood-affected objects from the municipalities. We conclude that more effort should be put in the investigation of different exposure data sets and the estimation of asset values. Furthermore, we recommend the establishment of a reporting system in the municipalities for a fast identification of flood-affected objects shortly after an event.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DeusdaraLealSamprognaMohorCuartasetal.2022,
author = {Deusdar{\´a}-Leal, Karinne and Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Cuartas, Luz Adriana and Seluchi, Marcelo E. and Marengo, Jose A. and Zhang, Rong and Broedel, Elisangela and Amore, Diogo de Jesus and Alval{\´a}, Regina C. S. and Cunha, Ana Paula M. A. and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Jos{\´e} A. C.},
title = {Trends and climate elasticity of streamflow in south-eastern Brazil basins},
series = {Water},
volume = {14},
journal = {Water},
number = {14},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-4441},
doi = {10.3390/w14142245},
pages = {25},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Trends in streamflow, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) time series, from 1970 to 2017, were assessed for five important hydrological basins in Southeastern Brazil. The concept of elasticity was also used to assess the streamflow sensitivity to changes in climate variables, for annual data and 5-, 10- and 20-year moving averages. Significant negative trends in streamflow and rainfall and significant increasing trend in PET were detected. For annual analysis, elasticity revealed that 1\% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.21-2.19\% decrease in streamflow, while 1\% increase in PET induced different reductions percentages in streamflow, ranging from 2.45\% to 9.67\%. When both PET and rainfall were computed to calculate the elasticity, results were positive for some basins. Elasticity analysis considering 20-year moving averages revealed that impacts on the streamflow were cumulative: 1\% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.83-4.75\% decrease in streamflow, while 1\% increase in PET induced 3.47-28.3\% decrease in streamflow. This different temporal response may be associated with the hydrological memory of the basins. Streamflow appears to be more sensitive in less rainy basins. This study provides useful information to support strategic government decisions, especially when the security of water resources and drought mitigation are considered in face of climate change.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RainerSeppeyHammeretal.2021,
author = {Rainer, Edda M. and Seppey, Christophe Victor William and Hammer, Caroline and Svenning, Mette M. and Tveit, Alexander Tosdal},
title = {The influence of above-ground herbivory on the response of Arctic soil methanotrophs to increasing CH4 concentrations and temperatures},
series = {Microorganisms : open access journal},
volume = {9},
journal = {Microorganisms : open access journal},
number = {10},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2076-2607},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms9102080},
pages = {20},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Rising temperatures in the Arctic affect soil microorganisms, herbivores, and peatland vegetation, thus directly and indirectly influencing microbial CH4 production. It is not currently known how methanotrophs in Arctic peat respond to combined changes in temperature, CH4 concentration, and vegetation. We studied methanotroph responses to temperature and CH4 concentration in peat exposed to herbivory and protected by exclosures. The methanotroph activity was assessed by CH4 oxidation rate measurements using peat soil microcosms and a pure culture of Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96, qPCR, and sequencing of pmoA transcripts. Elevated CH4 concentrations led to higher CH4 oxidation rates both in grazed and exclosed peat soils, but the strongest response was observed in grazed peat soils. Furthermore, the relative transcriptional activities of different methanotroph community members were affected by the CH4 concentrations. While transcriptional responses to low CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in grazed peat soils, responses to high CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in exclosed peat soils. We observed no significant methanotroph responses to increasing temperatures. We conclude that methanotroph communities in these peat soils respond to changes in the CH4 concentration depending on their previous exposure to grazing. This "conditioning " influences which strains will thrive and, therefore, determines the function of the methanotroph community.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ThiekenMohorKreibichetal.2022,
author = {Thieken, Annegret and Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna and Kreibich, Heidi and M{\"u}ller, Meike},
title = {Compound inland flood events},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
volume = {22},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
number = {1},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-22-165-2022},
pages = {165 -- 185},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Several severe flood events hit Germany in recent years, with events in 2013 and 2016 being the most destructive ones, although dynamics and flood processes were very different. While the 2013 event was a slowly rising widespread fluvial flood accompanied by some severe dike breaches, the events in 2016 were fast-onset pluvial floods, which resulted in surface water flooding in some places due to limited capacities of the drainage systems and in destructive flash floods with high sediment loads and clogging in others, particularly in small steep catchments. Hence, different pathways, i.e. different routes that the water takes to reach (and potentially damage) receptors, in our case private households, can be identified in both events. They can thus be regarded as spatially compound flood events or compound inland floods. This paper analyses how differently affected residents coped with these different flood types (fluvial and pluvial) and their impacts while accounting for the different pathways (river flood, dike breach, surface water flooding and flash flood) within the compound events. The analyses are based on two data sets with 1652 (for the 2013 flood) and 601 (for the 2016 flood) affected residents who were surveyed around 9 months after each flood, revealing little socio-economic differences - except for income - between the two samples. The four pathways showed significant differences with regard to their hydraulic and financial impacts, recovery, warning processes, and coping and adaptive behaviour. There are just small differences with regard to perceived self-efficacy and responsibility, offering entry points for tailored risk communication and support to improve property-level adaptation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MadrugadeBritoOttoKuhlicke2021,
author = {Madruga de Brito, Mariana and Otto, Danny and Kuhlicke, Christian},
title = {Tracking topics and frames regarding sustainability transformations during the onset of the COVID-19 crisis},
series = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
volume = {13},
journal = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
number = {19},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2071-1050},
doi = {10.3390/su131911095},
pages = {19},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Many researchers and politicians believe that the COVID-19 crisis may have opened a "window of opportunity " to spur sustainability transformations. Still, evidence for such a dynamic is currently lacking. Here, we propose the linkage of "big data " and "thick data " methods for monitoring debates on transformation processes by following the COVID-19 discourse on ecological sustainability in Germany. We analysed variations in the topics discussed by applying text mining techniques to a corpus with 84,500 newspaper articles published during the first COVID-19 wave. This allowed us to attain a unique and previously inaccessible "bird's eye view " of how these topics evolved. To deepen our understanding of prominent frames, a qualitative content analysis was undertaken. Furthermore, we investigated public awareness by analysing online search behaviour. The findings show an underrepresentation of sustainability topics in the German news during the early stages of the crisis. Similarly, public awareness regarding climate change was found to be reduced. Nevertheless, by examining the newspaper data in detail, we found that the pandemic is often seen as a chance for sustainability transformations-but not without a set of challenges. Our mixed-methods approach enabled us to bridge knowledge gaps between qualitative and quantitative research by "thickening " and providing context to data-driven analyses. By monitoring whether or not the current crisis is seen as a chance for sustainability transformations, we provide insights for environmental policy in times of crisis.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{HussBookhagenHuggeletal.2017,
author = {Huss, Matthias and Bookhagen, Bodo and Huggel, C. and Jacobsen, Dean and Bradley, Raymond S. and Clague, J. J. and Vuille, Mathias and Buytaert, Wouter and Cayan, D. R. and Greenwood, G. and Mark, B. G. and Milner, A. M. and Weingartner, Rolf and Winder, M.},
title = {Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice},
series = {Earths future},
volume = {5},
journal = {Earths future},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {2328-4277},
doi = {10.1002/2016EF000514},
pages = {418 -- 435},
year = {2017},
abstract = {The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller and, in some cases, disappear, the area of frozen ground will diminish, the ratio of snow to rainfall will decrease, and the timing and magnitude of both maximum and minimum streamflow will change. These changes will affect erosion rates, sediment, and nutrient flux, and the biogeochemistry of rivers and proglacial lakes, all of which influence water quality, aquatic habitat, and biotic communities. Changes in the length of the growing season will allow low-elevation plants and animals to expand their ranges upward. Slope failures due to thawing alpine permafrost, and outburst floods from glacier-and moraine-dammed lakes will threaten downstream populations.Societies even well beyond the mountains depend on meltwater from glaciers and snow for drinking water supplies, irrigation, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and recreation. Here, we review and, where possible, quantify the impacts of anticipated climate change on the alpine cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and consider the implications for adaptation to a future of mountains without permanent snow and ice.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LangeBuerkner2021,
author = {Lange, Bastian and B{\"u}rkner, Hans-Joachim},
title = {Ambiguous avant-gardes and their geographies},
series = {Die Erde : journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin ; Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Erdkunde zu Berlin},
volume = {152},
journal = {Die Erde : journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin ; Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Erdkunde zu Berlin},
number = {4},
publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Erdkunde},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {0013-9998},
doi = {10.12854/erde-2021-566},
pages = {273 -- 287},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In the following article, the focus is on the transformative potentials created by so-called persistence avant-gardes and prevention innovators. The text extends Bluhdorn's guiding concept of narratives of hope (Bluhdorn 2017; Bluhdorn and Butzlaff 2019) by considering those groups that are marginalized within debates on socio-ecological transformation. With a closer look at the narratives of prevention and blockade that these actors engage, the ambiguous nature of postgrowth avant-gardes is carved out. Their discursive, argumentative, and effective inhibition of transitory policies is interpreted as a pro-active potential, rather than a mere obstacle to socio-ecological transformation. Adding a geographical perspective, the paper pleads for a more precise theoretical penetration of the ambivalent figure of avantgardes when analyzing processes of local and regional postgrowth.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ScherlerSchwanghart2020,
author = {Scherler, Dirk and Schwanghart, Wolfgang},
title = {Drainage divide networks - part 1: Identification and ordering in digital elevation models},
series = {Earth surface dynamics : ESURF},
volume = {8},
journal = {Earth surface dynamics : ESURF},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus Publ.},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {2196-6311},
doi = {10.5194/esurf-8-245-2020},
pages = {245 -- 259},
year = {2020},
abstract = {We propose a novel way to measure and analyze networks of drainage divides from digital elevation models. We developed an algorithm that extracts drainage divides based on the drainage basin boundaries defined by a stream network. In contrast to streams, there is no straightforward approach to order and classify divides, although it is intuitive that some divides are more important than others. A meaningful way of ordering divides is the average distance one would have to travel down on either side of a divide to reach a common stream location. However, because measuring these distances is computationally expensive and prone to edge effects, we instead sort divide segments based on their tree-like network structure, starting from endpoints at river confluences. The sorted nature of the network allows for assigning distances to points along the divides, which can be shown to scale with the average distance downslope to the common stream location. Furthermore, because divide segments tend to have characteristic lengths, an ordering scheme in which divide orders increase by 1 at junctions mimics these distances. We applied our new algorithm to the Big Tujunga catchment in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California and studied the morphology of the drainage divide network. Our results show that topographic metrics, like the downstream flow distance to a stream and hillslope relief, attain characteristic values that depend on the drainage area threshold used to derive the stream network. Portions along the divide network that have lower than average relief or are closer than average to streams are often distinctly asymmetric in shape, suggesting that these divides are unstable. Our new and automated approach thus helps to objectively extract and analyze divide networks from digital elevation models.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WehrhanPuppeKaczoreketal.2021,
author = {Wehrhan, Marc and Puppe, Daniel and Kaczorek, Danuta and Sommer, Michael},
title = {Spatial patterns of aboveground phytogenic Si stocks in a grass-dominated catchment},
series = {Biogeosciences : BG},
volume = {18},
journal = {Biogeosciences : BG},
number = {18},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1726-4170},
doi = {10.5194/bg-18-5163-2021},
pages = {5163 -- 5183},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Various studies have been performed to quantify silicon (Si) stocks in plant biomass and related Si fluxes in terrestrial biogeosystems. Most studies are deliberately designed on the plot scale to ensure low heterogeneity in soils and plant composition, hence similar environmental conditions. Due to the immanent spatial soil variability, the transferability of results to larger areas, such as catchments, is therefore limited. However, the emergence of new technical features and increasing knowledge on details in Si cycling lead to a more complex picture at landscape and catchment scales. Dynamic and static soil properties change along the soil continuum and might influence not only the species composition of natural vegetation but also its biomass distribution and related Si stocks. Maximum likelihood (ML) classification was applied to multispectral imagery captured by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) aiming at the identification of land cover classes (LCCs). Subsequently, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ground-based measurements of biomass were used to quantify aboveground Si stocks in two Si-accumulating plants (Calamagrostis epige-jos and Phragmites australis) in a heterogeneous catchment and related corresponding spatial patterns of these stocks to soil properties. We found aboveground Si stocks of C. epige-jos and P. australis to be surprisingly high (maxima of Si stocks reach values up to 98 g Sim(-2)), i.e. comparable to or markedly exceeding reported values for the Si storage in aboveground vegetation of various terrestrial ecosystems. We further found spatial patterns of plant aboveground Si stocks to reflect spatial heterogeneities in soil properties. From our results, we concluded that (i) aboveground biomass of plants seems to be the main factor of corresponding phytogenic Si stock quantities, and (ii) a detection of biomass heterogeneities via UAS-based remote sensing represents a promising tool for the quantification of lifelike phytogenic Si pools at landscape scales.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HerreroThorntonMasonD'Crozetal.2020,
author = {Herrero, Mario and Thornton, Philip K. and Mason-D'Croz, Daniel and Palmer, Jeda and Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon and Pradhan, Prajal and Barrett, Christopher B. and Benton, Tim G. and Hall, Andrew and Pikaar, Ilje and Bogard, Jessica R. and Bonnett, Graham D. and Bryan, Brett A. and Campbell, Bruce M. and Christensen, Svend and Clark, Michael and Fanzo, Jessica and Godde, Cecile M. and Jarvis, Andy and Loboguerrero, Ana Maria and Mathys, Alexander and McIntyre, C. Lynne and Naylor, Rosamond L. and Nelson, Rebecca and Obersteiner, Michael and Parodi, Alejandro and Popp, Alexander and Ricketts, Katie and Smith, Pete and Valin, Hugo and Vermeulen, Sonja J. and Vervoort, Joost and van Wijk, Mark and van Zanten, Hannah H. E. and West, Paul C. and Wood, Stephen A. and Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan},
title = {Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals},
series = {The lancet Planetary health},
volume = {5},
journal = {The lancet Planetary health},
number = {1},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {2542-5196},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1},
pages = {E50 -- E62},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Rockstroem2022,
author = {Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan},
title = {Speeding up state-of-the-art assessments on global sustainability},
series = {Global sustainability},
volume = {5},
journal = {Global sustainability},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
address = {Cambridge},
issn = {2059-4798},
doi = {10.1017/sus.2022.1},
pages = {2},
year = {2022},
language = {en}
}
@article{FournierSteinerBrochetetal.2022,
author = {Fournier, Bertrand and Steiner, Magdalena and Brochet, Xavier and Degrune, Florine and Mammeri, Jibril and Carvalho, Diogo Leite and Siliceo, Sara Leal and Bacher, Sven and Pe{\~n}a-Reyes, Carlos Andr{\´e}s and Heger, Thierry Jean},
title = {Toward the use of protists as bioindicators of multiple stresses in agricultural soils},
series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
volume = {139},
journal = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1470-160X},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108955},
pages = {8},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Management of agricultural soil quality requires fast and cost-efficient methods to identify multiple stressors that can affect soil organisms and associated ecological processes. Here, we propose to use soil protists which have a great yet poorly explored potential for bioindication. They are ubiquitous, highly diverse, and respond to various stresses to agricultural soils caused by frequent management or environmental changes. We test an approach that combines metabarcoding data and machine learning algorithms to identify potential stressors of soil protist community composition and diversity. We measured 17 key variables that reflect various potential stresses on soil protists across 132 plots in 28 Swiss vineyards over 2 years. We identified the taxa showing strong responses to the selected soil variables (potential bioindicator taxa) and tested for their predictive power. Changes in protist taxa occurrence and, to a lesser extent, diversity metrics exhibited great predictive power for the considered soil variables. Soil copper concentration, moisture, pH, and basal respiration were the best predicted soil variables, suggesting that protists are particularly responsive to stresses caused by these variables. The most responsive taxa were found within the clades Rhizaria and Alveolata. Our results also reveal that a majority of the potential bioindicators identified in this study can be used across years, in different regions and across different grape varieties. Altogether, soil protist metabarcoding data combined with machine learning can help identifying specific abiotic stresses on microbial communities caused by agricultural management. Such an approach provides complementary information to existing soil monitoring tools that can help manage the impact of agricultural practices on soil biodiversity and quality.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SoergelKrieglerBodirskyetal.2021,
author = {Soergel, Bjoern and Kriegler, Elmar and Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon and Bauer, Nico and Leimbach, Marian and Popp, Alexander},
title = {Combining ambitious climate policies with efforts to eradicate poverty},
series = {Nature Communications},
volume = {12},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
address = {London},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-22315-9},
pages = {12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Climate change threatens to undermine efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. However, climate policies could impose a financial burden on the global poor through increased energy and food prices. Here, we project poverty rates until 2050 and assess how they are influenced by mitigation policies consistent with the 1.5 degrees C target. A continuation of historical trends will leave 350 million people globally in extreme poverty by 2030. Without progressive redistribution, climate policies would push an additional 50 million people into poverty. However, redistributing the national carbon pricing revenues domestically as an equal-per-capita climate dividend compensates this policy side effect, even leading to a small net reduction of the global poverty headcount (-6 million). An additional international climate finance scheme enables a substantial poverty reduction globally and also in Sub-Saharan Africa. Combining national redistribution with international climate finance thus provides an important entry point to climate policy in developing countries. Ambitious climate policies can negatively impact the global poor by affecting income, food and energy prices. Here, the authors quantify this effect, and show that it can be compensated by national redistribution of the carbon pricing revenues in combination with international climate finance.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchallerScherwietesGerberetal.2021,
author = {Schaller, J{\"o}rg and Scherwietes, Eric and Gerber, Lukas and Vaidya, Shrijana and Kaczorek, Danuta and Pausch, Johanna and Barkusky, Dietmar and Sommer, Michael and Hoffmann, Mathias},
title = {Silica fertilization improved wheat performance and increased phosphorus concentrations during drought at the field scale},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
address = {[London]},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00464-7},
pages = {12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Drought and the availability of mineable phosphorus minerals used for fertilization are two of the important issues agriculture is facing in the future. High phosphorus availability in soils is necessary to maintain high agricultural yields. Drought is one of the major threats for terrestrial ecosystem performance and crop production in future. Among the measures proposed to cope with the upcoming challenges of intensifying drought stress and to decrease the need for phosphorus fertilizer application is the fertilization with silica (Si). Here we tested the importance of soil Si fertilization on wheat phosphorus concentration as well as wheat performance during drought at the field scale. Our data clearly showed a higher soil moisture for the Si fertilized plots. This higher soil moisture contributes to a better plant performance in terms of higher photosynthetic activity and later senescence as well as faster stomata responses ensuring higher productivity during drought periods. The plant phosphorus concentration was also higher in Si fertilized compared to control plots. Overall, Si fertilization or management of the soil Si pools seem to be a promising tool to maintain crop production under predicted longer and more serve droughts in the future and reduces phosphorus fertilizer requirements.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KocPetrowThieken2020,
author = {Koc, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret},
title = {Analysis of the most severe flood events in Turkey (1960-2014)},
series = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
volume = {12},
journal = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
number = {6},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-4441},
doi = {10.3390/w12061562},
pages = {32},
year = {2020},
abstract = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KellermannSchroeterThiekenetal.2020,
author = {Kellermann, Patric and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Thieken, Annegret and Haubrock, S{\"o}ren-Nils and Kreibich, Heidi},
title = {The object-specific flood damage database HOWAS 21},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
volume = {20},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
number = {9},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-20-2503-2020},
pages = {2503 -- 2519},
year = {2020},
abstract = {The Flood Damage Database HOWAS 21 contains object-specific flood damage data resulting from fluvial, pluvial and groundwater flooding. The datasets incorporate various variables of flood hazard, exposure, vulnerability and direct tangible damage at properties from several economic sectors. The main purpose of development of HOWAS 21 was to support forensic flood analysis and the derivation of flood damage models. HOWAS 21 was first developed for Germany and currently almost exclusively contains datasets from Germany. However, its scope has recently been enlarged with the aim to serve as an international flood damage database; e.g. its web application is now available in German and English. This paper presents the recent advancements of HOWAS 21 and highlights exemplary analyses to demonstrate the use of HOWAS 21 flood damage data. The data applications indicate a large potential of the database for fostering a better understanding and estimation of the consequences of flooding.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GoetzKohrsParraHormazabaletal.2021,
author = {Goetz, Jason and Kohrs, Robin and Parra Hormaz{\´a}bal, Eric and Bustos Morales, Manuel and Araneda Riquelme, Mar{\´i}a Bel{\´e}n and Henr{\´i}quez Ruiz, Cristian and Brenning, Alexander},
title = {Optimizing and validating the Gravitational Process Path model for regional debris-flow runout modelling},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS / European Geophysical Society},
volume = {21},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS / European Geophysical Society},
number = {8},
publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
address = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2543-2021},
pages = {2543 -- 2562},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Knowing the source and runout of debris flows can help in planning strategies aimed at mitigating these hazards. Our research in this paper focuses on developing a novel approach for optimizing runout models for regional susceptibility modelling, with a case study in the upper Maipo River basin in the Andes of Santiago, Chile. We propose a two-stage optimization approach for automatically selecting parameters for estimating runout path and distance. This approach optimizes the random-walk and Perla et al.'s (PCM) two-parameter friction model components of the open-source Gravitational Process Path (GPP) modelling framework. To validate model performance, we assess the spatial transferability of the optimized runout model using spatial crossvalidation, including exploring the model's sensitivity to sample size. We also present diagnostic tools for visualizing uncertainties in parameter selection and model performance. Although there was considerable variation in optimal parameters for individual events, we found our runout modelling approach performed well at regional prediction of potential runout areas. We also found that although a relatively small sample size was sufficient to achieve generally good runout modelling performance, larger samples sizes (i.e. >= 80) had higher model performance and lower uncertainties for estimating runout distances at unknown locations. We anticipate that this automated approach using the open-source R software and the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses geographic information system (SAGA-GIS) will make process-based debris-flow models more readily accessible and thus enable researchers and spatial planners to improve regional-scale hazard assessments.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MuellerSchuelerZechetal.2022,
author = {M{\"u}ller, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ler, Lennart and Zech, Alraune and Heße, Falk},
title = {GSTools v1.3: a toolbox for geostatistical modelling in Python},
series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
volume = {15},
journal = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
number = {7},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1991-959X},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-15-3161-2022},
pages = {3161 -- 3182},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Geostatistics as a subfield of statistics accounts for the spatial correlations encountered in many applications of, for example, earth sciences. Valuable information can be extracted from these correlations, also helping to address the often encountered burden of data scarcity. Despite the value of additional data, the use of geostatistics still falls short of its potential. This problem is often connected to the lack of user-friendly software hampering the use and application of geostatistics. We therefore present GSTools, a Python-based software suite for solving a wide range of geostatistical problems. We chose Python due to its unique balance between usability, flexibility, and efficiency and due to its adoption in the scientific community. GSTools provides methods for generating random fields; it can perform kriging, variogram estimation and much more. We demonstrate its abilities by virtue of a series of example applications detailing their use.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BauerBoersigPhametal.2022,
author = {Bauer, Jonas and B{\"o}rsig, Nicolas and Pham, Van Cam and Hoan, Tran Viet and Nguyen, Ha Thi and Norra, Stefan},
title = {Geochemistry and evolution of groundwater resources in the context of salinization and freshening in the southernmost Mekong Delta, Vietnam},
series = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
volume = {40},
journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2214-5818},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101010},
pages = {17},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Study region: Ca Mau Province (CMP), Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. Study focus: Groundwater from deep aquifers is the most reliable source of freshwater in the MD but extensive overexploitation in the last decades led to the drop of hydraulic heads and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a comprehensive groundwater investigation was conducted to evaluate its composition in the context of Quaternary marine transgression and regression cycles, geochemical processes as well as groundwater extraction. New hydrological insights for the region: The abundance of groundwater of Na-HCO3 type and distinct ion ratios, such as Na+/Cl-, indicate extensive freshwater intrusion in an initially saline hydrogeological system, with decreasing intensity from upper Pleistocene to deeper Miocene aquifers, most likely during the last marine regression phase 60-12 ka BP. Deviations from the conservative mixing line between the two endmembers seawater and freshwater are attributed to ion-exchange processes on mineral surfaces, making ion ratios in combination with a customized water type analysis a useful tool to distinguish between salinization and freshening processes. Elevated salinity in some areas is attributed to HCO3- generation by organic matter decomposition in marine sediments rather than to seawater intrusion. Nevertheless, a few randomly distributed locations show strong evidence of recent salinization in an early stage, which may be caused by the downwards migration of saline Holocene groundwater through natural and anthropogenic pathways into deep aquifers.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FaireyTimmermanSudoetal.2019,
author = {Fairey, Brenton J. and Timmerman, Martin Jan and Sudo, Masafumi and Tsikos, Harilaos},
title = {The role of hydrothermal activity in the formation of Karst-hosted manganese deposits of the Postmasburg Mn Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa},
series = {Minerals},
volume = {9},
journal = {Minerals},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2075-163X},
doi = {10.3390/min9070408},
pages = {28},
year = {2019},
abstract = {The Postmasburg Manganese Field (PMF), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, once represented one of the largest sources of manganese ore worldwide. Two belts of manganese ore deposits have been distinguished in the PMF, namely the Western Belt of ferruginous manganese ores and the Eastern Belt of siliceous manganese ores. Prevailing models of ore formation in these two belts invoke karstification of manganese-rich dolomites and residual accumulation of manganese wad which later underwent diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic processes. For the most part, the role of hydrothermal processes and metasomatic alteration towards ore formation has not been adequately discussed. Here we report an abundance of common and some rare Al-, Na-, K- and Ba-bearing minerals, particularly aegirine, albite, microcline, banalsite, serandite-pectolite, paragonite and natrolite in Mn ores of the PMF, indicative of hydrothermal influence. Enrichments in Na, K and/or Ba in the ores are generally on a percentage level for most samples analysed through bulk-rock techniques. The presence of As-rich tokyoite also suggests the presence of As and V in the hydrothermal fluid. The fluid was likely oxidized and alkaline in nature, akin to a mature basinal brine. Various replacement textures, particularly of Na- and K- rich minerals by Ba-bearing phases, suggest sequential deposition of gangue as well as ore-minerals from the hydrothermal fluid, with Ba phases being deposited at a later stage. The stratigraphic variability of the studied ores and their deviation from the strict classification of ferruginous and siliceous ores in the literature, suggests that a re-evaluation of genetic models is warranted. New Ar-Ar ages for K-feldspars suggest a late Neoproterozoic timing for hydrothermal activity. This corroborates previous geochronological evidence for regional hydrothermal activity that affected Mn ores at the PMF but also, possibly, the high-grade Mn ores of the Kalahari Manganese Field to the north. A revised, all-encompassing model for the development of the manganese deposits of the PMF is then proposed, whereby the source of metals is attributed to underlying carbonate rocks beyond the Reivilo Formation of the Campbellrand Subgroup. The main process by which metals are primarily accumulated is attributed to karstification of the dolomitic substrate. The overlying Asbestos Hills Subgroup banded iron formation (BIF) is suggested as a potential source of alkali metals, which also provides a mechanism for leaching of these BIFs to form high-grade residual iron ore deposits.},
language = {en}
}
@article{NeugartWiesnerReinholdFredeetal.2018,
author = {Neugart, Susanne and Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie and Frede, Katja and Jander, Elisabeth and Homann, Thomas and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne},
title = {Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis},
series = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS},
volume = {9},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-462X},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2018.00305},
pages = {13},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).},
language = {en}
}
@article{JobeLiBookhagenetal.2018,
author = {Jobe, Jessica Ann Thompson and Li, Tao and Bookhagen, Bodo and Chen, Jie and Burbank, Douglas W.},
title = {Dating growth strata and basin fill by combining Al-26/Be-10 burial dating and magnetostratigraphy},
series = {Lithosphere},
volume = {10},
journal = {Lithosphere},
number = {6},
publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
address = {Boulder},
issn = {1941-8264},
doi = {10.1130/L727.1},
pages = {806 -- 828},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Cosmogenic burial dating enables dating of coarse-grained, Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary units that are typically difficult to date with traditional methods, such as magnetostratigraphy. In the actively deforming western Tarim Basin in NW China, Pliocene-Pleistocene conglomerates were dated at eight sites, integrating Al-26/Be-10 burial dating with previously published magnetostratigraphic sections. These samples were collected from growth strata on the flanks of growing folds and from sedimentary units beneath active faults to place timing constraints on the initiation of deformation of structures within the basin and on shortening rates on active faults. These new basin-fill and growthstrata ages document the late Neogene and Quaternary growth of the Pamir and Tian Shan orogens between >5 and 1 Ma and delineate the eastward propagation of deformation at rates up to 115 km/m.y. and basinward growth of both mountain belts at rates up to 12 km/m.y.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PuppeLeueSommeretal.2022,
author = {Puppe, Daniel and Leue, Martin and Sommer, Michael and Schaller, J{\"o}rg and Kaczorek, Danuta},
title = {Auto-fluorescence in phytoliths},
series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
volume = {10},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-665X},
doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.915947},
pages = {14},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The detection of auto-fluorescence in phytogenic, hydrated amorphous silica depositions (phytoliths) has been found to be a promising approach to verify if phytoliths were burnt or not, especially in archaeological contexts. However, it is unknown so far at what temperature and how auto-fluorescence is induced in phytoliths. We used fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze auto-fluorescence in modern phytoliths extracted from plant samples or in intact leaves of winter wheat. Leaves and extracted phytoliths were heated at different temperatures up to 600 degrees C. The aims of our experiments were i) to find out what temperature is needed to induce auto-fluorescence in phytoliths, ii) to detect temperature-dependent changes in the molecular structure of phytoliths related to auto-fluorescence, and iii) to derive a mechanistic understanding of auto-fluorescence in phytoliths. We found organic compounds associated with phytoliths to cause auto-fluorescence in phytoliths treated at temperatures below approx. 400 degrees C. In phytoliths treated at higher temperatures, i.e., 450 and 600 degrees C, phytolith auto-fluorescence was mainly caused by molecular changes of phytolith silica. Based on our results we propose that auto-fluorescence in phytoliths is caused by clusterization-triggered emissions, which are caused by overlapping electron clouds forming non-conventional chromophores. In phytoliths heated at temperatures above about 400 degrees C dihydroxylation and the formation of siloxanes result in oxygen clusters that serve as non-conventional chromophores in fluorescence events. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analyses revealed that extractable phytoliths were dominated by lumen phytoliths (62\%) compared to cell wall phytoliths (38\%). Our findings might be not only relevant in archaeological phytolith-based examinations, but also for studies on the temperature-dependent release of silicon from phytoliths and the potential of long-term carbon sequestration in phytoliths.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtNendelFunketal.2019,
author = {Schmidt, Martin and Nendel, Claas and Funk, Roger and Mitchell, Matthew G. E. and Lischeid, Gunnar},
title = {Modeling Yields Response to Shading in the Field-to-Forest Transition Zones in Heterogeneous Landscapes},
series = {Agriculture},
volume = {9},
journal = {Agriculture},
number = {1},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2077-0472},
doi = {10.3390/agriculture9010006},
pages = {15},
year = {2019},
abstract = {In crop modeling and yield predictions, the heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes is usually not accounted for. This heterogeneity often arises from landscape elements like forests, hedges, or single trees and shrubs that cast shadows. Shading from forested areas or shrubs has effects on transpiration, temperature, and soil moisture, all of which affect the crop yield in the adjacent arable land. Transitional gradients of solar irradiance can be described as a function of the distance to the zero line (edge), the cardinal direction, and the height of trees. The magnitude of yield reduction in transition zones is highly influenced by solar irradiance-a factor that is not yet implemented in crop growth models on a landscape level. We present a spatially explicit model for shading caused by forested areas, in agricultural landscapes. With increasing distance to forest, solar irradiance and yield increase. Our model predicts that the shading effect from the forested areas occurs up to 15 m from the forest edge, for the simulated wheat yields, and up to 30 m, for simulated maize. Moreover, we estimated the spatial extent of transition zones, to calculate the regional yield reduction caused by shading of the forest edges, which amounted to 5\% to 8\% in an exemplary region.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WengLuedekeZempetal.2018,
author = {Weng, Wei and L{\"u}deke, Matthias K. B. and Zemp, Delphine Clara and Lakes, Tobia and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
title = {Aerial and surface rivers},
series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
volume = {22},
journal = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
number = {1},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1027-5606},
doi = {10.5194/hess-22-911-2018},
pages = {911 -- 927},
year = {2018},
abstract = {The abundant evapotranspiration provided by the Amazon forests is an important component of the hydrological cycle, both regionally and globally. Since the last century, deforestation and expanding agricultural activities have been changing the ecosystem and its provision of moisture to the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain how the ongoing land use change will influence rainfall, runoff, and water availability as findings from previous studies differ. Using moisture tracking experiments based on observational data, we provide a spatially detailed analysis recognizing potential teleconnection between source and sink regions of atmospheric moisture. We apply land use scenarios in upwind moisture sources and quantify the corresponding rainfall and runoff changes in downwind moisture sinks. We find spatially varying responses of water regimes to land use changes, which may explain the diverse results from previous studies. Parts of the Peruvian Amazon and western Bolivia are identified as the sink areas most sensitive to land use change in the Amazon and we highlight the current water stress by Amazonian land use change on these areas in terms of the water availability. Furthermore, we also identify the influential source areas where land use change may considerably reduce a given target sink's water reception (from our example of the Ucayali River basin outlet, rainfall by 5-12 \% and runoff by 19-50 \% according to scenarios). Sensitive sinks and influential sources are therefore suggested as hotspots for achieving sustainable land-water management.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PradhanKropp2020,
author = {Pradhan, Prajal and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
title = {Interplay between diets, health, and climate change},
series = {Sustainability},
volume = {12},
journal = {Sustainability},
number = {9},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2071-1050},
doi = {10.3390/su12093878},
pages = {14},
year = {2020},
abstract = {The world is facing a triple burden of undernourishment, obesity, and environmental impacts from agriculture while nourishing its population. This burden makes sustainable nourishment of the growing population a global challenge. Addressing this challenge requires an understanding of the interplay between diets, health, and associated environmental impacts (e.g., climate change). For this, we identify 11 typical diets that represent dietary habits worldwide for the last five decades. Plant-source foods provide most of all three macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) in developing countries. In contrast, animal-source foods provide a majority of protein and fat in developed ones. The identified diets deviate from the recommended healthy diet with either too much (e.g., red meat) or too little (e.g., fruits and vegetables) food and nutrition supply. The total calorie supplies are lower than required for two diets. Sugar consumption is higher than recommended for five diets. Three and five diets consist of larger-than-recommended carbohydrate and fat shares, respectively. Four diets with a large share of animal-source foods exceed the recommended value of red meat. Only two diets consist of at least 400 gm/cap/day of fruits and vegetables while accounting for food waste. Prevalence of undernourishment and underweight dominates in the diets with lower calories. In comparison, a higher prevalence of obesity is observed for diets with higher calories with high shares of sugar, fat, and animal-source foods. However, embodied emissions in the diets do not show a clear relation with calorie supplies and compositions. Two high-calorie diets embody more than 1.5 t CO2eq/cap/yr, and two low-calorie diets embody around 1 t CO2eq/cap/yr. Our analysis highlights that sustainable and healthy diets can serve the purposes of both nourishing the population and, at the same time, reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KrummenauerCostaPrahletal.2021,
author = {Krummenauer, Linda and Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Prahl, Boris F. and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
title = {Future heat adaptation and exposure among urban populations and why a prospering economy alone won't save us},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-99757-0},
pages = {14},
year = {2021},
abstract = {When inferring on the magnitude of future heat-related mortality due to climate change, human adaptation to heat should be accounted for. We model long-term changes in minimum mortality temperatures (MMT), a well-established metric denoting the lowest risk of heat-related mortality, as a function of climate change and socio-economic progress across 3820 cities. Depending on the combination of climate trajectories and socio-economic pathways evaluated, by 2100 the risk to human health is expected to decline in 60\% to 80\% of the cities against contemporary conditions. This is caused by an average global increase in MMTs driven by long-term human acclimatisation to future climatic conditions and economic development of countries. While our adaptation model suggests that negative effects on health from global warming can broadly be kept in check, the trade-offs are highly contingent to the scenario path and location-specific. For high-forcing climate scenarios (e.g. RCP8.5) the maintenance of uninterrupted high economic growth by 2100 is a hard requirement to increase MMTs and level-off the negative health effects from additional scenario-driven heat exposure. Choosing a 2 degrees C-compatible climate trajectory alleviates the dependence on fast growth, leaving room for a sustainable economy, and leads to higher reductions of mortality risk.},
language = {en}
}
@article{AtharePradhanSinghetal.2022,
author = {Athare, Tushar Ramchandra and Pradhan, Prajal and Singh, S. R. K. and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
title = {India consists of multiple food systems with scoioeconomic and environmental variations},
series = {PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science},
volume = {17},
journal = {PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science},
number = {8},
publisher = {PLoS},
address = {San Fransisco},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270342},
pages = {18},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Agriculture in India accounts for 18\% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uses significant land and water. Various socioeconomic factors and food subsidies influence diets in India. Indian food systems face the challenge of sustainably nourishing the 1.3 billion population. However, existing studies focus on a few food system components, and holistic analysis is still missing. We identify Indian food systems covering six food system components: food consumption, production, processing, policy, environmental footprints, and socioeconomic factors from the latest Indian household consumer expenditure survey. We identify 10 Indian food systems using k-means cluster analysis on 15 food system indicators belonging to the six components. Based on the major source of calorie intake, we classify the ten food systems into production-based (3), subsidy-based (3), and market-based (4) food systems. Home-produced and subsidized food contribute up to 2000 kcal/consumer unit (CU)/day and 1651 kcal/CU/day, respectively, in these food systems. The calorie intake of 2158 to 3530 kcal/CU/day in the food systems reveals issues of malnutrition in India. Environmental footprints are commensurate with calorie intake in the food systems. Embodied GHG, land footprint, and water footprint estimates range from 1.30 to 2.19 kg CO(2)eq/CU/day, 3.89 to 6.04 m(2)/CU/day, and 2.02 to 3.16 m(3)/CU/day, respectively. Our study provides a holistic understanding of Indian food systems for targeted nutritional interventions on household malnutrition in India while also protecting planetary health.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KhuranaHesseKleidonHildebrandtetal.2022,
author = {Khurana, Swamini and Hesse, Falk and Kleidon-Hildebrandt, Anke and Thullner, Martin},
title = {Should we worry about surficial dynamics when assessing nutrient cycling in the groundwater?},
series = {Frontiers in water},
volume = {4},
journal = {Frontiers in water},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2624-9375},
doi = {10.3389/frwa.2022.780297},
pages = {17},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The fluxes of water and solutes in the subsurface compartment of the Critical Zone are temporally dynamic and it is unclear how this impacts microbial mediated nutrient cycling in the spatially heterogeneous subsurface. To investigate this, we undertook numerical modeling, simulating the transport in a wide range of spatially heterogeneous domains, and the biogeochemical transformation of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds using a complex microbial community with four (4) distinct functional groups, in water saturated subsurface compartments. We performed a comprehensive uncertainty analysis accounting for varying residence times and spatial heterogeneity. While the aggregated removal of chemical species in the domains over the entire simulation period was approximately the same as that in steady state conditions, the sub-scale temporal variation of microbial biomass and chemical discharge from a domain depended strongly on the interplay of spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of the forcing. We showed that the travel time and the Damkohler number (Da) can be used to predict the temporally varying chemical discharge from a spatially heterogeneous domain. In homogeneous domains, chemical discharge in temporally dynamic conditions could be double of that in the steady state conditions while microbial biomass varied up to 75\% of that in steady state conditions. In heterogeneous domains, the interquartile range of uncertainty in chemical discharge in reaction dominated systems (log(10)Da > 0) was double of that in steady state conditions. However, high heterogeneous domains resulted in outliers where chemical discharge could be as high as 10-20 times of that in steady state conditions in high flow periods. And in transport dominated systems (log(10)Da < 0), the chemical discharge could be half of that in steady state conditions in unusually low flow conditions. In conclusion, ignoring spatio-temporal heterogeneities in a numerical modeling approach may exacerbate inaccurate estimation of nutrient export and microbial biomass. The results are relevant to long-term field monitoring studies, and for homogeneous soil column-scale experiments investigating the role of temporal dynamics on microbial redox dynamics.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchneidemesserSibiyaCaseiroetal.2021,
author = {Schneidemesser, Erika von and Sibiya, Bheki and Caseiro, Alexandre and Butler, Tim and Lawrence, Mark and Leitao, Joana and Lupa{\c{s}}cu, Aura and Salvador, Pedro},
title = {Learning from the COVID-19 lockdown in Berlin},
series = {Atmospheric environment: X},
volume = {12},
journal = {Atmospheric environment: X},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2590-1621},
doi = {10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100122},
pages = {13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Urban air pollution is a substantial threat to human health. Traffic emissions remain a large contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The mobility restrictions put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a large-scale real-world experiment that allows for the evaluation of changes in traffic emissions and the corresponding changes in air quality. Here we use observational data, as well as modelling, to analyse changes in nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter resulting from the COVID-19 restrictions at the height of the lockdown period in Spring of 2020. Accounting for the influence of meteorology on air quality, we found that reduction of ca. 30-50 \% in traffic counts, dominated by changes in passenger cars, corresponded to reductions in median observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations of ca. 40 \% (traffic and urban background locations) and a ca. 22 \% increase in ozone (urban background locations) during weekdays. Lesser reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations were observed at urban background stations at weekends, and no change in ozone was observed. The modelled reductions in median nitrogen dioxide at urban background locations were smaller than the observed reductions and the change was not significant. The model results showed no significant change in ozone on weekdays or weekends. The lack of a simulated weekday/weekend effect is consistent with previous work suggesting that NOx emissions from traffic could be significantly underestimated in European cities by models. These results indicate the potential for improvements in air quality due to policies for reducing traffic, along with the scale of reductions that would be needed to result in meaningful changes in air quality if a transition to sustainable mobility is to be seriously considered. They also confirm once more the highly relevant role of traffic for air quality in urban areas.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FreymarkBottCacaceetal.2019,
author = {Freymark, Jessica and Bott, Judith and Cacace, Mauro and Ziegler, Moritz 0. and Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena},
title = {Influence of the Main Border Faults on the 3D Hydraulic Field of the Central Upper Rhine Graben},
series = {Geofluids},
journal = {Geofluids},
publisher = {Wiley-Hindawi},
address = {London},
issn = {1468-8115},
doi = {10.1155/2019/7520714},
pages = {21},
year = {2019},
abstract = {The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is an active rift with a high geothermal potential. Despite being a well-studied area, the three-dimensional interaction of the main controlling factors of the thermal and hydraulic regime is still not fully understood. Therefore, we have used a data-based 3D structural model of the lithological configuration of the central URG for some conceptual numerical experiments of 3D coupled simulations of fluid and heat transport. To assess the influence of the main faults bordering the graben on the hydraulic and the deep thermal field, we carried out a sensitivity analysis on fault width and permeability. Depending on the assigned width and permeability of the main border faults, fluid velocity and temperatures are affected only in the direct proximity of the respective border faults. Hence, the hydraulic characteristics of these major faults do not significantly influence the graben-wide groundwater flow patterns. Instead, the different scenarios tested provide a consistent image of the main characteristics of fluid and heat transport as they have in common: (1) a topography-driven basin-wide fluid flow perpendicular to the rift axis from the graben shoulders to the rift center, (2) a N/NE-directed flow parallel to the rift axis in the center of the rift and, (3) a pronounced upflow of hot fluids along the rift central axis, where the streams from both sides of the rift merge. This upflow axis is predicted to occur predominantly in the center of the URG (northern and southern model area) and shifted towards the eastern boundary fault (central model area).},
language = {en}
}
@article{SiegmundPanebiancoAvecillaetal.2022,
author = {Siegmund, Nicole and Panebianco, Juan E. and Avecilla, Fernando and Iturri, Laura Antonela and Sommer, Michael and Buschiazzo, Daniel and Funk, Roger},
title = {From gustiness to dustiness},
series = {Atmosphere},
volume = {13},
journal = {Atmosphere},
number = {8},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2073-4433},
doi = {10.3390/atmos13081173},
pages = {14},
year = {2022},
abstract = {This study delivers the first empirical data-driven analysis of the impact of turbulence induced gustiness on the fine dust emissions from a measuring field. For quantification of the gust impact, a new measure, the Gust uptake Efficiency (GuE) is introduced. GuE provides a percentage of over- or under-proportional dust uptake due to gust activity during a wind event. For the three analyzed wind events, GuE values of up to 150\% could be found, yet they significantly differed per particle size class with a tendency for lower values for smaller particles. In addition, a high-resolution correlation analysis among 31 particle size classes and wind speed was conducted; it revealed strong negative correlation coefficients for very small particles and positive correlations for bigger particles, where 5 mu m appears to be an empirical threshold dividing both directions. We conclude with a number of suggestions for further investigations: an optimized field experiment setup, a new particle size ratio (PM1/PM0.5 in addition to PM10/PM2.5), as well as a comprehensive data-driven search for an optimal wind gust definition in terms of soil erosivity.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FrielerSchaubergerArnethetal.2017,
author = {Frieler, Katja and Schauberger, Bernhard and Arneth, Almut and Balkovic, Juraj and Chryssanthacopoulos, James and Deryng, Delphine and Elliott, Joshua and Folberth, Christian and Khabarov, Nikolay and M{\"u}ller, Christoph and Olin, Stefan and Pugh, Thomas A. M. and Schaphoff, Sibyll and Schewe, Jacob and Schmid, Erwin and Warszawski, Lila and Levermann, Anders},
title = {Understanding the weather signal in national crop-yield variability},
series = {Earths future},
volume = {5},
journal = {Earths future},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {2328-4277},
doi = {10.1002/2016EF000525},
pages = {605 -- 616},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Year-to-year variations in crop yields can have major impacts on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and may trigger significant global price fluctuations, with severe consequences for people in developing countries. Fluctuations can be induced by weather conditions, management decisions, weeds, diseases, and pests. Although an explicit quantification and deeper understanding of weather-induced crop-yield variability is essential for adaptation strategies, so far it has only been addressed by empirical models. Here, we provide conservative estimates of the fraction of reported national yield variabilities that can be attributed to weather by state-of-the-art, process-based crop model simulations. We find that observed weather variations can explain more than 50\% of the variability in wheat yields in Australia, Canada, Spain, Hungary, and Romania. For maize, weather sensitivities exceed 50\% in seven countries, including the United States. The explained variance exceeds 50\% for rice in Japan and South Korea and for soy in Argentina. Avoiding water stress by simulating yields assuming full irrigation shows that water limitation is a major driver of the observed variations in most of these countries. Identifying the mechanisms leading to crop-yield fluctuations is not only fundamental for dampening fluctuations, but is also important in the context of the debate on the attribution of loss and damage to climate change. Since process-based crop models not only account for weather influences on crop yields, but also provide options to represent human-management measures, they could become essential tools for differentiating these drivers, and for exploring options to reduce future yield fluctuations.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchallerPuppeKaczoreketal.2021,
author = {Schaller, J{\"o}rg and Puppe, Daniel and Kaczorek, Danuta and Ellerbrock, Ruth and Sommer, Michael},
title = {Silicon cycling in soils revisited},
series = {Plants : open access journal},
volume = {10},
journal = {Plants : open access journal},
number = {2},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2223-7747},
doi = {10.3390/plants10020295},
pages = {33},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Silicon (Si) speciation and availability in soils is highly important for ecosystem functioning, because Si is a beneficial element for plant growth. Si chemistry is highly complex compared to other elements in soils, because Si reaction rates are relatively slow and dependent on Si species. Consequently, we review the occurrence of different Si species in soil solution and their changes by polymerization, depolymerization, and condensation in relation to important soil processes. We show that an argumentation based on thermodynamic endmembers of Si dependent processes, as currently done, is often difficult, because some reactions such as mineral crystallization require months to years (sometimes even centuries or millennia). Furthermore, we give an overview of Si reactions in soil solution and the predominance of certain solid compounds, which is a neglected but important parameter controlling the availability, reactivity, and function of Si in soils. We further discuss the drivers of soil Si cycling and how humans interfere with these processes. The soil Si cycle is of major importance for ecosystem functioning; therefore, a deeper understanding of drivers of Si cycling (e.g., predominant speciation), human disturbances and the implication for important soil properties (water storage, nutrient availability, and micro aggregate stability) is of fundamental relevance.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HoanRichterBorsigetal.2022,
author = {Hoan, Tran Viet and Richter, Karl-Gerd and Borsig, Nicolas and Bauer, Jonas and Ha, Nguyen Thi and Norra, Stefan},
title = {An improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary-formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam},
series = {Hydrology : open access journal},
volume = {9},
journal = {Hydrology : open access journal},
number = {4},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2306-5338},
doi = {10.3390/hydrology9040061},
pages = {20},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39\% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m(3)/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp(2-3)) and the middle Pliocene (n(2)(2)), accounting for 63.7\% and 24.6\%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35\% and 0.02\%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp(2-3) and n(2)(2), the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).},
language = {en}
}
@article{ReineckeTrautmannWageneretal.2022,
author = {Reinecke, Robert and Trautmann, Tim and Wagener, Thorsten and Sch{\"u}ler, Katja},
title = {The critical need to foster computational reproducibility},
series = {Environmental research letters},
volume = {17},
journal = {Environmental research letters},
number = {4},
publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
address = {Bristol},
issn = {1748-9326},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac5cf8},
pages = {5},
year = {2022},
language = {en}
}
@article{DidovetsKrysanovaBuergeretal.2019,
author = {Didovets, Iulii and Krysanova, Valentina and B{\"u}rger, Gerd and Snizhko, Sergiy and Balabukh, Vira and Bronstert, Axel},
title = {Climate change impact on regional floods in the Carpathian region},
series = {Journal of hydrology : Regional studies},
volume = {22},
journal = {Journal of hydrology : Regional studies},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2214-5818},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.01.002},
pages = {14},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Study region: Tisza and Prut catchments, originating on the slopes of the Carpathian mountains. Study focus: The study reported here investigates (i) climate change impacts on flood risk in the region, and (ii) uncertainty related to hydrological modelling, downscaling techniques and climate projections. The climate projections used in the study were derived from five GCMs, downscaled either dynamically with RCMs or with the statistical downscaling model XDS. The resulting climate change scenarios were applied to drive the eco-hydrological model SWIM, which was calibrated and validated for the catchments in advance using observed climate and hydrological data. The changes in the 30-year flood hazards and 98 and 95 percentiles of discharge were evaluated for the far future period (2071-2100) in comparison with the reference period (1981-2010). New hydrological insights for the region: The majority of model outputs under RCP 4.5 show a small to strong increase of the 30-year flood level in the Tisza ranging from 4.5\% to 62\%, and moderate increase in the Prut ranging from 11\% to 22\%. The impact results under RCP 8.5 are more uncertain with changes in both directions due to high uncertainties in GCM-RCM climate projections, downscaling methods and the low density of available climate stations.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MtilatilaBronstertShresthaetal.2020,
author = {Mtilatila, Lucy Mphatso Ng'ombe and Bronstert, Axel and Shrestha, Pallav and Kadewere, Peter and Vormoor, Klaus Josef},
title = {Susceptibility of water resources and hydropower production to climate change in the tropics},
series = {Hydrology : open access journal},
volume = {7},
journal = {Hydrology : open access journal},
number = {3},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2306-5338},
doi = {10.3390/hydrology7030054},
pages = {26},
year = {2020},
abstract = {The sensitivity of key hydrologic variables and hydropower generation to climate change in the Lake Malawi and Shire River basins is assessed. The study adapts the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM) which is applied separately in the Upper Lake Malawi and Shire River basins. A particular Lake Malawi model, which focuses on reservoir routing and lake water balance, has been developed and is interlinked between the two basins. Climate change projections from 20 Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) models for Africa based on two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the periods 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 are used. An annual temperature increase of 1 degrees C decreases mean lake level and outflow by 0.3 m and 17\%, respectively, signifying the importance of intensified evaporation for Lake Malawi's water budget. Meanwhile, a +5\% (-5\%) deviation in annual rainfall changes mean lake level by +0.7 m (-0.6 m). The combined effects of temperature increase and rainfall decrease result in significantly lower flows in the Shire River. The hydrological river regime may change from perennial to seasonal with the combination of annual temperature increase and precipitation decrease beyond 1.5 degrees C (3.5 degrees C) and -20\% (-15\%). The study further projects a reduction in annual hydropower production between 1\% (RCP8.5) and 2.5\% (RCP4.5) during 2021-2050 and between 5\% (RCP4.5) and 24\% (RCP8.5) during 2071-2100. The results show that it is of great importance that a further development of hydro energy on the Shire River should take into account the effects of climate change, e.g., longer low flow periods and/or higher discharge fluctuations, and thus uncertainty in the amount of electricity produced.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RottlerFranckeBuergeretal.2020,
author = {Rottler, Erwin and Francke, Till and B{\"u}rger, Gerd and Bronstert, Axel},
title = {Long-term changes in central European river discharge for 1869-2016},
series = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {24},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
number = {4},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1027-5606},
doi = {10.5194/hess-24-1721-2020},
pages = {1721 -- 1740},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Recent climatic changes have the potential to severely alter river runoff, particularly in snow-dominated river basins. Effects of changing snow covers superimpose with changes in precipitation and anthropogenic modifications of the watershed and river network. In the attempt to identify and disentangle long-term effects of different mechanisms, we employ a set of analytical tools to extract long-term changes in river runoff at high resolution. We combine quantile sampling with moving average trend statistics and empirical mode decomposition and apply these tools to discharge data recorded along rivers with nival, pluvial and mixed flow regimes as well as temperature and precipitation data covering the time frame 1869-2016. With a focus on central Europe, we analyse the long-term impact of snow cover and precipitation changes along with their interaction with reservoir constructions. Our results show that runoff seasonality of snow-dominated rivers decreases. Runoff increases in winter and spring, while discharge decreases in summer and at the beginning of autumn. We attribute this redistribution of annual flow mainly to reservoir constructions in the Alpine ridge. During the course of the last century, large fractions of the Alpine rivers were dammed to produce hydropower. In recent decades, runoff changes induced by reservoir constructions seem to overlap with changes in snow cover. We suggest that Alpine signals propagate downstream and affect runoff far outside the Alpine area in river segments with mixed flow regimes. Furthermore, our results hint at more (intense) rain-fall in recent decades. Detected increases in high discharge can be traced back to corresponding changes in precipitation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BryantMcGrathBoudreault2022,
author = {Bryant, Seth and McGrath, Heather and Boudreault, Mathieu},
title = {Gridded flood depth estimates from satellite-derived inundations},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
volume = {22},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
number = {4},
publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
address = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-22-1437-2022},
pages = {1437 -- 1450},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Canada's RADARSAT missions improve the potential to study past flood events; however, existing tools to derive flood depths from this remote-sensing data do not correct for errors, leading to poor estimates. To provide more accurate gridded depth estimates of historical flooding, a new tool is proposed that integrates Height Above Nearest Drainage and Cost Allocation algorithms. This tool is tested against two trusted, hydraulically derived, gridded depths of recent floods in Canada. This validation shows the proposed tool outperforms existing tools and can provide more accurate estimates from minimal data without the need for complex physics-based models or expert judgement. With improvements in remote-sensing data, the tool proposed here can provide flood researchers and emergency managers accurate depths in near-real time.},
language = {en}
}
@article{VogelPatonAichetal.2021,
author = {Vogel, Johannes and Paton, Eva and Aich, Valentin and Bronstert, Axel},
title = {Increasing compound warm spells and droughts in the Mediterranean Basin},
series = {Weather and climate extremes},
volume = {32},
journal = {Weather and climate extremes},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2212-0947},
doi = {10.1016/j.wace.2021.100312},
pages = {14},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The co-occurrence of warm spells and droughts can lead to detrimental socio-economic and ecological impacts, largely surpassing the impacts of either warm spells or droughts alone. We quantify changes in the number of compound warm spells and droughts from 1979 to 2018 in the Mediterranean Basin using the ERA5 data set. We analyse two types of compound events: 1) warm season compound events, which are extreme in absolute terms in the warm season from May to October and 2) year-round deseasonalised compound events, which are extreme in relative terms respective to the time of the year. The number of compound events increases significantly and especially warm spells are increasing strongly - with an annual growth rates of 3.9 (3.5) \% for warm season (deseasonalised) compound events and 4.6 (4.4) \% for warm spells -, whereas for droughts the change is more ambiguous depending on the applied definition. Therefore, the rise in the number of compound events is primarily driven by temperature changes and not the lack of precipitation. The months July and August show the highest increases in warm season compound events, whereas the highest increases of deseasonalised compound events occur in spring and early summer. This increase in deseasonalised compound events can potentially have a significant impact on the functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems as this is the peak phase of ecosystem productivity and a vital phenophase.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuergerPfisterBronstert2021,
author = {B{\"u}rger, Gerd and Pfister, Angela and Bronstert, Axel},
title = {Zunehmende Starkregenintensit{\"a}ten als Folge der Klimaerw{\"a}rmung},
series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung : HyWa = Hydrology and water resources management, Germany / Hrsg.: Fachverwaltungen des Bundes und der L{\"a}nder},
volume = {65},
journal = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung : HyWa = Hydrology and water resources management, Germany / Hrsg.: Fachverwaltungen des Bundes und der L{\"a}nder},
number = {6},
publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
address = {Koblenz},
issn = {1439-1783},
doi = {10.5675/HyWa_2021.6_1},
pages = {262 -- 271},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Extreme rainfall events of short duration in the range of hours and below are increasingly coming into focus due to the resulting damage from flash floods and also due to their possible intensification by anthropogenic climate change. The current study investigates possible trends in heavy rainfall intensities for stations from Swiss and Austrian alpine regions as well as for the Emscher-Lippe area in North Rhine-Westphalia on the basis of partly very long (> 50 years) and temporally highly resolved time series (<= 15 minutes). It becomes clear that there is an increase in extreme rainfall intensities, which can be well explained by the warming of the regional climate: the analyses of long-term trends in exceedance counts and return levels show considerable uncertainties, but are in the order of 30 \% increase per century. In addition, based on an "average" climate simulation for the 21st century, this paper describes a projection for extreme precipitation intensities at very high temporal resolution for a number of stations in the Emscher-Lippe region. A coupled spatial and temporal "downscaling" is applied, the key innovation of which is the consideration of the dependence of local rainfall intensity on air temperature. This procedure involves two steps: First, large-scale climate fields at daily resolution are statistically linked by regression to station temperature and precipitation values (spatial downscaling). In the second step, these station values are disaggregated to a temporal resolution of 10 minutes using a so-called multiplicative stochastic cascade model (MC) (temporal downscaling). The novel, temperature-sensitive variant additionally considers air temperature as an explanatory variable for precipitation intensities. Thus, the higher atmospheric moisture content expected with warming, which results from the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relationship, is included in the temporal downscaling.
For the statistical evaluation of the extreme short-term precipitation, the upper quantiles (99.9 \%), exceedance counts (P > 5mm), and 3-yr return levels of the <= 15-min duration step has been used. Only by adding temperature is the observed temperature observed of the extreme quantiles ("CC scaling") well reproduced. When comparing observed data and present-day simulations of the model cascade, the temperature-sensitive procedure shows consistent results. Compared to trends in recent decades, similar or even larger increases in extreme intensities are projected for the future. This is remarkable in that these appear to be driven primarily by local temperature, as the projected trends in daily precipitation values are negligible for this region.},
language = {de}
}
@article{vonSpechtOeztuerkVehetal.2019,
author = {von Specht, Sebastian and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Veh, Georg and Cotton, Fabrice and Korup, Oliver},
title = {Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering},
series = {Solid earth},
volume = {10},
journal = {Solid earth},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1869-9510},
doi = {10.5194/se-10-463-2019},
pages = {463 -- 486},
year = {2019},
abstract = {The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wave field surrounding the fault. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M-w 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1500 earthquake-triggered landslides as a function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides were more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest-northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, the median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors sufficiently explains the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide head scarps have an elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground-motion model (GMM) that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and we demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern is consistent with the overall landslide distribution. Its spatial pattern is influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies < 2 Hz. This azimuth dependence implies that comparable landslide concentrations can occur at different distances from the rupture. This quantitative link between the prevalent landslide aspect and the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern can improve coseismic landslide hazard assessment.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RitterAngelesBurgosBoeckmannetal.2018,
author = {Ritter, Christoph and {\´A}ngeles Burgos, Mar{\´i}a and B{\"o}ckmann, Christine and Mateos, David and Lisok, Justyna and Markowicz, Krzysztof M. and Moroni, Beatrice and Cappelletti, David and Udisti, Roberto and Maturilli, Marion and Neuber, Roland},
title = {Microphysical properties and radiative impact of an intense biomass burning aerosol event measured over Ny-angstrom lesund, Spitsbergen in July 2015},
series = {Tellus - Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology},
volume = {70},
journal = {Tellus - Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1600-0889},
doi = {10.1080/16000889.2018.1539618},
pages = {23},
year = {2018},
abstract = {In this work, an evaluation of an intense biomass burning event observed over Ny-angstrom lesund (Spitsbergen, European Arctic) in July 2015 is presented. Data from the multi-wavelengths Raman-lidar KARL, a sun photometer and radiosonde measurements are used to derive some microphysical properties of the biomass burning aerosol as size distribution, refractive index and single scattering albedo at different relative humidities. Predominantly particles in the accumulation mode have been found with a bi-modal distribution and dominance of the smaller mode. Above 80\% relative humidity, hygroscopic growth in terms of an increase of particle diameter and a slight decrease of the index of refraction (real and imaginary part) has been found. Values of the single scattering albedo around 0.9 both at 355nm and 532nm indicate some absorption by the aerosol. Values of the lidar ratio are around 26sr for 355nm and around 50sr for 532nm, almost independent of the relative humidity. Further, data from the photometer and surface radiation values from the local baseline surface radiation network (BSRN) have been applied to derive the radiative impact of the biomass burning event purely from observational data by comparison with a clear background day. We found a strong cooling for the visible radiation and a slight warming in the infra-red. The net aerosol forcing, derived by comparison with a clear background day purely from observational data, obtained a value of -95 W/m(2) per unit AOD500.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SairamBrillSiegetal.2021,
author = {Sairam, Nivedita and Brill, Fabio Alexander and Sieg, Tobias and Farrag, Mostafa and Kellermann, Patric and Viet Dung Nguyen, and L{\"u}dtke, Stefan and Merz, Bruno and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Kreibich, Heidi},
title = {Process-based flood risk assessment for Germany},
series = {Earth's future / American Geophysical Union},
volume = {9},
journal = {Earth's future / American Geophysical Union},
number = {10},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Hoboken, NJ},
issn = {2328-4277},
doi = {10.1029/2021EF002259},
pages = {12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Large-scale flood risk assessments are crucial for decision making, especially with respect to new flood defense schemes, adaptation planning and estimating insurance premiums. We apply the process-based Regional Flood Model (RFM) to simulate a 5000-year flood event catalog for all major catchments in Germany and derive risk curves based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM uses a continuous process simulation including a multisite, multivariate weather generator, a hydrological model considering heterogeneous catchment processes, a coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic model considering dike overtopping and hinterland storage, spatially explicit sector-wise exposure data and empirical multi-variable loss models calibrated for Germany. For all components, uncertainties in the data and models are estimated. We estimate the median Expected Annual Damage (EAD) and Value at Risk at 99.5\% confidence for Germany to be euro0.529 bn and euro8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60\% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3\% to the total risk. The overall EAD is comparable to other large-scale estimates. However, the estimation of losses for specific return periods is substantially improved. The spatial consistency of the risk estimates avoids the large overestimation of losses for rare events that is common in other large-scale assessments with homogeneous return periods. Thus, the process-based, spatially consistent flood risk assessment by RFM is an important step forward and will serve as a benchmark for future German-wide flood risk assessments.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchweppeThoberMuelleretal.2022,
author = {Schweppe, Robert and Thober, Stephan and M{\"u}ller, Sebastian and Kelbling, Matthias and Kumar, Rohini and Attinger, Sabine and Samaniego, Luis},
title = {MPR 1.0: a stand-alone multiscale parameter regionalization tool for improved parameter estimation of land surface models},
series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
volume = {15},
journal = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1991-959X},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-15-859-2022},
pages = {859 -- 882},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Distributed environmental models such as land surface models (LSMs) require model parameters in each spatial modeling unit (e.g., grid cell), thereby leading to a high-dimensional parameter space. One approach to decrease the dimensionality of the parameter space in these models is to use regularization techniques. One such highly efficient technique is the multiscale parameter regionalization (MPR) framework that translates high-resolution predictor variables (e.g., soil textural properties) into model parameters (e.g., porosity) via transfer functions (TFs) and upscaling operators that are suitable for every modeled process. This framework yields seamless model parameters at multiple scales and locations in an effective manner. However, integration of MPR into existing modeling workflows has been hindered thus far by hard-coded configurations and non-modular software designs. For these reasons, we redesigned MPR as a model-agnostic, stand-alone tool. It is a useful software for creating graphs of NetCDF variables, wherein each node is a variable and the links consist of TFs and/or upscaling operators. In this study, we present and verify our tool against a previous version, which was implemented in the mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM; https://www.ufz.de/mhm, last access: 16 January 2022). By using this tool for the generation of continental-scale soil hydraulic parameters applicable to different models (Noah-MP and HTESSEL), we showcase its general functionality and flexibility. Further, using model parameters estimated by the MPR tool leads to significant changes in long-term estimates of evapotranspiration, as compared to their default parameterizations. For example, a change of up to 25 \% in long-term evapotranspiration flux is observed in Noah-MP and HTESSEL in the Mississippi River basin. We postulate that use of the stand-alone MPR tool will considerably increase the transparency and reproducibility of the parameter estimation process in distributed (environmental) models. It will also allow a rigorous uncertainty estimation related to the errors of the predictors (e.g., soil texture fields), transfer function and its parameters, and remapping (or upscaling) algorithms.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FunkBusseSiegmundetal.2022,
author = {Funk, Roger and Busse, Jaqueline and Siegmund, Nicole and Sommer, Michael and Iturri, Laura Antonela and Panebianco, Juan E. and Avecilla, Fernando and Buschiazzo, Daniel},
title = {Phytoliths in particulate matter released by wind erosion on arable land in La Pampa, Argentina},
series = {Frontiers in environmental science},
volume = {10},
journal = {Frontiers in environmental science},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-665X},
doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.969898},
pages = {10},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element in plant nutrition, but its importance on ecosystems goes far beyond that. Various forms of silicon are found in soils, of which the phytogenic pool plays a decisive role due to its good availability. This Si returns to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues, where they then participate in the further cycle as biogenic amorphous silica (bASi) or so-called phytoliths. These have a high affinity for water, so that the water holding capacity and water availability of soils can be increased even by small amounts of ASi. Agricultural land is a considerable global dust source, and dust samples from arable land have shown in cloud formation experiments a several times higher ice nucleation activity than pure mineral dust. Here, particle sizes in the particulate matter fractions (PM) are important, which can travel long distances and reach high altitudes in the atmosphere. Based on this, the research question was whether phytoliths could be detected in PM samples from wind erosion events, what are the main particle sizes of phytoliths and whether an initial quantification was possible.Measurements of PM concentrations were carried out at a wind erosion measuring field in the province La Pampa, Argentina. PM were sampled during five erosion events with Environmental Dust Monitors (EDM). After counting and classifying all particles with diameters between 0.3 and 32 mu m in the EDMs, they are collected on filters. The filters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to investigate single or ensembles of particles regarding composition and possible origins.The analyses showed up to 8.3 per cent being phytoliths in the emitted dust and up to 25 per cent of organic origin. Particles of organic origin are mostly in the coarse dust fraction, whereas phytoliths are predominately transported in the finer dust fractions. Since phytoliths are both an important source of Si as a plant nutrient and are also involved in soil C fixation, their losses from arable land via dust emissions should be considered and its specific influence on atmospheric processes should be studied in detail in the future.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HaberPohlmeierToetzkeLehmannetal.2019,
author = {Haber-Pohlmeier, Sabina and T{\"o}tzke, Christian and Lehmann, E. and Kardjilov, Nikolay and Pohlmeier, A. and Oswald, Sascha},
title = {Combination of magnetic resonance imaging and neutron computed tomography for three-dimensional rhizosphere imaging},
series = {Vadose zone journal},
volume = {18},
journal = {Vadose zone journal},
number = {1},
publisher = {Soil Science Society of America},
address = {Madison},
issn = {1539-1663},
doi = {10.2136/vzj2018.09.0166},
pages = {11},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Core Ideas 3D MRI relaxation time maps reflect water mobility in root, rhizosphere, and soil. 3D NCT water content maps of the same plant complement relaxation time maps. The relaxation time T1 decreases from soil to root, whereas water content increases. Parameters together indicate modification of rhizosphere pore space by gel phase. The zone of reduced T1 corresponds to the zone remaining dry after rewetting. In situ investigations of the rhizosphere require high-resolution imaging techniques, which allow a look into the optically opaque soil compartment. We present the novel combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neutron computed tomography (NCT) to achieve synergistic information such as water mobility in terms of three-dimensional (3D) relaxation time maps and total water content maps. Besides a stationary MRI scanner for relaxation time mapping, we used a transportable MRI system on site in the NCT facility to capture rhizosphere properties before desiccation and after subsequent rewetting. First, we addressed two questions using water-filled test capillaries between 0.1 and 5 mm: which root diameters can still be detected by both methods, and to what extent are defined interfaces blurred by these imaging techniques? Going to real root system architecture, we demonstrated the sensitivity of the transportable MRI device by co-registration with NCT and additional validation using X-ray computed tomography. Under saturated conditions, we observed for the rhizosphere in situ a zone with shorter T1 relaxation time across a distance of about 1 mm that was not caused by reduced water content, as proven by successive NCT measurements. We conclude that the effective pore size in the pore network had changed, induced by a gel phase. After rewetting, NCT images showed a dry zone persisting while the MRI intensity inside the root increased considerably, indicating water uptake from the surrounding bulk soil through the still hydrophobic rhizosphere. Overall, combining NCT and MRI allows a more detailed analysis of the rhizosphere's functioning.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PanekBřežnyHarrisonetal.2022,
author = {P{\´a}nek, Tom{\´a}š and Břežn{\´y}, Michal and Harrison, Stephan and Sch{\"o}nfeldt, Elisabeth and Winocur, Diego},
title = {Large landslides cluster at the margin of a deglaciated mountain belt},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
address = {London},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-09357-9},
pages = {13},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Landslides in deglaciated and deglaciating mountains represent a major hazard, but their distribution at the spatial scale of entire mountain belts has rarely been studied. Traditional models of landslide distribution assume that landslides are concentrated in the steepest, wettest, and most tectonically active parts of the orogens, where glaciers reached their greatest thickness. However, based on mapping large landslides (>0.9 km(2)) over an unprecedentedly large area of Southern Patagonia (similar to 305,000 km(2)), we show that the distribution of landslides can have the opposite trend. We show that the largest landslides within the limits of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) cluster along its eastern margins occupying lower, tectonically less active, and arid part of the Patagonian Andes. In contrast to the heavily glaciated, highest elevations of the mountain range, the peripheral regions have been glaciated only episodically, leaving a larger volume of unstable sedimentary and volcanic rocks that are subject to ongoing slope instability.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MetinNguyenVietDungSchroeteretal.2018,
author = {Metin, Ayse Duha and Nguyen Viet Dung, and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Guse, Bj{\"o}rn and Apel, Heiko and Kreibich, Heidi and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Merz, Bruno},
title = {How do changes along the risk chain affect flood risk?},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
volume = {18},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
number = {11},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-18-3089-2018},
pages = {3089 -- 3108},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Flood risk is impacted by a range of physical and socio-economic processes. Hence, the quantification of flood risk ideally considers the complete flood risk chain, from atmospheric processes through catchment and river system processes to damage mechanisms in the affected areas. Although it is generally accepted that a multitude of changes along the risk chain can occur and impact flood risk, there is a lack of knowledge of how and to what extent changes in influencing factors propagate through the chain and finally affect flood risk. To fill this gap, we present a comprehensive sensitivity analysis which considers changes in all risk components, i.e. changes in climate, catchment, river system, land use, assets, and vulnerability. The application of this framework to the mesoscale Mulde catchment in Germany shows that flood risk can vary dramatically as a consequence of plausible change scenarios. It further reveals that components that have not received much attention, such as changes in dike systems or in vulnerability, may outweigh changes in often investigated components, such as climate. Although the specific results are conditional on the case study area and the selected assumptions, they emphasize the need for a broader consideration of potential drivers of change in a comprehensive way. Hence, our approach contributes to a better understanding of how the different risk components influence the overall flood risk.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SpeckhannKreibichMerz2021,
author = {Speckhann, Gustavo Andrei and Kreibich, Heidi and Merz, Bruno},
title = {Inventory of dams in Germany},
series = {Earth system science data : the data publishing journal},
volume = {13},
journal = {Earth system science data : the data publishing journal},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1866-3508},
doi = {10.5194/essd-13-731-2021},
pages = {731 -- 740},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Dams are an important element of water resources management. Data about dams are crucial for practitioners, scientists, and policymakers for various purposes, such as seasonal forecasting of water availability or flood mitigation. However, detailed information on dams on the national level for Germany is so far not freely available. We present the most comprehensive open-access dam inventory for Germany (DIG) to date. We have collected and combined information on dams using books, state agency reports, engineering reports, and internet pages. We have applied a priority rule that ensures the highest level of reliability for the dam information. Our dam inventory comprises 530 dams in Germany with information on name, location, river, start year of construction and operation, crest length, dam height, lake area, lake volume, purpose, dam structure, and building characteristics. We have used a global, satellite-based water surface raster to evaluate the location of the dams. A significant proportion (63 \%) of dams were built between 1950-2013. Our inventory shows that dams in Germany are mostly single-purpose (52 \%), 53\% can be used for flood control, and 25\% are involved in energy production. The inventory is freely available through GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) Data Services (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.005)},
language = {en}
}
@article{JingHesseKumaretal.2019,
author = {Jing, Miao and Hesse, Falk and Kumar, Rohini and Kolditz, Olaf and Kalbacher, Thomas and Attinger, Sabine},
title = {Influence of input and parameter uncertainty on the prediction of catchment-scale groundwater travel time distributions},
series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
volume = {23},
journal = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
number = {1},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1027-5606},
doi = {10.5194/hess-23-171-2019},
pages = {171 -- 190},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Groundwater travel time distributions (TTDs) provide a robust description of the subsurface mixing behavior and hydrological response of a subsurface system. Lagrangian particle tracking is often used to derive the groundwater TTDs. The reliability of this approach is subjected to the uncertainty of external forcings, internal hydraulic properties, and the interplay between them. Here, we evaluate the uncertainty of catchment groundwater TTDs in an agricultural catchment using a 3-D groundwater model with an overall focus on revealing the relationship between external forcing, internal hydraulic properties, and TTD predictions. Eight recharge realizations are sampled from a high-resolution dataset of land surface fluxes and states. Calibration-constrained hydraulic conductivity fields (Ks fields) are stochastically generated using the null-space Monte Carlo (NSMC) method for each recharge realization. The random walk particle tracking (RWPT) method is used to track the pathways of particles and compute travel times. Moreover, an analytical model under the random sampling (RS) assumption is fit against the numerical solutions, serving as a reference for the mixing behavior of the model domain. The StorAge Selection (SAS) function is used to interpret the results in terms of quantifying the systematic preference for discharging young/old water. The simulation results reveal the primary effect of recharge on the predicted mean travel time (MTT). The different realizations of calibration-constrained Ks fields moderately magnify or attenuate the predicted MTTs. The analytical model does not properly replicate the numerical solution, and it underestimates the mean travel time. Simulated SAS functions indicate an overall preference for young water for all realizations. The spatial pattern of recharge controls the shape and breadth of simulated TTDs and SAS functions by changing the spatial distribution of particles' pathways. In conclusion, overlooking the spatial nonuniformity and uncertainty of input (forcing) will result in biased travel time predictions. We also highlight the worth of reliable observations in reducing predictive uncertainty and the good interpretability of SAS functions in terms of understanding catchment transport processes.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RottlerBronstertBuergeretal.2021,
author = {Rottler, Erwin and Bronstert, Axel and B{\"u}rger, Gerd and Rakovec, Oldrich},
title = {Projected changes in Rhine River flood seasonality under global warming},
series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS / European Geosciences Union},
volume = {25},
journal = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS / European Geosciences Union},
number = {5},
publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1607-7938},
doi = {10.5194/hess-25-2353-2021},
pages = {2353 -- 2371},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Climatic change alters the frequency and intensity of natural hazards. In order to assess potential future changes in flood seasonality in the Rhine River Basin, we analyse changes in streamflow, snowmelt, precipitation, and evapotranspiration at 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 ◦C global warming levels. The mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM) forced with an ensemble of climate projection scenarios (five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways) is used to simulate the present and future climate conditions of both, pluvial and nival hydrological regimes. Our results indicate that the interplay between changes in snowmelt- and rainfall-driven runoff is crucial to understand changes in streamflow maxima in the Rhine River. Climate projections suggest that future changes in flood characteristics in the entire Rhine River are controlled by both, more intense precipitation events and diminishing snow packs. The nature of this interplay defines the type of change in runoff peaks. On the sub-basin level (the Moselle River), more intense rainfall during winter is mostly counterbalanced by reduced snowmelt contribution to the streamflow. In the High Rhine (gauge at Basel), the strongest increases in streamflow maxima show up during winter, when strong increases in liquid precipitation intensity encounter almost unchanged snowmelt-driven runoff. The analysis of snowmelt events suggests that at no point in time during the snowmelt season, a warming climate results in an increase in the risk of snowmelt-driven flooding. We do not find indications of a transient merging of pluvial and nival floods due to climate warming.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MetinDungSchroeteretal.2020,
author = {Metin, Ayse Duha and Dung, Nguyen Viet and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Guse, Bj{\"o}rn and Kreibich, Heidi and Merz, Bruno},
title = {The role of spatial dependence for large-scale flood risk estimation},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
volume = {20},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
number = {4},
publisher = {European Geosciences Union (EGU) ; Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-20-967-2020},
pages = {967 -- 979},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Flood risk assessments are typically based on scenarios which assume homogeneous return periods of flood peaks throughout the catchment. This assumption is unrealistic for real flood events and may bias risk estimates for specific return periods. We investigate how three assumptions about the spatial dependence affect risk estimates: (i) spatially homogeneous scenarios (complete dependence), (ii) spatially heterogeneous scenarios (modelled dependence) and (iii) spatially heterogeneous but uncorrelated scenarios (complete independence). To this end, the model chain RFM (regional flood model) is applied to the Elbe catchment in Germany, accounting for the spatio-temporal dynamics of all flood generation processes, from the rainfall through catchment and river system processes to damage mechanisms. Different assumptions about the spatial dependence do not influence the expected annual damage (EAD); however, they bias the risk curve, i.e. the cumulative distribution function of damage. The widespread assumption of complete dependence strongly overestimates flood damage of the order of 100\% for return periods larger than approximately 200 years. On the other hand, for small and medium floods with return periods smaller than approximately 50 years, damage is underestimated. The overestimation aggravates when risk is estimated for larger areas. This study demonstrates the importance of representing the spatial dependence of flood peaks and damage for risk assessments.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BryantDaviesSoletal.2022,
author = {Bryant, Seth and Davies, Evan and Sol, David and Davis, Sandy},
title = {The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood},
series = {Journal of flood risk management},
volume = {15},
journal = {Journal of flood risk management},
number = {3},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {1753-318X},
doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12811},
pages = {18},
year = {2022},
abstract = {After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the \$4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4\%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47\% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RamachandranRupakhetiLawrence2020,
author = {Ramachandran, Srikanthan and Rupakheti, Maheswar and Lawrence, Mark},
title = {Aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate decreases over South and East Asia as a result of changing content and composition},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
address = {[London]},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-76936-z},
pages = {17},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Aerosol emissions from human activities are extensive and changing rapidly over Asia. Model simulations and satellite observations indicate a dipole pattern in aerosol emissions and loading between South Asia and East Asia, two of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. We examine the previously unexplored diverging trends in the existing dipole pattern of aerosols between East and South Asia using the high quality, two-decade long ground-based time series of observations of aerosol properties from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), from satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)), and from model simulations (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The data cover the period since 2001 for Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia), two locations taken as being broadly representative of the respective regions. Since 2010 a dipole in aerosol optical depth (AOD) is maintained, but the trend is reversed-the decrease in AOD over Beijing (East Asia) is rapid since 2010, being 17\% less in current decade compared to first decade of twenty-first century, while the AOD over South Asia increased by 12\% during the same period. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol composition is also changing over time. The single scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of aerosol's absorption capacity and related to aerosol composition, is slightly higher over Beijing than Kanpur, and has increased from 0.91 in 2002 to 0.93 in 2017 over Beijing and from 0.89 to 0.92 during the same period over Kanpur, confirming that aerosols in this region have on an average become more scattering in nature. These changes have led to a notable decrease in aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate (HR) over both regions between the two decades, decreasing considerably more over East Asia (- 31\%) than over South Asia (- 9\%). The annual mean HR is lower now, it is still large (>= 0.6 K per day), which has significant climate implications. The seasonal trends in AOD, SSA and HR are more pronounced than their respective annual trends over both regions. The seasonal trends are caused mainly by the increase/decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions (sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon) while the natural aerosols (dust and sea salt) did not change significantly over South and East Asia during the last two decades. The MERRA-2 model is able to simulate the observed trends in AODs well but not the magnitude, while it also did not simulate the SSA values or trends well. These robust findings based on observations of key aerosol parameters and previously unrecognized diverging trends over South and East Asia need to be accounted for in current state-of-the-art climate models to ensure accurate quantification of the complex and evolving impact of aerosols on the regional climate over Asia.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RoezerKreibichSchroeteretal.2019,
author = {R{\"o}zer, Viktor and Kreibich, Heidi and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and M{\"u}ller, Meike and Sairam, Nivedita and Doss-Gollin, James and Lall, Upmanu and Merz, Bruno},
title = {Probabilistic Models Significantly Reduce Uncertainty in Hurricane Harvey Pluvial Flood Loss Estimates},
series = {Earths future},
volume = {7},
journal = {Earths future},
number = {4},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2328-4277},
doi = {10.1029/2018EF001074},
pages = {384 -- 394},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Pluvial flood risk is mostly excluded in urban flood risk assessment. However, the risk of pluvial flooding is a growing challenge with a projected increase of extreme rainstorms compounding with an ongoing global urbanization. Considered as a flood type with minimal impacts when rainfall rates exceed the capacity of urban drainage systems, the aftermath of rainfall-triggered flooding during Hurricane Harvey and other events show the urgent need to assess the risk of pluvial flooding. Due to the local extent and small-scale variations, the quantification of pluvial flood risk requires risk assessments on high spatial resolutions. While flood hazard and exposure information is becoming increasingly accurate, the estimation of losses is still a poorly understood component of pluvial flood risk quantification. We use a new probabilistic multivariable modeling approach to estimate pluvial flood losses of individual buildings, explicitly accounting for the associated uncertainties. Except for the water depth as the common most important predictor, we identified the drivers for having loss or not and for the degree of loss to be different. Applying this approach to estimate and validate building structure losses during Hurricane Harvey using a property level data set, we find that the reliability and dispersion of predictive loss distributions vary widely depending on the model and aggregation level of property level loss estimates. Our results show that the use of multivariable zero-inflated beta models reduce the 90\% prediction intervalsfor Hurricane Harvey building structure loss estimates on average by 78\% (totalling U.S.\$3.8 billion) compared to commonly used models.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SairamSchroeterLuedtkeetal.2019,
author = {Sairam, Nivedita and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and L{\"u}dtke, Stefan and Merz, Bruno and Kreibich, Heidi},
title = {Quantifying Flood Vulnerability Reduction via Private Precaution},
series = {Earth future},
volume = {7},
journal = {Earth future},
number = {3},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2328-4277},
doi = {10.1029/2018EF000994},
pages = {235 -- 249},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Private precaution is an important component in contemporary flood risk management and climate adaptation. However, quantitative knowledge about vulnerability reduction via private precautionary measures is scarce and their effects are hardly considered in loss modeling and risk assessments. However, this is a prerequisite to enable temporally dynamic flood damage and risk modeling, and thus the evaluation of risk management and adaptation strategies. To quantify the average reduction in vulnerability of residential buildings via private precaution empirical vulnerability data (n = 948) is used. Households with and without precautionary measures undertaken before the flood event are classified into treatment and nontreatment groups and matched. Postmatching regression is used to quantify the treatment effect. Additionally, we test state-of-the-art flood loss models regarding their capability to capture this difference in vulnerability. The estimated average treatment effect of implementing private precaution is between 11 and 15 thousand EUR per household, confirming the significant effectiveness of private precautionary measures in reducing flood vulnerability. From all tested flood loss models, the expert Bayesian network-based model BN-FLEMOps and the rule-based loss model FLEMOps perform best in capturing the difference in vulnerability due to private precaution. Thus, the use of such loss models is suggested for flood risk assessments to effectively support evaluations and decision making for adaptable flood risk management.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DietzeBellOeztuerketal.2022,
author = {Dietze, Michael and Bell, Rainer and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Cook, Kristen L. and Andermann, Christoff and Beer, Alexander R. and Damm, Bodo and Lucia, Ana and Fauer, Felix S. and Nissen, Katrin M. and Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret H.},
title = {More than heavy rain turning into fast-flowing water - a landscape perspective on the 2021 Eifel floods},
series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
volume = {22},
journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
number = {6},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1561-8633},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022},
pages = {1845 -- 1856},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Rapidly evolving floods are rare but powerful drivers of landscape reorganisation that have severe and long-lasting impacts on both the functions of a landscape's subsystems and the affected society. The July 2021 flood that particularly hit several river catchments of the Eifel region in western Germany and Belgium was a drastic example. While media and scientists highlighted the meteorological and hydrological aspects of this flood, it was not just the rising water levels in the main valleys that posed a hazard, caused damage, and drove environmental reorganisation. Instead, the concurrent coupling of landscape elements and the wood, sediment, and debris carried by the fast-flowing water made this flood so devastating and difficult to predict. Because more intense floods are able to interact with more landscape components, they at times reveal rare non-linear feedbacks, which may be hidden during smaller events due to their high thresholds of initiation. Here, we briefly review the boundary conditions of the 14-15 July 2021 flood and discuss the emerging features that made this event different from previous floods. We identify hillslope processes, aspects of debris mobilisation, the legacy of sustained human land use, and emerging process connections and feedbacks as critical non-hydrological dimensions of the flood. With this landscape scale perspective, we develop requirements for improved future event anticipation, mitigation, and fundamental system understanding.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{DietzeMangelsdorfAndreevetal.2020,
author = {Dietze, Elisabeth and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Andreev, Andrei and Karger, Cornelia and Schreuder, Laura T. and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Rach, Oliver and Sachse, Dirk and Wennrich, Volker and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {Relationships between low-temperature fires, climate and vegetation during three late glacials and interglacials of the last 430 kyr in northeastern Siberia reconstructed from monosaccharide anhydrides in Lake El'gygytgyn sediments},
series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
number = {2},
issn = {1866-8372},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-51684},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516843},
pages = {22},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Landscapes in high northern latitudes are assumed to be highly sensitive to future global change, but the rates and long-term trajectories of changes are rather uncertain. In the boreal zone, fires are an important factor in climate-vegetation interactions and biogeochemical cycles. Fire regimes are characterized by small, frequent, low-intensity fires within summergreen boreal forests dominated by larch, whereas evergreen boreal forests dominated by spruce and pine burn large areas less frequently but at higher intensities. Here, we explore the potential of the monosaccharide anhydrides (MA) levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to serve as proxies of low-intensity biomass burning in glacial-to-interglacial lake sediments from the high northern latitudes. We use sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (cores PG 1351 and ICDP 5011-1), located in the far north-east of Russia, and study glacial and interglacial samples of the last 430 kyr (marine isotope stages 5e, 6, 7e, 8, 11c and 12) that had different climate and biome configurations. Combined with pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records from the same samples, we assess how far the modern relationships between fire, climate and vegetation persisted during the past, on orbital to centennial timescales. We find that MAs attached to particulates were well-preserved in up to 430 kyr old sediments with higher influxes from low-intensity biomass burning in interglacials compared to glacials. MA influxes significantly increase when summergreen boreal forest spreads closer to the lake, whereas they decrease when tundra-steppe environments and, especially, Sphagnum peatlands spread. This suggests that low-temperature fires are a typical characteristic of Siberian larch forests also on long timescales. The results also suggest that low-intensity fires would be reduced by vegetation shifts towards very dry environments due to reduced biomass availability, as well as by shifts towards peatlands, which limits fuel dryness. In addition, we observed very low MA ratios, which we interpret as high contributions of galactosan and mannosan from biomass sources other than those currently monitored, such as the moss-lichen mats in the understorey of the summergreen boreal forest. Overall, sedimentary MAs can provide a powerful proxy for fire regime reconstructions and extend our knowledge of long-term natural fire-climate-vegetation feedbacks in the high northern latitudes.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HerzschuhCaoLaeppleetal.2019,
author = {Herzschuh, Ulrike and Cao, Xianyong and Laepple, Thomas and Dallmeyer, Anne and Telford, Richard J. and Ni, Jian and Chen, Fahu and Kong, Zhaochen and Liu, Guangxiu and Liu, Kam-Biu and Liu, Xingqi and Stebich, Martina and Tang, Lingyu and Tian, Fang and Wang, Yongbo and Wischnewski, Juliane and Xu, Qinghai and Yan, Shun and Yang, Zhenjing and Yu, Ge and Zhang, Yun and Zhao, Yan and Zheng, Zhuo},
title = {Position and orientation of the westerly jet determined Holocene rainfall patterns in China},
series = {Nature Communications},
volume = {10},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
address = {London},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09866-8},
pages = {8},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Proxy-based reconstructions and modeling of Holocene spatiotemporal precipitation patterns for China and Mongolia have hitherto yielded contradictory results indicating that the basic mechanisms behind the East Asian Summer Monsoon and its interaction with the westerly jet stream remain poorly understood. We present quantitative reconstructions of Holocene precipitation derived from 101 fossil pollen records and analyse them with the help of a minimal empirical model. We show that the westerly jet-stream axis shifted gradually southward and became less tilted since the middle Holocene. This was tracked by the summer monsoon rain band resulting in an early-Holocene precipitation maximum over most of western China, a mid-Holocene maximum in north-central and northeastern China, and a late-Holocene maximum in southeastern China. Our results suggest that a correct simulation of the orientation and position of the westerly jet stream is crucial to the reliable prediction of precipitation patterns in China and Mongolia.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SteirouGerlitzApeletal.2019,
author = {Steirou, Eva and Gerlitz, Lars and Apel, Heiko and Sun, Xun and Merz, Bruno},
title = {Climate influences on flood probabilities across Europe},
series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
volume = {23},
journal = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
number = {3},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1027-5606},
doi = {10.5194/hess-23-1305-2019},
pages = {1305 -- 1322},
year = {2019},
abstract = {The link between streamflow extremes and climatology has been widely studied in recent decades. However, a study investigating the effect of large-scale circulation variations on the distribution of seasonal discharge extremes at the European level is missing. Here we fit a climate-informed generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to about 600 streamflow records in Europe for each of the standard seasons, i.e., to winter, spring, summer and autumn maxima, and compare it with the classical GEV distribution with parameters invariant in time. The study adopts a Bayesian framework and covers the period 1950 to 2016. Five indices with proven influence on the European climate are examined independently as covariates, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the east Atlantic pattern (EA), the east Atlantic-western Russian pattern (EA/WR), the Scandinavia pattern (SCA) and the polar-Eurasian pattern (POL). It is found that for a high percentage of stations the climate-informed model is preferred to the classical model. Particularly for NAO during winter, a strong influence on streamflow extremes is detected for large parts of Europe (preferred to the classical GEV distribution for 46\% of the stations). Climate-informed fits are characterized by spatial coherence and form patterns that resemble relations between the climate indices and seasonal precipitation, suggesting a prominent role of the considered circulation modes for flood generation. For certain regions, such as northwestern Scandinavia and the British Isles, yearly variations of the mean seasonal climate indices result in considerably different extreme value distributions and thus in highly different flood estimates for individual years that can also persist for longer time periods.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DietzeMangelsdorfAndreevetal.2020,
author = {Dietze, Elisabeth and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Andreev, Andrei and Karger, Cornelia and Schreuder, Laura T. and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Rach, Oliver and Sachse, Dirk and Wennrich, Volker and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {Relationships between low-temperature fires, climate and vegetation during three late glacials and interglacials of the last 430 kyr in northeastern Siberia reconstructed from monosaccharide anhydrides in Lake El'gygytgyn sediments},
series = {Climate of the Past},
volume = {16},
journal = {Climate of the Past},
number = {2},
publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1814-9332},
doi = {10.5194/cp-16-799-2020},
pages = {788 -- 818},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Landscapes in high northern latitudes are assumed to be highly sensitive to future global change, but the rates and long-term trajectories of changes are rather uncertain. In the boreal zone, fires are an important factor in climate-vegetation interactions and biogeochemical cycles. Fire regimes are characterized by small, frequent, low-intensity fires within summergreen boreal forests dominated by larch, whereas evergreen boreal forests dominated by spruce and pine burn large areas less frequently but at higher intensities. Here, we explore the potential of the monosaccharide anhydrides (MA) levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to serve as proxies of low-intensity biomass burning in glacial-to-interglacial lake sediments from the high northern latitudes. We use sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (cores PG 1351 and ICDP 5011-1), located in the far north-east of Russia, and study glacial and interglacial samples of the last 430 kyr (marine isotope stages 5e, 6, 7e, 8, 11c and 12) that had different climate and biome configurations. Combined with pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records from the same samples, we assess how far the modern relationships between fire, climate and vegetation persisted during the past, on orbital to centennial timescales. We find that MAs attached to particulates were well-preserved in up to 430 kyr old sediments with higher influxes from low-intensity biomass burning in interglacials compared to glacials. MA influxes significantly increase when summergreen boreal forest spreads closer to the lake, whereas they decrease when tundra-steppe environments and, especially, Sphagnum peatlands spread. This suggests that low-temperature fires are a typical characteristic of Siberian larch forests also on long timescales. The results also suggest that low-intensity fires would be reduced by vegetation shifts towards very dry environments due to reduced biomass availability, as well as by shifts towards peatlands, which limits fuel dryness. In addition, we observed very low MA ratios, which we interpret as high contributions of galactosan and mannosan from biomass sources other than those currently monitored, such as the moss-lichen mats in the understorey of the summergreen boreal forest. Overall, sedimentary MAs can provide a powerful proxy for fire regime reconstructions and extend our knowledge of long-term natural fire-climate-vegetation feedbacks in the high northern latitudes.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MiesnerHerzschuhPestryakovaetal.2022,
author = {Miesner, Timon and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Wieczorek, Mareike and Zakharov, Evgenii S. and Kolmogorov, Alexei I. and Davydova, Paraskovya V. and Kruse, Stefan},
title = {Forest structure and individual tree inventories of northeastern Siberia along climatic gradients},
series = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
volume = {14},
journal = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
number = {12},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1866-3508},
doi = {10.5194/essd-14-5695-2022},
pages = {5695 -- 5716},
year = {2022},
abstract = {We compile a data set of forest surveys from expeditions to the northeast of the Russian Federation, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (59-73 degrees N, 97-169 degrees E), performed between the years 2011 and 2021. The region is characterized by permafrost soils and forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Larix cajanderi Mayr). Our data set consists of a plot database describing 226 georeferenced vegetation survey plots and a tree database with information about all the trees on these plots. The tree database, consisting of two tables with the same column names, contains information on the height, species, and vitality of 40 289 trees. A subset of the trees was subject to a more detailed inventory, which recorded the stem diameter at base and at breast height, crown diameter, and height of the beginning of the crown. We recorded heights up to 28.5 m (median 2.5 m) and stand densities up to 120 000 trees per hectare (median 1197 ha(-1)), with both values tending to be higher in the more southerly areas. Observed taxa include Larix Mill., Pinus L., Picea A. Dietr., Abies Mill., Salix L., Betula L., Populus L., Alnus Mill., and Ulmus L. In this study, we present the forest inventory data aggregated per plot. Additionally, we connect the data with different remote sensing data products to find out how accurately forest structure can be predicted from such products. Allometries were calculated to obtain the diameter from height measurements for every species group. For Larix, the most frequent of 10 species groups, allometries depended also on the stand density, as denser stands are characterized by thinner trees, relative to height. The remote sensing products used to compare against the inventory data include climate, forest biomass, canopy height, and forest loss or disturbance. We find that the forest metrics measured in the field can only be reconstructed from the remote sensing data to a limited extent, as they depend on local properties. This illustrates the need for ground inventories like those data we present here. The data can be used for studying the forest structure of northeastern Siberia and for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed data.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KruseStuenziBoikeetal.2022,
author = {Kruse, Stefan and St{\"u}nzi, Simone Maria and Boike, Julia and Langer, Moritz and Gloy, Josias and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {Novel coupled permafrost-forest model (LAVESI-CryoGrid v1.0) revealing the interplay between permafrost, vegetation, and climate across eastern Siberia},
series = {Geoscientific model development : GMD ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
volume = {15},
journal = {Geoscientific model development : GMD ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
number = {6},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1991-959X},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-15-2395-2022},
pages = {2395 -- 2422},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Boreal forests of Siberia play a relevant role in the global carbon cycle. However, global warming threatens the existence of summergreen larch-dominated ecosystems, likely enabling a transition to evergreen tree taxa with deeper active layers. Complex permafrost-vegetation interactions make it uncertain whether these ecosystems could develop into a carbon source rather than continuing atmospheric carbon sequestration under global warming. Consequently, shedding light on the role of current and future active layer dynamics and the feedbacks with the apparent tree species is crucial to predict boreal forest transition dynamics and thus for aboveground forest biomass and carbon stock developments. Hence, we established a coupled model version amalgamating a one-dimensional permafrost multilayer forest land-surface model (CryoGrid) with LAVESI, an individual-based and spatially explicit forest model for larch species (Larix Mill.), extended for this study by including other relevant Siberian forest species and explicit terrain.
Following parameterization, we ran simulations with the coupled version to the near future to 2030 with a mild climate-warming scenario. We focus on three regions covering a gradient of summergreen forests in the east at Spasskaya Pad, mixed summergreen-evergreen forests close to Nyurba, and the warmest area at Lake Khamra in the southeast of Yakutia, Russia. Coupled simulations were run with the newly implemented boreal forest species and compared to runs allowing only one species at a time, as well as to simulations using just LAVESI. Results reveal that the coupled version corrects for overestimation of active layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture, and large differences in established forests are simulated. We conclude that the coupled version can simulate the complex environment of eastern Siberia by reproducing vegetation patterns, making it an excellent tool to disentangle processes driving boreal forest dynamics.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RadosavljevicLantuitKnoblauchetal.2022,
author = {Radosavljevic, Boris and Lantuit, Hugues and Knoblauch, Christian and Couture, Nicole and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Fritz, Michael},
title = {Arctic nearshore sediment dynamics - an example from Herschel Island - Qikiqtaruk, Canada},
series = {Journal of marine science and engineering},
volume = {10},
journal = {Journal of marine science and engineering},
number = {11},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2077-1312},
doi = {10.3390/jmse10111589},
pages = {18},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Increasing arctic coastal erosion rates imply a greater release of sediments and organic matter into the coastal zone. With 213 sediment samples taken around Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk, Canadian Beaufort Sea, we aimed to gain new insights on sediment dynamics and geochemical properties of a shallow arctic nearshore zone. Spatial characteristics of nearshore sediment texture (moderately to poorly sorted silt) are dictated by hydrodynamic processes, but ice-related processes also play a role. We determined organic matter (OM) distribution and inferred the origin and quality of organic carbon by C/N ratios and stable carbon isotopes delta C-13. The carbon content was higher offshore and in sheltered areas (mean: 1.0 wt.\%., S.D.: 0.9) and the C/N ratios also showed a similar spatial pattern (mean: 11.1, S.D.: 3.1), while the delta C-13 (mean: -26.4 parts per thousand VPDB, S.D.: 0.4) distribution was more complex. We compared the geochemical parameters of our study with terrestrial and marine samples from other studies using a bootstrap approach. Sediments of the current study contained 6.5 times and 1.8 times less total organic carbon than undisturbed and disturbed terrestrial sediments, respectively. Therefore, degradation of OM and separation of carbon pools take place on land and continue in the nearshore zone, where OM is leached, mineralized, or transported beyond the study area.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DallmeyerKleinenClaussenetal.2022,
author = {Dallmeyer, Anne and Kleinen, Thomas and Claussen, Martin and Weitzel, Nils and Cao, Xianyong and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {The deglacial forest conundrum},
series = {Nature Communications},
volume = {13},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
address = {[London]},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-33646-6},
pages = {10},
year = {2022},
abstract = {How fast the Northern Hemisphere (NH) forest biome tracks strongly warming climates is largely unknown. Regional studies reveal lags between decades and millennia. Here we report a conundrum: Deglacial forest expansion in the NH extra-tropics occurs approximately 4000 years earlier in a transient MPI-ESM1.2 simulation than shown by pollen-based biome reconstructions. Shortcomings in the model and the reconstructions could both contribute to this mismatch, leaving the underlying causes unresolved. The simulated vegetation responds within decades to simulated climate changes, which agree with pollen-independent reconstructions. Thus, we can exclude climate biases as main driver for differences. Instead, the mismatch points at a multi-millennial disequilibrium of the NH forest biome to the climate signal. Therefore, the evaluation of time-slice simulations in strongly changing climates with pollen records should be critically reassessed. Our results imply that NH forests may be responding much slower to ongoing climate changes than Earth System Models predict.
Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LiPostlBoehmeretal.2022,
author = {Li, Chenzhi and Postl, Alexander K. and B{\"o}hmer, Thomas and Cao, Xianyong and Dolman, Andrew M. and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {Harmonized chronologies of a global late Quaternary pollen dataset (LegacyAge 1.0)},
series = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
volume = {14},
journal = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
number = {3},
publisher = {Copernics Publications},
address = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
issn = {1866-3508},
doi = {10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022},
pages = {1331 -- 1343},
year = {2022},
abstract = {We present a chronology framework named LegacyAge 1.0 containing harmonized chronologies for 2831 pollen records (downloaded from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and the supplementary Asian datasets) together with their age control points and metadata in machine-readable data formats. All chronologies use the Bayesian framework implemented in Bacon version 2.5.3. Optimal parameter settings of priors (accumulation.shape, memory.strength, memory.mean, accumulation.rate, and thickness) were identified based on information in the original publication or iteratively after preliminary model inspection. The most common control points for the chronologies are radiocarbon dates (86.1 \%), calibrated by the latest calibration curves (IntCal20 and SHCal20 for the terrestrial radiocarbon dates in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and Marine20 for marine materials). The original publications were consulted when dealing with outliers and inconsistencies. Several major challenges when setting up the chronologies included the waterline issue (18.8\% of records), reservoir effect (4.9 \%), and sediment deposition discontinuity (4.4 \%). Finally, we numerically compare the LegacyAge 1.0 chronologies to those published in the original publications and show that the reliability of the chronologies of 95.4\% of records could be improved according to our assessment. Our chronology framework and revised chronologies provide the opportunity to make use of the ages and age uncertainties in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change. The LegacyAge 1.0 dataset, including metadata, datings, harmonized chronologies, and R code used, is openaccess and available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933132; Li et al., 2021) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815192; Li et al., 2022), respectively.},
language = {en}
}