@article{OezsoyIefremenkoSchroeder2022, author = {{\"O}zsoy, Onur and Iefremenko, Kateryna and Schroeder, Christoph}, title = {Shifting and expanding clause combining strategies in heritage Turkish varieties}, series = {Languages}, volume = {7}, journal = {Languages}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2226-471X}, doi = {10.3390/languages7030242}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Turkish is a language described as relying predominantly on non-finite subordination in the domain of clause combining. However, there are also strategies of finite subordination, as well as means of syndetic and asyndetic paratactic clause combining, especially in the informal settings. Clause combining is and has been one of the focal points of research on heritage Turkish (h-Turkish). One point is particularly clear: In comparison with the monolingual setting, finite means of clause combining are more frequent in h-Turkish in Germany, the U.S., and the Netherlands, while non-finite means of clause combining are less frequent. Overall, our results confirm the findings of earlier studies: heritage speakers in Germany and the U.S. prefer paratactic means of clause combining using connectors, as opposed to monolingual speakers. Our results also reveal that age (adolescents vs. adults) and register (informal vs. formal) significantly modulate the use of connectors. Moreover, we find that the shift in preferences in means of clause combining triggers an expansion in the system of connectors and leads to the development of new narrative connectors, such as o zaman and derken. The system of syndetic paratactic clause combining is expanding in heritage Turkish. This expansion calls for multifaceted modeling of change in heritage languages, which integrates language-internal factors (register), dynamics of convergence with the contact languages, and extra-linguistic factors (age and language use).}, language = {en} } @article{WenderingNikoloski2022, author = {Wendering, Philipp and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Genome-scale modeling specifies the metabolic capabilities of Rhizophagus irregularis}, series = {mSystems}, volume = {7}, journal = {mSystems}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {2379-5077}, doi = {10.1128/msystems.01216-21}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rhizophagus irregularis is one of the most extensively studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that forms symbioses with and improves the performance of many crops. Lack of transformation protocol for R. irregularis renders it challenging to investigate molecular mechanisms that shape the physiology and interactions of this AMF with plants. Here, we used all published genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics resources to gain insights into the metabolic functionalities of R. irregularis by reconstructing its high-quality genome-scale metabolic network that considers enzyme constraints. Extensive validation tests with the enzyme-constrained metabolic model demonstrated that it can be used to (i) accurately predict increased growth of R. irregularis on myristate with minimal medium; (ii) integrate enzyme abundances and carbon source concentrations that yield growth predictions with high and significant Spearman correlation (rS = 0.74) to measured hyphal dry weight; and (iii) simulate growth rate increases with tighter association of this AMF with the host plant across three fungal structures. Based on the validated model and system-level analyses that integrate data from transcriptomics studies, we predicted that differences in flux distributions between intraradical mycelium and arbuscles are linked to changes in amino acid and cofactor biosynthesis. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the enzyme-constrained metabolic model can be employed to pinpoint mechanisms driving developmental and physiological responses of R. irregularis to different environmental cues. In conclusion, this model can serve as a template for other AMF and paves the way to identify metabolic engineering strategies to modulate fungal metabolic traits that directly affect plant performance. IMPORTANCE Mounting evidence points to the benefits of the symbiotic interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and crops; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of this fungus to different host plants and environments remain largely unknown. We present a manually curated, enzyme-constrained, genome-scale metabolic model of R. irregularis that can accurately predict experimentally observed phenotypes. We show that this high-quality model provides an entry point into better understanding the metabolic and physiological responses of this fungus to changing environments due to the availability of different nutrients. The model can be used to design metabolic engineering strategies to tailor R. irregularis metabolism toward improving the performance of host plants.}, language = {en} } @misc{Woywode2022, author = {Woywode, Felix}, title = {J{\"u}rgen Rathje (Hrsg.) 'Barthold Heinrich Brockes: Irdisches Vergn{\"u}gen in Gott. Siebenter und Achter Theil.' [Hrsg. und kommentiert v. J{\"u}rgen Rathje. Wallstein Verlag, G{\"o}ttingen 2021, 954 S.]}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Germanistik}, volume = {32}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Germanistik}, number = {2}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Bern ; Berlin ; Frankfurt, M. ; Wien}, issn = {0323-7982}, doi = {10.3726/92172_418}, pages = {430 -- 434}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{ZurellKoenigMalchowetal.2022, author = {Zurell, Damaris and K{\"o}nig, Christian and Malchow, Anne-Kathleen and Kapitza, Simon and Bocedi, Greta and Travis, Justin M. J. and Fandos, Guillermo}, title = {Spatially explicit models for decision-making in animal conservation and restoration}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1600-0587}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.05787}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns and processes. Under ongoing climate and biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision-making in conservation and restoration and help designing adequate management strategies for an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models for decision support and to identify key gaps in current modelling in conservation and restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear management application and were included in our quantitative analyses. Overall, modelling studies were biased towards static models (79\%), towards the species and population level (80\%) and towards conservation (rather than restoration) applications (71\%). Correlative niche models were the most widely used model type. Dynamic models as well as the gene-to-individual level and the community-to-ecosystem level were underrepresented, and explicit cost optimisation approaches were only used in 10\% of the studies. We present a new model typology for selecting models for animal conservation and restoration, characterising model types according to organisational levels, biological processes of interest and desired management applications. This typology will help to more closely link models to management goals. Additionally, future efforts need to overcome important challenges related to data integration, model integration and decision-making. We conclude with five key recommendations, suggesting that wider usage of spatially explicit models for decision support can be achieved by 1) developing a toolbox with multiple, easier-to-use methods, 2) improving calibration and validation of dynamic modelling approaches and 3) developing best-practise guidelines for applying these models. Further, more robust decision-making can be achieved by 4) combining multiple modelling approaches to assess uncertainty, and 5) placing models at the core of adaptive management. These efforts must be accompanied by long-term funding for modelling and monitoring, and improved communication between research and practise to ensure optimal conservation and restoration outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{SaguTchewonpiRawelRohn2022, author = {Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel and Rawel, Harshadrai M. and Rohn, Sascha}, title = {Targeted bottom-up mass spectrometry approach for the relative quantification of post-translational modification of bovine κ-casein during milk fermentation}, series = {Molecules}, volume = {27}, journal = {Molecules}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1420-3049}, doi = {10.3390/molecules27185834}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {kappa-casein (kappa-CN) is one of the key components in bovine milk, playing a unique role in the structuration of casein micelles. It contains in its chemical structure up to sixteen amino acid residues (mainly serine and threonine) susceptible to modifications, including glycosylation and phosphorylation, which may further be formed during milk processing. In this study, changes in post-translational modification (PTM) of kappa-CN during bovine milk fermentation were investigated. One-to-five-day fermented milk samples were produced. A traditional bottom-up proteomics approach was used to establish a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method for relative quantification of kappa-CN PTM. Endoproteinase Glu-C was found to efficiently digest the kappa-CN molecule. The developed LC-MS method was validated by performing assessments of linearity, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Among the yielded peptides, four of them containing serine and threonine residues were identified and the unmodified as well as the modified variants of each of them were relatively quantified. These peptides were (1) IPTINTIASGEPTSTTE ([140, 158]), (2) STVATLE ([162, 168]), (3) DSPE ([169, 172]), and (4) INTVQVTSTAV ([180, 190]). Distribution analysis between unmodified and modified peptides revealed that over 50\% of kappa-CN was found in one of its modified forms in milk. The fermentation process further significantly altered the composition between unmodified/modified kappa-CN, with glycoslaytion being predominant compared to phosphorylation (p < 0.01). Further method development towards alpha and beta-CN fractions and their PTM behavior would be an asset to better understand the changes undergone by milk proteins and the micellar structure during fermentation.}, language = {en} } @article{GrasslRitterSchulz2022, author = {Grassl, Sandra and Ritter, Christoph and Schulz, Alexander}, title = {The nature of the Ny-Alesund wind field analysed by high-resolution windlidar data}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {14}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs14153771}, pages = {24}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this work we present windlidar data for the research village Ny-Alesund located on Svalbard in the European Arctic (78.923 degrees N, 11.928 degrees F) from 2013 to 2021. The data have a resolution of 50 m and 10 min with an overlapping height of about 150 m. The maximum range depends on the meteorologic situation. Up to 1000 m altitude the data availability is better than 71\%. We found that the highest wind speeds occur in November and December, the lowest ones in June and July, up to 500 m altitude the wind is channelled strongly in ESE to NW direction parallel to the fjord axis and the synoptic conditions above 1000 m altitude already dominate. While the fraction of windy days (v > 10 m/s) varies significantly from month to month, there is no overall trend of the wind visible in our data set. We define gusts and jets by the requirement of wind maxima v > 2 m/s above and below a wind maximum. In total, more than 24,000 of these events were identified (corresponding to 6\% of the time), of which 223 lasted for at least 100 min ("Long Jets"). All of these events are fairly equally distributed over the months relatively to the available data. Further, gusts and jets follow different distributions (in terms of altitude or depths) and occur more frequently for synoptic flow from roughly a southerly direction. Jets do not show a clear correlation between occurrence and synoptic flow. Gusts and jets are not related to cloud cover. We conclude that the atmosphere from 400 m to 1000 m above Ny-Alesund is dominated by a turbulent wind shear zone, which connects the micrometeorology in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with the synoptic flow.}, language = {en} } @article{LachmairFischerGerjets2022, author = {Lachmair, Martin and Fischer, Martin H. and Gerjets, Peter}, title = {Action-control mappings of interfaces in virtual reality: a study of embodied interaction}, series = {Frontiers in virtual reality}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in virtual reality}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2673-4192}, doi = {10.3389/frvir.2022.976849}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The development of interface technologies is driven by the goal of making interaction more positive through natural action-control mappings. In Virtual Reality (VR), the entire body is potentially involved for interaction, using such mappings with a maximum of degrees of freedom. The downside is the increase in interaction complexity, which can dramatically influence interface design. A cognitive perspective on detailed aspects of interaction patterns is lacking in common interface design guidelines, although it can be helpful to make this complexity controllable and, thus, make interaction behavior predictable. In the present study, the distinction between grounding, embodiment, and situatedness (the GES framework) is applied to organize aspects of interactions and to compare them with each other. In two experiments, zooming into or out of emotional pictures through changes of arm span was examined in VR. There are qualitatively different aspects during such an interaction: i) perceptual aspects caused by zooming are fundamental for human behavior (Grounding: closer objects appear bigger) and ii) aspects of gestures correspond to the physical characteristics of the agents (Embodiment: little distance of hands signals little or, in contrast, "creating more detail"). The GES-framework sets aspects of Grounding against aspects of Embodiment, thus allowing to predict human behavior regarding these qualitatively different aspects. For the zooming procedure, the study shows that Grounding can overrule Embodiment in interaction design. Thus, we propose GES as a cognitive framework that can help to inform interaction guidelines for user interface design in VR.}, language = {en} } @article{SieberWilkeAppeltetal.2022, author = {Sieber, Melanie J. and Wilke, Max and Appelt, Oona and Oelze, Marcus and Koch-M{\"u}ller, Monika}, title = {Melting relations of Ca-Mg carbonates and trace element signature of carbonate melts up to 9 GPa - a proxy for melting of carbonated mantle lithologies}, series = {European journal of mineralogy}, volume = {34}, journal = {European journal of mineralogy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0935-1221}, doi = {10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022}, pages = {411 -- 424}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The most profound consequences of the presence of Ca-Mg carbonates (CaCO3-MgCO3) in the Earth's upper mantle may be to lower the melting temperatures of the mantle and control the melt composition. Low-degree partial melting of a carbonate-bearing mantle produces CO2-rich, silica-poor melts compositionally imposed by the melting relations of carbonates. Thus, understanding the melting relations in the CaCO3-MgCO3 system facilitates the interpretation of natural carbonate-bearing silicate systems. We report the melting relations of the CaCO3-MgCO3 system and the partition coefficient of trace elements between carbonates and carbonate melt from experiments at high pressure (6 and 9 GPa) and temperature (1300-1800 degrees C) using a rocking multi-anvil press. In the absence of water, Ca-Mg carbonates are stable along geothermal gradients typical of subducting slabs. Ca-Mg carbonates ( similar to Mg0.1-0.9Ca0.9-0.1CO3) partially melt beneath mid-ocean ridges and in plume settings. Ca-Mg carbonates melt incongruently, forming periclase crystals and carbonate melt between 4 and 9 GPa. Furthermore, we show that the rare earth element (REE) signature of Group-I kimberlites, namely strong REE fractionation and depletion of heavy REE relative to the primitive mantle, is resembled by carbonate melt in equilibrium with Ca-bearing magnesite and periclase at 6 and 9 GPa. This suggests that the dolomite-magnesite join of the CaCO3-MgCO3 system might be useful to approximate the REE signature of carbonate-rich melts parental to kimberlites.}, language = {en} } @article{JonasSchwerbelZellneretal.2022, author = {Jonas, Wenke and Schwerbel, Kristin and Zellner, Lisa and J{\"a}hnert, Markus and Gottmann, Pascal and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette}, title = {Alterations of lipid profile in livers with impaired lipophagy}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms231911863}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver. Various mechanisms such as an increased uptake in fatty acids or de novo synthesis contribute to the development of steatosis and progression to more severe stages. Furthermore, it has been shown that impaired lipophagy, the degradation of lipids by autophagic processes, contributes to NAFLD. Through an unbiased lipidome analysis of mouse livers in a genetic model of impaired lipophagy, we aimed to determine the resulting alterations in the lipidome. Observed changes overlap with those of the human disease. Overall, the entire lipid content and in particular the triacylglycerol concentration increased under conditions of impaired lipophagy. In addition, we detected a reduction in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and an increased ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs, which was due to the depletion of n-3 PUFAs. Although the abundance of major phospholipid classes was reduced, the ratio of phosphatidylcholines to phosphatidylethanolamines was not affected. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that impaired lipophagy contributes to the pathology of NAFLD and is associated with an altered lipid profile. However, the lipid pattern does not appear to be specific for lipophagic alterations, as it resembles mainly that described in relation to fatty liver disease.}, language = {en} } @article{BillingThonickeSakschewskietal.2022, author = {Billing, Maik and Thonicke, Kirsten and Sakschewski, Boris and von Bloh, Werner and Walz, Ariane}, title = {Future tree survival in European forests depends on understorey tree diversity}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-25319-7}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Climate change heavily threatens forest ecosystems worldwide and there is urgent need to understand what controls tree survival and forests stability. There is evidence that biodiversity can enhance ecosystem stability (Loreau and de Mazancourt in Ecol Lett 16:106-115, 2013; McCann in Nature 405:228-233, 2000), however it remains largely unclear whether this also holds for climate change and what aspects of biodiversity might be most important. Here we apply machine learning to outputs of a flexible-trait Dynamic Global Vegetation Model to unravel the effects of enhanced functional tree trait diversity and its sub-components on climate-change resistance of temperate forests (http://www.pik-potsdam.de/similar to billing/video/Forest_Resistance_LPJmLFIT.mp4). We find that functional tree trait diversity enhances forest resistance. We explain this with 1. stronger complementarity effects (similar to 25\% importance) especially improving the survival of trees in the understorey of up to +16.8\% (+/- 1.6\%) and 2. environmental and competitive filtering of trees better adapted to future climate (40-87\% importance). We conclude that forests containing functionally diverse trees better resist and adapt to future conditions. In this context, we especially highlight the role of functionally diverse understorey trees as they provide the fundament for better survival of young trees and filtering of resistant tree individuals in the future.}, language = {en} }