@article{BruckmaierKraussBinderetal.2021,
  author    = {Bruckmaier, Georg and Krauss, Stefan and Binder, Karin and Hilbert, Sven Lars and Brunner, Martin},
  title     = {Tversky and Kahneman's cognitive illusions},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689},
  pages     = {25},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the present paper we empirically investigate the psychometric properties of some of the most famous statistical and logical cognitive illusions from the "heuristics and biases" research program by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who nearly 50 years ago introduced fascinating brain teasers such as the famous Linda problem, the Wason card selection task, and so-called Bayesian reasoning problems (e.g., the mammography task). In the meantime, a great number of articles has been published that empirically examine single cognitive illusions, theoretically explaining people's faulty thinking, or proposing and experimentally implementing measures to foster insight and to make these problems accessible to the human mind. Yet these problems have thus far usually been empirically analyzed on an individual-item level only (e.g., by experimentally comparing participants' performance on various versions of one of these problems). In this paper, by contrast, we examine these illusions as a group and look at the ability to solve them as a psychological construct. Based on an sample of N = 2,643 Luxembourgian school students of age 16-18 we investigate the internal psychometric structure of these illusions (i.e., Are they substantially correlated? Do they form a reflexive or a formative construct?), their connection to related constructs (e.g., Are they distinguishable from intelligence or mathematical competence in a confirmatory factor analysis?), and the question of which of a person's abilities can predict the correct solution of these brain teasers (by means of a regression analysis).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Jauer2021,
  author    = {Jauer, Nora},
  title     = {Two milestones in favour of the environment in just a few days?},
  publisher = {M. Riegner c/o Humboldt-Univ.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2510-2567},
  doi       = {10.17176/20211102-172527-0},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{WuttkeNeurothRothfritzetal.2021,
  author    = {Wuttke, Ulrike and Neuroth, Heike and Rothfritz, Laura and Straka, Janine and Zeunert, Miriam and Schneemann, Carsten and Hartmann, Niklas and Radtke, Ina},
  title     = {Umfeldanalyse zum Aufbau einer neuen Datenkultur in Brandenburg},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-48090},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-480905},
  pages     = {112},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Digitale Forschungsdaten gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung und stellen neue Herausforderungen an wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen und ihre Forschenden. Der Begriff Forschungsdatenmanagement umfasst alle Aktivit{\"a}ten, die mit der Aufbereitung, Speicherung, Archivierung und Ver{\"o}ffentlichung von Forschungsdaten verbunden sind. Da der Umgang mit Forschungsdaten generische, fachliche, rechtliche und technische Aspekte betrifft, erfordert es eine Begleitung der Forschenden durch ein umfangreiches Spektrum an Services, von Information und Beratung bis hin zu fachspezifischen Standards und IT-Infrastrukturen. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden zun{\"a}chst die Ausgangslage und die Begrifflichkeiten rund um Forschungsdatenmanagement gekl{\"a}rt und anschließend die wichtigsten nationalen und internationalen Strategien und Entwicklungen vorgestellt. Dabei bilden Richtlinien und Empfehlungen f{\"u}r Forschungsdaten(management) den Handlungsrahmen f{\"u}r alle Beteiligte hin zu einem nachhaltigen Forschungsdatenmanagement. Bundeslandinitiativen schaffen die Grundlage und unterst{\"u}tzen den Kulturwandel zu offenen Daten. Eine Forschungsdaten-Strategie f{\"u}r Brandenburg muss die Bedeutung von digitalen Forschungsdaten als wissenschaftliches Gut in den Vordergrund stellen, indem daf{\"u}r das Bewusstsein geschaffen wird und konkrete Vorgaben und Leitlinien auf Landes- und Einrichtungsebene vereinbart werden. Gute wissenschaftliche Praxis wird durch eine geeignete Infrastruktur unterst{\"u}tzt, welche die heterogenen Bedarfe und Voraussetzungen aller Beteiligten ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Ziele sollten die Institutionalisierung von Forschungsdatenmanagement an den Hochschulen und Kooperationen zwischen den Einrichtungen Brandenburgs sein.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DevittNealWageneretal.2021,
  author    = {Devitt, Laura and Neal, Jeffrey and Wagener, Thorsten and Coxon, Gemma},
  title     = {Uncertainty in the extreme flood magnitude estimates of large-scale flood hazard models},
  series = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1748-9326},
  doi       = {10.1088/1748-9326/abfac4},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The growing worldwide impact of flood events has motivated the development and application of global flood hazard models (GFHMs). These models have become useful tools for flood risk assessment and management, especially in regions where little local hazard information is available. One of the key uncertainties associated with GFHMs is the estimation of extreme flood magnitudes to generate flood hazard maps. In this study, the 1-in-100 year flood (Q100) magnitude was estimated using flow outputs from four global hydrological models (GHMs) and two global flood frequency analysis datasets for 1350 gauges across the conterminous US. The annual maximum flows of the observed and modelled timeseries of streamflow were bootstrapped to evaluate the sensitivity of the underlying data to extrapolation. Results show that there are clear spatial patterns of bias associated with each method. GHMs show a general tendency to overpredict Western US gauges and underpredict Eastern US gauges. The GloFAS and HYPE models underpredict Q100 by more than 25\% in 68\% and 52\% of gauges, respectively. The PCR-GLOBWB and CaMa-Flood models overestimate Q100 by more than 25\% at 60\% and 65\% of gauges in West and Central US, respectively. The global frequency analysis datasets have spatial variabilities that differ from the GHMs. We found that river basin area and topographic elevation explain some of the spatial variability in predictive performance found in this study. However, there is no single model or method that performs best everywhere, and therefore we recommend a weighted ensemble of predictions of extreme flood magnitudes should be used for large-scale flood hazard assessment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RitschelCherstvyMetzler2021,
  author    = {Ritschel, Stefan and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Metzler, Ralf},
  title     = {Universality of delay-time averages for financial time series},
  series = {Journal of physics. Complexity},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Journal of physics. Complexity},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {2632-072X},
  doi       = {10.1088/2632-072X/ac2220},
  pages     = {30},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We analyze historical data of stock-market prices for multiple financial indices using the concept of delay-time averaging for the financial time series (FTS). The region of validity of our recent theoretical predictions [Cherstvy A G et al 2017 New J. Phys. 19 063045] for the standard and delayed time-averaged mean-squared 'displacements' (TAMSDs) of the historical FTS is extended to all lag times. As the first novel element, we perform extensive computer simulations of the stochastic differential equation describing geometric Brownian motion (GBM) which demonstrate a quantitative agreement with the analytical long-term price-evolution predictions in terms of the delayed TAMSD (for all stock-market indices in crisis-free times). Secondly, we present a robust procedure of determination of the model parameters of GBM via fitting the features of the price-evolution dynamics in the FTS for stocks and cryptocurrencies. The employed concept of single-trajectory-based time averaging can serve as a predictive tool (proxy) for a mathematically based assessment and rationalization of probabilistic trends in the evolution of stock-market prices.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DespujolTurroBusquets2021,
  author    = {Despujol, Ignacio and Turr{\´o}, Carlos and Busquets, Jaime},
  title     = {Universitat Polit{\`e}cnica de Val{\`e}ncia's Experience with EDX MOOC Initiatives During the Covid Lockdown},
  series = {EMOOCs 2021},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {EMOOCs 2021},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-512-5},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51719},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517196},
  pages     = {181 -- 185},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In March 2020, when massive lockdowns started to be enforced around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, edX launched two initiatives to help students around the world providing free certificates for its courses, RAP, for member institutions and OCE, for any accredited academic institution. In this paper we analyze how Universitat Polt{\`e}cnica de Val{\`e}ncia contributed with its courses to both initiatives, providing almost 14,000 free certificate codes in total, and how UPV used the RAP initiative as a customer, describing the mechanism used to distribute more than 22,000 codes for free certificates to more than 7,000 UPV community members, what led to the achievement of more than 5,000 free certificates. We also comment the results of a post initiative survey answered by 1,612 UPV members about 3,241 edX courses, in which they communicated a satisfaction of 4,69 over 5 with the initiative.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiebelerVollbrechtNeubaetal.2021,
  author    = {Wiebeler, Christian and Vollbrecht, Joachim and Neuba, Adam and Kitzerow, Heinz and Schumacher, Stefan},
  title     = {Unraveling the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of neutral and negatively charged perylene tetraethylesters},
  series = {Scientific reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Scientific reports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-021-95551-0},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {A detailed investigation of the energy levels of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraethylester as a representative compound for the whole family of perylene esters was performed. It was revealed via electrochemical measurements that one oxidation and two reductions take place. The bandgaps determined via the electrochemical approach are in good agreement with the optical bandgap obtained from the absorption spectra via a Tauc plot. In addition, absorption spectra in dependence of the electrochemical potential were the basis for extensive quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic molecules. For this purpose, calculations based on density functional theory were compared with post-Hartree-Fock methods and the CAM-B3LYP functional proved to be the most reliable choice for the calculation of absorption spectra. Furthermore, spectral features found experimentally could be reproduced with vibronic calculations and allowed to understand their origins. In particular, the two lowest energy absorption bands of the anion are not caused by absorption of two distinct electronic states, which might have been expected from vertical excitation calculations, but both states exhibit a strong vibronic progression resulting in contributions to both bands.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WestphalVockKretschmann2021,
  author    = {Westphal, Andrea and Vock, Miriam and Kretschmann, Julia},
  title     = {Unravelling the relationship between teacher-assigned grades, student personality, and standardized test scores},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627440},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The Big Five personality traits play a major role in student achievement. As such, there is consistent evidence that students that are more conscientious receive better teacher-assigned grades in secondary school. However, research often does not support the claim that students that are more conscientious similarly achieve higher scores in domain-specific standardized achievement tests. Based on the Invest-and-Accrue Model, we argue that conscientiousness explains to some extent why certain students receive better grades despite similar academic accomplishments (i.e., achieving similar scores in domain-specific standardized achievement tests). Therefore, the present study examines to what extent the relationship between student personality and teacher-assigned grades consists of direct as opposed to indirect associations (via subject-specific standardized test scores). We used a representative sample of 14,710 ninth-grade students to estimate these direct and indirect pathways in mathematics and German. Structural equation models showed that test scores explained between 8 and 11\% of the variance in teacher-assigned grades in mathematics and German. The Big Five personality traits in students additionally explained between 8 and 10\% of the variance in grades. Finally, the personality-grade relationship consisted of direct (0.02 | β| ≤ 0.27) and indirect associations via test scores (0.01 | β| ≤ 0.07). Conscientiousness explained discrepancies between teacher-assigned grades and students' scores in domain-specific standardized tests to a greater extent than any of the other Big Five personality traits. Our findings suggest that students that are more conscientious may invest more effort to accomplish classroom goals, but fall short of mastery.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{DillenardtThieken2021,
  author    = {Dillenardt, Lisa and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Untersuchung der r{\"a}umlichen Verteilung von Bodenk{\"u}hlpotenzialen in Remscheid},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52667},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526670},
  pages     = {III, 40},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Eine Zunahme der allgemeinen Temperatur auf Grund des Klimawandels und die damit einhergehende Zunahme von Hitzewellen f{\"u}hrten dazu, dass das Landesamt f{\"u}r Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen (LANUV) einen Leitfaden f{\"u}r den Schutz der positiven Klimafunktion urbaner B{\"o}den herausgab. Darauf aufbauend wurde auf regionaler Ebene f{\"u}r die Stadt D{\"u}sseldorf die K{\"u}hlleistung der urbanen B{\"o}den quantifiziert, um besonders schutzw{\"u}rdige Bereiche zu identifizieren. Im Rahmen des Projektes ExTrass sollte nun die K{\"u}hlleistung urbaner B{\"o}den innerhalb Remscheids quantifiziert werden, jedoch auf Basis von frei zug{\"a}nglichen Daten. Eine solche Datengrundlage schließt eine Modellierung des Bodenwasserhaushaltes, welches die Grundlage der Quantifizierung in D{\"u}sseldorf war, f{\"u}r Remscheid aus. Jedoch bietet der vorgestellte Ansatz die M{\"o}glichkeit, eine solche Untersuchung auch in anderen Gemeinden innerhalb Deutschlands mit relativ wenig Aufwand durchzuf{\"u}hren. Die K{\"u}hlleistung der B{\"o}den wurde {\"u}ber die nutzbare Feldkapazit{\"a}t abgesch{\"a}tzt, welche das Wasserspeichervolumen der obersten durchwurzelten Bodenzone angibt. Es ist der Bodenwasserspeicher, der Wasser f{\"u}r die Evapotranspiration zur Verf{\"u}gung stellt und damit maßgeblich die K{\"u}hlleistung eines Bodens definiert, d.h. durch direkte Evaporation des Bodenwassers sowie durch die Transpiration von Wasser durch Pflanzen. In die Erstellung der Karte sind eingegangen: (a) die Bodenkarte Nordrhein-Westfalens (BK50), um die nutzbare Feldkapazit{\"a}t (nFK) je Fl{\"a}che zu bestimmen; (b) der Landnutzungsdatensatz UrbanAtlas 2012, in Verbindung mit einer Literaturrecherche, um den Einfluss der Landnutzung auf die Werte der nFK, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Versiegelung und Verdichtung herzuleiten; und (c) OpenStreetMap (OSM), um den Anteil der versiegelten Fl{\"a}chen genauer zu bestimmen, als dies auf Basis des UrbanAtlas m{\"o}glich gewesen w{\"a}re. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz geeignet ist, um die r{\"a}umliche Verteilung der potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlfunktion innerhalb einer Stadt zu untersuchen. Es ist zu beachten, dass der Einfluss des Grundwassers in Remscheid nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden konnte. Denn es ist damit zu rechnen, dass die Grundwasserverh{\"a}ltnisse aufgrund der geologischen und topographischen Situation in Remscheid kleinr{\"a}umig Variationen unterliegen und es somit keinen durchg{\"a}ngigen und kartierten Aquifer gibt. Kleingartenanlagen, Parks und Friedh{\"o}he im innerst{\"a}dtischen Bereich und allgemein die Landnutzungsklassen Wald und Gr{\"u}nland wurden als Fl{\"a}chen mit einem besonders hohem potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlpotenzial identifiziert. Solche Fl{\"a}chen sind besonders sch{\"u}tzenswert. Die Analyse der Speicherf{\"u}llst{\"a}nde der oberen Bodenzone, basierend auf der erstellten Karte der potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlfunktion und der klimatischen Wasserbilanz, ergab, dass besonders innerst{\"a}dtische Fl{\"a}chen, die einen kleinen Bodenwasserspeicher haben, in einem trockenen Jahr bereits fr{\"u}h im Sommer ihre K{\"u}hlfunktion verlieren und bei Hitzewellen somit eine verringerte positive Klimafunktion haben. Gest{\"u}tzt wird diese Aussage durch eine Auswertung des normalisierten differenzierten Vegetationsindex (NDVI), der genutzt wurde, um die Ver{\"a}nderung der Pflanzenvitalit{\"a}t vor und nach einer Hitzeperiode im Juni/Juli 2018 zu untersuchen. Messungen mit Meteobikes, einer Vorrichtung, die dazu geeignet ist, w{\"a}hrend einer Radfahrt kontinuierlich die Temperatur zu messen, st{\"u}tzen die Erkenntnis, dass innerst{\"a}dtische Gr{\"u}nfl{\"a}chen wie Parks eine positive Wirkung auf das urbane Mikroklima haben. Weiterhin zeigen diese Messungen, dass die Topographie innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes die Aufheizung einzelner Fl{\"a}chen und die Temperaturverteilung vermutlich mitbestimmt. Die hier vorgestellte Karte der potenziellen K{\"u}hlfunktion f{\"u}r Remscheid sollte als Erg{\"a}nzung in die Klimafunktionskarte f{\"u}r Remscheid eingehen und den bestehenden Layer „fl{\"a}chenhafte Klimafunktion", der nur die Landnutzung ber{\"u}cksichtigt, ersetzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Schmidt2021,
  author    = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo},
  title     = {Urbanisation and local government - an introduction},
  series = {Urbanisation and local government(s)},
  booktitle = {Urbanisation and local government(s)},
  editor    = {Hoffman, Istv{\´a}n and Rozsnyai, Krisztina F. and Nagy, Marianna},
  publisher = {Institute for Local Self-Government},
  address   = {Maribor},
  isbn      = {978-961-7124-06-4},
  doi       = {10.4335/2021.7},
  pages     = {5 -- 14},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This introductory essay is structured as follows: First of all, several forms of urbanisation (I.) are introduced and the processes of urbanisation and dis-urbanisation (II.) are defined. Then four fields of law which are deeply affected by urbanisation are put into the focus. These are, local government law (III.), but also public building law (IV.), civil service law (V.) and public finance law (VI.). Afterwards the effects of the corona pandemic on these fields of law are contemplated, taking account of the process of urbanisation (VII.). Finally, the main results are summarised (VIII.).},
  language  = {en}
}