@article{TiegsCostelloIskenetal.2019, author = {Tiegs, Scott D. and Costello, David M. and Isken, Mark W. and Woodward, Guy and McIntyre, Peter B. and Gessner, Mark O. and Chauvet, Eric and Griffiths, Natalie A. and Flecker, Alex S. and Acuna, Vicenc and Albarino, Ricardo and Allen, Daniel C. and Alonso, Cecilia and Andino, Patricio and Arango, Clay and Aroviita, Jukka and Barbosa, Marcus V. M. and Barmuta, Leon A. and Baxter, Colden V. and Bell, Thomas D. C. and Bellinger, Brent and Boyero, Luz and Brown, Lee E. and Bruder, Andreas and Bruesewitz, Denise A. and Burdon, Francis J. and Callisto, Marcos and Canhoto, Cristina and Capps, Krista A. and Castillo, Maria M. and Clapcott, Joanne and Colas, Fanny and Colon-Gaud, Checo and Cornut, Julien and Crespo-Perez, Veronica and Cross, Wyatt F. and Culp, Joseph M. and Danger, Michael and Dangles, Olivier and de Eyto, Elvira and Derry, Alison M. and Diaz Villanueva, Veronica and Douglas, Michael M. and Elosegi, Arturo and Encalada, Andrea C. and Entrekin, Sally and Espinosa, Rodrigo and Ethaiya, Diana and Ferreira, Veronica and Ferriol, Carmen and Flanagan, Kyla M. and Fleituch, Tadeusz and Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad and Frainer, Andre and Friberg, Nikolai and Frost, Paul C. and Garcia, Erica A. and Lago, Liliana Garcia and Garcia Soto, Pavel Ernesto and Ghate, Sudeep and Giling, Darren P. and Gilmer, Alan and Goncalves, Jose Francisco and Gonzales, Rosario Karina and Graca, Manuel A. S. and Grace, Mike and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Guerold, Francois and Gulis, Vlad and Hepp, Luiz U. and Higgins, Scott and Hishi, Takuo and Huddart, Joseph and Hudson, John and Imberger, Samantha and Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos and Iwata, Tomoya and Janetski, David J. and Jennings, Eleanor and Kirkwood, Andrea E. and Koning, Aaron A. and Kosten, Sarian and Kuehn, Kevin A. and Laudon, Hjalmar and Leavitt, Peter R. and Lemes da Silva, Aurea L. and Leroux, Shawn J. and Leroy, Carri J. and Lisi, Peter J. and MacKenzie, Richard and Marcarelli, Amy M. and Masese, Frank O. and Mckie, Brendan G. and Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana and Meissner, Kristian and Milisa, Marko and Mishra, Shailendra and Miyake, Yo and Moerke, Ashley and Mombrikotb, Shorok and Mooney, Rob and Moulton, Tim and Muotka, Timo and Negishi, Junjiro N. and Neres-Lima, Vinicius and Nieminen, Mika L. and Nimptsch, Jorge and Ondruch, Jakub and Paavola, Riku and Pardo, Isabel and Patrick, Christopher J. and Peeters, Edwin T. H. M. and Pozo, Jesus and Pringle, Catherine and Prussian, Aaron and Quenta, Estefania and Quesada, Antonio and Reid, Brian and Richardson, John S. and Rigosi, Anna and Rincon, Jose and Risnoveanu, Geta and Robinson, Christopher T. and Rodriguez-Gallego, Lorena and Royer, Todd V. and Rusak, James A. and Santamans, Anna C. and Selmeczy, Geza B. and Simiyu, Gelas and Skuja, Agnija and Smykla, Jerzy and Sridhar, Kandikere R. and Sponseller, Ryan and Stoler, Aaron and Swan, Christopher M. and Szlag, David and Teixeira-de Mello, Franco and Tonkin, Jonathan D. and Uusheimo, Sari and Veach, Allison M. and Vilbaste, Sirje and Vought, Lena B. M. and Wang, Chiao-Ping and Webster, Jackson R. and Wilson, Paul B. and Woelfl, Stefan and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A. and Yates, Adam G. and Yoshimura, Chihiro and Yule, Catherine M. and Zhang, Yixin X. and Zwart, Jacob A.}, title = {Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones}, series = {Science Advances}, volume = {5}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2375-2548}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aav0486}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.}, language = {en} } @article{WoodfieldHorneGlauertetal.2018, author = {Woodfield, Emma E. and Horne, Richard B. and Glauert, S. A. and Menietti, J. D. and Shprits, Yuri and Kurth, William S.}, title = {Formation of electron radiation belts at Saturn by Z-mode wave acceleration}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-07549-4}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {At Saturn electrons are trapped in the planet's magnetic field and accelerated to relativistic energies to form the radiation belts, but how this dramatic increase in electron energy occurs is still unknown. Until now the mechanism of radial diffusion has been assumed but we show here that in-situ acceleration through wave particle interactions, which initial studies dismissed as ineffectual at Saturn, is in fact a vital part of the energetic particle dynamics there. We present evidence from numerical simulations based on Cassini spacecraft data that a particular plasma wave, known as Z-mode, accelerates electrons to MeV energies inside 4 RS (1 RS = 60,330 km) through a Doppler shifted cyclotron resonant interaction. Our results show that the Z-mode waves observed are not oblique as previously assumed and are much better accelerators than O-mode waves, resulting in an electron energy spectrum that closely approaches observed values without any transport effects included.}, language = {en} } @article{QuarmbyZhangGeisleretal.2023, author = {Quarmby, Andrew and Zhang, Martin and Geisler, Moritz and Javorsky, Tomas and Mugele, Hendrik and Cassel, Michael and Lawley, Justin}, title = {Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers}, series = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-9367}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2023.1269870}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Introduction Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Results Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a "crimp" grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. Discussion This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031).}, language = {en} }