@article{Tomioka2007, author = {Tomioka, Satoshi}, title = {Intervention effects in focus}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, volume = {9}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, editor = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24502}, pages = {97 -- 118}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The most recent trend in the studies of LF intervention effects makes crucial reference to focusing effects on the interveners, and this paper critically examines the representative analyses of the focus-based approach. While each analysis has its own merits and shortcomings, I argue that a pragmatic analysis that does not make appeal to syntactic configurations is better equipped to deal with many of the complex and delicate facts surrounding intervention effects.}, language = {en} } @article{Kubozono2007, author = {Kubozono, Haruo}, title = {Focus and intonation in Japanese}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, volume = {9}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, editor = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24472}, pages = {1 -- 27}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This paper discusses how focus changes prosodic structure in Tokyo Japanese. It is generally believed that focus blocks the intonational process of downstep and causes a pitch reset. This paper presents experimental evidence against this traditional view by looking at the prosodic behavior of Wh words, which receive focus lexically in Japanese as in other languages. It is demonstrated, specifically, that the focused Wh element does not block downstep although it receives a much higher pitch than its preceding element. This suggests that presence of lexical focus does not trigger pitch reset in Japanese.}, language = {en} } @book{Heidenhain2007, author = {Heidenhain, Brigitte}, title = {Juden in Wriezen}, series = {Pri ha-Pardes}, journal = {Pri ha-Pardes}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-939469-39-1}, issn = {1863-7442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15198}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {184}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Pri ha-Pardes (Fr{\"u}chte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Zentrum f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes m{\"o}chte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im ersten Band dieser Reihe zeichnet Brigitte Heidenhain die Geschichte der Juden in Wriezen nach, welche 1677 einsetzte und 1940 mit ihrer Vertreibung und Ermordung endete. Zahlreiche, zumeist bislang unbeachtete Quellen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aus brandenburgischen und Berliner Archiven lassen die Auswirkungen der preußischen Judenpolitik im Leben des Einzelnen und der Gemeinde lebendig vor uns erstehen. Im 18. Jahrhundert war die Existenz der Wriezener Juden vom Kampf um die Aufenthaltserlaubnis und gegen drohende Verarmung gepr{\"a}gt. Die im 19. Jahrhundert neu gewonnene Niederlassungsfreiheit brachte eine Vergr{\"o}ßerung der j{\"u}dischen Gemeinde mit sich und gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts eine leichte Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Lage. {\"U}ber das schnelle und vollst{\"a}ndige Ende j{\"u}dischen Lebens in Wriezen nach 1938 gibt es kaum schriftliche Informationen. Die wichtigste Quelle ist die Datenbank der Ged{\"a}chtnisst{\"a}tte JadwaSchem in Jerusalem. In ihr wird die Erinnerung an 56 namentlich bekannte ermordete Wriezener Juden aufbewahrt. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des seit 1730 existierenden j{\"u}dischen Friedhofes und der Erfassung der hebr{\"a}ischen Grabinschriften abgeschlossen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Kleinwaechter2007, author = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, title = {Statistik : Struktur und Einsatzkr{\"a}fte der Bundeswehr}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-23236}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Inhalt: Personalstruktur der Bundeswehr Strucktur der Bundeswehr und des Einsatzf{\"u}hrungskommandos St{\"a}rke der deutschen Einsatzkontingente}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KrtičkaPulsKubat2007, author = {Krtička, Jiri and Puls, Joachim and Kub{\´a}t, Jiř{\´i}}, title = {The influence of clumping on predicted O star wind parameters}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17969}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We study the influence of clumping on the predicted wind structure of O-type stars. For this purpose we artificially include clumping into our stationary wind models. When the clumps are assumed to be optically thin, the radiative line force increases compared to corresponding unclumped models, with a similar effect on either the mass-loss rate or the terminal velocity (depending on the onset of clumping). Optically thick clumps, alternatively, might be able to decrease the radiative force.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrausKubatKrtička2007, author = {Kraus, M. and Kub{\´a}t, Jiř{\´i} and Krtička, Jiri}, title = {Wind emission of OB supergiants and the influence of clumping}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17757}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The influence of the wind to the total continuum of OB supergiants is discussed. For wind velocity distributions with β > 1.0, the wind can have strong influence to the total continuum emission, even at optical wavelengths. Comparing the continuum emission of clumped and unclumped winds, especially for stars with high β values, delivers flux differences of up to 30\% with maximum in the near-IR. Continuum observations at these wavelengths are therefore an ideal tool to discriminate between clumped and unclumped winds of OB supergiants.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schroeder2007, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Birgit Eva}, title = {Spatial and temporal dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle : assimilation of two decades of optical satellite data into a process-based global vegetation model}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17596}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This PhD thesis presents the spatio-temporal distribution of terrestrial carbon fluxes for the time period of 1982 to 2002 simulated by a combination of the process-based dynamic global vegetation model LPJ and a 21-year time series of global AVHRR-fPAR data (fPAR - fraction of photosynthetically active radiation). Assimilation of the satellite data into the model allows improved simulations of carbon fluxes on global as well as on regional scales. As it is based on observed data and includes agricultural regions, the model combined with satellite data produces more realistic carbon fluxes of net primary production (NPP), soil respiration, carbon released by fire and the net land-atmosphere flux than the potential vegetation model. It also produces a good fit to the interannual variability of the CO2 growth rate. Compared to the original model, the model with satellite data constraint produces generally smaller carbon fluxes than the purely climate-based stand-alone simulation of potential natural vegetation, now comparing better to literature estimates. The lower net fluxes are a result of a combination of several effects: reduction in vegetation cover, consideration of human influence and agricultural areas, an improved seasonality, changes in vegetation distribution and species composition. This study presents a way to assess terrestrial carbon fluxes and elucidates the processes contributing to interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon exchange. Process-based terrestrial modelling and satellite-observed vegetation data are successfully combined to improve estimates of vegetation carbon fluxes and stocks. As net ecosystem exchange is the most interesting and most sensitive factor in carbon cycle modelling and highly uncertain, the presented results complementary contribute to the current knowledge, supporting the understanding of the terrestrial carbon budget.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jiang2007, author = {Jiang, Chunyan}, title = {Multi-visualization and hybrid segmentation approaches within telemedicine framework}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12829}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The innovation of information techniques has changed many aspects of our life. In health care field, we can obtain, manage and communicate high-quality large volumetric image data by computer integrated devices, to support medical care. In this dissertation I propose several promising methods that could assist physicians in processing, observing and communicating the image data. They are included in my three research aspects: telemedicine integration, medical image visualization and image segmentation. And these methods are also demonstrated by the demo software that I developed. One of my research point focuses on medical information storage standard in telemedicine, for example DICOM, which is the predominant standard for the storage and communication of medical images. I propose a novel 3D image data storage method, which was lacking in current DICOM standard. I also created a mechanism to make use of the non-standard or private DICOM files. In this thesis I present several rendering techniques on medical image visualization to offer different display manners, both 2D and 3D, for example, cut through data volume in arbitrary degree, rendering the surface shell of the data, and rendering the semi-transparent volume of the data. A hybrid segmentation approach, designed for semi-automated segmentation of radiological image, such as CT, MRI, etc, is proposed in this thesis to get the organ or interested area from the image. This approach takes advantage of the region-based method and boundary-based methods. Three steps compose the hybrid approach: the first step gets coarse segmentation by fuzzy affinity and generates homogeneity operator; the second step divides the image by Voronoi Diagram and reclassifies the regions by the operator to refine segmentation from the previous step; the third step handles vague boundary by level set model. Topics for future research are mentioned in the end, including new supplement for DICOM standard for segmentation information storage, visualization of multimodal image information, and improvement of the segmentation approach to higher dimension.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wagner2007, author = {Wagner, Dirk}, title = {Microbial perspectives of the methane cycle in permafrost ecosystems in the Eastern Siberian Arctic : implications for the global methane budget}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15434}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The Arctic plays a key role in Earth's climate system as global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes and because one third of the global carbon pool is stored in ecosystems of the northern latitudes. In order to improve our understanding of the present and future carbon dynamics in climate sensitive permafrost ecosystems, the present study concentrates on investigations of microbial controls of methane fluxes, on the activity and structure of the involved microbial communities, and on their response to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose an integrated research strategy was applied, which connects trace gas flux measurements to soil ecological characterisation of permafrost habitats and molecular ecological analyses of microbial populations. Furthermore, methanogenic archaea isolated from Siberian permafrost have been used as potential keystone organisms for studying and assessing life under extreme living conditions. Long-term studies on methane fluxes were carried out since 1998. These studies revealed considerable seasonal and spatial variations of methane emissions for the different landscape units ranging from 0 to 362 mg m-2 d-1. For the overall balance of methane emissions from the entire delta, the first land cover classification based on Landsat images was performed and applied for an upscaling of the methane flux data sets. The regionally weighted mean daily methane emissions of the Lena Delta (10 mg m-2 d-1) are only one fifth of the values calculated for other Arctic tundra environments. The calculated annual methane emission of the Lena Delta amounts to about 0.03 Tg. The low methane emission rates obtained in this study are the result of the used remotely sensed high-resolution data basis, which provides a more realistic estimation of the real methane emissions on a regional scale. Soil temperature and near soil surface atmospheric turbulence were identified as the driving parameters of methane emissions. A flux model based on these variables explained variations of the methane budget corresponding to continuous processes of microbial methane production and oxidation, and gas diffusion through soil and plants reasonably well. The results show that the Lena Delta contributes significantly to the global methane balance because of its extensive wetland areas. The microbiological investigations showed that permafrost soils are colonized by high numbers of microorganisms. The total biomass is comparable to temperate soil ecosystems. Activities of methanogens and methanotrophs differed significantly in their rates and distribution patterns along both the vertical profiles and the different investigated soils. The methane production rates varied between 0.3 and 38.9 nmol h-1 g-1, while the methane oxidation ranged from 0.2 to 7.0 nmol h-1 g-1. Phylogenetic analyses of methanogenic communities revealed a distinct diversity of methanogens affiliated to Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae, which partly form four specific permafrost clusters. The results demonstrate the close relationship between methane fluxes and the fundamental microbiological processes in permafrost soils. The microorganisms do not only survive in their extreme habitat but also can be metabolic active under in situ conditions. It was shown that a slight increase of the temperature can lead to a substantial increase in methanogenic activity within perennially frozen deposits. In case of degradation, this would lead to an extensive expansion of the methane deposits with their subsequent impacts on total methane budget. Further studies on the stress response of methanogenic archaea, especially Methanosarcina SMA-21, isolated from Siberian permafrost, revealed an unexpected resistance of the microorganisms against unfavourable living conditions. A better adaptation to environmental stress was observed at 4 °C compared to 28 °C. For the first time it could be demonstrated that methanogenic archaea from terrestrial permafrost even survived simulated Martian conditions. The results show that permafrost methanogens are more resistant than methanogens from non-permafrost environments under Mars-like climate conditions. Microorganisms comparable to methanogens from terrestrial permafrost can be seen as one of the most likely candidates for life on Mars due to their physiological potential and metabolic specificity.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-1574, title = {Clumping in hot-star winds : proceedings of an international workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 18. - 22. June 2007}, editor = {Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Feldmeier, Achim and Oskinova, Lidia M.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-940793-33-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13981}, pages = {254}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Stellar winds play an important role for the evolution of massive stars and their cosmic environment. Multiple lines of evidence, coming from spectroscopy, polarimetry, variability, stellar ejecta, and hydrodynamic modeling, suggest that stellar winds are non-stationary and inhomogeneous. This is referred to as 'wind clumping'. The urgent need to understand this phenomenon is boosted by its far-reaching implications. Most importantly, all techniques to derive empirical mass-loss rates are more or less corrupted by wind clumping. Consequently, mass-loss rates are extremely uncertain. Within their range of uncertainty, completely different scenarios for the evolution of massive stars are obtained. Settling these questions for Galactic OB, LBV and Wolf-Rayet stars is prerequisite to understanding stellar clusters and galaxies, or predicting the properties of first-generation stars. In order to develop a consistent picture and understanding of clumped stellar winds, an international workshop on 'Clumping in Hot Star Winds' was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 18. - 22. June 2007. About 60 participants, comprising almost all leading experts in the field, gathered for one week of extensive exchange and discussion. The Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) included John Brown (Glasgow), Joseph Cassinelli (Madison), Paul Crowther (Sheffield), Alex Fullerton (Baltimore), Wolf-Rainer Hamann (Potsdam, chair), Anthony Moffat (Montreal), Stan Owocki (Newark), and Joachim Puls (Munich). These proceedings contain the invited and contributed talks presented at the workshop, and document the extensive discussions.}, language = {en} }