@techreport{Nastansky2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Nastansky, Andreas},
  title     = {Topologische Datenanalyse},
  series = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {53},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43142},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431420},
  pages     = {38},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Bei der Analyse von h{\"o}herdimensionalen Daten kann deren Gestalt wichtige Informationen {\"u}ber den Datensatz liefern. Bei einer gegebenen Punktwolke, die aus einem unbekannten topologischen Raum ausgew{\"a}hlt wurde, versucht die Topologische Datenanalyse (TDA) den urspr{\"u}nglichen Raum zu rekonstruieren. Dieser Beitrag soll eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die Topologische Datenanalyse geben und konzentriert sich dabei auf zwei wichtige Aspekte: die Persistente Homologie und den Mapper. Dabei werden zuerst die notwendigen theoretischen Grundlagen vorgestellt und anschließend wird die Methodik bei der Visualisierung von Daten eingesetzt. Die Persistente Homologie ist eines der Standardwerkzeuge in der TDA. Sie findet ihre Anwendung beispielsweise in den Bereichen Formerkennung und -beschreibung. Der Mapper als zweites wichtiges Konzept der TDA wandelt umfangreiche, h{\"o}herdimensionale Datens{\"a}tze in Simplizialkomplexe um und kann dadurch geometrische und topologische Eigenschaften der Daten bestimmen. Des Weiteren ist die Mapper-Methode ein brauchbares Werkzeug zur Visualisierungen von mehrdimensionalen Daten, woran statistische Verfahren scheitern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{MuellerWrohlich2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Kai-Uwe and Wrohlich, Katharina},
  title     = {Does subsidized care for toddlers increase maternal labor supply?},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42772},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427727},
  pages     = {50},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Expanding public or publicly subsidized childcare has been a top social policy priority in many industrialized countries. It is supposed to increase fertility, promote children's development and enhance mothers' labor market attachment. In this paper, we analyze the causal effect of one of the largest expansions of subsidized childcare for children up to three years among industrialized countries on the employment of mothers in Germany. Identification is based on spatial and temporal variation in the expansion of publicly subsidized childcare triggered by two comprehensive childcare policy reforms. The empirical analysis is based on the German Microcensus that is matched to county level data on childcare availability. Based on our preferred specification which includes time and county fixed effects we find that an increase in childcare slots by one percentage point increases mothers' labor market participation rate by 0.2 percentage points. The overall increase in employment is explained by the rise in part-time employment with relatively long hours (20-35 hours per week). We do not find a change in full-time employment or lower part-time employment that is causally related to the childcare expansion. The effect is almost entirely driven by mothers with medium-level qualifications. Mothers with low education levels do not profit from this reform calling for a stronger policy focus on particularly disadvantaged groups in coming years.},
  language  = {en}
}