@article{Meyer2005, author = {Meyer, Roland}, title = {VP-fronting in Czech and Polish}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8662}, pages = {87 -- 115}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Fronting of an infinite VP across a finite main verb-akin to German "VP-topicalization"-can be found also in Czech and Polish. The paper discusses evidence from large corpora for this process and some of its properties, both syntactic and information-structural. Based on this case, criteria for more user-friedly searching and retrieval of corpus data in syntactic research are being developed.}, language = {en} } @article{Elbourne2005, author = {Elbourne, Paul}, title = {The Semantics of Ellipsis}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8722}, pages = {63 -- 109}, year = {2005}, abstract = {There are four phenomena that are particularly troublesome for theories of ellipsis: the existence of sloppy readings when the relevant pronouns cannot possibly be bound; an ellipsis being resolved in such a way that an ellipsis site in the antecedent is not understood in the way it was there; an ellipsis site drawing material from two or more separate antecedents; and ellipsis with no linguistic antecedent. These cases are accounted for by means of a new theory that involves copying syntactically incomplete antecedent material and an analysis of silent VPs and NPs that makes them into higher order definite descriptions that can be bound into.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoktorBadeckBondeauetal.2006, author = {Doktor, Daniel and Badeck, Franz-Werner and Bondeau, Alberte and Koslowsky, Dirk and Schaber, J{\"o}rg and McAllister, Murdock}, title = {Using satellite imagery and ground observations to quantify the effect of intra-annually changing temperature patterns on spring time phenology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7244}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Interdisziplin{\"a}res Zentrum f{\"u}r Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaerkerSchroederEsselbachCapolongoetal.2006, author = {M{\"a}rker, Michael and Schr{\"o}der-Esselbach, Boris and Capolongo, Domenico and Bentivenga, Mario}, title = {Geomorphological and pedological processes in badland areas of Southern Italy and their interaction with Mediterranean vegetation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7288}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Interdisziplin{\"a}res Zentrum f{\"u}r Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006}, language = {en} } @misc{KochLaschewskyRingsdorfetal.1986, author = {Koch, Horst and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, Helmut and Teng, Kang}, title = {Photodimerization and photopolymerization of amphiphilic cinnamic acid derivatives in oriented monolayers, vesicles and solution}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17111}, year = {1986}, abstract = {Cinnamic acid moieties were incorporated into amphiphilic compounds containing one and two alkyl chains. These lipid-like compounds with photoreactive units undergo self-organization to form monolayers at the gas-water interface and bilayer structures (vesicles) in aqueous solutions. The photoreaction of the cinnamic acid moiety induced by 254 nm UV light was investigated in the crystalline state, in monolayers, in vesicles and in solution in organic solvents. The single-chain amphiphiles undergo dimerization to yield photoproducts with twice the molecular weight of the corresponding monomers in organized systems. The photoreaction of amphiphiles containing two cinnamic acid groups occurs via two mechanisms: The intramolecular dimerization produces bicycles, with retention of the molecular weight of the corresponding monomer. The intermolecular reaction leads to oligomeric and polymeric photoproducts. In contrast to the single-chain amphiphiles, photodimerization processes of lipoids containing two cinnamic acid moieties also occur in solution in organic solvents.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlbrechtCummingKreuderetal.1986, author = {Albrecht, O. and Cumming, W. and Kreuder, W. and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, Helmut}, title = {Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17124}, year = {1986}, abstract = {Calamitic (rod-shaped) and discotic (disc-shaped) thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) compounds were spread at the air-water interface, and their ability to form monolayers was studied. The calamitic LCs investigated were found to form monolayers which behave analogously to conventional amphiphiles such as fatty acids. The spreading of the discotic LCs produced monolayers as well, but with a behaviour different from classical amphiphiles. The areas occupied per molecule are too small to allow the contact of all hydrophilic groups with the water surface and the packing of all hydrophobic chains. Various molecular arrangements of the discotics at the water surface to fit the spreading data are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hirschi2007, author = {Hirschi, Raphael}, title = {The impact of reduced mass loss rates on the evolution of massive stars}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17616}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Mass loss is a very important aspect of the life of massive stars. After briefly reviewing its importance, we discuss the impact of the recently proposed downward revision of mass loss rates due to clumping (difficulty to form Wolf-Rayet stars and production of critically rotating stars). Although a small reduction might be allowed, large reduction factors around ten are disfavoured. We then discuss the possibility of significant mass loss at very low metallicity due to stars reaching break-up velocities and especially due to the metal enrichment of the surface of the star via rotational and convective mixing. This significant mass loss may help the first very massive stars avoid the fate of pair-creation supernova, the chemical signature of which is not observed in extremely metal poor stars. The chemical composition of the very low metallicity winds is very similar to that of the most metal poor star known to date, HE1327-2326 and offer an interesting explanation for the origin of the metals in this star. We also discuss the importance of mass loss in the context of long and soft gamma-ray bursts and pair-creation supernovae. Finally, we would like to stress that mass loss in cooler parts of the HR-diagram (luminous blue variable and yellow and red supergiant stages) are much more uncertain than in the hot part. More work needs to be done in these areas to better constrain the evolution of the most massive stars.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FullertonMassaPrinja2007, author = {Fullerton, A. W. and Massa, D. L. and Prinja, R. K.}, title = {Revised mass-loss rates for O stars from the Pv resonance line}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17647}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The P v λλ1118, 1128 resonance doublet is an extraordinarily useful diagnostic of O-star winds, because it bypasses the traditional problems associated with determining mass-loss rates from UV resonance lines. We discuss critically the assumptions and uncertainties involved with using P v to diagnose mass-loss rates, and conclude that the large discrepancies between massloss rates determined from P v and the rates determined from "density squared" emission processes pose a significant challenge to the "standard model" of hot-star winds. The disparate measurements can be reconciled if the winds of O-type stars are strongly clumped on small spatial scales, which in turn implies that mass-loss rates based on Hα or radio emission are too large by up to an order of magnitude.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BouretLanzHillieretal.2007, author = {Bouret, J.-C. and Lanz, T. and Hillier, D. J. and Foellmi, C.}, title = {Clumping in O-type Supergiants}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17662}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We have analyzed the spectra of seven Galactic O4 supergiants, with the NLTE wind code CMFGEN. For all stars, we have found that clumped wind models match well lines from different species spanning a wavelength range from FUV to optical, and remain consistent with Hα data. We have achieved an excellent match of the P V λλ1118, 1128 resonance doublet and N IV λ1718, as well as He II λ4686 suggesting that our physical description of clumping is adequate. We find very small volume filling factors and that clumping starts deep in the wind, near the sonic point. The most crucial consequence of our analysis is that the mass loss rates of O stars need to be revised downward significantly, by a factor of 3 and more compared to those obtained from smooth-wind models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Gull2007, author = {Gull, T. R.}, title = {Eta Carinae viewed from different vantages}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18200}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The spatially-resolved winds of the massive binary, Eta Carinae, extend an arcsecond on the sky, well beyond the 10 to 20 milliarcsecond binary orbital dimension. Stellar wind line profiles, observed at very different angular resolutions of VLTI/AMBER, HST/STIS and VLT/UVES, provide spatial information on the extended wind interaction structure as it changes with orbital phase. These same wind lines, observable in the starlight scattered off the foreground lobe of the dusty Homunculus, provide time-variant line profiles viewed from significantly different angles. Comparisons of direct and scattered wind profiles observed in the same epoch and at different orbital phases provide insight on the extended wind structure and promise the potential for three-dimensional imaging of the outer wind structures. Massive, long-lasting clumps, including the nebularWeigelt blobs, originated during the two historical ejection events. Wind interactions with these clumps are quite noticeable in spatially-resolved spectroscopy. As the 2009.0 minimum approaches, analysis of existing spectra and 3-D modeling are providing bases for key observations to gain further understanding of this complex massive binary.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Reimer2007, author = {Reimer, A.}, title = {Clumping effects on non-thermal particle spectra in massive star systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18246}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Observational evidence exists that winds of massive stars are clumped. Many massive star systems are known as non-thermal particle production sites, as indicated by their synchrotron emission in the radio band. As a consequence they are also considered as candidate sites for non-thermal high-energy photon production up to gamma-ray energies. The present work considers the effects of wind clumpiness expected on the emitting relativistic particle spectrum in colliding wind systems, built up from the pool of thermal wind particles through diffusive particle acceleration, and taking into account inverse Compton and synchrotron losses. In comparison to a homogeneous wind, a clumpy wind causes flux variations of the emitting particle spectrum when the clump enters the wind collision region. It is found that the spectral features associated with this variability moves temporally from low to high energy bands with the time shift between any two spectral bands being dependent on clump size, filling factor, and the energy-dependence of particle energy gains and losses.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchnurrCrowther2007, author = {Schnurr, O. and Crowther, P. A.}, title = {Mid-IR observations of WC stars, and the connection to wind clumping}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17884}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We present preliminary results of a tailored atmosphere analysis of six Galactic WC stars using UV, optical, and mid-infrared Spitzer IRS data. With these data, we are able to sample regions from 10 to 10³ stellar radii, thus to determine wind clumping in different parts of the wind. Ultimately, derived wind parameters will be used to accuratelymeasure neon abundances, and to so test predicted nuclear-reaction rates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VinkBenagliaDaviesetal.2007, author = {Vink, J. S. and Benaglia, P. and Davies, B. and de Koter, A. and Oudmaijer, R. D.}, title = {Advances in mass-loss predictions}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17948}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We present the results of Monte Carlo mass-loss predictions for massive stars covering a wide range of stellar parameters. We critically test our predictions against a range of observed massloss rates - in light of the recent discussions on wind clumping. We also present a model to compute the clumping-induced polarimetric variability of hot stars and we compare this with observations of Luminous Blue Variables, for which polarimetric variability is larger than for O and Wolf-Rayet stars. Luminous Blue Variables comprise an ideal testbed for studies of wind clumping and wind geometry, as well as for wind strength calculations, and we propose they may be direct supernova progenitors.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MoffatHillierHamannetal.2007, author = {Moffat, Anthony F. J. and Hillier, D. J. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Owocki, S. P.}, title = {General Discussion}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17953}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Clumping in hot-star winds : proceedings of an international workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 18. - 22. June 2007}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Sonneborn2007, author = {Sonneborn, G.}, title = {Imaging and spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17983}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope scheduled for launch in 2013. JWST will find the first stars and galaxies that formed in the early universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way galaxy. JWST will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the MilkyWay to our own Solar System. JWST's instruments are designed to work primarily in the infrared range of 1 - 28 μm, with some capability in the visible range. JWST will have a large mirror, 6.5 m in diameter, and will be diffraction-limited at 2 μm (0.1 arcsec resolution). JWST will be placed in an L2 orbit about 1.5 million km from the Earth. The instruments will provide imaging, coronography, and multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy across the 1 - 28 μm wavelength range. The breakthrough capabilities of JWST will enable new studies of massive star winds from the Milky Way to the early universe.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Owocki2007, author = {Owocki, S. P.}, title = {Dynamical simulation of the "velocity-porosity" reduction in observed strength of stellar wind lines}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17992}, year = {2007}, abstract = {I use dynamical simulations of the line-driven instability to examine the potential role of the resulting flow structure in reducing the observed strength of wind absorption lines. Instead of the porosity length formalism used to model effects on continuum absorption, I suggest reductions in line strength can be better characterized in terms of a velocity clumping factor that is insensitive to spatial scales. Examples of dynamic spectra computed directly from instability simulations do exhibit a net reduction in absorption, but only at a modest 10-20\% level that is well short of the ca. factor 10 required by recent analyses of PV lines.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Blomme2007, author = {Blomme, R.}, title = {Corotating Interaction Regions and clumping}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18100}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We present hydrodynamical models for Corotating Interaction Regions, which were used by Lobel (2007) to model the Discrete Absorption Components in HD 64760. We also discuss our failure to model the rotational modulations seen in the same star.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Kholtygin2007, author = {Kholtygin, A. F.}, title = {Wavelets for looking for clumping in the wind of OB stars}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17796}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Clumping in hot-star winds : proceedings of an international workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 18. - 22. June 2007}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{UrbanejaKudritzkiPuls2007, author = {Urbaneja, M. A. and Kudritzki, R.-P. and Puls, Joachim}, title = {Clumping in the winds of O-type CSPNs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17801}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Recent studies of massive O-type stars present clear evidences of inhomogeneous and clumped winds. O-type (H-rich) central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNs) are in some ways the low mass-low luminosity analogous of those massive stars. In this contribution, we present preliminary results of our on-going multi-wavelength (FUV, UV and optical) study of the winds of Galactic CSPNs. Particular emphasis will be given to the clumping factors derived by means of optical lines (Hα and Heii 4686) and "classic" FUV (and UV) lines.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{deKoterVinkMuijres2007, author = {de Koter, A. and Vink, J. S. and Muijres, L.}, title = {Constraints on wind clumping from the empirical mass-loss vs. metallicity relation for early-type stars}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17736}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We present the latest results on the observational dependence of the mass-loss rate in stellar winds of O and early-B stars on the metal content of their atmospheres, and compare these with predictions. Absolute empirical rates for the mass loss of stars brighter than 10\$^{5.2} L_{\odot}\$, based on H\$\alpha\$ and ultraviolet (UV) wind lines, are found to be about a factor of two higher than predictions. If this difference is attributed to inhomogeneities in the wind this would imply that luminous O and early-B stars have clumping factors in their H\$\alpha\$ and UV line forming regime of about a factor of 3--5. The investigated stars cover a metallicity range \$Z\$ from 0.2 to 1 \$Z_{\odot}\$. We find a hint towards smaller clumping factors for lower \$Z\$. The derived clumping factors, however, presuppose that clumping does not impact the predictions of the mass-loss rate. We discuss this assumption and explain how we intend to investigate its validity in more detail.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReyesIturbideVelazquezRosado2007, author = {Reyes-Iturbide, J. and Vel{\´a}zquez, P. and Rosado, M.}, title = {3D numerical model for an asymmetrical superbubble}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17724}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Massive stars usually form groups such as OB associations. Their fast stellar winds sweep up collectively the surrounding insterstellar medium (ISM) to generate superbubbles. Observations suggest that superbubble evolution on the surrounding ISM can be very irregular. Numerical simulations considering these conditions could help to understand the evolution of these superbubbles and to clarify the dynamics of these objects as well as the difference between observed X-ray luminosities and the predicted ones by the standard model (Weaver et al. 1977).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrohHillierDamineli2007, author = {Groh, J. H. and Hillier, D. J. and Damineli, A.}, title = {Mass-loss rate and clumping in LBV stars : the impact of time-dependent effects}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17773}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This paper outlines a newly-developed method to include the effects of time variability in the radiative transfer code CMFGEN. It is shown that the flow timescale is often large compared to the variability timescale of LBVs. Thus, time-dependent effects significantly change the velocity law and density structure of the wind, affecting the derivation of the mass-loss rate, volume filling factor, wind terminal velocity, and luminosity. The results of this work are directly applicable to all active LBVs in the Galaxy and in the LMC, such as AG Car, HR Car, S Dor and R 127, and could result in a revision of stellar and wind parameters. The massloss rate evolution of AG Car during the last 20 years is presented, highlighting the need for time-dependent models to correctly interpret the evolution of LBVs.}, language = {en} } @misc{HowaldElsenbeerLaczkoetal.1995, author = {Howald, Markus and Elsenbeer, Helmut and Laczko, Endre and Schlunegger, Urs Peter}, title = {Capillary electrophoresis as a fast and universal tool in soil analysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16913}, year = {1995}, abstract = {Fast analysis of different species of molecules in soils is investigated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Several CE techniques for the analysis of inorganic ions and carbohydrates have been tested. With regard to the intents of pedologists and the usually large number of soil analyses a bundle of CE systems is proposed, capable of effecting time-saving soil analyses. Adapted electrolyte systems recently published and new separation systems are described. Examples of the application of these methods to two different soil samples are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{Kitagawa2007, author = {Kitagawa, Yoshihisa}, title = {When we fail to question in Japanese}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, volume = {9}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, editor = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24481}, pages = {29 -- 64}, year = {2007}, abstract = {When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions.}, language = {en} } @article{Mitchell2000, author = {Mitchell, Don}, title = {The end of culture?}, series = {Geographische Revue : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Literatur und Diskussion}, volume = {2}, journal = {Geographische Revue : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Literatur und Diskussion}, number = {2}, issn = {1438-3039}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24016}, pages = {3 -- 17}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Content: -"Post-Culture" -Cultural Studies, Geography, and Culturalism -Taking Culture Seriously in the Post-Cultural World -Conclusion}, language = {en} } @article{Smith2001, author = {Smith, Neil}, title = {Marxism and Geography in the Anglophone World}, series = {Geographische Revue : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Literatur und Diskussion}, volume = {3}, journal = {Geographische Revue : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Literatur und Diskussion}, number = {2}, issn = {1438-3039}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24357}, pages = {5 -- 21}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Content: Activism: The Origins of Marxism in English-language Geography After the Revolution: Critique, Institutionalization and Backlash Marxist Geography Today: Scale, Labour Geography, Activism Conclusion}, language = {en} } @misc{KortPeterKoopmanschap1983, author = {Kort, C. A. D. de and Peter, Martin G. and Koopmanschap, A. B.}, title = {Binding and degradation of juvenile hormone III by haemolymph proteins of the Colorado potato beetle: a re-examination}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16777}, year = {1983}, abstract = {The haemolymph of the adult Colorado potato beetle, Lepinotarsa decemlineata Say, contains a high molecular weight (MW > 200,000) JH-III specific binding protein. The Kd value of the protein for racemic JH-III is 1.3 ± 0.2 × 10-7 M. It has a lower affinity for racemic JH-I and it does not bind JH-III-diol or JH-III-acid. The binding protein does discriminate between the enantiomers of synthetic, racemic JH-III as was determined by stereochemical anaysis of the bound and the free JH-III. Incubation of racemic JH-III with crude haemolymph results in preferential formation of (10S)-JH-III-acid, the unnatural configuration. The JH-esterase present in L. decemlineata haemolymph is not enantioselective. It is concluded that the most important function of the binding protein is that of a specific carrier, protecting the natural hormone against degradation by esterases. The carrier does not protect JH-I as efficiently as the lower homologue.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoechyBrakenhielm2008, author = {K{\"o}chy, Martin and Br{\aa}kenhielm, Sven}, title = {Separation of effects of moderate N deposition from natural change in ground vegetation of forests and bogs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16621}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The effect of moderate rates of nitrogen deposition on ground floor vegetation is poorly predicted by uncontrolled surveys or fertilization experiments using high rates of nitrogen (N) addition. We compared the temporal trends of ground floor vegetation in permanent plots with moderate (7-13 kg ha-1 year-1) and lower bulk N deposition (4-6 kg ha-1 year-1) in southern Sweden during 1982-1998. We examined whether trends differed between growth forms (vascular plants and bryophytes) and vegetation types (three types of coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and bog). Trends of site-standardized cover and richness varied among growth forms, vegetation types, and deposition regions. Cover in spruce forests decreased at the same rate with both moderate and low deposition. In pine forests cover decreased faster with moderate deposition and in bogs cover decreased faster with low deposition. Cover of bryophytes in spruce forests increased at the same rate with both moderate and low deposition. In pine forests cover decreased faster with moderate deposition and in bogs and deciduous forests there was a strong non-linear increase with moderate deposition. The trend of number of vascular plants was constant with moderate and decreased with low deposition. We found no trend in the number of bryophyte species. We propose that the decrease of cover and number with low deposition was related to normal ecosystem development (increased shading), suggesting that N deposition maintained or increased the competitiveness of some species in the moderate-deposition region. Deposition had no consistent negative effect on vegetation suggesting that it is less important than normal successional processes.}, language = {en} } @misc{ElsenbeerLackCassel1995, author = {Elsenbeer, Helmut and Lack, Andreas and Cassel, Keith}, title = {Chemical fingerprints of hydrological compartments and flow paths at La Cuenca, western Amazonia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16937}, year = {1995}, abstract = {A forested first-order catchment in western Amazonia was monitored for 2 years to determine the chemical fingerprints of precipitation, throughfall, overland flow, pipe flow, soil water, groundwater, and streamflow. We used five tracers (hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and silica) to distinguish "fast" flow paths mainly influenced by the biological subsystem from "slow" flow paths in the geochemical subsystem. The former comprise throughfall, overland flow, and pipe flow and are characterized by a high potassium/silica ratio; the latter are represented by soil water and groundwater, which have a low potassium/silica ratio. Soil water and groundwater differ with respect to calcium and magnesium. The groundwater-controlled streamflow chemistry is strongly modified by contributions from fast flow paths during precipitation events. The high potassium/silica ratio of these flow paths suggests that the storm flow response at La Cuenca is dominated by event water.}, language = {en} } @misc{ElsenbeerLorieriBonell1995, author = {Elsenbeer, Helmut and Lorieri, Daniel and Bonell, Mike}, title = {Mixing model approaches to estimate storm flow sources in an overland flow-dominated tropical rain forest catchment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16948}, year = {1995}, abstract = {Previous hydrometric studies demonstrated the prevalence of overland flow as a hydrological pathway in the tropical rain forest catchment of South Creek, northeast Queensland. The purpose of this study was to consider this information in a mixing analysis with the aim of identifying sources of, and of estimating their contribution to, storm flow during two events in February 1993. K and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were used as tracers because they provided the best separation of the potential sources, saturation overland flow, soil water from depths of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 m, and hillslope groundwater in a two-dimensional mixing plot. It was necessary to distinguish between saturation overland flow, generated at the soil surface and following unchanneled pathways, and overland flow in incised pathways. This latter type of overland flow was a mixture of saturation overland flow (event water) with high concentrations of K and a low ANC, soil water (preevent water) with low concentrations of K and a low ANC, and groundwater (preevent water) with low concentrations of K and a high ANC. The same sources explained the streamwater chemistry during the two events with strongly differing rainfall and antecedent moisture conditions. The contribution of saturation overland flow dominated the storm flow during the first, high-intensity, 178-mm event, while the contribution of soil water reached 50\% during peak flow of the second, low-intensity, 44-mm event 5 days later. This latter result is remarkably similar to soil water contributions to storm flow in mountainous forested catchments of the southeastern United States. In terms of event and preevent water the storm flow hydrograph of the high-intensity event is dominated by event water and that of the low-intensity event by preevent water. This study highlights the problems of applying mixing analyses to overland flow-dominated catchments and soil environments with a poorly developed vertical chemical zonation and emphasizes the need for independent hydrometric information for a complete characterization of watershed hydrology and chemistry.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehleWeissenbornKieferetal.2004, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen and Kiefer, Dorothea and Schulz, Antje and Schmitz, Michaela}, title = {Functional elements in infants' speech processing : the role of determiners in the syntactic categorization of lexical elements}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16285}, year = {2004}, abstract = {How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head-turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12- to 13-month-olds cannot do this, 14- to 16-month-olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child-directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co-occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word-to-world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehleSchmitzMuelleretal.2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on children's early processing capacities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16297}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent work has shown that English-learning 18-month-olds can detect the relationship between discontinuous morphemes such as is and -ing in Grandma is always running (Gomez, 2002; Santelmann \& Jusczyk, 1998) but only at a maximum of 3 intervening syllables. In this article we examine the tracking of discontinuous dependencies in children acquiring German. Due to freer word order, German allows for greater distances between dependent elements and a greater syntactic variety of the intervening elements than English does. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors other than distance may influence the child's capacity to recognize discontinuous elements. Our findings provide evidence that children's recognition capacities are affected not only by distance but also by their ability to linguistically analyze the material intervening between the dependent elements. We speculate that this result supports the existence of processing mechanisms that reduce a discontinuous relation to a local one based on subcategorization relations.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehlevandeVijverWeissenborn2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Word processing at 19 months and its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16302}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent research has shown that the early lexical representations children establish in their second year of life already seem to be phonologically detailed enough to allow differentiation from very similar forms. In contrast to these findings children with specific language impairment show problems in discriminating phonologically similar word forms up to school age. In our study we investigated the question whether there would be differences in the processing of phonological details in normally developing and in children with low language performance in the second year of life. This was done by a retrospective study in which in the processing of phonological details was tested by a preferential looking experiment when the children were 19 months old. At the age of 30 months children were tested with a standardized German test of language comprehension and production (SETK2). The preferential looking data at 19 months revealed an opposite reaction pattern for the two groups: while the children scoring normally in the SETK2 increase their fixations of a pictured object only when it was named with the correct word, children with later low language performance did so only when presented with a phonologically slightly deviant mispronunciation. We suggest that this pattern does not point to a specific deficit in processing phonological information in these children but might be related to an instability of early phonological representations, and/or a generalized problem of information processing as compared to typically developing children.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Piskorski2008, author = {Piskorski, Jakub}, title = {ExPRESS : extraction pattern recognition engine and specification suite}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27227}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The emergence of information extraction (IE) oriented pattern engines has been observed during the last decade. Most of them exploit heavily finite-state devices. This paper introduces ExPRESS - a new extraction pattern engine, whose rules are regular expressions over flat feature structures. The underlying pattern language is a blend of two previously introduced IE oriented pattern formalisms, namely, JAPE, used in the widely known GATE system, and the unificationbased XTDL formalism used in SProUT. A brief and technical overview of ExPRESS, its pattern language and the pool of its native linguistic components is given. Furthermore, the implementation of the grammar interpreter is addressed too.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-1412, title = {The 3rd international IEEE scientific conference on physics and control (PhysCon 2007) : September 3rd-7th 2007 at the University of Potsdam}, editor = {Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Fradkov, Alexander and Chen, Guanrong}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15228}, pages = {345}, year = {2007}, abstract = {During the last few years there was a tremendous growth of scientific activities in the fields related to both Physics and Control theory: nonlinear dynamics, micro- and nanotechnologies, self-organization and complexity, etc. New horizons were opened and new exciting applications emerged. Experts with different backgrounds starting to work together need more opportunities for information exchange to improve mutual understanding and cooperation. The Conference "Physics and Control 2007" is the third international conference focusing on the borderland between Physics and Control with emphasis on both theory and applications. With its 2007 address at Potsdam, Germany, the conference is located for the first time outside of Russia. The major goal of the Conference is to bring together researchers from different scientific communities and to gain some general and unified perspectives in the studies of controlled systems in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and other natural sciences. We hope that the Conference helps experts in control theory to get acquainted with new interesting problems, and helps experts in physics and related fields to know more about ideas and tools from the modern control theory.}, language = {en} } @misc{AscherChinReich1994, author = {Ascher, Uri M. and Chin, Hongsheng and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {Stabilization of DAEs and invariant manifolds}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15625}, year = {1994}, abstract = {Many methods have been proposed for the stabilization of higher index differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Such methods often involve constraint differentiation and problem stabilization, thus obtaining a stabilized index reduction. A popular method is Baumgarte stabilization, but the choice of parameters to make it robust is unclear in practice. Here we explain why the Baumgarte method may run into trouble. We then show how to improve it. We further develop a unifying theory for stabilization methods which includes many of the various techniques proposed in the literature. Our approach is to (i) consider stabilization of ODEs with invariants, (ii) discretize the stabilizing term in a simple way, generally different from the ODE discretization, and (iii) use orthogonal projections whenever possible. The best methods thus obtained are related to methods of coordinate projection. We discuss them and make concrete algorithmic suggestions.}, language = {en} } @misc{LeimkuhlerReich1994, author = {Leimkuhler, Benedict and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {Symplectic integration of constrained Hamiltonian systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15653}, year = {1994}, abstract = {A Hamiltonian system in potential form (formula in the original abstract) subject to smooth constraints on q can be viewed as a Hamiltonian system on a manifold, but numerical computations must be performed in Rn. In this paper methods which reduce "Hamiltonian differential algebraic equations" to ODEs in Euclidean space are examined. The authors study the construction of canonical parameterizations or local charts as well as methods based on the construction of ODE systems in the space in which the constraint manifold is embedded which preserve the constraint manifold as an invariant manifold. In each case, a Hamiltonian system of ordinary differential equations is produced. The stability of the constraint invariants and the behavior of the original Hamiltonian along solutions are investigated both numerically and analytically.}, language = {en} } @misc{AscherChinPetzoldetal.1994, author = {Ascher, Uri M. and Chin, Hongsheng and Petzold, Linda R. and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {Stabilization of constrained mechanical systems with DAEs and invariant manifolds}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15698}, year = {1994}, abstract = {Many methods have been proposed for the simulation of constrained mechanical systems. The most obvious of these have mild instabilities and drift problems. Consequently, stabilization techniques have been proposed A popular stabilization method is Baumgarte's technique, but the choice of parameters to make it robust has been unclear in practice. Some of the simulation methods that have been proposed and used in computations are reviewed here, from a stability point of view. This involves concepts of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and ordinary differential equation (ODE) invariants. An explanation of the difficulties that may be encountered using Baumgarte's method is given, and a discussion of why a further quest for better parameter values for this method will always remain frustrating is presented. It is then shown how Baumgarte's method can be improved. An efficient stabilization technique is proposed, which may employ explicit ODE solvers in case of nonstiff or highly oscillatory problems and which relates to coordinate projection methods. Examples of a two-link planar robotic arm and a squeezing mechanism illustrate the effectiveness of this new stabilization method.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Watson2008, author = {Watson, Bruce W.}, title = {Advances in automata implementation techniques (Abstract)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27094}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Barthelemy2008, author = {Barth{\´e}lemy, Fran{\c{c}}ois}, title = {Finite-state compilation of feature structures for two-level morphology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27120}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This paper describes a two-level formalism where feature structures are used in contextual rules. Whereas usual two-level grammars describe rational sets over symbol pairs, this new formalism uses tree structured regular expressions. They allow an explicit and precise definition of the scope of feature structures. A given surface form may be described using several feature structures. Feature unification is expressed in contextual rules using variables, like in a unification grammar. Grammars are compiled in finite state multi-tape transducers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BlancConstantWatrin2008, author = {Blanc, Olivier and Constant, Matthieu and Watrin, Patrick}, title = {Segmentation in super-chunks with a finite-state approach}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27133}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Since Harris' parser in the late 50s, multiword units have been progressively integrated in parsers. Nevertheless, in the most part, they are still restricted to compound words, that are more stable and less numerous. Actually, language is full of semi-fixed expressions that also form basic semantic units: semi-fixed adverbial expressions (e.g. time), collocations. Like compounds, the identification of these structures limits the combinatorial complexity induced by lexical ambiguity. In this paper, we detail an experiment that largely integrates these notions in a finite-state procedure of segmentation into super-chunks, preliminary to a parser.We show that the chunker, developped for French, reaches 92.9\% precision and 98.7\% recall. Moreover, multiword units realize 36.6\% of the attachments within nominal and prepositional phrases.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonfanteLeRoux2008, author = {Bonfante, Guillaume and Le Roux, Joseph}, title = {Intersection optimization is NP-complete}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27146}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Finite state methods for natural language processing often require the construction and the intersection of several automata. In this paper, we investigate the question of determining the best order in which these intersections should be performed. We take as an example lexical disambiguation in polarity grammars. We show that there is no efficient way to minimize the state complexity of these intersections.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Daciuk2008, author = {Daciuk, Jan}, title = {Perfect hashing tree automata}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27163}, year = {2008}, abstract = {We present an algorithm that computes a function that assigns consecutive integers to trees recognized by a deterministic, acyclic, finite-state, bottom-up tree automaton. Such function is called minimal perfect hashing. It can be used to identify trees recognized by the automaton. Its value may be seen as an index in some other data structures. We also present an algorithm for inverted hashing.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PadroPadro2008, author = {Padr{\´o}, Muntsa and Padr{\´o}, Llu{\´i}s}, title = {ME-CSSR : an extension of CSSR using maximum entropy models}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27210}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In this work an extension of CSSR algorithm using Maximum Entropy Models is introduced. Preliminary experiments to perform Named Entity Recognition with this new system are presented.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Radeff2014, author = {Radeff, Giuditta}, title = {Geohistory of the Central Anatolian Plateau southern margin (southern Turkey)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71865}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Adana Basin of southern Turkey, situated at the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau is ideally located to record Neogene topographic and tectonic changes in the easternmost Mediterranean realm. Using industry seismic reflection data we correlate 34 seismic profiles with corresponding exposed units in the Adana Basin. The time-depth conversion of the interpreted seismic profiles allows us to reconstruct the subsidence curve of the Adana Basin and to outline the occurrence of a major increase in both subsidence and sedimentation rates at 5.45 - 5.33 Ma, leading to the deposition of almost 1500 km3 of conglomerates and marls. Our provenance analysis of the conglomerates reveals that most of the sediment is derived from and north of the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. A comparison of these results with the composition of recent conglomerates and the present drainage basins indicates major changes between late Messinian and present-day source areas. We suggest that these changes in source areas result of uplift and ensuing erosion of the SE margin of the plateau. This hypothesis is supported by the comparison of the Adana Basin subsidence curve with the subsidence curve of the Mut Basin, a mainly Neogene basin located on top of the Central Anatolian Plateau southern margin, showing that the Adana Basin subsidence event is coeval with an uplift episode of the plateau southern margin. The collection of several fault measurements in the Adana region show different deformation styles for the NW and SE margins of the Adana Basin. The weakly seismic NW portion of the basin is characterized by extensional and transtensional structures cutting Neogene deposits, likely accomodating the differential uplift occurring between the basin and the SE margin of the plateau. We interpret the tectonic evolution of the southern flank of the Central Anatolian Plateau and the coeval subsidence and sedimentation in the Adana Basin to be related to deep lithospheric processes, particularly lithospheric delamination and slab break-off.}, language = {en} } @article{Linck2013, author = {Linck, Barbara}, title = {Test items for and misconceptions of competences in the domain of logic programming}, series = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, journal = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64461}, pages = {25 -- 34}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Development of competence-oriented curricula is still an important theme in informatics education. Unfortunately informatics curricula, which include the domain of logic programming, are still input-orientated or lack detailed competence descriptions. Therefore, the development of competence model and of learning outcomes' descriptions is essential for the learning process in this domain. A prior research developed both. The next research step is to formulate test items to measure the described learning outcomes. This article describes this procedure and exemplifies test items. It also relates a test in school to the items and shows which misconceptions and typical errors are important to discuss in class. The test result can also confirm or disprove the competence model. Therefore, this school test is important for theoretical research as well as for the concrete planning of lessons. Quantitative analysis in school is important for evaluation and improvement of informatics education.}, language = {en} } @article{KimPark2013, author = {Kim, Seungyon and Park, Seongbin}, title = {Teaching NP completeness in secondary schools}, series = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, journal = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64476}, pages = {35 -- 38}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In this paper, we show how the theory of NP completeness can be introduced to students in secondary schools. The motivation of this research is that although there are difficult issues that require technical backgrounds, students are already familiar with demanding computational problems through games such as Sudoku or Tetris. Our intention is to bring together important concepts in the theory of NP completeness in such a way that students in secondary schools can easily understand them. This is part of our ongoing research about how to teach fundamental issues in Computer Science in secondary schools. We discuss what needs to be taught in which sequence in order to introduce ideas behind NP completeness to students without technical backgrounds.}, language = {en} } @article{Vaniček2013, author = {Van{\´i}ček, Jiř{\´i}}, title = {Introducing topics from informatics into primary school curricula}, series = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, journal = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64482}, pages = {41 -- 51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The process of introducing compulsory ICT education at primary school level in the Czech Republic should be completed next year. Programming and Information, two topics from the basics of computer science have been included in a new textbook. The question is whether the new chapters of the textbook are comprehensible for primary school teachers, who have undergone no training in computer science. The paper reports on a pilot verification project in which pre-service primary school teachers were trained to teach these informatics topics.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-6251, title = {Grammatica Grandonica}, editor = {Van Hal, Toon and Vielle, Christophe}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63218}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {280}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In May 2010, Johann Ernst Hanxleden's Grammatica Grandonica was rediscovered in Montecompatri (Lazio, Rome). Although historiographers attached much weight to the nearly oldest western grammar of Sanskrit, the precious manuscript was lost for several decades. The first aim of the present digital publication is to offer a photographical reproduction of the manuscript. This facsimile is accompanied by a double edition: a facing diplomatic edition with the Sanskrit in Malayāḷam script, followed by a transliterated established text.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GoltzPieth2010, author = {Goltz, Hans-Joachim and Pieth, Norbert}, title = {A tool for generating partition schedules of multiprocessor systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41556}, year = {2010}, abstract = {A deterministic cycle scheduling of partitions at the operating system level is supposed for a multiprocessor system. In this paper, we propose a tool for generating such schedules. We use constraint based programming and develop methods and concepts for a combined interactive and automatic partition scheduling system. This paper is also devoted to basic methods and techniques for modeling and solving this partition scheduling problem. Initial application of our partition scheduling tool has proved successful and demonstrated the suitability of the methods used.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Schrijvers2010, author = {Schrijvers, Tom}, title = {Overview of the monadic constraint programming framework}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41411}, year = {2010}, abstract = {A constraint programming system combines two essential components: a constraint solver and a search engine. The constraint solver reasons about satisfiability of conjunctions of constraints, and the search engine controls the search for solutions by iteratively exploring a disjunctive search tree defined by the constraint program. The Monadic Constraint Programming framework gives a monadic definition of constraint programming where the solver is defined as a monad threaded through the monadic search tree. Search and search strategies can then be defined as firstclass objects that can themselves be built or extended by composable search transformers. Search transformers give a powerful and unifying approach to viewing search in constraint programming, and the resulting constraint programming system is first class and extremely flexible.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ott2006, author = {Ott, Christian David}, title = {Stellar iron core collapse in {3+1} general relativity and the gravitational wave signature of core-collapse supernovae}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12986}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {I perform and analyse the first ever calculations of rotating stellar iron core collapse in {3+1} general relativity that start out with presupernova models from stellar evolutionary calculations and include a microphysical finite-temperature nuclear equation of state, an approximate scheme for electron capture during collapse and neutrino pressure effects. Based on the results of these calculations, I obtain the to-date most realistic estimates for the gravitational wave signal from collapse, bounce and the early postbounce phase of core collapse supernovae. I supplement my {3+1} GR hydrodynamic simulations with 2D Newtonian neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic supernova calculations focussing on (1) the late postbounce gravitational wave emission owing to convective overturn, anisotropic neutrino emission and protoneutron star pulsations, and (2) on the gravitational wave signature of accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs to neutron stars.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hocking1996, author = {Hocking, Brian}, title = {Bridging boundaries: creating linkages : non-central governments and multilayered policy environments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11126}, year = {1996}, abstract = {Observers of international politics have been conscious of the growing international involvement of non-central governments (NCGs), particularly in federal systems. These have been supplemented by the internationalisation of subnational actors in quasi-federal and even unitary states. One of the difficulties is that analysis has often been locked into the dominant paradigm debate in International Relations concerning who and who are not significant actors. Having briefly explored the nature of this changing environment, marked by a growing emphasis on access rather than control as a policy objective and the emergence of what is termed a 'catalytic diplomacy', the discussion focuses on the need for linkage between the levels of government in the pursuit of international as well as domestic policy goals. The nature of linkage mechanisms are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BergmannKopp2006, author = {Bergmann, Kirsten and Kopp, Stefan}, title = {Verbal or visual? : How information is distributed across speech and gesture in spatial dialog}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10375}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In spatial dialog like in direction giving humans make frequent use of speechaccompanying gestures. Some gestures convey largely the same information as speech while others complement speech. This paper reports a study on how speakers distribute meaning across speech and gesture, and depending on what factors. Utterance meaning and the wider dialog context were tested by statistically analyzing a corpus of direction-giving dialogs. Problems of speech production (as indicated by discourse markers and disfluencies), the communicative goals, and the information status were found to be influential, while feedback signals by the addressee do not have any influence.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Diderichsen2006, author = {Diderichsen, Philip}, title = {Cross recurrence quantification analysis of indefinite anaphora in Swedish dialog : an eye-tracking pilot experiment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10388}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A new method is used in an eye-tracking pilot experiment which shows that it is possible to detect differences in common ground associated with the use of minimally different types of indefinite anaphora. Following Richardson and Dale (2005), cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) was used to show that the tandem eye movements of two Swedish-speaking interlocutors are slightly more coupled when they are using fully anaphoric indefinite expressions than when they are using less anaphoric indefinites. This shows the potential of CRQA to detect even subtle processing differences in ongoing discourse.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LueckingRieserStaudacher2006, author = {L{\"u}cking, Andy and Rieser, Hannes and Staudacher, Marc}, title = {Multi-modal integration for gesture and speech}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10393}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Demonstratives, in particular gestures that "only" accompany speech, are not a big issue in current theories of grammar. If we deal with gestures, fixing their function is one big problem, the other one is how to integrate the representations originating from different channels and, ultimately, how to determine their composite meanings. The growing interest in multi-modal settings, computer simulations, human-machine interfaces and VRapplications increases the need for theories ofmultimodal structures and events. In our workshopcontribution we focus on the integration of multimodal contents and investigate different approaches dealing with this problem such as Johnston et al. (1997) and Johnston (1998), Johnston and Bangalore (2000), Chierchia (1995), Asher (2005), and Rieser (2005).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SagetGuyomard2006, author = {Saget, Sylvie and Guyomard, Marc}, title = {Goal-oriented dialog as a collaborative subordinated activity involving collective acceptance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10420}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Modeling dialog as a collaborative activity consists notably in specifying the contain of the Conversational Common Ground and the kind of social mental state involved. In previous work (Saget, 2006), we claim that Collective Acceptance is the proper social attitude for modeling Conversational Common Ground in the particular case of goal-oriented dialog. We provide a formalization of Collective Acceptance, besides elements in order to integrate this attitude in a rational model of dialog are provided; and finally, a model of referential acts as being part of a collaborative activity is provided. The particular case of reference has been chosen in order to exemplify our claims.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeVaultStone2006, author = {DeVault, David and Stone, Matthew}, title = {Scorekeeping in an uncertain language game}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10448}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Received views of utterance context in pragmatic theory characterize the occurrent subjective states of interlocutors using notions like common knowledge or mutual belief. We argue that these views are not compatible with the uncertainty and robustness of context-dependence in human–human dialogue. We present an alternative characterization of utterance context as objective and normative. This view reconciles the need for uncertainty with received intuitions about coordination and meaning in context, and can directly inform computational approaches to dialogue.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannLonghurst1999, author = {Hoffmann, Arthur and Longhurst, Kerry}, title = {German strategic culture and the changing role of the Bundeswehr}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11448}, year = {1999}, abstract = {The article mobilises the concept of strategic culture in order to identify the impact of history upon contemporary security policy. The article will first look at the "wholesale construction" of a strategic culture after the Second World War in West Germany before exploring its impact upon security policy since the end of the Cold War in two areas: the Bundeswehr's out-of-area role and conscription. The central argument presented here is that the strategic culture of the former Federal Republic now writ large on to the new united Germany sets the context within which security policies are designed. This strategic culture, as will be argued, acts as both a facilitating and a restraining variable on behaviour, making certain policy options possible and others impossible.}, language = {en} } @misc{Archer1999, author = {Archer, Clive}, title = {The EU, security and the Baltic region}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11453}, year = {1999}, abstract = {The end of the cold war division of the Baltic Sea in 1989, and the three Baltic states' return to independence in 1991 created new opportunities for the decision-makers of the area, as well as new possibilities for fashioning security in the region. This article will examine the security debate affecting the Baltic Sea region in the post-cold war period, and in particular, the relevance of the European Union to that debate. The following section will examine various concepts of security relevant to the Baltic region; the third section looks at the EU and the Baltic area; and the last part deals with the implications that EU membership by the Baltic Sea states may have for the security of the Baltic Sea zone.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuhnertGuentnerKlannetal.2006, author = {Kuhnert, Matthias and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Klann, Mechthild and Martin Garrido, F. and Zillgens, Birgit}, title = {Methods for spatial pattern comparison in distributed hydrological modelling : [Poster]}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7160}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The rigorous development, application and validation of distributed hydrological models obligates to evaluate data in a spatially distributed way. In particular, spatial model predictions such as the distribution of soil moisture, runoff generating areas or nutrient-contributing areas or erosion rates, are to be assessed against spatially distributed observations. Also model inputs, such as the distribution of modelling units derived by GIS and remote sensing analyses, should be evaluated against groundbased observations of landscape characteristics. So far, however, quantitative methods of spatial field comparison have rarely been used in hydrology. In this paper, we present algorithms that allow to compare observed and simulated spatial hydrological data. The methods can be applied for binary and categorical data on regular grids. They comprise cell-by-cell algorithms, cell-neighbourhood approaches that account for fuzziness of location, and multi-scale algorithms that evaluate the similarity of spatial fields with changing resolution. All methods provide a quantitative measure of the similarity of two maps. The comparison methods are applied in two mountainous catchments in southern Germany (Brugga, 40 km2) and Austria (L{\"o}hnersbach, 16 km2). As an example of binary hydrological data, the distribution of saturated areas is analyzed in both catchments. For categorical data, vegetation zones that are associated with different runoff generation mechanisms are analyzed in the L{\"o}hnersbach. Mapped spatial patterns are compared to simulated patterns from terrain index calculations and from satellite image analysis. It is discussed how particular features of visual similarity between the spatial fields are captured by the quantitative measures, leading to recommendations on suitable algorithms in the context of evaluating distributed hydrological models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WolskaKruijffKorbayova2006, author = {Wolska, Magdalena and Kruijff-Korbayov{\´a}, Ivana}, title = {Modeling anaphora in informal mathematical dialogue}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10455}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We analyze anaphoric phenomena in the context of building an input understanding component for a conversational system for tutoring mathematics. In this paper, we report the results of data analysis of two sets of corpora of dialogs on mathematical theorem proving. We exemplify anaphoric phenomena, identify factors relevant to anaphora resolution in our domain and extensions to the input interpretation component to support it.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KempsonCann2006, author = {Kempson, Ruth and Cann, Ronnie}, title = {Dialogue pressures and syntactic change}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10469}, year = {2006}, abstract = {On the basis of the Dynamic Syntax framework, this paper argues that the production pressures in dialogue determining alignment effects and given versus new informational effects also drive the shift from case-rich free word order systems without clitic pronouns into systems with clitic pronouns with rigid relative ordering. The paper introduces assumptions of Dynamic Syntax, in particular the building up of interpretation through structural underspecification and update, sketches the attendant account of production with close coordination of parsing and production strategies, and shows how what was at the Latin stage a purely pragmatic, production-driven decision about linear ordering becomes encoded in the clitics in theMedieval Spanish system which then through successive steps of routinization yield the modern systems with immediately pre-verbal fixed clitic templates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VlugterKnott2006, author = {Vlugter, Peter and Knott, Alistair}, title = {A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10208}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The main topic of this paper is how to configure a dialogue system to support computer-aided language learning. The paper also serves to introduce our new multi-speaker dialogue system, and highlight some of its novel features.}, language = {en} } @misc{LoehmannsroebenBeckHildebrandtetal.2006, author = {L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Beck, Michael and Hildebrandt, Niko and Schm{\"a}lzlin, Elmar and van Dongen, Joost T.}, title = {New challenges in biophotonics : laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10120}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two examples of our biophotonic research utilizing nanoparticles are presented, namely laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring. Results of the work include significantly enhanced sensitivity of a homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay and markedly improved spatial resolution of oxygen gradients in root nodules of a legume species.}, subject = {Sauerstoff}, language = {en} } @misc{NiederkruegerSalbBecketal.2006, author = {Niederkr{\"u}ger, Matthias and Salb, Christian and Beck, Michael and Hildebrandt, Niko and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Marowsky, Gerd}, title = {Improvement of a fluorescence immunoassay with a compact diode-pumped solid state laser at 315 nm}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10150}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We demonstrate the improvement of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) diagnostics in deploying a newly developed compact diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser with emission at 315 nm. The laser is based on the quasi-three-level transition in Nd:YAG at 946 nm. The pulsed operation is either realized by an active Q-switch using an electro-optical device or by introduction of a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber as passive Q-switch element. By extra-cavity second harmonic generation in different nonlinear crystal media we obtained blue light at 473 nm. Subsequent mixing of the fundamental and the second harmonic in a β-barium-borate crystal provided pulsed emission at 315 nm with up to 20 μJ maximum pulse energy and 17 ns pulse duration. Substitution of a nitrogen laser in a FIA diagnostics system by the DPSS laser succeeded in considerable improvement of the detection limit. Despite significantly lower pulse energies (7 μJ DPSS laser versus 150 μJ nitrogen laser), in preliminary investigations the limit of detection was reduced by a factor of three for a typical FIA.}, subject = {Immunoassay}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Karagjosova2006, author = {Karagjosova, Elena}, title = {Correction and acceptance by contrastive focus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10258}, year = {2006}, abstract = {An account is presented of the focus properties, common ground effect and dialogue behaviour of the accented German discourse marker "doch" and the accented sentence negation "nicht". It is argued that "doch" and "nicht" evoke as a focus alternative the logical complement of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they occur, and that an analysis in terms of contrastive focus accounts for their effect on the common ground and their function in dialogue.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MacuraGinzburg2006, author = {Macura, Zoran and Ginzburg, Jonathan}, title = {Acquiring words across generations : introspectively or interactively?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10408}, year = {2006}, abstract = {How does a shared lexicon arise in population of agents with differing lexicons, and how can this shared lexicon be maintained over multiple generations? In order to get some insight into these questions we present an ALife model in which the lexicon dynamics of populations that possess and lack metacommunicative interaction (MCI) capabilities are compared. We ran a series of experiments on multi-generational populations whose initial state involved agents possessing distinct lexicons. These experiments reveal some clear differences in the lexicon dynamics of populations that acquire words solely by introspection contrasted with populations that learn using MCI or using a mixed strategy of introspection and MCI. The lexicon diverges at a faster rate for an introspective population, eventually collapsing to one single form which is associated with all meanings. This contrasts sharply with MCI capable populations in which a lexicon is maintained, where every meaning is associated with a unique word. We also investigated the effect of increasing the meaning space and showed that it speeds up the lexicon divergence for all populations irrespective of their acquisition method.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Thomas2006, author = {Thomas, Kavita E.}, title = {Modelling Correction Signalled by "But" in Dialogue}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10308}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Claiming that cross-speaker "but" can signal correction in dialogue, we start by describing the types of corrections "but" can communicate by focusing on the Speech Act (SA) communicated in the previous turn and address the ways in which "but" can correct what is communicated. We address whether "but" corrects the proposition, the direct SA or the discourse relation communicated in the previous turn. We will also briefly address other relations signalled by cross-turn "but". After presenting a typology of the situations "but" can correct, we will address how these corrections can be modelled in the Information State model of dialogue, motivating this work by showing how it can be used to potentially avoid misunderstandings. We wrap up by showing how the model presented here updates beliefs in the Information State representation of the dialogue and can be used to facilitate response deliberation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeyssadeMarandin2006, author = {Beyssade, Claire and Marandin, Jean-Marie}, title = {From complex to simple speech acts : a bidimensional analysis of illocutionary}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10319}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present a new analysis of illocutionary forces in dialogue. We analyze them as complex conversational moves involving two dimensions: what Speaker commits herself to and what she calls on Addressee to perform. We start from the analysis of speech acts such as confirmation requests or whimperatives, and extend the analysis to seemingly simple speech acts, such as statements and queries. Then, we show how to integrate our proposal in the framework of the Grammar for Conversation (Ginzburg, to app.), which is adequate for modelling agents' information states and how they get updated.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hara2006, author = {Hara, Yurie}, title = {Question intonation and lexicalized bias expression}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10323}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This paper examines the interaction between different utterance types and the Japanese modal particle darou, and proposes that the decision-theoretic semantics accounts for the interaction among darou, sentence types and intonation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ArtsteinPoesio2006, author = {Artstein, Ron and Poesio, Massimo}, title = {Identifying reference to abstract objects in dialogue}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10357}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In two experiments, many annotators marked antecedents for discourse deixis as unconstrained regions of text. The experiments show that annotators do converge on the identity of these text regions, though much of what they do can be captured by a simple model. Demonstrative pronouns are more likely than definite descriptions to be marked with discourse antecedents. We suggest that our methodology is suitable for the systematic study of discourse deixis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LascaridesStone2006, author = {Lascarides, Alex and Stone, Matthew}, title = {Formal semantics for iconic gesture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10330}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present a formal analysis of iconic coverbal gesture. Our model describes the incomplete meaning of gesture that's derivable from its form, and the pragmatic reasoning that yields a more specific interpretation. Our formalism builds on established models of discourse interpretation to capture key insights from the descriptive literature on gesture: synchronous speech and gesture express a single thought, but while the form of iconic gesture is an important clue to its interpretation, the content of gesture can be resolved only by linking it to its context.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LueckingRieserStaudacher2006, author = {L{\"u}cking, Andy and Rieser, Hannes and Staudacher, Marc}, title = {SDRT and multi-modal situated communication}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10348}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Classical SDRT (Asher and Lascarides, 2003) discussed essential features of dialogue like adjacency pairs or corrections and up-dating. Recent work in SDRT (Asher, 2002, 2005) aims at the description of natural dialogue. We use this work to model situated communication, i.e. dialogue, in which sub-sentential utterances and gestures (pointing and grasping) are used as conventional modes of communication. We show that in addition to cognitive modelling in SDRT, capturing mental states and speech-act related goals, special postulates are needed to extract meaning out of contexts. Gestural meaning anchors Discourse Referents in contextually given domains. Both sorts of meaning are fused with the meaning of fragments to get at fully developed dialogue moves. This task accomplished, the standard SDRT machinery, tagged SDRSs, rhetorical relations, the up-date mechanism, and the Maximize Discourse Coherence constraint generate coherent structures. In sum, meanings from different verbal and non-verbal sources are assembled using extended SDRT to form coherent wholes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KranstedtLueckingPfeifferetal.2006, author = {Kranstedt, Alfred and L{\"u}cking, Andy and Pfeiffer, Thies and Rieser, Hannes and Staudacher, Marc}, title = {Measuring and reconstructing pointing in visual contexts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10362}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We describe an experiment to gather original data on geometrical aspects of pointing. In particular, we are focusing upon the concept of the pointing cone, a geometrical model of a pointing's extension. In our setting we employed methodological and technical procedures of a new type to integrate data from annotations as well as from tracker recordings. We combined exact information on position and orientation with rater's classifications. Our first results seem to challenge classical linguistic and philosophical theories of demonstration in that they advise to separate pointings from reference.}, language = {en} } @misc{KaafaraniWexStrehmeletal.2002, author = {Kaafarani, Bilal R. and Wex, Brigitte and Strehmel, Bernd and Neckers, Douglas C.}, title = {Structural concept for fluorinated Y-enynes with solvatochromic properties}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13168}, year = {2002}, abstract = {An approach to the development of fluorescent probes to follow polymerizations in situ using fluorinated cross-conjugated enediynes (Y-enynes) is reported. Different substitution patterns in the Y-enynes result in distinct solvatochromic behavior. β,β-Bis(phenylethynyl)pentafluorostyrene 7, which bears no donor substituents and only fluorine at the styrene moiety, shows no solvatochromism. Donor substituted β,β-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethynyl) pentafluorostyrene 8 and β,β-bis(4-butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylethynyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxystyrene 9 exhibit solvatochromism upon change of solvent polarity. Y-enyne 8 showed the largest solvatochromic shift (94 nm bathochromic shift) upon changing solvent from cyclohexane to acetonitrile. A smaller solvatochromic response (44 nm bathochromic shift) was observed for 9. Lippert-Mataga treatment of 8 and 9 yields slopes of -10,800 and -6,400 cm -1, respectively. This corresponds to a change in dipole moment of 9.6 and 6.9 D, respectively. The solvatochromic behavior in 8 and 9 supports the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The low fluorescence quantum yields are caused by competitive double bond rotation. The fluorescence decay time of 9 decreases in methyltetrahydrofuran from 2.1 ns at 77 K to 0.11 ns at 200 K. Efficient single bond rotation in 9 was frozen at -50 °C in a configuration in which the trimethoxyphenyl ring is perpendicular to the fluorinated rings. 7-9 are photostable compounds. The X-ray structure of 7 shows it is not planar and that its conjugation is distorted. Y-enyne 7 stacks in the solid state showing coulombic, actetylene-arene, and fluorine-π interactions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MillsHealey2006, author = {Mills, Gregory J. and Healey, Patrick G. T.}, title = {Clarifying spatial descriptions : local and global effects on semantic co-ordination}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10414}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A key problem for models of dialogue is to explain the mechanisms involved in generating and responding to clarification requests. We report a 'Maze task' experiment that investigates the effect of 'spoof' clarification requests on the development of semantic co-ordination. The results provide evidence of both local and global semantic co-ordination phenomena that are not captured by existing dialogue co-ordination models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DzikovskaCallawayStoneetal.2006, author = {Dzikovska, Myroslava O. and Callaway, Charles B. and Stone, Matthew and Moore, Johanna D.}, title = {Understanding student input for tutorial dialogue in procedural domains}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10193}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an analysis of student language input in a corpus of tutoring dialogue in the domain of symbolic differentiation. Our focus on procedural tutoring makes the dialogue comparable to collaborative problem-solving (CPS). Existing CPS models describe the process of negotiating plans and goals, which also fits procedural tutoring. However, we provide a classification of student utterances and corpus annotation which shows that approximately 28\% of non-trivial student language in this corpus is not accounted for by existing models, and addresses other functions, such as evaluating past actions or correcting mistakes. Our analysis can be used as a foundation for improving models of tutoring dialogue.}, language = {en} } @misc{PueschelOppermannMuscholetal.1989, author = {P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Oppermann, Martin and Muschol, Waldemar and G{\"o}tze, Otto and Jungermann, Kurt}, title = {Increase of glucose and lactate output and decrease of flow by human anaphylatoxin C3a but not C5a in perfused rat liver}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16733}, year = {1989}, abstract = {The complement fragments C3a and C5a were purified from zymosan-activated human serum by column chromatographic procedures after the bulk of the proteins had been removed by acidic polyethylene glycol precipitation. In the isolated in situ perfused rat liver C3a increased glucose and lactate output and reduced flow. Its effects were enhanced in the presence of the carboxypeptidase inhibitor DL-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthio-propanoic acid (MERGETPA) and abolished by preincubation of the anaphylatoxin with carboxypeptidase B or with Fab fragments of an anti-C3a monoclonal antibody. The C3a effects were partially inhibited by the thromboxane antagonist BM13505. C5a had no effect. It is concluded that locally but not systemically produced C3a may play an important role in the regulation of local metabolism and hemodynamics during inflammatory processes in the liver.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoegelButtHautlietal.2008, author = {B{\"o}gel, Tina and Butt, Miriam and Hautli, Annette and Sulger, Sebastian}, title = {Developing a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu and Hindi}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27155}, year = {2008}, abstract = {We introduce and discuss a number of issues that arise in the process of building a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu, in particular issues with potential ambiguity and non-concatenative morphology. Our approach allows for an underlyingly similar treatment of both Urdu and Hindi via a cascade of finite-state transducers that transliterates the very different scripts into a common ASCII transcription system. As this transliteration system is based on the XFST tools that the Urdu/Hindi common morphological analyzer is also implemented in, no compatibility problems arise.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YliJyrae2008, author = {Yli-Jyr{\"a}, Anssi}, title = {Applications of diamonded double negation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27109}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Nested complementation plays an important role in expressing counter- i.e. star-free and first-order definable languages and their hierarchies. In addition, methods that compile phonological rules into finite-state networks use double-nested complementation or "double negation". This paper reviews how the double-nested complementation extends to a relatively new operation, generalized restriction (GR), coined by the author (Yli-Jyr{\"a} and Koskenniemi 2004). This operation encapsulates a double-nested complementation and elimination of a concatenation marker, diamond, whose finite occurrences align concatenations in the arguments of the operation. The paper demonstrates that the GR operation has an interesting potential in expressing regular languages, various kinds of grammars, bimorphisms and relations. This motivates a further study of optimized implementation of the operator.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BarbaianiCanceddaDanceetal.2008, author = {Barbaiani, Mădălina and Cancedda, Nicola and Dance, Chris and Fazekas, Szil{\´a}rd and Ga{\´a}l, Tam{\´a}s and Gaussier, {\´E}ric}, title = {Asymmetric term alignment with selective contiguity constraints by multi-tape automata}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27115}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This article describes a HMM-based word-alignment method that can selectively enforce a contiguity constraint. This method has a direct application in the extraction of a bilingual terminological lexicon from a parallel corpus, but can also be used as a preliminary step for the extraction of phrase pairs in a Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation system. Contiguous source words composing terms are aligned to contiguous target language words. The HMM is transformed into a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) and contiguity constraints are enforced by specific multi-tape WFSTs. The proposed method is especially suited when basic linguistic resources (morphological analyzer, part-of-speech taggers and term extractors) are available for the source language only.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Karttunen2008, author = {Karttunen, Lauri}, title = {New features in PARC finite state toolkits (Abstract)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27085}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @misc{ElsenbeerCasselCastro1992, author = {Elsenbeer, Helmut and Cassel, Keith and Castro, Jorge}, title = {Spatial analysis of soil hydraulic conductivity in a tropical rain forest catchment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16979}, year = {1992}, abstract = {The topography of first-order catchments in a region of western Amazonia was found to exhibit distinctive, recurrent features: a steep, straight lower side slope, a flat or nearly flat terrace at an intermediate elevation between valley floor and interfluve, and an upper side slope connecting interfluve and intermediate terrace. A detailed survey of soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat)-depth relationships, involving 740 undisturbed soil cores, was conducted in a 0.75-ha first-order catchment. The sampling approach was stratified with respect to the above slope units. Exploratory data analysis suggested fourth-root transformation of batches from the 0-0.1 m depth interval, log transformation of batches from the subsequent 0.1 m depth increments, and the use of robust estimators of location and scale. The K sat of the steep lower side slope decreased from 46 to 0.1 mm/h over the overall sampling depth of 0.4 m. The corresponding decrease was from 46 to 0.1 mm/h on the intermediate terrace, from 335 to 0.01 mm/h on the upper side slope, and from 550 to 0.015 mm/h on the interfluve. A depthwise comparison of these slope units led to the formulation of several hypotheses concerning the link between K sat and topography.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YliJyrae2008, author = {Yli-Jyr{\"a}, Anssi}, title = {Transducers from parallel replace rules and modes with generalized lenient composition}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27246}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Generalized Two-Level Grammar (GTWOL) provides a new method for compilation of parallel replacement rules into transducers. The current paper identifies the role of generalized lenient composition (GLC) in this method. Thanks to the GLC operation, the compilation method becomes bipartite and easily extendible to capture various application modes. In the light of three notions of obligatoriness, a modification to the compilation method is proposed. We argue that the bipartite design makes implementation of parallel obligatoriness, directionality, length and rank based application modes extremely easy, which is the main result of the paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Saleschus2008, author = {Sal{\´e}schus, Dirk}, title = {On resolving long distance dependencies in Russian verbs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27235}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Morphological analyses based on word syntax approaches can encounter difficulties with long distance dependencies. The reason is that in some cases an affix has to have access to the inner structure of the form with which it combines. One solution is the percolation of features from ther inner morphemes to the outer morphemes with some process of feature unification. However, the obstacle of percolation constraints or stipulated features has lead some linguists to argue in favour of other frameworks such as, e.g., realizational morphology or parallel approaches like optimality theory. This paper proposes a linguistic analysis of two long distance dependencies in the morphology of Russian verbs, namely secondary imperfectivization and deverbal nominalization.We show how these processes can be reanalysed as local dependencies. Although finitestate frameworks are not bound by such linguistically motivated considerations, we present an implementation of our analysis as proposed in [1] that does not complicate the grammar or enlarge the network unproportionally.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{IlarrazaGojenolaOronozetal.2008, author = {Ilarraza, Arantza D{\´i}az de and Gojenola, Koldo and Oronoz, Maite and Otaegi, Maialen and Alegria, I{\~n}aki}, title = {Syntactic error detection and correction in date expressions using finite-state transducers}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27180}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This paper presents a system for the detection and correction of syntactic errors. It combines a robust morphosyntactic analyser and two groups of finite-state transducers specified using the Xerox Finite State Tool (xfst). One of the groups is used for the description of syntactic error patterns while the second one is used for the correction of the detected errors. The system has been tested on a corpus of real texts, containing both correct and incorrect sentences, with good results.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Fernando2008, author = {Fernando, Tim}, title = {Temporal propositions as regular languages}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27194}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Temporal propositions are mapped to sets of strings that witness (in a precise sense) the propositions over discrete linear Kripke frames. The strings are collected into regular languages to ensure the decidability of entailments given by inclusions between languages. (Various notions of bounded entailment are shown to be expressible as language inclusions.) The languages unwind computations implicit in the logical (and temporal) connectives via a system of finite-state constraints adapted from finite-state morphology. Applications to Hybrid Logic and non-monotonic inertial reasoning are briefly considered.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Didakowski2008, author = {Didakowski, J{\"o}rg}, title = {SynCoP : combining syntactic tagging with chunking using weighted finite state transducers}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27172}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This paper describes the key aspects of the system SynCoP (Syntactic Constraint Parser) developed at the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. The parser allows to combine syntactic tagging and chunking by means of constraint grammar using weighted finite state transducers (WFST). Chunks are interpreted as local dependency structures within syntactic tagging. The linguistic theories are formulated by criteria which are formalized by a semiring; these criteria allow structural preferences and gradual grammaticality. The parser is essentially a cascade of WFSTs. To find the most likely syntactic readings a best-path search is used.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZarriessSeeker2008, author = {Zarrieß, Sina and Seeker, Wolfgang}, title = {Finite-state rule deduction for parsing non-constituent coordination}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27254}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a finite-state approach to constituency and therewith an analysis of coordination phenomena involving so-called non-constituents. We show that non-constituents can be seen as parts of fully-fledged constituents and therefore be coordinated in the same way. We have implemented an algorithm based on finite state automata that generates an LFG grammar assigning valid analyses to non-constituent coordination structures in the German language.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GonzalezCasacuberta2008, author = {Gonz{\´a}lez, Jorge and Casacuberta, Francisco}, title = {Phrase-based finite state models}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27209}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In the last years, statistical machine translation has already demonstrated its usefulness within a wide variety of translation applications. In this line, phrase-based alignment models have become the reference to follow in order to build competitive systems. Finite state models are always an interesting framework because there are well-known efficient algorithms for their representation and manipulation. This document is a contribution to the evolution of finite state models towards a phrase-based approach. The inference of stochastic transducers that are based on bilingual phrases is carefully analysed from a finite state point of view. Indeed, the algorithmic phenomena that have to be taken into account in order to deal with such phrase-based finite state models when in decoding time are also in-depth detailed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HerreHummel2010, author = {Herre, Heinrich and Hummel, Axel}, title = {Stationary generated models of generalized logic programs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41501}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The interest in extensions of the logic programming paradigm beyond the class of normal logic programs is motivated by the need of an adequate representation and processing of knowledge. One of the most difficult problems in this area is to find an adequate declarative semantics for logic programs. In the present paper a general preference criterion is proposed that selects the 'intended' partial models of generalized logic programs which is a conservative extension of the stationary semantics for normal logic programs of [Prz91]. The presented preference criterion defines a partial model of a generalized logic program as intended if it is generated by a stationary chain. It turns out that the stationary generated models coincide with the stationary models on the class of normal logic programs. The general wellfounded semantics of such a program is defined as the set-theoretical intersection of its stationary generated models. For normal logic programs the general wellfounded semantics equals the wellfounded semantics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AbdennadherIsmailKhoury2010, author = {Abdennadher, Slim and Ismail, Haythem and Khoury, Frederick}, title = {Transforming imperative algorithms to constraint handling rules}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41533}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Different properties of programs, implemented in Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), have already been investigated. Proving these properties in CHR is fairly simpler than proving them in any type of imperative programming language, which triggered the proposal of a methodology to map imperative programs into equivalent CHR. The equivalence of both programs implies that if a property is satisfied for one, then it is satisfied for the other. The mapping methodology could be put to other beneficial uses. One such use is the automatic generation of global constraints, at an attempt to demonstrate the benefits of having a rule-based implementation for constraint solvers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BetzRaiserFruehwirth2010, author = {Betz, Hariolf and Raiser, Frank and Fr{\"u}hwirth, Thom}, title = {Persistent constraints in constraint handling rules}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41547}, year = {2010}, abstract = {In the most abstract definition of its operational semantics, the declarative and concurrent programming language CHR is trivially non-terminating for a significant class of programs. Common refinements of this definition, in closing the gap to real-world implementations, compromise on declarativity and/or concurrency. Building on recent work and the notion of persistent constraints, we introduce an operational semantics avoiding trivial non-termination without compromising on its essential features.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GebserHinrichsSchaubetal.2010, author = {Gebser, Martin and Hinrichs, Henrik and Schaub, Torsten H. and Thiele, Sven}, title = {xpanda: a (simple) preprocessor for adding multi-valued propositions to ASP}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41466}, year = {2010}, abstract = {We introduce a simple approach extending the input language of Answer Set Programming (ASP) systems by multi-valued propositions. Our approach is implemented as a (prototypical) preprocessor translating logic programs with multi-valued propositions into logic programs with Boolean propositions only. Our translation is modular and heavily benefits from the expressive input language of ASP. The resulting approach, along with its implementation, allows for solving interesting constraint satisfaction problems in ASP, showing a good performance.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OetschSchwengererTompits2010, author = {Oetsch, Johannes and Schwengerer, Martin and Tompits, Hans}, title = {Kato: a plagiarism-detection tool for answer-set programs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41485}, year = {2010}, abstract = {We present the tool Kato which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first tool for plagiarism detection that is directly tailored for answer-set programming (ASP). Kato aims at finding similarities between (segments of) logic programs to help detecting cases of plagiarism. Currently, the tool is realised for DLV programs but it is designed to handle various logic-programming syntax versions. We review basic features and the underlying methodology of the tool.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Zhou2010, author = {Zhou, Neng-Fa}, title = {What I have learned from all these solver competitions}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41431}, year = {2010}, abstract = {In this talk, I would like to share my experiences gained from participating in four CSP solver competitions and the second ASP solver competition. In particular, I'll talk about how various programming techniques can make huge differences in solving some of the benchmark problems used in the competitions. These techniques include global constraints, table constraints, and problem-specific propagators and labeling strategies for selecting variables and values. I'll present these techniques with experimental results from B-Prolog and other CLP(FD) systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HanusKoschnicke2010, author = {Hanus, Michael and Koschnicke, Sven}, title = {An ER-based framework for declarative web programming}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41447}, year = {2010}, abstract = {We describe a framework to support the implementation of web-based systems to manipulate data stored in relational databases. Since the conceptual model of a relational database is often specified as an entity-relationship (ER) model, we propose to use the ER model to generate a complete implementation in the declarative programming language Curry. This implementation contains operations to create and manipulate entities of the data model, supports authentication, authorization, session handling, and the composition of individual operations to user processes. Furthermore and most important, the implementation ensures the consistency of the database w.r.t. the data dependencies specified in the ER model, i.e., updates initiated by the user cannot lead to an inconsistent state of the database. In order to generate a high-level declarative implementation that can be easily adapted to individual customer requirements, the framework exploits previous works on declarative database programming and web user interface construction in Curry.}, language = {en} } @article{FiedlerSchwarz2005, author = {Fiedler, Ines and Schwarz, Anne}, title = {Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8739}, pages = {111 -- 142}, year = {2005}, abstract = {This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected non-focal sentence part in African tone languages. Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses. First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration. It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures.}, language = {en} } @article{JannedyMendozaDenton2005, author = {Jannedy, Stefanie and Mendoza-Denton, Norma}, title = {Structuring information through gesture and intonation}, series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, journal = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8774}, pages = {199 -- 244}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Face-to-face communication is multimodal. In unscripted spoken discourse we can observe the interaction of several "semiotic layers", modalities of information such as syntax, discourse structure, gesture, and intonation. We explore the role of gesture and intonation in structuring and aligning information in spoken discourse through a study of the co-occurrence of pitch accents and gestural apices. Metaphorical spatialization through gesture also plays a role in conveying the contextual relationships between the speaker, the government and other external forces in a naturally-occurring political speech setting.}, language = {en} }