@article{FreitasdaCruzPfahringerMartensenetal.2021, author = {Freitas da Cruz, Harry and Pfahringer, Boris and Martensen, Tom and Schneider, Frederic and Meyer, Alexander and B{\"o}ttinger, Erwin and Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick}, title = {Using interpretability approaches to update "black-box" clinical prediction models}, series = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM}, volume = {111}, journal = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0933-3657}, doi = {10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101982}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Despite advances in machine learning-based clinical prediction models, only few of such models are actually deployed in clinical contexts. Among other reasons, this is due to a lack of validation studies. In this paper, we present and discuss the validation results of a machine learning model for the prediction of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients initially developed on the MIMIC-III dataset when applied to an external cohort of an American research hospital. To help account for the performance differences observed, we utilized interpretability methods based on feature importance, which allowed experts to scrutinize model behavior both at the global and local level, making it possible to gain further insights into why it did not behave as expected on the validation cohort. The knowledge gleaned upon derivation can be potentially useful to assist model update during validation for more generalizable and simpler models. We argue that interpretability methods should be considered by practitioners as a further tool to help explain performance differences and inform model update in validation studies.}, language = {en} } @article{BorchertMockTomczaketal.2021, author = {Borchert, Florian and Mock, Andreas and Tomczak, Aurelie and H{\"u}gel, Jonas and Alkarkoukly, Samer and Knurr, Alexander and Volckmar, Anna-Lena and Stenzinger, Albrecht and Schirmacher, Peter and Debus, J{\"u}rgen and J{\"a}ger, Dirk and Longerich, Thomas and Fr{\"o}hling, Stefan and Eils, Roland and Bougatf, Nina and Sax, Ulrich and Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick}, title = {Knowledge bases and software support for variant interpretation in precision oncology}, series = {Briefings in bioinformatics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Briefings in bioinformatics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1467-5463}, doi = {10.1093/bib/bbab134}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary medical specialty. Comprehensive cancer panels are becoming increasingly available at pathology departments worldwide, creating the urgent need for scalable cancer variant annotation and molecularly informed treatment recommendations. A wealth of mainly academia-driven knowledge bases calls for software tools supporting the multi-step diagnostic process. We derive a comprehensive list of knowledge bases relevant for variant interpretation by a review of existing literature followed by a survey among medical experts from university hospitals in Germany. In addition, we review cancer variant interpretation tools, which integrate multiple knowledge bases. We categorize the knowledge bases along the diagnostic process in precision oncology and analyze programmatic access options as well as the integration of knowledge bases into software tools. The most commonly used knowledge bases provide good programmatic access options and have been integrated into a range of software tools. For the wider set of knowledge bases, access options vary across different parts of the diagnostic process. Programmatic access is limited for information regarding clinical classifications of variants and for therapy recommendations. The main issue for databases used for biological classification of pathogenic variants and pathway context information is the lack of standardized interfaces. There is no single cancer variant interpretation tool that integrates all identified knowledge bases. Specialized tools are available and need to be further developed for different steps in the diagnostic process.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Niephaus2022, author = {Niephaus, Fabio}, title = {Exploratory tool-building platforms for polyglot virtual machines}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571776}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 249}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Polyglot programming allows developers to use multiple programming languages within the same software project. While it is common to use more than one language in certain programming domains, developers also apply polyglot programming for other purposes such as to re-use software written in other languages. Although established approaches to polyglot programming come with significant limitations, for example, in terms of performance and tool support, developers still use them to be able to combine languages. Polyglot virtual machines (VMs) such as GraalVM provide a new level of polyglot programming, allowing languages to directly interact with each other. This reduces the amount of glue code needed to combine languages, results in better performance, and enables tools such as debuggers to work across languages. However, only a little research has focused on novel tools that are designed to support developers in building software with polyglot VMs. One reason is that tool-building is often an expensive activity, another one is that polyglot VMs are still a moving target as their use cases and requirements are not yet well understood. In this thesis, we present an approach that builds on existing self-sustaining programming systems such as Squeak/Smalltalk to enable exploratory programming, a practice for exploring and gathering software requirements, and re-use their extensive tool-building capabilities in the context of polyglot VMs. Based on TruffleSqueak, our implementation for the GraalVM, we further present five case studies that demonstrate how our approach helps tool developers to design and build tools for polyglot programming. We further show that TruffleSqueak can also be used by application developers to build and evolve polyglot applications at run-time and by language and runtime developers to understand the dynamic behavior of GraalVM languages and internals. Since our platform allows all these developers to apply polyglot programming, it can further help to better understand the advantages, use cases, requirements, and challenges of polyglot VMs. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach can also be applied to other polyglot VMs and that insights gained through it are transferable to other programming systems. We conclude that our research on tools for polyglot programming is an important step toward making polyglot VMs more approachable for developers in practice. With good tool support, we believe polyglot VMs can make it much more common for developers to take advantage of multiple languages and their ecosystems when building software.}, language = {en} } @misc{MeythalerBaumannKrasnovaetal.2023, author = {Meythaler, Antonia and Baumann, Annika and Krasnova, Hanna and Hinz, Oliver and Spiekermann, Sarah}, title = {Technology for humanity}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering}, volume = {65}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-023-00831-w}, pages = {487 -- 496}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dehnert2022, author = {Dehnert, Maik}, title = {Studies on the Digital Transformation of Incumbent Organizations}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548324}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {339}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Traditional organizations are strongly encouraged by emerging digital customer behavior and digital competition to transform their businesses for the digital age. Incumbents are particularly exposed to the field of tension between maintaining and renewing their business model. Banking is one of the industries most affected by digitalization, with a large stream of digital innovations around Fintech. Most research contributions focus on digital innovations, such as Fintech, but there are only a few studies on the related challenges and perspectives of incumbent organizations, such as traditional banks. Against this background, this dissertation examines the specific causes, effects and solutions for traditional banks in digital transformation - an underrepresented research area so far. The first part of the thesis examines how digitalization has changed the latent customer expectations in banking and studies the underlying technological drivers of evolving business-to-consumer (B2C) business models. Online consumer reviews are systematized to identify latent concepts of customer behavior and future decision paths as strategic digitalization effects. Furthermore, the service attribute preferences, the impact of influencing factors and the underlying customer segments are uncovered for checking accounts in a discrete choice experiment. The dissertation contributes here to customer behavior research in digital transformation, moving beyond the technology acceptance model. In addition, the dissertation systematizes value proposition types in the evolving discourse around smart products and services as key drivers of business models and market power in the platform economy. The second part of the thesis focuses on the effects of digital transformation on the strategy development of financial service providers, which are classified along with their firm performance levels. Standard types are derived based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), with facade digitalization as one typical standard type for low performing incumbent banks that lack a holistic strategic response to digital transformation. Based on this, the contradictory impact of digitalization measures on key business figures is examined for German savings banks, confirming that the shift towards digital customer interaction was not accompanied by new revenue models diminishing bank profitability. The dissertation further contributes to the discourse on digitalized work designs and the consequences for job perceptions in banking customer advisory. The threefold impact of the IT support perceived in customer interaction on the job satisfaction of customer advisors is disentangled. In the third part of the dissertation, solutions are developed design-oriented for core action areas of digitalized business models, i.e., data and platforms. A consolidated taxonomy for data-driven business models and a future reference model for digital banking have been developed. The impact of the platform economy is demonstrated here using the example of the market entry by Bigtech. The role-based e3-value modeling is extended by meta-roles and role segments and linked to value co-creation mapping in VDML. In this way, the dissertation extends enterprise modeling research on platform ecosystems and value co-creation using the example of banking.}, language = {en} } @misc{Krasnova2023, author = {Krasnova, Hanna}, title = {Interview with Christoph Neuberger on "How digital technologies are shaping our society and what we can do about it"}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering}, volume = {65}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-023-00832-9}, pages = {609 -- 611}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GonnermannMuellerTeichmann2024, author = {Gonnermann-M{\"u}ller, Jana and Teichmann, Malte}, title = {Examining the learner's cognitive load in response to different learning material in high and low immersive virtual learning environments}, series = {Information systems and neuroscience}, volume = {68}, booktitle = {Information systems and neuroscience}, editor = {Davis, Fred D. and Riedl, Ren{\´e} and vom Brocke, Jan and L{\´e}ger, Pierre-Majorique and Randolph, Adriane B. and M{\"u}ller-Putz, Gernot R.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-58395-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-58396-4_29}, pages = {333 -- 344}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Learning in virtual, immersive environments must be well-designed to foster learning instead of overwhelming and distracting the learner. So far, learning instructions based on cognitive load theory recommend keeping the learning instructions clean and simple to reduce the extraneous cognitive load of the learner to foster learning performance. The advantages of immersive learning, such as multiple options for realistic simulation, movement and feedback, raise questions about the tension between an increase of excitement and flow with highly realistic environments on the one hand and a reduction of cognitive load by developing clean and simple surroundings on the other hand. This study aims to gain insights into learners' cognitive responses during the learning process by continuously assessing cognitive load through eye-tracking. The experiment compares two distinct immersive learning environments and varying methods of content presentation.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumBaumannBatzel2024, author = {Baum, Katharina and Baumann, Annika and Batzel, Katharina}, title = {Investigating innovation diffusion in gender-specific medicine}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering}, volume = {66}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-024-00875-6}, pages = {335 -- 355}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The field of healthcare is characterized by constant innovation, with gender-specific medicine emerging as a new subfield that addresses sex and gender disparities in clinical manifestations, outcomes, treatment, and prevention of disease. Despite its importance, the adoption of gender-specific medicine remains understudied, posing potential risks to patient outcomes due to a lack of awareness of the topic. Building on the Innovation Decision Process Theory, this study examines the spread of information about gender-specific medicine in online networks. The study applies social network analysis to a Twitter dataset reflecting online discussions about the topic to gain insights into its adoption by health professionals and patients online. Results show that the network has a community structure with limited information exchange between sub-communities and that mainly medical experts dominate the discussion. The findings suggest that the adoption of gender-specific medicine might be in its early stages, focused on knowledge exchange. Understanding the diffusion of gender-specific medicine among medical professionals and patients may facilitate its adoption and ultimately improve health outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{AbramovaGladkaya2024, author = {Abramova, Olga and Gladkaya, Margarita}, title = {Behind videoconferencing fatigue at work}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-024-00874-7}, pages = {19}, year = {2024}, abstract = {A remarkable peculiarity of videoconferencing (VC) applications - the self-view - a.k.a. digital mirror, is examined as a potential reason behind the voiced exhaustion among users. This work draws on technostress research and objective self-awareness theory and proposes the communication role (sender vs. receiver) as an interaction variable. We report the results of two studies among European employees (n1 = 176, n2 = 253) with a one-year time lag. A higher frequency of self-view in a VC when receiving a message, i.e., listening to others, indirectly increases negative affect (study 1 \& 2) and exhaustion (study 2) via the increased state of public self-awareness. Self-viewing in the role of message sender, e.g., as an online presenter, also increases public self-awareness, but its overall effects are less harmful. As for individual differences, users predisposed to public self-consciousness were more concerned with how other VC participants perceived them. Gender effects were insignificant.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Grum2024, author = {Grum, Marcus}, title = {Researching multi-site artificial neural networks' activation rates and activation cycles}, series = {Business modeling and software design : 14th International Symposium, BMSD 2024, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, July 1-3, 2024, proceedings}, booktitle = {Business modeling and software design : 14th International Symposium, BMSD 2024, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, July 1-3, 2024, proceedings}, editor = {Shishkov, Boris}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-64072-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-64073-5_12}, pages = {186 -- 206}, year = {2024}, abstract = {With the further development of more and more production machines into cyber-physical systems, and their greater integration with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the coordination of intelligent systems is a highly relevant target factor for the operation and improvement of networked processes, such as they can be found in cross-organizational production contexts spanning multiple distributed locations. This work aims to extend prior research on managing their artificial knowledge transfers as coordination instrument by examining effects of different activation types (respective activation rates and cycles) on by Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-instructed production machines. For this, it provides a new integration type of ANN-based cyber-physical production system as a tool to research artificial knowledge transfers: In a design-science-oriented way, a prototype of a simulation system is constructed as Open Source information system which will be used in on-building research to (I) enable research on ANN activation types in production networks, (II) illustrate ANN-based production networks disrupted by activation types and clarify the need for harmonizing them, and (III) demonstrate conceptual management interventions. This simulator shall establish the importance of site-specific coordination mechanisms and novel forms of management interventions as drivers of efficient artificial knowledge transfer.}, language = {en} }