@article{ChengvandenBerghZengetal.2013, author = {Cheng, Shifeng and van den Bergh, Erik and Zeng, Peng and Zhong, Xiao and Xu, Jiajia and Liu, Xin and Hofberger, Johannes and de Bruijn, Suzanne and Bhide, Amey S. and Kuelahoglu, Canan and Bian, Chao and Chen, Jing and Fan, Guangyi and Kaufmann, Kerstin and Hall, Jocelyn C. and Becker, Annette and Br{\"a}utigam, Andrea and Weber, Andreas P. M. and Shi, Chengcheng and Zheng, Zhijun and Li, Wujiao and Lv, Mingju and Tao, Yimin and Wang, Junyi and Zou, Hongfeng and Quan, Zhiwu and Hibberd, Julian M. and Zhang, Gengyun and Zhu, Xin-Guang and Xu, Xun and Schranz, M. Eric}, title = {The Tarenaya hassleriana Genome Provides insight Into Reproductive Trait and Genome Evolution of Crucifers}, series = {The plant cell}, volume = {25}, journal = {The plant cell}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1040-4651}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.113.113480}, pages = {2813 -- 2830}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops, is unmatched among plants in its wealth of genomic and functional molecular data and has long served as a model for understanding gene, genome, and trait evolution. However, genome information from a phylogenetic outgroup that is essential for inferring directionality of evolutionary change has been lacking. We therefore sequenced the genome of the spider flower (Tarenaya hassleriana) from the Brassicaceae sister family, the Cleomaceae. By comparative analysis of the two lineages, we show that genome evolution following ancient polyploidy and gene duplication events affect reproductively important traits. We found an ancient genome triplication in Tarenaya (Th-alpha) that is independent of the Brassicaceae-specific duplication (At-alpha) and nested Brassica (Br-a) triplication. To showcase the potential of sister lineage genome analysis, we investigated the state of floral developmental genes and show Brassica retains twice as many floral MADS (for MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS and SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR) genes as Tarenaya that likely contribute to morphological diversity in Brassica. We also performed synteny analysis of gene families that confer self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae and found that the critical SERINE RECEPTOR KINASE receptor gene is derived from a lineage-specific tandem duplication. The T. hassleriana genome will facilitate future research toward elucidating the evolutionary history of Brassicaceae genomes.}, language = {en} } @article{ChengKliemDing2018, author = {Cheng, Xin and Kliem, Bernhard and Ding, Mingde}, title = {Unambiguous evidence of filament splitting-induced partial eruptions}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {856}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aab08d}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Coronal mass ejections are often considered to result from the full eruption of a magnetic flux rope (MFR). However, it is recognized that, in some events, the MFR may release only part of its flux, with the details of the implied splitting not completely established due to limitations in observations. Here, we investigate two partial eruption events including a confined and a successful one. Both partial eruptions are a consequence of the vertical splitting of a filament-hosting MFR involving internal reconnection. A loss of equilibrium in the rising part of the magnetic flux is suggested by the impulsive onset of both events and by the delayed onset of reconnection in the confined event. The remaining part of the flux might be line-tied to the photosphere in a bald patch (BP) separatrix surface, and we confirm the existence of extended BP sections for the successful eruption. The internal reconnection is signified by brightenings in the body of one filament and between the rising and remaining parts of both filaments. It evolves quickly into the standard current sheet reconnection in the wake of the eruption. As a result, regardless of being confined or successful, both eruptions produce hard X-ray sources and flare loops below the erupting but above the surviving flux, as well as a pair of flare ribbons enclosing the latter.}, language = {en} } @article{XueYanChengetal.2016, author = {Xue, Zhike and Yan, Xiaoli and Cheng, Xin and Yang, Liheng and Su, Yingna and Kliem, Bernhard and Zhang, Jun and Liu, Zhong and Bi, Yi and Xiang, Yongyuan and Yang, Kai and Zhao, Li}, title = {Observing the release of twist by magnetic reconnection in a solar filament eruption}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {7}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms11837}, pages = {11}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process of topology change and energy release, taking place in plasmas on the Sun, in space, in astrophysical objects and in the laboratory. However, observational evidence has been relatively rare and typically only partial. Here we present evidence of fast reconnection in a solar filament eruption using high-resolution H-alpha images from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, supplemented by extreme ultraviolet observations. The reconnection is seen to occur between a set of ambient chromospheric fibrils and the filament itself. This allows for the relaxation of magnetic tension in the filament by an untwisting motion, demonstrating a flux rope structure. The topology change and untwisting are also found through nonlinear force-free field modelling of the active region in combination with magnetohydrodynamic simulation. These results demonstrate a new role for reconnection in solar eruptions: the release of magnetic twist.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouZhangGuietal.2015, author = {Zhou, Ying and Zhang, Ling and Gui, Jiadong and Dong, Fang and Cheng, Sihua and Mei, Xin and Zhang, Linyun and Li, Yongqing and Su, Xinguo and Baldermann, Susanne and Watanabe, Naoharu and Yang, Ziyin}, title = {Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase Showing Activity with Volatile Compounds Isolated from Camellia sinensis}, series = {Plant molecular biology reporter}, volume = {33}, journal = {Plant molecular biology reporter}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0735-9640}, doi = {10.1007/s11105-014-0751-z}, pages = {253 -- 263}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Camellia sinensis synthesizes and emits a large variety of volatile phenylpropanoids and benzenoids (VPB). To investigate the enzymes involved in the formation of these VPB compounds, a new C. sinensis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (CsSDR) was isolated, cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. The complete open reading frame of CsSDR contains 996 nucleotides with a calculated protein molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. The CsSDR recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli exhibited dehydrogenase-reductase activity towards several major VPB compounds in C. sinensis flowers with a strong preference for NADP/NADPH co-factors, and showed affinity for (R)/(S)-1-phenylethanol (1PE), phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol, and no affinity for acetophenone (AP) and 2-phenylethanol. CsSDR showed the highest catalytic efficiency towards (R)/(S)-1PE. Furthermore, the transient expression analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana plants validated that CsSDR could convert 1PE to AP in plants. CsSDR transcript level was not significantly affected by floral development and some jasmonic acid-related environmental stress, and CsSDR transcript accumulation was detected in most floral tissues such as receptacle and anther, which were main storage locations of VPB compounds. Our results indicate that CsSDR is expressed in C. sinensis flowers and is likely to contribute to a number of floral VPB compounds including the 1PE derivative AP.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouZengFuetal.2016, author = {Zhou, Ying and Zeng, Lanting and Fu, Xiumin and Mei, Xin and Cheng, Sihua and Liao, Yinyin and Deng, Rufang and Xu, Xinlan and Jiang, Yueming and Duan, Xuewu and Baldermann, Susanne and Yang, Ziyin}, title = {The sphingolipid biosynthetic enzyme Sphingolipid delta8 desaturase is important for chilling resistance of tomato}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {6}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep38742}, pages = {10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The physiological functions of sphingolipids in animals have been intensively studied, while less attention has been paid to their roles in plants. Here, we reveal the involvement of sphingolipid delta8 desaturase (SlSLD) in the chilling resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). We used the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to knock-down SlSLD expression in tomato leaves, and then evaluated chilling resistance. Changes in leaf cell structure under a chilling treatment were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In control plants, SlSLD was highly expressed in the fruit and leaves in response to a chilling treatment. The degree of chilling damage was greater in SlSLD-silenced plants than in control plants, indicating that SlSLD knock-down significantly reduced the chilling resistance of tomato. Compared with control plants, SlSLD-silenced plants showed higher relative electrolytic leakage and malondialdehyde content, and lower superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities after a chilling treatment. Chilling severely damaged the chloroplasts in SlSLD-silenced plants, resulting in the disruption of chloroplast membranes, swelling of thylakoids, and reduced granal stacking. Together, these results show that SlSLD is crucial for chilling resistance in tomato.}, language = {en} } @misc{WangLiZhangetal.2018, author = {Wang, Guang and Li, Pei-zhi and Zhang, Shi-yao and Zhong, Shan and Chu, Chang and Zeng, Shufei and Yan, Yu and Cheng, Xin and Chuai, Manli and Hocher, Berthold and Yang, Xuesong}, title = {Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Induced Angiogenesis During Chicken Embryogenesis is Abolished by Combined ETA/ETB Receptor Blockade}, series = {Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry}, journal = {Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry}, number = {615}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.1159/000492547}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424552}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Angiogenesis plays a key role during embryonic development. The vascular endothelin (ET) system is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce angiogenesis. The effects of ET blockers on baseline and LPS-stimulated angiogenesis during embryonic development remain unknown so far. Methods: The blood vessel density (BVD) of chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), which were treated with saline (control), LPS, and/or BQ123 and the ETB blocker BQ788, were quantified and analyzed using an IPP 6.0 image analysis program. Moreover, the expressions of ET-1, ET-2, ET3, ET receptor A (ETRA), ET receptor B (ETRB) and VEGFR2 mRNA during embryogenesis were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: All components of the ET system are detectable during chicken embryogenesis. LPS increased angiogenesis substantially. This process was completely blocked by the treatment of a combination of the ETA receptor blockers-BQ123 and the ETB receptor blocker BQ788. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in ETRA, ETRB, and VEGFR2 gene expression. However, the baseline angiogenesis was not affected by combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade. Conclusion: During chicken embryogenesis, the LPS-stimulated angiogenesis, but not baseline angiogenesis, is sensitive to combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel}, language = {en} } @article{WangLiZhangetal.2018, author = {Wang, Guang and Li, Pei-zhi and Zhang, Shi-yao and Zhong, Shan and Chu, Chang and Zeng, Shufei and Yan, Yu and Cheng, Xin and Chuai, Manli and Hocher, Berthold and Yang, Xuesong}, title = {Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Induced Angiogenesis During Chicken Embryogenesis is Abolished by Combined ETA/ETB Receptor Blockade}, series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology}, volume = {48}, journal = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1015-8987}, doi = {10.1159/000492547}, pages = {2084 -- 2090}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Angiogenesis plays a key role during embryonic development. The vascular endothelin (ET) system is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce angiogenesis. The effects of ET blockers on baseline and LPS-stimulated angiogenesis during embryonic development remain unknown so far. Methods: The blood vessel density (BVD) of chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), which were treated with saline (control), LPS, and/or BQ123 and the ETB blocker BQ788, were quantified and analyzed using an IPP 6.0 image analysis program. Moreover, the expressions of ET-1, ET-2, ET3, ET receptor A (ETRA), ET receptor B (ETRB) and VEGFR2 mRNA during embryogenesis were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: All components of the ET system are detectable during chicken embryogenesis. LPS increased angiogenesis substantially. This process was completely blocked by the treatment of a combination of the ETA receptor blockers-BQ123 and the ETB receptor blocker BQ788. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in ETRA, ETRB, and VEGFR2 gene expression. However, the baseline angiogenesis was not affected by combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade. Conclusion: During chicken embryogenesis, the LPS-stimulated angiogenesis, but not baseline angiogenesis, is sensitive to combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChengZhangKliemetal.2020, author = {Cheng, Xin and Zhang, Jie and Kliem, Bernhard and T{\"o}r{\"o}k, Tibor and Xing, Chen and Zhou, Zhenjun and Inhester, Bernd and Ding, Mingde}, title = {Initiation and early kinematic evolution of solar eruptions}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51972}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519720}, pages = {22}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We investigate the initiation and early evolution of 12 solar eruptions, including six active-region hot channel and six quiescent filament eruptions, which were well observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, as well as by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory for the latter. The sample includes one failed eruption and 11 coronal mass ejections, with velocities ranging from 493 to 2140 km s(-1). A detailed analysis of the eruption kinematics yields the following main results. (1) The early evolution of all events consists of a slow-rise phase followed by a main-acceleration phase, the height-time profiles of which differ markedly and can be best fit, respectively, by a linear and an exponential function. This indicates that different physical processes dominate in these phases, which is at variance with models that involve a single process. (2) The kinematic evolution of the eruptions tends to be synchronized with the flare light curve in both phases. The synchronization is often but not always close. A delayed onset of the impulsive flare phase is found in the majority of the filament eruptions (five out of six). This delay and its trend to be larger for slower eruptions favor ideal MHD instability models. (3) The average decay index at the onset heights of the main acceleration is close to the threshold of the torus instability for both groups of events (although, it is based on a tentative coronal field model for the hot channels), suggesting that this instability initiates and possibly drives the main acceleration.}, language = {en} } @article{ChengZhangKliemetal.2020, author = {Cheng, Xin and Zhang, Jie and Kliem, Bernhard and T{\"o}r{\"o}k, Tibor and Xing, Chen and Zhou, Zhenjun and Inhester, Bernd and Ding, Mingde}, title = {Initiation and early kinematic evolution of solar eruptions}, series = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {894}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge Scientific Publishers}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1055-6796}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab886a}, pages = {1 -- 20}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We investigate the initiation and early evolution of 12 solar eruptions, including six active-region hot channel and six quiescent filament eruptions, which were well observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, as well as by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory for the latter. The sample includes one failed eruption and 11 coronal mass ejections, with velocities ranging from 493 to 2140 km s(-1). A detailed analysis of the eruption kinematics yields the following main results. (1) The early evolution of all events consists of a slow-rise phase followed by a main-acceleration phase, the height-time profiles of which differ markedly and can be best fit, respectively, by a linear and an exponential function. This indicates that different physical processes dominate in these phases, which is at variance with models that involve a single process. (2) The kinematic evolution of the eruptions tends to be synchronized with the flare light curve in both phases. The synchronization is often but not always close. A delayed onset of the impulsive flare phase is found in the majority of the filament eruptions (five out of six). This delay and its trend to be larger for slower eruptions favor ideal MHD instability models. (3) The average decay index at the onset heights of the main acceleration is close to the threshold of the torus instability for both groups of events (although, it is based on a tentative coronal field model for the hot channels), suggesting that this instability initiates and possibly drives the main acceleration.}, language = {en} }