@misc{HetenyiMolinariClintonetal.2018, author = {Hetenyi, Gyorgy and Molinari, Irene and Clinton, John and Bokelmann, Gotz and Bondar, Istvan and Crawford, Wayne C. and Dessa, Jean-Xavier and Doubre, Cecile and Friederich, Wolfgang and Fuchs, Florian and Giardini, Domenico and Graczer, Zoltan and Handy, Mark R. and Herak, Marijan and Jia, Yan and Kissling, Edi and Kopp, Heidrun and Korn, Michael and Margheriti, Lucia and Meier, Thomas and Mucciarelli, Marco and Paul, Anne and Pesaresi, Damiano and Piromallo, Claudia and Plenefisch, Thomas and Plomerova, Jaroslava and Ritter, Joachim and Rumpker, Georg and Sipka, Vesna and Spallarossa, Daniele and Thomas, Christine and Tilmann, Frederik and Wassermann, Joachim and Weber, Michael and Weber, Zoltan and Wesztergom, Viktor and Zivcic, Mladen and Abreu, Rafael and Allegretti, Ivo and Apoloner, Maria-Theresia and Aubert, Coralie and Besancon, Simon and de Berc, Maxime Bes and Brunel, Didier and Capello, Marco and Carman, Martina and Cavaliere, Adriano and Cheze, Jerome and Chiarabba, Claudio and Cougoulat, Glenn and Cristiano, Luigia and Czifra, Tibor and Danesi, Stefania and Daniel, Romuald and Dannowski, Anke and Dasovic, Iva and Deschamps, Anne and Egdorf, Sven and Fiket, Tomislav and Fischer, Kasper and Funke, Sigward and Govoni, Aladino and Groschl, Gidera and Heimers, Stefan and Heit, Ben and Herak, Davorka and Huber, Johann and Jaric, Dejan and Jedlicka, Petr and Jund, Helene and Klingen, Stefan and Klotz, Bernhard and Kolinsky, Petr and Kotek, Josef and Kuhne, Lothar and Kuk, Kreso and Lange, Dietrich and Loos, Jurgen and Lovati, Sara and Malengros, Deny and Maron, Christophe and Martin, Xavier and Massa, Marco and Mazzarini, Francesco and Metral, Laurent and Moretti, Milena and Munzarova, Helena and Nardi, Anna and Pahor, Jurij and Pequegnat, Catherine and Petersen, Florian and Piccinini, Davide and Pondrelli, Silvia and Prevolnik, Snjezan and Racine, Roman and Regnier, Marc and Reiss, Miriam and Salimbeni, Simone and Santulin, Marco and Scherer, Werner and Schippkus, Sven and Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef and Solarino, Stefano and Spieker, Kathrin and Stipcevic, Josip and Strollo, Angelo and Sule, Balint and Szanyi, Gyongyver and Szucs, Eszter and Thorwart, Martin and Ueding, Stefan and Vallocchia, Massimiliano and Vecsey, Ludek and Voigt, Rene and Weidle, Christian and Weyland, Gauthier and Wiemer, Stefan and Wolf, Felix and Wolyniec, David and Zieke, Thomas}, title = {The AlpArray seismic network}, series = {Surveys in Geophysics}, volume = {39}, journal = {Surveys in Geophysics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, organization = {ETHZ SED Elect Lab AlpArray Seismic Network Team AlpArray OBS Cruise Crew AlpArray Working Grp}, issn = {0169-3298}, doi = {10.1007/s10712-018-9472-4}, pages = {1009 -- 1033}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps-Apennines-Carpathians-Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.}, language = {en} } @book{MientusKlempinNowaketal.2023, author = {Mientus, Lukas and Klempin, Christiane and Nowak, Anna and Wyss, Corinne and Aufschnaiter, Claudia von and Faix, Ann-Christin and te Poel, Kathrin and Wahbe, Nadia and Pieper, Martin and H{\"o}ller, Katharina and Kallenbach, Lea and F{\"o}rster, Magdalena and Redecker, Anke and Dick, Mirjam and Holle, J{\"o}rg and Schneider, Edina and Rehfeldt, Daniel and Brauns, Sarah and Abels, Simone and Ferencik-Lehmkuhl, Daria and Fr{\"a}nkel, Silvia and Frohn, Julia and Liebsch, Ann-Catherine and Pech, Detlef and Schreier, Pascal and Jessen, Moiken and Großmann, Uta and Skintey, Lesya and Voerkel, Paul and Vaz Ferreira, Mergenfel A. and Zimmermann, Jan-Simon and Buddeberg, Magdalena and Henke, Vanessa and Hornberg, Sabine and V{\"o}lschow, Yvette and Warrelmann, Julia-Nadine and Malek, Jennifer and Tinnefeld, Anja and Schmidt, Peggy and Bauer, Tobias and J{\"a}nisch, Christopher and Spitzer, Lisa and Franken, Nadine and Degeling, Maria and Preisfeld, Angelika and Meier, Jana and K{\"u}th, Simon and Scholl, Daniel and Vogelsang, Christoph and Watson, Christina and Weißbach, Anna and Kulgemeyer, Christoph and Oetken, Mandy and Gorski, Sebastian and Kubsch, Marcus and Sorge, Stefan and Wulff, Peter and Fellenz, Carolin D. and Schnell, Susanne and Larisch, Cathleen and Kaiser, Franz and Knott, Christina and Reimer, Stefanie and Stegm{\"u}ller, Nathalie and Boukray{\^a}a Trabelsi, Kathrin and Schißlbauer, Franziska and Lemberger, Lukas and Barth, Ulrike and Wiehl, Angelika and Rogge, Tim and B{\"o}hnke, Anja and Dietz, Dennis and Großmann, Leroy and Wienmeister, Annett and Zoppke, Till and Jiang, Lisa and Gr{\"u}nbauer, Stephanie and Ostersehlt, D{\"o}rte and Peukert, Sophia and Sch{\"a}fer, Christoph and L{\"o}big, Anna and Br{\"o}ll, Leena and Brandt, Birgit and Breuer, Meike and Dausend, Henriette and Krelle, Michael and Andersen, Gesine and Falke, Sascha and Kindermann-G{\"u}zel, Kristin and K{\"o}rner, Katrina and Lottermoser, Lisa-Marie and P{\"u}gner, Kati and Sonnenburg, Nadine and Akarsu, Selim and Rechl, Friederike and Gadinger, Laureen and Heinze, Lena and Wittmann, Eveline and Franke, Manuela and Lachmund, Anne-Marie and B{\"o}ttger, Julia and Hannover, Bettina and Behrendt, Renata and Conty, Valentina and Grundmann, Stephanie and Ghassemi, Novid and Opitz, Ben and Br{\"a}mer, Martin and Gasparjan, David and Sambanis, Michaela and K{\"o}ster, Hilde and L{\"u}cke, Martin and Nordmeier, Volkhard and Schaal, Sonja and Haberbosch, Maximilian and Meissner, Maren and Schaal, Steffen and Br{\"u}chner, Melanie and Riehle, Tamara and Leopold, Bengta Marie and Gerlach, Susanne and Rau-Patschke, Sarah and Skorsetz, Nina and Weber, Nadine and Damk{\"o}hler, Jens and Elsholz, Markus and Trefzger, Thomas and Lewek, Tobias and Borowski, Andreas}, title = {Reflexion in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung und Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung und Bildungsforschung}, number = {4}, editor = {Mientus, Lukas and Klempin, Christiane and Nowak, Anna}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-566-8}, issn = {2626-3556}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591717}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {452}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Reflexion ist eine Schl{\"u}sselkategorie f{\"u}r die professionelle Entwicklung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften, welche als Ausbildungsziel in den Bildungsstandards f{\"u}r die Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung verankert ist. Eine Verstetigung universit{\"a}r gepr{\"a}gter Forschung und Modellierung in der praxisnahen Anwendung im schulischen Kontext bietet Potentiale nachhaltiger Professionalisierung. Die St{\"a}rkung reflexionsbezogener Kompetenzen durch Empirie und Anwendung scheint eine phasen{\"u}bergreifende Herausforderung der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung zu sein, die es zu bew{\"a}ltigen gilt. Ziele des Tagungsbandes Reflexion in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung sind eine theoretische Sch{\"a}rfung des Konzeptes „Reflexive Professionalisierung" und der Austausch {\"u}ber Fragen der Einbettung wirksamer reflexionsbezogener Lerngelegenheiten in die Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung. Forschende und Lehrende der‚ drei Phasen (Studium, Referendariat sowie Fort- und Weiterbildung) der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung stellen Lehrkonzepte und Forschungsprojekte zum Thema Reflexion in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung vor und diskutieren diese. Gemeinsam mit Teilnehmenden aller Phasen und von verschiedenen Standorten der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung werden zuk{\"u}nftige Herausforderungen identifiziert und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze herausgearbeitet.}, language = {de} } @article{KaeterZiemannBoettgeretal.2017, author = {Kaeter, David and Ziemann, Martin Andreas and B{\"o}ttger, Ute and Weber, Iris and Hecht, Lutz and Voropaev, Sergey A. and Korochantsev, Alexander V. and Kocherov, Andrey V.}, title = {The Chelyabinsk meteorite}, series = {Meteoritics \& planetary science : journal of the Meteoritical Society}, volume = {53}, journal = {Meteoritics \& planetary science : journal of the Meteoritical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1086-9379}, doi = {10.1111/maps.13027}, pages = {416 -- 432}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We present results of petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical investigations of three Chelyabinsk meteorite fragments. Three distinct lithologies were identified: light S3LL5, dark S4-S5LL5 material, and opaque fine-grained former impact melt. Olivine-spinel thermometry revealed an equilibration temperature of 703 +/- 23 degrees C for the light lithology. All plagioclase seems to be secondary, showing neither shock-induced fractures nor sulfide-metal veinlets. Feldspathic glass can be observed showing features of extensive melting and, in the dark lithology, as maskelynite, lacking melt features and retaining grain boundaries of former plagioclase. Olivine of the dark lithology shows planar deformation features. Impact melt is dominated by Mg-rich olivine and resembles whole-rock melt. Melt veins (<2mm) are connected to narrower veinlets. Melt vein textures are similar to pegmatite textures showing chilled margins, a zone of inward-grown elongated crystals and central vugs, suggesting crystallization from supercooled melt. Sulfide-metal droplets indicate liquid immiscibility of both silicate and sulfide as well as sulfide and metal melts. Impact melting may have been an important factor for differentiation of primitive planetary bodies. Graphite associated with micrometer-sized melt inclusions in primary olivine was detected by Raman mapping. Carbon isotopic studies of graphite could be applied to test a possible presolar origin.}, language = {en} } @article{BudwegBockWeber2006, author = {Budweg, Martin and Bock, G{\"u}nter and Weber, Michael H.}, title = {The Eifel Plume : imaged with converted seismic waves}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02778.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Receiver functions (RF) are used to investigate the upper mantle structure beneath the Eifel, the youngest volcanic area of Central Europe. Data from 96 teleseismic events recorded by 242 seismological stations from permanent and a temporary network has been analysed. The temporary network operated from 1997 November to 1998 June and covered an area of approximately 400 x 250 km(2) centred on the Eifel volcanic fields. The average Moho depth in the Eifel is approximately 30 km, thinning to ca. 28 km under the Eifel volcanic fields. RF images suggest the existence of a low velocity zone at about 60-90 km depth under the West Eifel. This observation is supported by P- and S-wave tomographic results and absorption (but the array aperture limits the resolution of the tomographic methods to the upper 400 km). There are also indications for a zone of elevated velocities at around 200 km depth, again in agreement with S-wave and absorption tomographic results. This anomaly is not visible in P-wave tomography and could be due to S-wave anisotropy. The RF anomalies at the Moho, at 60-90 km, and near 200 km depth have a lateral extent of about 100 km. The 410 km discontinuity under the Eifel is depressed by 15-25 km, which could be explained by a maximum temperature increase of +200 degrees C to +300 degrees C. In the 3-D RF image of the Eifel Plume we also notice two additional currently unexplained conversions between 410 and 550 km depth. They could represent remnants of previous subduction or anomalies due to delayed phase changes. The lateral extent of these conversions and the depression of the 410 km discontinuity is about 200 km. The 660 km discontinuity does not show any depth deviation from its expected value. Our observations are consistent with interpretation in terms of an upper mantle plume but they do not rule out connections to processes at larger depth}, language = {en} } @book{Weber2006, author = {Weber, Martin}, title = {{\"O}ffentliches Dienstrecht in Polen, der Slowakei und Estland : Reformkonzepte und Implementation im Vergleich}, series = {Forschungspapiere Probleme der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung in Mittel- und Osteuropa}, volume = {8}, journal = {Forschungspapiere Probleme der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung in Mittel- und Osteuropa}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {3-939469-28-9}, issn = {1860-028x}, pages = {56 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @book{Weber2006, author = {Weber, Martin}, title = {{\"O}ffentliches Dienstrecht in Polen, der Slowakei und Estland : Reformkonzepte und Implementation im Vergleich}, isbn = {978-3-939469-28-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8124}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Aus der Einleitung Ziel der folgenden Studie ist es, die Entwicklung des {\"o}ffentlichen Dienstrechts in Polen, der Slowakei und Estland vergleichend zu analysieren. Die Schaffung eines professionellen und entpolitisierten Staatsdienstes ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Konsolidierung von Marktwirtschaft und Demokratie im Zuge der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Transformationsprozesse im postsozialistischen Mittel- und Osteuropa. Eine Verfestigung demokratischer Institutionen und Ver-fahren kann nur gelingen, wenn die Gesetzesausf{\"u}hrung und die damit Beauftragten selbst demokratisch legitimiert und kontrolliert sind. Das Verwaltungshandeln sollte nicht nur sachlich-inhaltlich, sondern auch personell-institutionell an Gesetz und Recht gebunden sein. Daher m{\"u}ssen insbesondere Fragen des Dienstverh{\"a}ltnisses der Beamten gesetzlich geregelt und von willk{\"u}rlichen Entscheidungen der jeweiligen politischen F{\"u}hrung unabh{\"a}ngig sein. In der Mehrzahl der mittel- und osteurop{\"a}ischen Staaten sind mittlerweile entsprechende Gesetze in Kraft. Die unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkte der Verabschiedung (1995 in Estland, 1998 in Polen und 2001 in der Slowakei) machen aber deutlich, dass die Notwendigkeit eines entsprechend den oben genannten Kriterien konzipierten Staatsdienstes keinesfalls {\"u}berall erkannt wurde. Die in der Literatur verbreitete Einsch{\"a}tzung, dass in allen mittel- und osteurop{\"a}ischen Staaten noch beachtliche Diskrepanzen zwischen den immensen politischen Herausforderungen einerseits und den begrenzten Regierungskapazit{\"a}ten andererseits bestehen, deuten darauf hin, dass die Umsetzung der Beamtengesetze weiter verbesserungsw{\"u}rdig ist.}, language = {de} } @article{VillatoroWeberZuehlkeetal.2019, author = {Villatoro, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s and Weber, M. and Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Lehmann, A. and Zenichowski, Karl and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Kreuzer, O.}, title = {Structural characterization of synthetic peptides using electrospray ion mobility spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations}, series = {International Journal of Mass Spectrometry}, volume = {436}, journal = {International Journal of Mass Spectrometry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1387-3806}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijms.2018.10.036}, pages = {108 -- 117}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry was employed for the determination of collision cross sections (CCS) of 25 synthetically produced peptides in the mass range between 540-3310 Da. The experimental measurement of the CCS is complemented by their calculation applying two different methods. One prediction method is the intrinsic size parameter (ISP) method developed by the Clemmer group. The second new method is based on the evaluation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories as a whole, resulting in a single, averaged collision cross-section value for a given peptide in the gas phase. A high temperature MD simulation is run in order to scan through the whole conformational space. The lower temperature conformational distribution is obtained through thermodynamic reweighting. In the first part, various correlations, e.g. CCS vs. mass and inverse mobility vs. m/z correlations, are presented. Differences in CCS between peptides are also discussed in terms of their respective mass and m/z differences, as well as their respective structures. In the second part, measured and calculated CCS are compared. The agreement between the prediction results and the experimental values is in the same range for both calculation methods. While the calculation effort of the ISP method is much lower, the MD method comprises several tools providing deeper insights into the conformations of peptides. Advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed. Based on the separation of two pairs of linear and cyclic peptides of virtually the same mass, the influence of the structure on the cross sections is discussed. The shift in cross section differences and peak shape after transition from the linear to the cyclic peptide can be well understood by applying different MD tools, e.g. the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{VillatoroZuehlkeRiebeetal.2016, author = {Villatoro, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s and Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and Weber, Marcus and Riedel, Jens and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd}, title = {IR-MALDI ion mobility spectrometry: physical source characterization and application as HPLC detector}, series = {International journal for ion mobility spectrometry : official publication of the International Society for Ion Mobility Spectrometry}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal for ion mobility spectrometry : official publication of the International Society for Ion Mobility Spectrometry}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1435-6163}, doi = {10.1007/s12127-016-0208-1}, pages = {197 -- 207}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion and ionization (IR-MALDI) in combination with ion mobility (IM) spectrometry enables the direct analysis of biomolecules in aqueous solution. The release of ions directly from an aqueous solution is based on a phase explosion, induced by the absorption of an IR laser pulse, which disperses the liquid as vapor, nano-and micro-droplets. The ionization process is characterized initially by a broad spatial distribution of the ions, which is a result of complex fluid dynamics and desolvation kinetics. These processes have a profound effect on the shape and width of the peaks in the IM spectra. In this work, the transport of ions by the phase explosion-induced shockwave could be studied independently from the transport by the electric field. The shockwave-induced mean velocities of the ions at different time scales were determined through IM spectrometry and shadowgraphy. The results show a deceleration of the ions from 118 m.s(-1) at a distance of 400 mu m from the liquid surface to 7.1 m.s(-1) at a distance of 10 mm, which is caused by a pile-up effect. Furthermore, the desolvation kinetics were investigated and a first-order desolvation constant of 325 +/- 50 s(-1) was obtained. In the second part, the IR-MALDI-IM spectrometer is used as an HPLC detector for the two-dimensional separation of a pesticide mixture.}, language = {en} } @article{VillatoroLealZuehlkeRiebeetal.2020, author = {Villatoro Leal, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s and Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and Weber, Marcus and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd}, title = {Sub-ambient pressure IR-MALDI ion mobility spectrometer for the determination of low and high field mobilities}, series = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, volume = {412}, journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, number = {22}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1618-2642}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-020-02735-0}, pages = {5247 -- 5260}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A new ion mobility (IM) spectrometer, enabling mobility measurements in the pressure range between 5 and 500 mbar and in the reduced field strength range E/N of 5-90 Td, was developed and characterized. Reduced mobility (K-0) values were studied under low E/N (constant value) as well as high E/N (deviation from low field K-0) for a series of molecular ions in nitrogen. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) was used in two configurations: a source working at atmospheric pressure (AP) and, for the first time, an IR-MALDI source working with a liquid (aqueous) matrix at sub-ambient/reduced pressure (RP). The influence of RP on IR-MALDI was examined and new insights into the dispersion process were gained. This enabled the optimization of the IM spectrometer for best analytical performance. While ion desolvation is less efficient at RP, the transport of ions is more efficient, leading to intensity enhancement and an increased number of oligomer ions. When deciding between AP and RP IR-MALDI, a trade-off between intensity and resolving power has to be considered. Here, the low field mobility of peptide ions was first measured and compared with reference values from ESI-IM spectrometry (at AP) as well as collision cross sections obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The second application was the determination of the reduced mobility of various substituted ammonium ions as a function of E/N in nitrogen. The mobility is constant up to a threshold at high E/N. Beyond this threshold, mobility increases were observed. This behavior can be explained by the loss of hydrated water molecules.}, language = {en} } @article{HenkelColemanSchraplauetal.2017, author = {Henkel, Janin and Coleman, Charles Dominic and Schraplau, Anne and J{\"o}hrens, Korinna and Weber, Daniela and Castro, Jose Pedro and Hugo, Martin and Schulz, Tim Julius and Kr{\"a}mer, Stephanie and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul}, title = {Induction of Steatohepatitis (NASH) with Insulin Resistance in Wild-type B6 Mice by a Western-type Diet Containing Soybean Oil and Cholesterol}, series = {Molecular medicine}, volume = {23}, journal = {Molecular medicine}, publisher = {Feinstein Inst. for Medical Research}, address = {Manhasset}, issn = {1076-1551}, doi = {10.2119/molmed.2016.00203}, pages = {70 -- 82}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are hepatic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Many currently used animal models of NAFLD/NASH lack clinical features of either NASH or metabolic syndrome such as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis (e.g., high-fat diets) or overweight and insulin resistance (e.g., methionine-choline-deficient diets), or they are based on monogenetic defects (e.g., ob/ob mice). In the current study, a Western-type diet containing soybean oil with high n-6-PUFA and 0.75\% cholesterol (SOD + Cho) induced steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis accompanied by hepatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in livers of C57BL/6-mice, which in addition showed increased weight gain and insulin resistance, thus displaying a phenotype closely resembling all clinical features of NASH in patients with metabolic syndrome. In striking contrast, a soybean oil-containing Western-type diet without cholesterol (SOD) induced only mild steatosis but not hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, weight gain or insulin resistance. Another high-fat diet, mainly consisting of lard and supplemented with fructose in drinking water (LAD + Fru), resulted in more prominent weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis than SOD + Cho, but livers were devoid of inflammation and fibrosis. Although both LAD + Fru-and SOD + Cho-fed animals had high plasma cholesterol, liver cholesterol was elevated only in SOD + Cho animals. Cholesterol induced expression of chemotactic and inflammatory cytokines in cultured Kupffer cells and rendered hepatocytes more susceptible to apoptosis. In summary, dietary cholesterol in the SOD + Cho diet may trigger hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. SOD + Cho-fed animals may be a useful disease model displaying many clinical features of patients with the metabolic syndrome and NASH.}, language = {en} }