@article{deVeraBoettgerdelaTorreNoetzeletal.2012, author = {de Vera, Jean-Pierre Paul and B{\"o}ttger, Ute and de la Torre N{\"o}tzel, Rosa and Sanchez, Francisco J. and Grunow, Dana and Schmitz, Nicole and Lange, Caroline and H{\"u}bers, Heinz-Wilhelm and Billi, Daniela and Baque, Mickael and Rettberg, Petra and Rabbow, Elke and Reitz, G{\"u}nther and Berger, Thomas and M{\"o}ller, Ralf and Bohmeier, Maria and Horneck, Gerda and Westall, Frances and J{\"a}nchen, Jochen and Fritz, J{\"o}rg and Meyer, Cornelia and Onofri, Silvano and Selbmann, Laura and Zucconi, Laura and Kozyrovska, Natalia and Leya, Thomas and Foing, Bernard and Demets, Rene and Cockell, Charles S. and Bryce, Casey and Wagner, Dirk and Serrano, Paloma and Edwards, Howell G. M. and Joshi, Jasmin Radha and Huwe, Bj{\"o}rn and Ehrenfreund, Pascale and Elsaesser, Andreas and Ott, Sieglinde and Meessen, Joachim and Feyh, Nina and Szewzyk, Ulrich and Jaumann, Ralf and Spohn, Tilman}, title = {Supporting Mars exploration BIOMEX in Low Earth Orbit and further astrobiological studies on the Moon using Raman and PanCam technology}, series = {Planetary and space science}, volume = {74}, journal = {Planetary and space science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0032-0633}, doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2012.06.010}, pages = {103 -- 110}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) experiment Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) is an interdisciplinary and international space research project selected by ESA. The experiment will be accommodated on the space exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 on the International Space Station (ISS) and is foreseen to be launched in 2013. The prime objective of BIOMEX is to measure to what extent biomolecules, such as pigments and cellular components, are resistant to and able to maintain their stability under space and Mars-like conditions. The results of BIOMEX will be relevant for space proven biosignature definition and for building a biosignature data base (e.g. the proposed creation of an international Raman library). The library will be highly relevant for future space missions such as the search for life on Mars. The secondary scientific objective is to analyze to what extent terrestrial extremophiles are able to survive in space and to determine which interactions between biological samples and selected minerals (including terrestrial, Moon- and Mars analogs) can be observed under space and Mars-like conditions. In this context, the Moon will be an additional platform for performing similar experiments with negligible magnetic shielding and higher solar and galactic irradiation compared to LEO. Using the Moon as an additional astrobiological exposure platform to complement ongoing astrobiological LEO investigations could thus enhance the chances of detecting organic traces of life on Mars. We present a lunar lander mission with two related objectives: a lunar lander equipped with Raman and PanCam instruments which can analyze the lunar surface and survey an astrobiological exposure platform. This dual use of testing mission technology together with geo- and astrobiological analyses will significantly increase the science return, and support the human preparation objectives. It will provide knowledge about the Moon's surface itself and, in addition, monitor the stability of life-markers, such as cells, cell components and pigments, in an extraterrestrial environment with much closer radiation properties to the surface of Mars. The combination of a Raman data base of these data together with data from LEO and space simulation experiments, will lead to further progress on the analysis and interpretation of data that we will obtain from future Moon and Mars exploration missions.}, language = {en} } @article{ThapaWyłomańskaSikoraetal.2021, author = {Thapa, Samudrajit and Wyłomańska, Agnieszka and Sikora, Grzegorz and Wagner, Caroline E. and Krapf, Diego and Kantz, Holger and Chechkin, Aleksei V. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories}, series = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {23}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, publisher = {Dt. Physikalische Ges. ; IOP}, address = {Bad Honnef ; London}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/abd50e}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.}, language = {en} } @article{CherstvyThapaWagneretal.2019, author = {Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Thapa, Samudrajit and Wagner, Caroline E. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Non-Gaussian, non-ergodic, and non-Fickian diffusion of tracers in mucin hydrogels}, series = {Soft matter}, volume = {15}, journal = {Soft matter}, number = {12}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1744-683X}, doi = {10.1039/c8sm02096e}, pages = {2526 -- 2551}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Native mucus is polymer-based soft-matter material of paramount biological importance. How non-Gaussian and non-ergodic is the diffusive spreading of pathogens in mucus? We study the passive, thermally driven motion of micron-sized tracers in hydrogels of mucins, the main polymeric component of mucus. We report the results of the Bayesian analysis for ranking several diffusion models for a set of tracer trajectories [C. E. Wagner et al., Biomacromolecules, 2017, 18, 3654]. The models with "diffusing diffusivity', fractional and standard Brownian motion are used. The likelihood functions and evidences of each model are computed, ranking the significance of each model for individual traces. We find that viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is often most probable, followed by Brownian motion, while the model with a diffusing diffusion coefficient is only realised rarely. Our analysis also clarifies the distribution of time-averaged displacements, correlations of scaling exponents and diffusion coefficients, and the degree of non-Gaussianity of displacements at varying pH levels. Weak ergodicity breaking is also quantified. We conclude that-consistent with the original study-diffusion of tracers in the mucin gels is most non-Gaussian and non-ergodic at low pH that corresponds to the most heterogeneous networks. Using the Bayesian approach with the nested-sampling algorithm, together with the quantitative analysis of multiple statistical measures, we report new insights into possible physical mechanisms of diffusion in mucin gels.}, language = {en} } @misc{ThapaWyłomańskaSikoraetal.2021, author = {Thapa, Samudrajit and Wyłomańska, Agnieszka and Sikora, Grzegorz and Wagner, Caroline E. and Krapf, Diego and Kantz, Holger and Chechkin, Aleksei V. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1118}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-49349}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493494}, pages = {24}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.}, language = {en} } @article{TobieTeanbyCoustenisetal.2014, author = {Tobie, G. and Teanby, N. A. and Coustenis, A. and Jaumann, Ralf and Raulin, E. and Schmidt, J. and Carrasco, N. and Coates, Andrew J. and Cordier, D. and De Kok, R. and Geppert, W. D. and Lebreton, J. -P. and Lefevre, A. and Livengood, T. A. and Mandt, K. E. and Mitri, G. and Nimmo, F. and Nixon, C. A. and Norman, L. and Pappalardo, R. T. and Postberg, F. and Rodriguez, S. and SchuizeMakuch, D. and Soderblom, J. M. and Solomonidou, A. and Stephan, K. and Stofan, E. R. and Turtle, E. P. and Wagner, R. J. and West, R. A. and Westlake, J. H.}, title = {Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus}, series = {Planetary and space science}, volume = {104}, journal = {Planetary and space science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0032-0633}, doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2014.10.002}, pages = {59 -- 77}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @misc{KleinTedeschiniBroenneretal.2019, author = {Klein, Eckart and Tedeschini, Michele and Br{\"o}nner, Felix and Weiß, Norman and Alleweldt, Ralf and Evdokimova, Alexandra and Windoffer, Alexander and Berdefy, Alina-Camille and Wagner, Marlene}, title = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen}, volume = {24}, number = {1/2}, editor = {Gunnarsson, Logi and Klein, Eckart and Zimmermann, Andreas}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43611}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436113}, pages = {152}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aus dem Inhalt: ▪ Human Rights as a Limit to Utopian Thinking? ▪ Koloniale Kontinuit{\"a}ten im Menschenrechtsdiskurs ▪ Der Interlaken-Prozess, die Erkl{\"a}rung von Kopenhagen und die Verwirklichung der Menschenrechte in Europa ▪ Das Recht auf Bildung: V{\"o}lkerrechtlicher Rahmen und nationale Umsetzung im Schulwesen}, language = {de} } @article{LindbergMeinelWagner2011, author = {Lindberg, Tilmann and Meinel, Christoph and Wagner, Ralf}, title = {Design thinking : a fruitful concept for IT development?}, isbn = {978-3-642-13756-3}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @misc{deVeraAlawiBackhausetal.2019, author = {de Vera, Jean-Pierre Paul and Alawi, Mashal and Backhaus, Theresa and Baque, Mickael and Billi, Daniela and Boettger, Ute and Berger, Thomas and Bohmeier, Maria and Cockell, Charles and Demets, Rene and de la Torre Noetzel, Rosa and Edwards, Howell and Elsaesser, Andreas and Fagliarone, Claudia and Fiedler, Annelie and Foing, Bernard and Foucher, Frederic and Fritz, J{\"o}rg and Hanke, Franziska and Herzog, Thomas and Horneck, Gerda and H{\"u}bers, Heinz-Wilhelm and Huwe, Bj{\"o}rn and Joshi, Jasmin Radha and Kozyrovska, Natalia and Kruchten, Martha and Lasch, Peter and Lee, Natuschka and Leuko, Stefan and Leya, Thomas and Lorek, Andreas and Martinez-Frias, Jesus and Meessen, Joachim and Moritz, Sophie and Moeller, Ralf and Olsson-Francis, Karen and Onofri, Silvano and Ott, Sieglinde and Pacelli, Claudia and Podolich, Olga and Rabbow, Elke and Reitz, G{\"u}nther and Rettberg, Petra and Reva, Oleg and Rothschild, Lynn and Garcia Sancho, Leo and Schulze-Makuch, Dirk and Selbmann, Laura and Serrano, Paloma and Szewzyk, Ulrich and Verseux, Cyprien and Wadsworth, Jennifer and Wagner, Dirk and Westall, Frances and Wolter, David and Zucconi, Laura}, title = {Limits of life and the habitability of Mars}, series = {Astrobiology}, volume = {19}, journal = {Astrobiology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Liebert}, address = {New Rochelle}, issn = {1531-1074}, doi = {10.1089/ast.2018.1897}, pages = {145 -- 157}, year = {2019}, abstract = {BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) is an ESA/Roscosmos space exposure experiment housed within the exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 outside the Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). The design of the multiuser facility supports-among others-the BIOMEX investigations into the stability and level of degradation of space-exposed biosignatures such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and cell surfaces in contact with a terrestrial and Mars analog mineral environment. In parallel, analysis on the viability of the investigated organisms has provided relevant data for evaluation of the habitability of Mars, for the limits of life, and for the likelihood of an interplanetary transfer of life (theory of lithopanspermia). In this project, lichens, archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, snow/permafrost algae, meristematic black fungi, and bryophytes from alpine and polar habitats were embedded, grown, and cultured on a mixture of martian and lunar regolith analogs or other terrestrial minerals. The organisms and regolith analogs and terrestrial mineral mixtures were then exposed to space and to simulated Mars-like conditions by way of the EXPOSE-R2 facility. In this special issue, we present the first set of data obtained in reference to our investigation into the habitability of Mars and limits of life. This project was initiated and implemented by the BIOMEX group, an international and interdisciplinary consortium of 30 institutes in 12 countries on 3 continents. Preflight tests for sample selection, results from ground-based simulation experiments, and the space experiments themselves are presented and include a complete overview of the scientific processes required for this space experiment and postflight analysis. The presented BIOMEX concept could be scaled up to future exposure experiments on the Moon and will serve as a pretest in low Earth orbit.}, language = {en} } @article{BernhardMoskwaSchmidtetal.2018, author = {Bernhard, Nadine and Moskwa, Lisa-Marie and Schmidt, Karsten and Oeser, Ralf Andreas and Aburto, Felipe and Bader, Maaike Y. and Baumann, Karen and von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm and Boy, Jens and van den Brink, Liesbeth and Brucker, Emanuel and Buedel, Burkhard and Canessa, Rafaella and Dippold, Michaela A. and Ehlers, Todd and Fuentes, Juan P. and Godoy, Roberto and Jung, Patrick and Karsten, Ulf and Koester, Moritz and Kuzyakov, Yakov and Leinweber, Peter and Neidhardt, Harald and Matus, Francisco and Mueller, Carsten W. and Oelmann, Yvonne and Oses, Romulo and Osses, Pablo and Paulino, Leandro and Samolov, Elena and Schaller, Mirjam and Schmid, Manuel and Spielvogel, Sandra and Spohn, Marie and Stock, Svenja and Stroncik, Nicole and Tielboerger, Katja and Uebernickel, Kirstin and Scholten, Thomas and Seguel, Oscar and Wagner, Dirk and K{\"u}hn, Peter}, title = {Pedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography}, series = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, volume = {170}, journal = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.018}, pages = {335 -- 355}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The effects of climate and topography on soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters were studied along an extensive latitudinal climate gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile (26 degrees-38 degrees S). The study sites encompass arid (Pan de Azucar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) and humid (Nahuelbuta) climates and vegetation, ranging from arid desert, dominated by biological soil crusts (biocrusts), semiarid shrubland and mediterranean sclerophyllous forest, where biocrusts are present but do have a seasonal pattern to temperate-mixed forest, where biocrusts only occur as an early pioneering development stage after disturbance. All soils originate from granitic parent materials and show very strong differences in pedogenesis intensity and soil depth. Most of the investigated physical, chemical and microbiological soil properties showed distinct trends along the climate gradient. Further, abrupt changes between the arid northernmost study site and the other semi-arid to humid sites can be shown, which indicate non-linearity and thresholds along the climate gradient. Clay and total organic carbon contents (TOC) as well as Ah horizons and solum depths increased from arid to humid climates, whereas bulk density (BD), pH values and base saturation (BS) decreased. These properties demonstrate the accumulation of organic matter, clay formation and element leaching as key-pedogenic processes with increasing humidity. However, the soils in the northern arid climate do not follow this overall latitudinal trend, because texture and BD are largely controlled by aeolian input of dust and sea salts spray followed by the formation of secondary evaporate minerals. Total soil DNA concentrations and TOC increased from arid to humid sites, while areal coverage by biocrusts exhibited an opposite trend. Relative bacterial and archaeal abundances were lower in the arid site, but for the other sites the local variability exceeds the variability along the climate gradient. Differences in soil properties between topographic positions were most pronounced at the study sites with the mediterranean and humid climate, whereas microbial abundances were independent on topography across all study sites. In general, the regional climate is the strongest controlling factor for pedogenesis and microbial parameters in soils developed from the same parent material. Topographic position along individual slopes of limited length augmented this effect only under humid conditions, where water erosion likely relocated particles and elements downward. The change from alkaline to neutral soil pH between the arid and the semi-arid site coincided with qualitative differences in soil formation as well as microbial habitats. This also reflects non-linear relationships of pedogenic and microbial processes in soils depending on climate with a sharp threshold between arid and semi-arid conditions. Therefore, the soils on the transition between arid and semi-arid conditions are especially sensitive and may be well used as indicators of long and medium-term climate changes. Concluding, the unique latitudinal precipitation gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile is predestined to investigate the effects of the main soil forming factor - climate - on pedogenic processes.}, language = {en} } @article{OeserStroncikMoskwaetal.2018, author = {Oeser, Ralf Andreas and Stroncik, Nicole and Moskwa, Lisa-Marie and Bernhard, Nadine and Schaller, Mirjam and Canessa, Rafaella and van den Brink, Liesbeth and K{\"o}ster, Moritz and Brucker, Emanuel and Stock, Svenja and Pablo Fuentes, Juan and Godoy, Roberto and Javier Matus, Francisco and Oses Pedraza, Romulo and Osses McIntyre, Pablo and Paulino, Leandro and Seguel, Oscar and Bader, Maaike Y. and Boy, Jens and Dippold, Michaela A. and Ehlers, Todd and K{\"u}hn, Peter and Kuzyakov, Yakov and Leinweber, Peter and Scholten, Thomas and Spielvogel, Sandra and Spohn, Marie and Ubernickel, Kirstin and Tielb{\"o}rger, Katja and Wagner, Dirk and von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm}, title = {Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera}, series = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, volume = {170}, journal = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.002}, pages = {183 -- 203}, year = {2018}, abstract = {From north to south, denudation rates from cosmogenic nuclides are similar to 10 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the arid Pan de Aziicar site, similar to 20 t km(2) yr(-1) at the semi-arid site of Santa Gracia, -60 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the Mediterranean climate site of La Campana, and similar to 30 t km(-2) yr(-1) at the humid site of Nahuelbuta. A and B horizons increase in thickness and elemental depletion or enrichment increases from north (similar to 26 degrees S) to south (similar to 38 degrees S) in these horizons. Differences in the degree of chemical weathering, quantified by the chemical depletion fraction (CDF), are significant only between the arid and sparsely vegetated site and the other three sites. Differences in the CDF between the sites, and elemental depletion within the sites are sometimes smaller than the variations induced by the bedrock heterogeneity. Microbial abundances (bacteria and archaea) in saprolite substantially increase from the arid to the semi-arid sites. With this study, we provide a comprehensive dataset characterizing the Critical Zone geochemistry in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. This dataset confirms climatic controls on weathering and denudation rates and provides prerequisites to quantify the role of biota in future studies.}, language = {en} }