@article{MiddeldorpMahajanHorikoshietal.2019,
  author    = {Middeldorp, Christel M. and Mahajan, Anubha and Horikoshi, Momoko and Robertson, Neil R. and Beaumont, Robin N. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Bustamante, Mariona and Cousminer, Diana L. and Day, Felix R. and De Silva, N. Maneka and Guxens, Monica and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and St Pourcain, Beate and Warrington, Nicole M. and Adair, Linda S. and Ahlqvist, Emma and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Almgren, Peter and Ang, Wei and Atalay, Mustafa and Auvinen, Juha and Bartels, Meike and Beckmann, Jacques S. and Bilbao, Jose Ramon and Bond, Tom and Borja, Judith B. and Cavadino, Alana and Charoen, Pimphen and Chen, Zhanghua and Coin, Lachlan and Cooper, Cyrus and Curtin, John A. and Custovic, Adnan and Das, Shikta and Davies, Gareth E. and Dedoussis, George V. and Duijts, Liesbeth and Eastwood, Peter R. and Eliasen, Anders U. and Elliott, Paul and Eriksson, Johan G. and Estivill, Xavier and Fadista, Joao and Fedko, Iryna O. and Frayling, Timothy M. and Gaillard, Romy and Gauderman, W. James and Geller, Frank and Gilliland, Frank and Gilsanz, Vincente and Granell, Raquel and Grarup, Niels and Groop, Leif and Hadley, Dexter and Hakonarson, Hakon and Hansen, Torben and Hartman, Catharina A. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Hebebrand, Johannes and Heinrich, Joachim and Helgeland, Oyvind and Henders, Anjali K. and Henderson, John and Henriksen, Tine B. and Hirschhorn, Joel N. and Hivert, Marie-France and Hocher, Berthold and Holloway, John W. and Holt, Patrick and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Hypponen, Elina and Iniguez, Carmen and Johansson, Stefan and Jugessur, Astanand and Kahonen, Mika and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Kaprio, Jaakko and Karhunen, Ville and Kemp, John P. and Kerkhof, Marjan and Koppelman, Gerard H. and Korner, Antje and Kotecha, Sailesh and Kreiner-Moller, Eskil and Kulohoma, Benard and Kumar, Ashish and Kutalik, Zoltan and Lahti, Jari and Lappe, Joan M. and Larsson, Henrik and Lehtimaki, Terho and Lewin, Alexandra M. and Li, Jin and Lichtenstein, Paul and Lindgren, Cecilia M. and Lindi, Virpi and Linneberg, Allan and Liu, Xueping and Liu, Jun and Lowe, William L. and Lundstrom, Sebastian and Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka and Ma, Ronald C. W. and Mace, Aurelien and Magi, Reedik and Magnus, Per and Mamun, Abdullah A. and Mannikko, Minna and Martin, Nicholas G. and Mbarek, Hamdi and McCarthy, Nina S. and Medland, Sarah E. and Melbye, Mads and Melen, Erik and Mohlke, Karen L. and Monnereau, Claire and Morgen, Camilla S. and Morris, Andrew P. and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Myhre, Ronny and Najman, Jackob M. and Nivard, Michel G. and Nohr, Ellen A. and Nolte, Ilja M. and Ntalla, Ioanna and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Oken, Emily and Oldehinkel, Albertine J. and Pahkala, Katja and Palviainen, Teemu and Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope and Pedersen, Oluf and Pennell, Craig E. and Pershagen, Goran and Pitkanen, Niina and Plomin, Robert and Power, Christine and Prasad, Rashmi B. and Prokopenko, Inga and Pulkkinen, Lea and Raikkonen, Katri and Raitakari, Olli T. and Reynolds, Rebecca M. and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Rodriguez, Alina and Rose, Richard J. and Salem, Rany and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Saw, Seang-Mei and Schnurr, Theresia M. and Scott, James G. and Selzam, Saskia and Shepherd, John A. and Simpson, Angela and Skotte, Line and Sleiman, Patrick M. A. and Snieder, Harold and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Standl, Marie and Steegers, Eric A. P. and Strachan, David P. and Straker, Leon and Strandberg, Timo and Taylor, Michelle and Teo, Yik-Ying and Thiering, Elisabeth and Torrent, Maties and Tyrrell, Jessica and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and van Beijsterveldt, Toos and van der Most, Peter J. and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Viikari, Jorma and Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia and Vogelezang, Suzanne and Vonk, Judith M. and Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. and Vuoksimaa, Eero and Wang, Carol A. and Watkins, William J. and Wichmann, H-Erich and Willemsen, Gonneke and Williams, Gail M. and Wilson, James F. and Wray, Naomi R. and Xu, Shujing and Xu, Cheng-Jian and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Yi, Lu and Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Zemel, Babette S. and Hinney, Anke and Lakka, Timo A. and Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. and Sunyer, Jordi and Widen, Elisabeth E. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Sebert, Sylvain and Jacobsson, Bo and Njolstad, Pal R. and Stoltenberg, Camilla and Smith, George Davey and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Paternoster, Lavinia and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Ong, Ken K. and Bisgaard, Hans and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Tiemeier, Henning and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Evans, David M. and Perry, John R. B. and Grant, Struan F. A. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Freathy, Rachel M. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Felix, Janine F.},
  title     = {The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia},
  series = {European journal of epidemiology},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {European journal of epidemiology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  organization    = {EArly Genetics Lifecourse EGG Consortium EGG Membership EAGLE Membership},
  issn      = {0393-2990},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10654-019-00502-9},
  pages     = {279 -- 300},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarringtonBeaumontHorikoshietal.2019,
  author    = {Warrington, Nicole and Beaumont, Robin and Horikoshi, Momoko and Day, Felix R. and Helgeland, {\O}yvind and Laurin, Charles and Bacelis, Jonas and Peng, Shouneng and Hao, Ke and Feenstra, Bjarke and Wood, Andrew R. and Mahajan, Anubha and Tyrrell, Jessica and Robertson, Neil R. and Rayner, N. William and Qiao, Zhen and Moen, Gunn-Helen and Vaudel, Marc and Marsit, Carmen and Chen, Jia and Nodzenski, Michael and Schnurr, Theresia M. and Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Grarup, Niels and Kooijman, Marjolein N. and Li-Gao, Ruifang and Geller, Frank and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Paternoster, Lavinia and Rueedi, Rico and Huikari, Ville and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Lyytik{\"a}inen, Leo-Pekka and Cavadino, Alana and Metrustry, Sarah and Cousminer, Diana L. and Wu, Ying and Thiering, Elisabeth Paula and Wang, Carol A. and Have, Christian Theil and Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia and Joshi, Peter K. and Painter, Jodie N. and Ntalla, Ioanna and Myhre, Ronny and Pitk{\"a}nen, Niina and van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. and Joro, Raimo and Lagou, Vasiliki and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Espinosa, Ana and Barton, Sheila J. and Inskip, Hazel M. and Holloway, John W. and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Estivill, Xavier and Ang, Wei and Marsh, Julie A. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Marullo, Letizia and Hocher, Berthold and Lunetta, Kathryn L. and Murabito, Joanne M. and Relton, Caroline L. and Kogevinas, Manolis and Chatzi, Leda and Allard, Catherine and Bouchard, Luigi and Hivert, Marie-France and Zhang, Ge and Muglia, Louis J. and Heikkinen, Jani and Morgen, Camilla S. and van Kampen, Antoine H. C. and van Schaik, Barbera D. C. and Mentch, Frank D. and Langenberg, Claudia and Scott, Robert A. and Zhao, Jing Hua and Hemani, Gibran and Ring, Susan M. and Bennett, Amanda J. and Gaulton, Kyle J. and Fernandez-Tajes, Juan and van Zuydam, Natalie R. and Medina-Gomez, Carolina and de Haan, Hugoline G. and Rosendaal, Frits R. and Kutalik, Zolt{\´a}n and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Das, Shikta and Willemsen, Gonneke and Mbarek, Hamdi and M{\"u}ller-Nurasyid, Martina and Standl, Marie and Appel, Emil V. R. and Fonvig, Cilius Esmann and Trier, Caecilie and van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. and Murcia, Mario and Bustamante, Mariona and Bon{\`a}s-Guarch, S{\´i}lvia and Hougaard, David M. and Mercader, Josep M. and Linneberg, Allan and Schraut, Katharina E. and Lind, Penelope A. and Medland, Sarah Elizabeth and Shields, Beverley M. and Knight, Bridget A. and Chai, Jin-Fang and Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope and Bartels, Meike and S{\´a}nchez, Friman and Stokholm, Jakob and Torrents, David and Vinding, Rebecca K. and Willems, Sara M. and Atalay, Mustafa and Chawes, Bo L. and Kovacs, Peter and Prokopenko, Inga and Tuke, Marcus A. and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Ruth, Katherine S. and Jones, Samuel E. and Loh, Po-Ru and Murray, Anna and Weedon, Michael N. and T{\"o}njes, Anke and Stumvoll, Michael and Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer and Eloranta, Aino-Maija and Lakka, Timo A. and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Kiess, Wieland and Koerner, Antje and Niinikoski, Harri and Pahkala, Katja and Raitakari, Olli T. and Jacobsson, Bo and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Dedoussis, George V. and Teo, Yik-Ying and Saw, Seang-Mei and Montgomery, Grant W. and Campbell, Harry and Wilson, James F. and Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. and Vrijheid, Martine and de Geus, Eco J. C. N. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Kadarmideen, Haja N. and Holm, Jens-Christian and Beilin, Lawrence J. and Pennell, Craig E. and Heinrich, Joachim and Adair, Linda S. and Borja, Judith B. and Mohlke, Karen L. and Eriksson, Johan G. and Widen, Elisabeth E. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Spector, Tim D. and Kaehoenen, Mika and Viikari, Jorma S. and Lehtimaeki, Terho and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Sebert, Sylvain and Vollenweider, Peter and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Bisgaard, Hans and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Melbye, Mads and Nohr, Ellen A. and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Hofman, Albert and Felix, Janine F. and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Hansen, Torben and Pisinger, Charlotta and Vaag, Allan A. and Pedersen, Oluf and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Power, Christine and Hypponen, Elina and Scholtens, Denise M. and Lowe, William L. and Smith, George Davey and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Morris, Andrew P. and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Grant, Struan F. A. and Frayling, Timothy M. and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Njolstad, Pal R. and Johansson, Stefan and Ong, Ken K. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Perry, John R. B. and Evans, David M. and Freathy, Rachel M.},
  title     = {Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors},
  series = {Nature genetics},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {Nature genetics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  organization    = {EGG Consortium},
  issn      = {1061-4036},
  pages     = {804 -- +},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KikstraNichollsSmithetal.2022,
  author    = {Kikstra, Jarmo S. and Nicholls, Zebedee R. J. and Smith, Christopher J. and Lewis, Jared and Lamboll, Robin D. and Byers, Edward and Sandstad, Marit and Meinshausen, Malte and Gidden, Matthew J. and Rogelj, Joeri and Kriegler, Elmar and Peters, Glen P. and Fuglestvedt, Jan S. and Skeie, Ragnhild B. and Samset, Bj{\o}rn H. and Wienpahl, Laura and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar and Al Khourdajie, Alaa and Forster, Piers M. and Reisinger, Andy and Schaeffer, Roberto and Riahi, Keywan},
  title     = {The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways},
  series = {Geoscientific model development},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Geoscientific model development},
  number    = {24},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1991-959X},
  doi       = {10.5194/gmd-15-9075-2022},
  pages     = {9075 -- 9109},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) physical science reports usually assess a handful of future scenarios, the Working Group III contribution on climate mitigation to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6 WGIII) assesses hundreds to thousands of future emissions scenarios. A key task in WGIII is to assess the global mean temperature outcomes of these scenarios in a consistent manner, given the challenge that the emissions scenarios from different integrated assessment models (IAMs) come with different sectoral and gas-to-gas coverage and cannot all be assessed consistently by complex Earth system models. In this work, we describe the "climate-assessment" workflow and its methods, including infilling of missing emissions and emissions harmonisation as applied to 1202 mitigation scenarios in AR6 WGIII. We evaluate the global mean temperature projections and effective radiative forcing (ERF) characteristics of climate emulators FaIRv1.6.2 and MAGICCv7.5.3 and use the CICERO simple climate model (CICERO-SCM) for sensitivity analysis. We discuss the implied overshoot severity of the mitigation pathways using overshoot degree years and look at emissions and temperature characteristics of scenarios compatible with one possible interpretation of the Paris Agreement. We find that the lowest class of emissions scenarios that limit global warming to "1.5 ∘C (with a probability of greater than 50 \%) with no or limited overshoot" includes 97 scenarios for MAGICCv7.5.3 and 203 for FaIRv1.6.2. For the MAGICCv7.5.3 results, "limited overshoot" typically implies exceedance of median temperature projections of up to about 0.1 ∘C for up to a few decades before returning to below 1.5 ∘C by or before the year 2100. For more than half of the scenarios in this category that comply with three criteria for being "Paris-compatible", including net-zero or net-negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, median temperatures decline by about 0.3-0.4 ∘C after peaking at 1.5-1.6 ∘C in 2035-2055. We compare the methods applied in AR6 with the methods used for SR1.5 and discuss their implications. This article also introduces a "climate-assessment" Python package which allows for fully reproducing the IPCC AR6 WGIII temperature assessment. This work provides a community tool for assessing the temperature outcomes of emissions pathways and provides a basis for further work such as extending the workflow to include downscaling of climate characteristics to a regional level and calculating impacts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeroussiNowickiPayneetal.2020,
  author    = {Seroussi, Helene and Nowicki, Sophie and Payne, Antony J. and Goelzer, Heiko and Lipscomb, William H. and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Agosta, Cecile and Albrecht, Torsten and Asay-Davis, Xylar and Barthel, Alice and Calov, Reinhard and Cullather, Richard and Dumas, Christophe and Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K. and Gladstone, Rupert and Golledge, Nicholas R. and Gregory, Jonathan M. and Greve, Ralf and Hattermann, Tore and Hoffman, Matthew J. and Humbert, Angelika and Huybrechts, Philippe and Jourdain, Nicolas C. and Kleiner, Thomas and Larour, Eric and Leguy, Gunter R. and Lowry, Daniel P. and Little, Chistopher M. and Morlighem, Mathieu and Pattyn, Frank and Pelle, Tyler and Price, Stephen F. and Quiquet, Aurelien and Reese, Ronja and Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne and Shepherd, Andrew and Simon, Erika and Smith, Robin S. and Straneo, Fiammetta and Sun, Sainan and Trusel, Luke D. and Van Breedam, Jonas and van de Wal, Roderik S. W. and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Zhao, Chen and Zhang, Tong and Zwinger, Thomas},
  title     = {ISMIP6 Antarctica},
  series = {The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1994-0416},
  doi       = {10.5194/tc-14-3033-2020},
  pages     = {3033 -- 3070},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution in response to different climate scenarios and assess the mass loss that would contribute to future sea level rise. However, there is currently no consensus on estimates of the future mass balance of the ice sheet, primarily because of differences in the representation of physical processes, forcings employed and initial states of ice sheet models. This study presents results from ice flow model simulations from 13 international groups focusing on the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet during the period 2015-2100 as part of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison for CMIP6 (ISMIP6). They are forced with outputs from a subset of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), representative of the spread in climate model results. Simulations of the Antarctic ice sheet contribution to sea level rise in response to increased warming during this period varies between 7:8 and 30.0 cm of sea level equivalent (SLE) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario forcing. These numbers are relative to a control experiment with constant climate conditions and should therefore be added to the mass loss contribution under climate conditions similar to present-day conditions over the same period. The simulated evolution of the West Antarctic ice sheet varies widely among models, with an overall mass loss, up to 18.0 cm SLE, in response to changes in oceanic conditions. East Antarctica mass change varies between 6 :1 and 8.3 cm SLE in the simulations, with a significant increase in surface mass balance outweighing the increased ice discharge under most RCP 8.5 scenario forcings. The inclusion of ice shelf collapse, here assumed to be caused by large amounts of liquid water ponding at the surface of ice shelves, yields an additional simulated mass loss of 28mm compared to simulations without ice shelf collapse. The largest sources of uncertainty come from the climate forcing, the ocean-induced melt rates, the calibration of these melt rates based on oceanic conditions taken outside of ice shelf cavities and the ice sheet dynamic response to these oceanic changes. Results under RCP 2.6 scenario based on two CMIP5 climate models show an additional mass loss of 0 and 3 cm of SLE on average compared to simulations done under present-day conditions for the two CMIP5 forcings used and display limited mass gain in East Antarctica.},
  language  = {en}
}