@article{RyppaSengeHatscheretal.2005,
  author    = {Ryppa, C. and Senge, Mathias O. and Hatscher, S. S. and Kleinpeter, Erich and Wacker, Philipp and Schilde, Uwe and Wiehe, A.},
  title     = {Synthesis of mono- and disubstituted porphyrins : A- and 5,10-A(2)-type systems},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {General syntheses have been developed for meso-substituted porphyrins with one or two substituents in the 5,10- positions and no beta substituents. 5-Substituted porphyrins with only one meso substituent are easily prepared by an acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethane, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde. and an appropriate aldehyde using a "[2+1+1]" approach. Similarly, 5,10-disubstituted porphyrins are accessible by simple condensation of unsubstituted tripyrrane with pyrrole and various aldehydes using a "[3+1]" approach. The yields for these reactions are low to moderate and additional formation of either di- or mono-substituted porphyrins due to scrambling of the intermediates is observed. However, the reactions can be performed quite easily and the desired target compounds are easily removed due to large differences in solubility. A complementary and more selective synthesis involves the use of organolithium reagents for SNAr reactions. Reaction of in situ generated porphyrin (porphine) with 1.1-8 equivalents of RLi gave the monosubstituted porphyrins, while reaction with 3-6 equivalents of RLi gave the 5,10-disubstituted porphyrins in yields ranging from 43 to 90\%. These hitherto almost inaccessible compounds complete the series of different homologues of A-, 5,15-A(2)-, 5,10-A(2)-, A(3)-, and A(4)-type porphyrin's and allow an investigation of the gradual influence of type, number, and regiochemical arrangement of substituents on the properties of meso-substituted porphyrins. They also present important starting materials for the synthesis of ABCD porphyrins and are potential synthons for supramolecular materials requiring specific substituent orientations},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WieheShakerBrandtetal.2005,
  author    = {Wiehe, A. and Shaker, Y. M. and Brandt, J. C. and Mebs, S. and Senge, Mathias O.},
  title     = {Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy : Part 1: Synthesis and variation of m-THPC (Temoporfin) related amphiphilic A(2)BC-type porphyrins},
  issn      = {0040-4020},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a developing modality for the treatment of certain tumorous and other diseases. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the search for new photosensitizers, in particular elucidating the role of localization of the photosensitizer. Known successful photosensitizers of the tetrapyrrole type are amphiphilic molecules, preferably localizing in cellular membrane structures. Thus, the quest for new photosensitizers requires the synthesis of unsymmetrically Substituted (amphiphilic) tetrapyrroles. In this article. we describe strategies for the de novo synthesis of amphiphilic tetrapyrroles using a 3-hydroxyphenyl substituted tetrapyrrolic system (Temoporfin) as the lead structure. From an applied science-oriented approach, such a set of amphiphilic porphyrins is best synthesized by combining well-developed condensation methods with subsequent functionalization via organolithium compound or transition metal catalyzed coupling protocols. Starting from simple A(2)- or AB-porphyrins, the synthesis of A(2)B-, A(3)-, A(3)B-, and A(2)BC-porphyrins with a mixed hydrophilic/hydrophobic substitution pattern is described. Because of the versatility of this approach to unsymmetrically Substituted porphyrins it is also applicable to other areas where porphyryns with a tailor-made substitution patterns are needed. for example. catalysts or molecular electronic devices based on tetrapyrroles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SengeHatscherWieheetal.2004,
  author    = {Senge, Mathias O. and Hatscher, S. S. and Wiehe, A. and Dahms, Katja and Kelling, Alexandra},
  title     = {The dithianyl group as a synthon in porphyrin chemistry : condensation reactions and preparation of formylporphyrins under basic conditions},
  issn      = {0002-7863},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}