@article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.2002, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard}, title = {Die Bedeutung von Risikofaktoren des Kindes- und Jugendalters f{\"u}r psychsiche St{\"o}rungen von der Kindheit bis ins fr{\"u}he Erwachsenenalter}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Prospektive Bedeutung von Risikofaktoren des Kindes- und Jugendalters f{\"u}r externalisierende und internalisierende St{\"o}rungen. Methode: Prospektive L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie vom Grundschul- zum fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter. 321 Personen nahmen an allen Untersuchungen im Alter von 8, 13, 18 und 25 Jahren teil. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich, daß psychische St{\"o}rungen in hohem Maße geschlechtsabh{\"a}ngig sind. Besonders groß waren die Unterschiede im fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter, wobei internalisierende St{\"o}rungen bei Frauen und externalisierende St{\"o}rungen bei M{\"a}nnern deutlich {\"u}berwogen. Externalisierende St{\"o}rungen des Erwachsenenalters ließen sich besser vorhersagen als internalisierende St{\"o}rungen. Dies ließ sich vor allem durch die gr{\"o}ßere pr{\"a}diktive Bedeutung fr{\"u}her Risikofaktoren bis zum Alter von 8 Jahren erkl{\"a}ren. F{\"u}r die Vorhersage internalisierender St{\"o}rungen war hingegen der Einfluß der Risikofaktoren des sp{\"a}ten Jugendalters und des {\"U}bergangs zum Erwachsenenalter gr{\"o}ßer. 10\% der untersuchten Stichprobe wies persistente St{\"o}rungen auf und stellt damit eine Hochrisikogruppe dar. Dieser Verlaufstyp zeichnet sich durch stabil hohe Risikokonstellationen zu allen Untersuchungszeitpunkten aus. Schl{\"u}sselw{\"o}rter: Risikofaktoren, Pr{\"a}valenz, Geschlechtsunterschiede, Verlaufstypen, externalisierende St{\"o}rungen, internalisierende St{\"o}rungen, psychische St{\"o}rungen, Kindes- und Jugendalter, Erwachsenenalter Childhood and adolescent predictors of mental disorders from childhood to early adulthood. Abstract. Objectives: Prospective impact of child and adolescent risk factors on externalizing and internalizing disorders. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study from childhood to early adulthood. 321 persons participated at age 8, 13, 18 and 25 years. Results: Sex differences in the prevalence rates of mental disorders were found. The highest differences were found in early adulthood. Females showed higher rates of internalizing disorders, whereas males showed higher rates of externalizing disorders. Externalizing disorders in adulthood could be predicted better than internalizing disorders. This result could be explained by the greater predictive power of childhood risk factors for externalizing disorders. Risk factors of adolescence and the transmission period to adulthood played a more prominent role in the prediction of internalizing disorders. 10\% of the studied sample showed persistent disorders and was identified as a high-risk sample. This developmental pattern of mental disorders shows stable risk constellations from childhood to adulthood. Key words: risk factors, prevalence, sex differences, developmental patterns, externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders, mental disorders, childhood and adolescence, adulthood}, language = {de} } @article{SteigleiderLauchtEsseretal.2002, author = {Steigleider, Petra and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigte kognitive und motorische Leistungen bei 8-j{\"a}hrigen Kindern mit sehr niedrigem Geburtsgewicht}, issn = {0084-5345}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @misc{AndersonBahnikBarnettCowanetal.2016, author = {Anderson, Christopher J. and Bahnik, Stepan and Barnett-Cowan, Michael and Bosco, Frank A. and Chandler, Jesse and Chartier, Christopher R. and Cheung, Felix and Christopherson, Cody D. and Cordes, Andreas and Cremata, Edward J. and Della Penna, Nicolas and Estel, Vivien and Fedor, Anna and Fitneva, Stanka A. and Frank, Michael C. and Grange, James A. and Hartshorne, Joshua K. and Hasselman, Fred and Henninger, Felix and van der Hulst, Marije and Jonas, Kai J. and Lai, Calvin K. and Levitan, Carmel A. and Miller, Jeremy K. and Moore, Katherine S. and Meixner, Johannes M. and Munafo, Marcus R. and Neijenhuijs, Koen I. and Nilsonne, Gustav and Nosek, Brian A. and Plessow, Franziska and Prenoveau, Jason M. and Ricker, Ashley A. and Schmidt, Kathleen and Spies, Jeffrey R. and Stieger, Stefan and Strohminger, Nina and Sullivan, Gavin B. and van Aert, Robbie C. M. and van Assen, Marcel A. L. M. and Vanpaemel, Wolf and Vianello, Michelangelo and Voracek, Martin and Zuni, Kellylynn}, title = {Response to Comment on "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science"}, series = {Science}, volume = {351}, journal = {Science}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.aad9163}, pages = {1162 -- 1165}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted.}, language = {en} } @article{QinZhaoSchmalleggeretal.2019, author = {Qin, Qing and Zhao, Yun and Schmallegger, Max and Heil, Tobias and Schmidt, Johannes and Walczak, Ralf and Gescheidt-Demner, Georg and Jiao, Haijun and Oschatz, Martin}, title = {Enhanced Electrocatalytic N-2 Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide-Carbon Composites}, series = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, volume = {58}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, number = {37}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1433-7851}, doi = {10.1002/anie.201906056}, pages = {13101 -- 13106}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The electrochemical conversion of N-2 at ambient conditions using renewably generated electricity is an attractive approach for sustainable ammonia (NH3) production. Considering the chemical inertness of N-2, rational design of efficient and stable catalysts is required. Therefore, in this work, it is demonstrated that a C-doped TiO2/C (C-TixOy/C) material derived from the metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-125(Ti) can achieve a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 17.8 \%, which even surpasses most of the established noble metal-based catalysts. On the basis of the experimental results and theoretical calculations, the remarkable properties of the catalysts can be attributed to the doping of carbon atoms into oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the formation of Ti-C bonds in C-TixOy. This binding motive is found to be energetically more favorable for N-2 activation compared to the non-substituted OVs in TiO2. This work elucidates that electrochemical N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) performance can be largely improved by creating catalytically active centers through rational substitution of anions into metal oxides.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2019, author = {Schmidt, Martin}, title = {Fragmentation of landscapes: modelling ecosystem services of transition zones}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44294}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442942}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 103}, year = {2019}, abstract = {For millennia, humans have affected landscapes all over the world. Due to horizontal expansion, agriculture plays a major role in the process of fragmentation. This process is caused by a substitution of natural habitats by agricultural land leading to agricultural landscapes. These landscapes are characterized by an alternation of agriculture and other land use like forests. In addition, there are landscape elements of natural origin like small water bodies. Areas of different land use are beside each other like patches, or fragments. They are physically distinguishable which makes them look like a patchwork from an aerial perspective. These fragments are each an own ecosystem with conditions and properties that differ from their adjacent fragments. As open systems, they are in exchange of information, matter and energy across their boundaries. These boundary areas are called transition zones. Here, the habitat properties and environmental conditions are altered compared to the interior of the fragments. This changes the abundance and the composition of species in the transition zones, which in turn has a feedback effect on the environmental conditions. The literature mainly offers information and insights on species abundance and composition in forested transition zones. Abiotic effects, the gradual changes in energy and matter, received less attention. In addition, little is known about non-forested transition zones. For example, the effects on agricultural yield in transition zones of an altered microclimate, matter dynamics or different light regimes are hardly researched or understood. The processes in transition zones are closely connected with altered provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. To disentangle the mechanisms and to upscale the effects, models can be used. My thesis provides insights into these topics: literature was reviewed and a conceptual framework for the quantitative description of gradients of matter and energy in transition zones was introduced. The results of measurements of environmental gradients like microclimate, aboveground biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen content are presented that span from within the forest into arable land. Both the measurements and the literature review could not validate a transition zone of 100 m for abiotic effects. Although this value is often reported and used in the literature, it is likely to be smaller. Further, the measurements suggest that on the one hand trees in transition zones are smaller compared to those in the interior of the fragments, while on the other hand less biomass was measured in the arable lands' transition zone. These results support the hypothesis that less carbon is stored in the aboveground biomass in transition zones. The soil at the edge (zero line) between adjacent forest and arable land contains more nitrogen and carbon content compared to the interior of the fragments. One-year measurements in the transition zone also provided evidence that microclimate is different compared to the fragments' interior. To predict the possible yield decreases that transition zones might cause, a modelling approach was developed. Using a small virtual landscape, I modelled the effect of a forest fragment shading the adjacent arable land and the effects of this on yield using the MONICA crop growth model. In the transition zone yield was less compared to the interior due to shading. The results of the simulations were upscaled to the landscape level and exemplarily calculated for the arable land of a whole region in Brandenburg, Germany. The major findings of my thesis are: (1) Transition zones are likely to be much smaller than assumed in the scientific literature; (2) transition zones aren't solely a phenomenon of forested ecosystems, but significantly extend into arable land as well; (3) empirical and modelling results show that transition zones encompass biotic and abiotic changes that are likely to be important to a variety of agricultural landscape ecosystem services.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy}, series = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, volume = {209}, journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059}, pages = {155 -- 162}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000233}, pages = {203 -- 209}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.}, language = {de} } @article{EsserSchmidt2017, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000232}, pages = {198 -- 202}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie untersucht die psychische Entwicklung und ihre St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern mit unterschiedlich ausgepr{\"a}gten Risiken mit dem Ziel, Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Verbesserung der Pr{\"a}vention, Fr{\"u}herkennung und Fr{\"u}hbehandlung von psychischen St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern abzuleiten. Dazu begleitet sie eine Kohorte von anfangs 384 Kindern in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Erhebungen fanden in regelm{\"a}ßigen Abst{\"a}nden statt, beginnend im Alter von 3 Monaten, mit 2 Jahren, 4;6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren. Geplant ist eine weitere Erhebung mit ca. 30 Jahren.}, language = {de} } @article{MillenetLauchtHohmetal.2018, author = {Millenet, Sabina and Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, Erika and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Hohmann, Sarah and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zohsel, Katrin}, title = {Sex-specific trajectories of ADHD symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood}, series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, volume = {27}, journal = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1018-8827}, doi = {10.1007/s00787-018-1129-9}, pages = {1067 -- 1075}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Reports of current ADHD symptoms in adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are often discrepant: While one subgroup reports a particularly high level of current ADHD symptoms, another reports—in contrast—a very low level. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. Although sex might play a moderating role, it has not yet been examined in this regard. In an epidemiological cohort study from birth to young adulthood, childhood ADHD diagnoses were assessed at the ages of 4.5, 8, and 11 years based on parent ratings. Sex-specific development of ADHD symptoms was analyzed from the age of 15 to 25 years via self-reported ADHD symptoms in participants with (n = 47) and without childhood ADHD (n = 289) using a random coefficient regression model. The congruence between parent reports and adolescents' self-ratings was examined, and the role of childhood ADHD diagnosis, childhood OCC/CD, and childhood internalizing disorder as possible sex-specific predictors of self-reported ADHD symptoms at age 25 years was investigated. With regard to self-reported ADHD symptoms, females with a childhood ADHD diagnosis reported significantly more ADHD symptoms compared to females without childhood ADHD and males with and without ADHD throughout adolescence and young adulthood. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD did not differ from control males either at age 15 or at age 25 years. Only in females did a childhood diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (ADHD and CD/ODD) predict self-reported ADHD symptoms by age 25 years. Our findings suggest that self-reports of young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are influenced by sex. Specifically, females with childhood ADHD report increased levels of ADHD symptoms upon reaching adulthood. To correctly evaluate symptoms and impairment in this subgroup, other, more objective, sources of information may be advisable, such as neurophysiological measures.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtLischeidNendel2019, author = {Schmidt, Martin and Lischeid, Gunnar and Nendel, Claas}, title = {Microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones of forest to arable land}, series = {Agricultural and forest meteorology}, volume = {268}, journal = {Agricultural and forest meteorology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0168-1923}, doi = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.001}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Human-driven fragmentation of landscapes leads to the formation of transition zones between ecosystems that are characterised by fluxes of matter, energy and information. These transition zones may offer rather inhospitable habitats that could jeopardise biodiversity. On the other hand, transition zones are also reported to be hotspots for biodiversity and even evolutionary processes. The general mechanisms and influence of processes in transition zones are poorly understood. Although heterogeneity and diversity of land use of fragments and the transition zones between them play an important role, most studies only refer to forested transition zones. Often, only an extrapolation of measurements in the different fragments themselves is reported to determine gradients in transition zones. This paper contributes to a quantitative understanding of agricultural landscapes beyond individual ecotopes, and towards connected ecosystem mosaics that may be beneficial for the provision of ecosystem services.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Hohm, Erika and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2}, pages = {631 -- 641}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child's temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy-difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children's temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.}, language = {en} } @article{GraetzSeissSchmidtetal.2019, author = {Gr{\"a}tz, Fabio M. and Seiß, Martin and Schmidt, J{\"u}rgen and Colwell, Joshua and Spahn, Frank}, title = {Sharp Gap Edges in Dense Planetary Rings}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {872}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab007e}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {One of the most intriguing facets of Saturn's rings are the sharp edges of gaps in the rings where the surface density abruptly drops to zero. This is despite of the fact that the range over which a moon transfers angular momentum onto the ring material is much larger. Recent UVIS-scans of the edges of the Encke and Keeler gap show that this drop occurs over a range approximately equal to the rings' thickness. Borderies et al. show that this striking feature is likely related to the local reversal of the usually outward directed viscous transport of angular momentum in strongly perturbed regions. In this article we revise the Borderies et al. model using a granular flow model to define the shear and bulk viscosities, ν and ζ, and incorporate the angular momentum flux reversal effect into the axisymmetric diffusion model we developed for gaps in dense planetary rings. Finally, we apply our model to the Encke and Keeler division in order to estimate the shear and bulk viscosities in the vicinity of both gaps}, language = {en} } @article{HeinrichsAmmerMundetal.2019, author = {Heinrichs, Steffi and Ammer, Christian and Mund, Martina and Boch, Steffen and Budde, Sabine and Fischer, Markus and Mueller, Joerg and Schoening, Ingo and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Weckesser, Martin and Schall, Peter}, title = {Landscape-Scale Mixtures of Tree Species are More Effective than Stand-Scale Mixtures for Biodiversity of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes and Lichens}, series = {Forests}, volume = {10}, journal = {Forests}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f10010073}, pages = {34}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Tree species diversity can positively affect the multifunctionality of forests. This is why conifer monocultures of Scots pine and Norway spruce, widely promoted in Central Europe since the 18th and 19th century, are currently converted into mixed stands with naturally dominant European beech. Biodiversity is expected to benefit from these mixtures compared to pure conifer stands due to increased abiotic and biotic resource heterogeneity. Evidence for this assumption is, however, largely lacking. Here, we investigated the diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens at the plot (alpha diversity) and at the landscape (gamma diversity) level in pure and mixed stands of European beech and conifer species (Scots pine, Norway spruce, Douglas fir) in four regions in Germany. We aimed to identify compositions of pure and mixed stands in a hypothetical forest landscape that can optimize gamma diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens within regions. Results show that gamma diversity of the investigated groups is highest when a landscape comprises different pure stands rather than tree species mixtures at the stand scale. Species mainly associated with conifers rely on light regimes that are only provided in pure conifer forests, whereas mixtures of beech and conifers are more similar to beech stands. Combining pure beech and pure conifer stands at the landscape scale can increase landscape level biodiversity and conserve species assemblages of both stand types, while landscapes solely composed of stand scale tree species mixtures could lead to a biodiversity reduction of a combination of investigated groups of 7 up to 20\%.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtMartinLopezPhillipsetal.2018, author = {Schmidt, Katja and Martin-Lopez, Berta and Phillips, Peter M. and Julius, Eike and Makan, Neville and Walz, Ariane}, title = {Key landscape features in the provision of ecosystem services}, series = {Land use policy}, volume = {82}, journal = {Land use policy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0264-8377}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.022}, pages = {353 -- 366}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Whereas ecosystem service research is increasingly being promoted in science and policy, the utilisation of ecosystem services knowledge remains largely underexplored for regional ecosystem management. To overcome the mere generation of knowledge and contribute to decision-making, scientists are facing the challenge of articulating specific implications of the ecosystem service approach for practical land use management. In this contribution, we compare the results of participatory mapping of ecosystem services with the existing management plan for the Pentland Hills Regional Park (Scotland, UK) to inform its future management plan. By conducting participatory mapping in a workshop with key stakeholders (n = 20), we identify hotspots of ecosystem services and the landscape features underpinning such hotspots. We then analyse to what extent these landscape features are the focus of the current management plan. We found a clear mismatch between the key landscape features underpinning the provision of ecosystem services and the management strategy suggested. Our findings allow for a better understanding of the required focus of future land use management to account for ecosystem services.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtBrunnerPreckel2018, author = {Schmidt, Isabelle and Brunner, Martin and Preckel, Franzis}, title = {Effects of achievement differences for internal/external frame of reference model investigations}, series = {British journal of educational psychology}, volume = {88}, journal = {British journal of educational psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0007-0998}, doi = {10.1111/bjep.12198}, pages = {513 -- 528}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background Achievement in math and achievement in verbal school subjects are more strongly correlated than the respective academic self-concepts. The internal/external frame of reference model (I/E model; Marsh, 1986, Am. Educ. Res. J., 23, 129) explains this finding by social and dimensional comparison processes. We investigated a key assumption of the model that dimensional comparisons mainly depend on the difference in achievement between subjects. We compared correlations between subject-specific self-concepts of groups of elementary and secondary school students with or without achievement differences in the respective subjects. Aims The main goals were (1) to show that effects of dimensional comparisons depend to a large degree on the existence of achievement differences between subjects, (2) to demonstrate the generalizability of findings over different grade levels and self-concept scales, and (3) to test a rarely used correlation comparison approach (CCA) for the investigation of I/E model assumptions. Samples We analysed eight German elementary and secondary school student samples (grades 3-8) from three independent studies (Ns 326-878). Method Correlations between math and German self-concepts of students with identical grades in the respective subjects were compared with the correlation of self-concepts of students having different grades using Fisher's Z test for independent samples. Results In all samples, correlations between math self-concept and German self-concept were higher for students having identical grades than for students having different grades. Differences in median correlations had small effect sizes for elementary school students and moderate effect sizes for secondary school students. Conclusions Findings generalized over grades and indicated a developmental aspect in self-concept formation. The CCA complements investigations within I/E-research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2017, author = {Schmidt, Martin}, title = {Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Florfliegenseide}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {135}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @book{AhlefeldBiemerBredendieketal.2008, author = {Ahlefeld, Kristin and Biemer, Anna-Lena and Bredendiek, Florian and Dunte, Stefan and Fietze, Bianca and Gamradt, Rebecca and Jennek, Julia and Nick, Gregor and Schinagl, Martin and Schmidt, Karsten}, title = {Ein Kiez im Wandel der Zeit : Savignyplatz - von der Wende in neue Jahrtausend}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {83 S.}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @misc{SchmidtFelisattiAsteretal.2021, author = {Schmidt, Hendrikje and Felisatti, Arianna and Aster, Michael von and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Moers, Arpad von and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Neuromuscular Diseases Affect Number Representation and Processing}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522312}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) both are rare genetic neuromuscular diseases with progressive loss of motor ability. The neuromotor developmental course of those diseases is well documented. In contrast, there is only little evidence about characteristics of general and specific cognitive development. In both conditions the final motor outcome is characterized by an inability to move autonomously: children with SMA never accomplish independent motoric exploration of their environment, while children with DMD do but later lose this ability again. These profound differences in developmental pathways might affect cognitive development of SMA vs. DMD children, as cognition is shaped by individual motor experiences. DMD patients show impaired executive functions, working memory, and verbal IQ, whereas only motor ability seems to be impaired in SMA. Advanced cognitive capacity in SMA may serve as a compensatory mechanism for achieving in education, career progression, and social satisfaction. This study aimed to relate differences in basic numerical concepts and arithmetic achievement in SMA and DMD patients to differences in their motor development and resulting sensorimotor and environmental experiences. Horizontal and vertical spatial-numerical associations were explored in SMA/DMD children ranging between 6 and 12 years through the random number generation task. Furthermore, arithmetic skills as well as general cognitive ability were assessed. Groups differed in spatial number processing as well as in arithmetic and domain-general cognitive functions. Children with SMA showed no horizontal and even reversed vertical spatial-numerical associations. Children with DMD on the other hand revealed patterns in spatial numerical associations comparable to healthy developing children. From the embodied Cognition perspective, early sensorimotor experience does play a role in development of mental number representations. However, it remains open whether and how this becomes relevant for the acquisition of higher order cognitive and arithmetic skills.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemer2017, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin}, title = {Microwave-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzofurans from Ortho-Arylphenols}, series = {Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0022-152X}, doi = {10.1002/jhet.2704}, pages = {1287 -- 1297}, year = {2017}, abstract = {ortho-Aryl phenols, synthesized via protecting group free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of ortho-halophenols and arene boronic acids, undergo a cyclization to dibenzofurans via oxidative C-H activation. The reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation in short reaction times using catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)(2) without additional ligands.}, language = {en} } @article{QinHeilSchmidtetal.2019, author = {Qin, Qing and Heil, T. and Schmidt, J. and Schmallegger, Max and Gescheidt, Georg and Antonietti, Markus and Oschatz, Martin}, title = {Electrochemical Fixation of Nitrogen and Its Coupling with Biomass Valorization with a Strongly Adsorbing and Defect Optimized Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen Catalyst}, series = {ACS Applied Energy Materials}, volume = {2}, journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2574-0962}, doi = {10.1021/acsaem.9b01852}, pages = {8359 -- 8365}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The electrochemical conversion of low-cost precursors into high-value chemicals using renewably generated electricity is a promising approach to build up an environmentally friendly energy cycle, including a storage element. The large-scale implementation of such process can, however, only be realized by the design of cost-effective electrocatalysts with high efficiency and highest stability. Here, we report the synthesis of N and B codoped porous carbons. The constructed B-N motives combine abundant unpaired electrons and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). They result in desirable performance for electrochemical N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) and electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the absence of any metal cocatalyst. A maximum Faradaic efficiency of 15.2\% with a stable NH3 production rate of 21.3 mu g h(-1) mg(-1) is obtained in NRR. Besides, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is first obtained by using non-metalbased electrocatalysts at a conversion of 71\% and with yield of 57\%. Gas adsorption experiments elucidate the relationship between the structure and the ability of the catalysts to activate the substrate molecules. This work opens up deep insights for the rational design of non-metal-based catalysts for potential electrocatalytic applications and the possible enhancement of their activity by the introduction of FLPs and point defects at grain boundaries.}, language = {en} } @article{PietzFaetkenheuerBurgardetal.1997, author = {Pietz, J. and F{\"a}tkenheuer, Brigitte and Burgard, P. and Armbruster, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Psychiatric disorders in adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.1997, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard}, title = {Famili{\"a}re Determinanten seelischer Gesundheit und Krankheit im Generations- und Ost-West-Vergleich.}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtKasparRichter2008, author = {Schmidt, Martin and Kaspar, R{\"u}diger and Richter, Torsten}, title = {Ergebnisse der Tagung des BFA Mykologie (NABU) 2006 in Linowsee bei Rheinsberg/Brandenburg}, editor = {Kummer, Volker}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2009, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Becker, Katja and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology : evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults}, issn = {1461-1457}, doi = {10.1017/S1461145708009875}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Previous research examining gene-environment interaction (G x E) with regard to vulnerability to depression and anxiety has yielded conflicting results. The present study was designed to further investigate G x F between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to environmental adversity, using different phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as different types of adversity within a prospective study design. Data were available from an ongoing epidemiological cohort Study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 19 yr, 309 participants (142 males, 167 females) were characterized on measures of depression and anxiety through interview and questionnaire (DSM-IV diagnosis, Beck Depression Inventory, Harm Avoidance). Environmental adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity), and at age 19 yr (stressful life events). Bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA. Results indicated that depression and anxiety in 19-yr-olds were strongly associated with both family adversity and stressful life events. Individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were exposed to high family adversity displayed significantly higher rates of depressive or anxiety disorders and had more depressive symptoms than those without either condition. This G x E replicates recent findings from an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents but is in contrast to many previous reports suggesting an interaction with the S allele. No evidence for G x E was obtained with regard to current stressful life events and trait anxiety. One possible source for the conflicting findings might be attributed to heterogeneity in depression phenotypes and environmental adversity.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinSchmidetal.2009, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtGeroldEsser1998, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Seelische Gesundheit versus psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten in einer repr{\"a}sentativen Stichprobe junger Erwachsener}, isbn = {3-540-64492-x}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{WeindrichJennenSteinmetzLauchtetal.1998, author = {Weindrich, D. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {At risk for language disorders? : correlates and course of language disorders in preschool children born at risk}, issn = {0803-5253}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1998, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Beziehung : Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Kindern mit organischen und psychosozialen Belastungen ; Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter}, year = {1998}, abstract = {Die Entwicklung von Kindern, die in ihrer fr{\"u}hen Kindheit erh{\"o}hten Belastungen ausgesetzt waren, zeichnet sich durch eine grosse Variabilit{\"a}t aus. Welche Kinder besonders gef{\"a}hrdet sind und welchen es gelingt, Entwicklungsrisiken zu {\"u}berwinden, wird anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie aufgezeigt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine prospektive L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie an einer Kohorte von 362 Kindern, die in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis ins Schulalter begleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse bis zum Alter von acht Jahren machen deutlich, dass die Entwicklungsprognose von sehr kleinen Fr{\"u}hgeborenen und von Kindern postnatal depressiver M{\"u}tter davon abh{\"a}ngt, wie die fr{\"u}he Beziehung zwischen Mutter und Risikokind gelingt. Sie unterstreichen damit die besondere Bedeutung der fr{\"u}hen Mutter-Kind-Interaktion in der Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{ReisMeyerProbstEsseretal.1998, author = {Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Ereignisbelastung, soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung und seelische Gesundheit zweier verbundener Generationen in Mannheim und Rostock}, isbn = {3-7799-0941-3}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtSkowronekBeckeretal.2008, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Skowronek, Markus H. and Becker, Katja and Schulze, Thomas G. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella}, title = {Environmental risk factors and attention-deficit : hyperactivity discorder symptoms ; reply}, issn = {0003-990X}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2007, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Temperament in the developmental course : a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study-derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory}, issn = {0010-440X}, doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.007}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Objective: Despite theoretical discrepancies between different concepts of temperament, some core dimensions are thought to be common to the various models. We compared temperamental traits derived from the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) model and the Cloninger dimensions in the developmental course and investigated the associations of temperament with sex as well as with obstetric risks or psychosocial risks present at birth. - Methods: Participants were 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk from a longitudinal study on a high-risk community sample. In infancy and childhood, NYLS-derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory/1218 was administered. - Results: Moderate correlations were found between Junior Temperament and Character Inventory scales in adolescence and NYLS-derived factors in childhood. The psychosocial risk load seemed to influence the expression of novelty seeking or corresponding NYLS-derived factors, whereas the obstetric risks did not contribute to variation in temperament. Our findings further support highly sex-specific gene x environment interactions on temperament in the developmental course. - Conclusion: The content of our NYLS-derived factors and the specific type of association across different temperament constructs fit into the increasing consensus regarding a small number of higher-order temperamental traits. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{EsserDinterJoergSchmidtetal.1996, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Dinter-J{\"o}rg, Monika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Herrle, Johannes and Yantorno-Villalba, P. and Rose, Frauke and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Bedeutung der Blickvermeidung im S{\"a}uglingsalter f{\"u}r den Entwicklungsstand des Kindes mit zwei und viereinhalb Jahren}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtKasperKluskeetal.1995, author = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Kasper, Uwe and Kluske, Sabine and Rainer, Martin and Reuter, Stefan}, title = {Stability properties of the Starobinsky cosmological model}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{EsserFischerWyschkonetal.2007, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Fischer, Sascha and Wyschkon, Anne and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Vorboten hyperkinetischer St{\"o}rungen : Fr{\"u}herkennung im Kleinkindalter}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917.35.2.127}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Objectives: The prospective longitudinal Mannheim Study of Children at Risk followed the development of children from the age of 2 years up to the age of 8 years. Are there differences between the developmental risk load in toddlers (psychopathology, cognition, motor or neurological development. and educational differences) who suffer from a hyperactive disorder at age 8 and that of undisturbed children of the same age? Are there specific harbingers of hyperkinetic disorders for the group concerned? Methods: In terms of their developmental risk load at the age of 2 years, 26 primary school children with hyperkinetic disorders were compared to 241 healthy primary school children, as well as to 25 children of the same age with emotional disturbances and 30 children of the same age with socially disruptive behavior. Results: A significant combination of predictors of later hyperkinetic disorders at primary school age proved to be increased fidgetiness and irritability, as well as a reduced language comprehension, at the age of two. Conclusions: The predictive value of symptoms in early childhood for later hyperkinetic disorder in children of primaryschool age is higher than that of symptoms assessed in infancy, which although expected is without relevant specificity.}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2007, author = {Laucht, Michael and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Problems of behavioral and emotional regulation in early infancy : precursors of psychiatric disorders in later childhood?}, isbn = {978-1-934019-17-7}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserLauchtetal.2007, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Entwicklung psychischer St{\"o}rungen}, isbn = {978-3-540-71627-3}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{EsserFischerWyschkonetal.2007, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Fischer, Sascha and Wyschkon, Anne and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Vorboten hyperkinetischer St{\"o}rungen : Fr{\"u}herkennung bereits im S{\"a}uglingsalter m{\"o}glich?}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917.35.3.179}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Objectives: Are there any differences (organic, psychosocial, psychopathological, cognitive or educational, respectively differences in the motor or neurological development) between infants who later on at the age of 8 years suffer from a hyperactive disorder and those who later on at the same age are undisturbed? Are there specific harbingers for hyperactive disorders in the group concerned? Methods: With regard to their developmental risk load at the age of 3 months, 26 primary school children with hyperactive disorders were compared with 241 healthy children, 25 children with emotional disturbances, and 30 children with socially disruptive behaviour, all of the same age. Results: Identified as the most important predictors for the onset of hyperactive disorders were a reduced birth weight, the mother's origin from a shattered family, early contact impairments on the part of the child, and the mother's neglect of the infant. Conclusions: Altogether, however, the prediction of later hyperactivity in primary school children on the basis of salient features in the infant children remains unsatisfactory and unspecific.}, language = {de} } @article{BeckerElFaddaghSchmidtetal.2008, author = {Becker, Katja and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms}, issn = {0022-3476}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Objective To demonstrate that children homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphism who were exposed to maternal prenatal smoke exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than children without these environmental or genetic risks. Study design We performed a prospective longitudinal study from birth into early adulthood monitoring the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Maternal prenatal smoking was determined during a standardized interview with the mother when the child was 3 months old. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents participated in genotyping for the DAT1 40 base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and assessment of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder symptoms with die Kiddie- Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Results There was no bivariate association between DAT1 genotype, prenatal smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, a significant interaction between DAT1 genotype and prenatal smoke exposure emerged (P =.012), indicating that males with prenatal smoke exposure who were homozygous for the DAT1 10r allele had higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than males from all other groups. In females, no significant main effects of DAT1 genotype or prenatal smoke exposure or interaction effects on any symptoms were evident (all P >.25). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the multifactorial nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of studying both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{VossSchmidtWalzetal.2009, author = {Voss, Martin and Schmidt, Ruth and Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto}, title = {Stimulus-induced translocation of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit to the apical membrane in blowfly salivary glands}, issn = {0302-766X}, doi = {10.1007/s00441-008-0673-x}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Secretion in blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is regulated by the neurohormone serotonin (5-HT), which activates the InsP(3)/Ca2+ pathway and the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in the secretory cells. The latter signaling cascade induces the activation of a vacuolar H+-ATPase on the apical membrane. Here, we have determined the distribution of PKA by using antibodies against the PKA regulatory subunit-II (PKA-RII) and the PKA catalytic subunit (PKA-C) of Drosophila. PKA is present in high concentrations within the secretory cells. PKA-RII and PKA-C co-distribute in non-stimulated glands, being enriched in the basal portion of the secretory cells. Exposure to 8-CPT-cAMP or 5-HT induces the translocation of PKA-C to the apical membrane, whereas the PKA-RII distribution remains unchanged. The recruitment of PKA-C to the apical membrane corroborates our hypothesis that vacuolar H+-ATPase, which is enriched in this membrane domain, is a target protein for PKA.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemerKarras2013, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin and Karras, Manfred}, title = {2,2 '-Biphenols via protecting group-free thermal or microwave-accelerated suzuki-miyaura coupling in water}, series = {The journal of organic chemistry}, volume = {78}, journal = {The journal of organic chemistry}, number = {17}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-3263}, doi = {10.1021/jo401398n}, pages = {8680 -- 8688}, year = {2013}, abstract = {User-friendly protocols for the protecting group-free synthesis of 2,2'-biphenols via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of o-halophenols and o-boronophenol are presented. The reactions proceed in water in the presence of simple additives such as K2CO3, KOH, KF, or TBAF and with commercially available Pd/C as precatalyst. Expensive or laboriously synthesized ligands or other additives are not required. In the case of bromophenols, efficient rate acceleration and short reaction times were accomplished by microwave irradiation.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRainer1995, author = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Rainer, Martin}, title = {Inhomogeneous cosmological models with homogeneous inner hypersurface geometry}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRainer1995, author = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Rainer, Martin}, title = {The natural classification of real lie algebras}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @book{SchmidtMohazzabRainer1995, author = {Schmidt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Mohazzab, Masoud and Rainer, Martin}, title = {Deformations between Bianchi geometries in classical and quantum cosmology}, series = {Report IPM}, volume = {1995, 91}, journal = {Report IPM}, publisher = {IPM}, address = {Teheran}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{HohmannBeckerFellingeretal.2009, author = {Hohmann, Sarah and Becker, Katja and Fellinger, Johannes and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Evidence for epistasis between the 5-HTTLPR and the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms in externalizing behavior among 15-year-olds}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-009-0290-1}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The present study aimed to clarify the functional role of genes in the dopamine and serotonin systems by examining whether polymorphisms in these genes are related to adolescent externalizing behavior either alone or in interaction with each other. Participants were selected from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 298 adolescents (144 males, 154 females) completed the Youth Self Report, 296 primary caregivers the Child Behavior Checklist and 253 teachers the Teacher Report Form. DNA was genotyped for the DRD4 exon III VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results revealed that individuals with the DRD4 7r allele reported significantly more externalizing behavior than carriers of other variants. In addition, a significant interaction emerged, indicating that adolescents carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR short allele and the DRD4 7r variant scored highest on aggressive and/or delinquent behavior compared to other genotypes. This result suggests an effect of 5-HTTLPR on externalizing behavior in the presence of DRD4 7r but no effect in its absence.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidHohmBlomeyeretal.2007, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Hohm, Erika and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a group at risk}, issn = {0735-0414}, doi = {10.1093/alcalc/agm024}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Aims: To investigate whether concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a subgroup that differs from users of one substance only regarding several risk factors for later substance use problems. Methods: Participants were from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 384 children at risk for later psychopathology, with the majority being born with obstetric complications and psychosocial adversities. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption and related intrapersonal characteristics were obtained at age 15. Results: Compared to consumers of alcohol only, 15-year-olds drinking and smoking during the same time period (past 4 weeks) had significantly higher levels of consumption and more excessive use of alcohol, started drinking at an earlier age, had higher scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and more cannabis use. This group could be distinguished from users of alcohol only by higher novelty seeking and more positive alcohol effect expectancies. Compared to consumers of tobacco only, concurrent users reported higher nicotine dependence and more cannabis use. No significant differences were observed regarding frequency and age at initiation of tobacco use, tobacco-related sensitivity, self- efficacy and instrumentality as well as novelty seeking. Conclusions: Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence is associated with characteristics that are well known as risk factors for later alcohol use problems and dependence and that should be targeted by prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Genese und Verlauf von emotionalen St{\"o}rungen von der KIndheit bis ins Erwachsenenalter}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Wovor sch{\"u}tzen Schutzfaktoren? : Anmerkungen zu einem popul{\"a}ren Konzept der modernen Gesundheitsforschung}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Developmental outcome of infants born with biological and psychosocial risks}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtEsserLaucht1997, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Die Entwicklung nach biologischen und psychsozialen Risiken in der fr{\"u}hen Kindheit}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Lebensereignisse : Ursache oder Folge von psychischen St{\"o}rungen.}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{EsserSchmidt1997, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Psychische Probleme des Jugendalters : Ergebnisse einer prospektiven epidemiologischer L{\"a}ngsschnittsstudie von 8-18 Jahren}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{BroscheitBuetowEnglertetal.1996, author = {Broscheit, Frank and B{\"u}tow, Martin and Englert, Wolfgang and Jahn, Gert and Klohn, Werner and Knitschky, Wolfgang and Reinecke, Hans-Joachim and M{\"u}ller, Helmut and Reinhardt, Karl Heinz and Schmidt, Marianne and Schmidtke, Kurt-Dietmar and Sch{\"o}pflin, F. and Starke, Rainer and Vahldiek, B. W. and Wehrs, Klaus and Wetzel, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Seydlitz Erdkunde 2}, publisher = {Schroedel}, address = {Hannover}, pages = {128 S.}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @article{EsserWyschkonSchmidtetal.2008, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard and Ihle, Wolfgang}, title = {Ein Entwicklungsmodell des Substanzmissbrauchs im fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.31}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{HomBlomeyerSchmidtetal.2007, author = {Hom, Erika and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Jugendliche die fr{\"u}hzeitig rauchen und trinken : eine Risikogruppe?}, issn = {1661-4747}, doi = {10.1024/1661-4747.55.3.155}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies have reported elevated rates of legal drug consumption among adolescents in Germany. The aim of this study was to ascertain patterns and parameters of smoking and drinking in early-users as well as to examine possible determinants of risky patterns of use. Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children at risk. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption as well as of individual and social determinants were obtained at age 15. Adolescents drinking and smoking during the same period (past four weeks) were characterized by more excessive and impulsive consumption and by higher rates of cannabis use. No specific determinants of concurrent use could be found. These findings suggest that adolescents displaying early concurrent tobacco and alcohol use may be at higher risk for substance use problems and should be targeted by prevention programs.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.2009, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Die Bedeutung psychischer und famili{\"a}rer Faktoren f{\"u}r die Delinquenzentwicklung bis ins Erwachsenenalter}, issn = {0026-9301}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Es werden Befunde aus einer prospektiven Laengsschnittstudie praesentiert, in der 321 Probanden im Alter von 8, 13, 18 und 25 Jahren untersucht werden konnten; ihre Dunkelfelddelinquenz wurde mit 18 und 25 Jahren erfasst. Wir suchten nach Assoziationen zur Delinquenzentwicklung und erwarteten Unterschiede zwischen auf das Jugendalter beschraenkter gegenueber ins fruehe Erwachsenenalter fortgesetzter sowie spaet, d.h. nach dem Alter von 18 Jahren, beginnender Delinquenz. Wir fanden gemeinsame Risikofaktoren und fuer die drei Verlaufstypen spezifische Risikokonstellationen, die eher im Jugendalter als in der Kindheit identifiziert wurden. Widrige familiaere Bedingungen, Entwicklungsverzoegerungen und psychische Stoerungen scheinen mit Delinquenz als eher persistentem Verhalten assoziiert.}, language = {de} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2009, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Temperamental predictors of externalizing problems among boys and girls : a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample from ages 3 months to 15 years}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-009-0009-1}, year = {2009}, abstract = {In a high-risk community sample, we examined the role of regulative temperament and emotionality as well as the extent of gender specificity in the development of externalizing problems. 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were followed from birth into adolescence. In infancy and childhood, NYLS- derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, externalizing problems were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. As revealed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression, low regulative abilities predicted adolescent behavioral and attentional problems over and above obstetric and psychosocial risks. Gender specificity was found in the strength of the association rather than in the kind with a stronger long-term prediction from infant and toddler temperament in girls. Compared to regulative abilities, temperament factors describing aspects of mood and fear/withdrawal versus approach tendencies played a minor role in the development of externalizing problems. Findings are discussed in terms of gender-specific risk factors and possible differential developmental trajectories to subtypes of disruptive behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBlomeyerBeckeretal.2009, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds}, issn = {1355-6215}, doi = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two DAT1 polymorphisms and different initiation ages with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption levels and dependence. Two hundred and ninety-one young adults (135 males, 156 females) participating in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were genotyped for the 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and rs27072 polymorphisms of DAT1. Age at initiation was assessed at age 15 and 19 years. Information about current alcohol and tobacco consumption was obtained at age 19 years using self-report measures and structured interviews. Results suggest that age at onset of intensive consumption moderated the association of the DAT1 gene with early adult substance use and dependence, revealing a DAT1 effect only among individuals homozygous for the 10r allele of the 40-bp VNTR who had started daily smoking or being intoxicated early in life. Equally, carriers of the T allele of the rs27072 polymorphism reporting an early age at first intoxication showed higher current alcohol consumption at age 19 years. In contrast, no interaction between rs27072 and the age at first cigarette with regard to later smoking was observed. These findings provide evidence that the DAT1 gene interacts with an early heavy or regular drug exposure of the maturing adolescent brain to predict substance (ab)use in young adulthood. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannBlomeyerJennenSteinmetzetal.2013, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Early smoking onset may promise initial pleasurable sensations and later addiction}, series = {Addiction biology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Addiction biology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1369-1600}, doi = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00377.x}, pages = {947 -- 954}, year = {2013}, abstract = {There is converging evidence suggesting a particular susceptibility to the addictive properties of nicotine among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to prospectively ascertain the relationship between age at first cigarette and initial smoking experiences, and to examine the combined effects of these characteristics of adolescent smoking behavior on adult smoking. It was hypothesized that the association between earlier age at first cigarette and later development of nicotine dependence may, at least in part, be attributable to differences in experiencing pleasurable early smoking sensations. Data were drawn from the participants of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. Structured interviews at age 15, 19 and 22 years were conducted to assess the age at first cigarette, early smoking experiences and current smoking behavior in 213 young adults. In addition, the participants completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Adolescents who smoked their first cigarette at an earlier age reported more pleasurable sensations from the cigarette, and they were more likely to be regular smokers at age 22. The age at first cigarette also predicted the number of cigarettes smoked and dependence at age 22. Thus, both the age of first cigarette and the pleasure experienced from the cigarette independently predicted aspects of smoking at age 22.}, language = {en} } @article{JedrusikBodeStudenckaSmolkaetal.2013, author = {Jedrusik-Bode, Monika and Studencka, Maja and Smolka, Christian and Baumann, Tobias and Schmidt, Henning and Kampf, Jan and Paap, Franziska and Martin, Sophie and Tazi, Jamal and M{\"u}ller, Kristian M. and Kr{\"u}ger, Marcus and Braun, Thomas and Bober, Eva}, title = {The sirtuin SIRT6 regulates stress granule formation in C. elegans and mammals}, series = {Journal of cell science}, volume = {126}, journal = {Journal of cell science}, number = {22}, publisher = {Company of Biologists Limited}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0021-9533}, doi = {10.1242/jcs.130708}, pages = {5166 -- +}, year = {2013}, abstract = {SIRT6 is a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that modulates chromatin structure and safeguards genomic stability. Until now, SIRT6 has been assigned to the nucleus and only nuclear targets of SIRT6 are known. Here, we demonstrate that in response to stress, C. elegans SIR-2.4 and its mammalian orthologue SIRT6 localize to cytoplasmic stress granules, interact with various stress granule components and induce their assembly. Loss of SIRT6 or inhibition of its catalytic activity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts impairs stress granule formation and delays disassembly during recovery, whereas deficiency of SIR-2.4 diminishes maintenance of P granules and decreases survival of C. elegans under stress conditions. Our findings uncover a novel, evolutionary conserved function of SIRT6 in the maintenance of stress granules in response to stress.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidtetal.1996, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and St{\"o}hr, R.-M. and Weindrich, D. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Marcus, A.}, title = {Viereinhalb Jahre danach : Mannheimer Risikokinder im Vorschulalter}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @article{EsserSchmidt1996, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Prevalence, course and risk factors for mental disorders}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{EsserLauchtSchmidt1996, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {The Significance of Biological and Psychosocial Risks for Behaviour Problems of Children at Preschool age}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannKopfWestphaletal.2010, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Kopf, Daniel and Westphal, Sabine and Lederbogen, Florian and Banaschewski, Tobias and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred and Deuschle, Michael}, title = {Impact of early parental child-rearing behavior on young adults' cardiometabolic risk profile : a prospective study}, issn = {0033-3174}, doi = {10.1097/Psy.0b013e3181c88343}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: To examine prospectively whether early parental child-rearing behavior is a predictor of cardiometabolic outcome in young adulthood when other potential risk factors are controlled. Metabolic factors associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease have been found to vary, depending on lifestyle as well as genetic predisposition. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that environmental conditions, such as stress in pre- and postnatal life, may have a sustained impact on an individual's metabolic risk profile. Methods: Participants were drawn from a prospective, epidemiological, cohort study followed up from birth into young adulthood. Parent interviews and behavioral observations at the age of 3 months were conducted to assess child-rearing practices and mother-infant interaction in the home setting and in the laboratory. In 279 participants, anthropometric characteristics, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides were recorded at age 19 years. In addition, structured interviews were administered to the young adults to assess indicators of current lifestyle and education. Results: Adverse early-life interaction experiences were significantly associated with lower levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in young adulthood. Current lifestyle variables and level of education did not account for this effect, although habitual smoking and alcohol consumption also contributed significantly to cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early parental child-rearing behavior may predict health outcome in later life through its impact on metabolic parameters in adulthood.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannSchmidBlomeyeretal.2010, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Mann, Karl F. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Drinking against unpleasant emotions : possible outcome of early onset of alcohol use?}, issn = {0145-6008}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01180.x}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Background: Recent animal and human studies indicate that the exposure to alcohol during early adolescence increases the risk for heavy alcohol use in response to stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this effect may be the consequence of a higher susceptibility to develop "drinking to cope" motives among early initiators. Methods: Data from 320 participants were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Structured interviews at age 15 and 19 were used to assess age at first alcohol experience and drunkenness. The young adults completed questionnaires to obtain information about the occurrence of stressful life events during the past 4 years and current drinking habits. In addition, alcohol use under conditions of negative states was assessed with the Inventory of Drinking Situations. Results: The probability of young adults' alcohol use in situations characterized by unpleasant emotions was significantly increased the earlier they had initiated the use of alcohol, even when controlling for current drinking habits and stressful life events. Similar results were obtained for the age at first drunkenness. Conclusions: The findings strengthen the hypothesis that alcohol experiences during early adolescence facilitate drinking to regulate negative affect as an adverse coping strategy which may represent the starting point of a vicious circle comprising drinking to relieve stress and increased stress as a consequence of drinking.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2010, author = {Becker, Katja and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {From regulatory problems in infancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood : a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene?}, issn = {0022-3476}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.005}, year = {2010}, abstract = {To examine whether the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) exon III VNTR moderates the risk of infants with regulatory disorders for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk for later psychopathology, 300 participants were assessed for regulatory problems in infancy, DRD4 genotype, and ADHD symptoms and diagnoses from childhood to adolescence. To examine a potential moderating effect on ADHD measures, linear and logistic regressions were computed. Models were fit for the main effects of the DRD4 genotype (presence or absence of the 7r allele) and regulatory problems (presence or absence), with the addition of the interaction term. All models were controlled for sex, family adversity, and obstetric risk status. In children without the DRD4-7r allele, a history of regulatory problems in infancy was unrelated to later ADHD. But in children with regulatory problems in infancy, the additional presence of the DRD4-7r allele increased the risk for ADHD in childhood. The DRD4 genotype seems to moderate the association between regulatory problems in infancy and later ADHD. A replication study is needed before further conclusions can be drawn, however.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBuchmannTrautmannVillalbaetal.2013, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Maternal stimulation in infancy predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in young men}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {120}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-013-0970-8}, pages = {1247 -- 1257}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Evidence from animal research has demonstrated the effect of early maternal care on the offspring's endocrine and behavioral stress response in adulthood. The present prospective study investigates, in humans, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother-child interaction on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in adulthood. The data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a 10-min standardized nursing and playing situation and evaluated by trained raters for maternal stimulation and infant and maternal responsiveness. At age 19 years, 270 participants (146 females, 124 males) completed the Trier Social Stress Test. The results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction at age 3 months predicted diminished plasma ACTH and cortisol increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in male, but not female offspring. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was found to be unrelated to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reactivity. In accordance with the findings from animal research, the present study provides prospective evidence in humans of a long-term association between early maternal interaction behavior and the offspring's hormonal stress response in young adulthood, suggesting that poor maternal stimulation in early infancy may result in reduced HPA axis reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor in males.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannHellwegRietscheletal.2013, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Hellweg, Rainer and Rietschel, Marcella and Treutlein, Jens and Witt, Stephanie H. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Deuschle, Michael}, title = {BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms - a prospective study}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {23}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003}, pages = {902 -- 909}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val(66)Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val(66)Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.1998, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Wann machen Schicksalsschl{\"a}ge psychisch krank? : Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen akuten Lebensereignissen und psychischen St{\"o}rungen}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1998, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Entwicklung : Empirische Befunde}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.1998, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Psychosomatic and depressive symptoms at age eight and age eighteen}, issn = {0065-2008}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSkowronekBeckeretal.2007, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Skowronek, Markus H. and Becker, Katja and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella and Schulze, Thomas G.}, title = {Interacting effects of the dopamine transporter gene and psychosocial adversity on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms among 15-year-olds from high-risk community sample}, issn = {0003-990X}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Context: Recent evidence suggests that gene X environment interactions could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1bjective: To examine whether psychosocial adversity moderated the effect of genetic variation in DAT1 on ADHD symptoms in. adolescents from a high-risk community sample. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Data were taken from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing longitudinal study of the long-term outcomes of early risk factors followed up from birth on. Participants: Three hundred five adolescents (146 boys, 159 girls) participated in a follow-up assessment at age 15 years. Main Outcome Measures: Measures of ADHD symptoms according to DSM-IV were obtained using standardized structural interviews with adolescents and their parents. Psychosocial adversity was determined according to an "enriched" family adversity index as proposed by Rutter and Quinton. DNA was genotyped for the common DAT1 40-base pair (bp) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region; 3 previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 15, intron 9, and exon 9; and a novel 30-bp VNTR polymorphism in intron 8. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the 40-bp VNTR polymorphism who grew up in greater psychosocial adversity exhibited significantly more inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity than adolescents with other genotypes or who lived in less adverse family conditions (significant interaction, P=.013-017). This gene X environment interaction was also observed in individuals homozygous for the 6-repeat allele of the 30-bp VNTR polymorphism and the haplotype comprising both markers. Conclusions: These findings provide initial evidence that environmental risks as described by the Rutter Family Adversity Index moderate the impact of the DAT1 gene on ADHD symptoms, suggesting a DAT1 effect only in those individuals exposed to psychosocial adversity.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2010, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Early predictors of antisocial developmental pathways among boys and girls}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: We investigated in a high-risk sample the differential impact of biological and psychosocial risk factors on antisocial behaviour pathways. Method: One hundred and thirty-eight boys and 155 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were examined from birth until adolescence. Childhood temperament was assessed by a highly-structured parent-interview and standardized behavioural observations, adolescent temperament was measured by self-report. Neurodevelopmental variables were assessed by age-specific developmental tests. Emotional and behaviour problems were measured at the ages of 8 and 15 by the Achenbach scales. Results: In both genders, psychosocial adversity and early self-control temperament were strongly associated with early-onset persistent (EOP) antisocial behaviour. Psychosocial adversity and more severe externalizing problems differentiated the EOP from childhood-limited (CL) pathway. In girls, adolescent-onset (AO) antisocial behaviour was strongly associated with novelty seeking at 15 years. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for early support and intervention in psychosocially disadvantaged families.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Reitschelb, Marcel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2013, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults findings from a longitudinal study}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {23}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.002}, pages = {358 -- 367}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Accumulating research suggests a moderating role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) in the association between childhood adversity and adult depression. The present study aims to replicate recent findings using different genetic variants and measures of early adversity assessed both prospectively and retrospectively. Data were collected in the context of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. 300 participants (137 males, 163 females) were genotyped for four CRHR1 SNPs (rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, and rs17689882) and completed the Beck Depression Inventory at ages 19, 22 and 23 years. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. Our results indicate that CRHR1 and childhood adversity interacted to predict depressive symptoms in young adults. Specifically, we found that the impact of childhood maltreatment on adult depressive symptoms was significantly higher in individuals (i) with two copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype, and (ii) homozygous for the G allele of rs17689882. The interaction was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report, but not to prospectively ascertain objective family adversity. The present study partially replicates recent findings of a CRHR1 by childhood adversity interaction with regard to adult depression highlighting the subjective characteristics of the environmental pathogen that is operative in this interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{BlomeyerBuchmannSchmidetal.2011, author = {Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults}, series = {Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism}, volume = {35}, journal = {Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0145-6008}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01447.x}, pages = {1142 -- 1148}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background: Recent evidence from animal experiments and studies in humans suggests that early age at first drink (AFD) may lead to higher stress-induced drinking. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether AFD interacted with stressful life events (SLE) and/or with daily hassles regarding the impact on drinking patterns among young adults. Method: In 306 participants of an epidemiological cohort study, AFD was assessed together with SLE during the past 3 years, daily hassles in the last month, and drinking behavior at age 22. As outcome variables, 2 variables were derived, reflecting different aspects of alcohol use: the amount of alcohol consumed in the last month and the drinking frequency, indicated by the number of drinking days in the last month. Results: Linear regression models revealed an interaction effect between the continuous measures of AFD and SLE on the amount of alcohol consumed. The earlier young adults had their first alcoholic drink and the higher the levels of SLE they were exposed to, the disproportionately more alcohol they consumed. Drinking frequency was not affected by an interaction of these variables, while daily hassles and their interaction with AFD were unrelated to drinking behavior. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early age at drinking onset as a risk factor for later heavy drinking under high load of SLE. Prevention programs should aim to raise age at first contact with alcohol. Additionally, support in stressful life situations and the acquisition of effective coping strategies might prevent heavy drinking in those with earlier drinking onset.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {53}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x}, pages = {351 -- 359}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemerSchilde2014, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {Chroman-4-ones via microwave-promoted domino claisen rearrangement-oxa-michael addition: Synthesis of tabchromones A and B}, series = {Synlett : accounts and rapid communications in synthetic organic chemistry}, volume = {25}, journal = {Synlett : accounts and rapid communications in synthetic organic chemistry}, number = {20}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0936-5214}, doi = {10.1055/s-0034-1379364}, pages = {2943 -- 2946}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Allyl phenyl ethers with a pendant enone substituent undergo, upon microwave irradiation, a domino sequence of Claisen rearrangement and 6-endo-trig-cyclization to furnish functionalized chroman-4-ones. The natural products tabchromones A and B were synthesized via this method.}, language = {en} } @article{NikitopoulosZohselBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Nikitopoulos, Joerg and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Becker, Katja and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {59}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.012}, pages = {53 -- 59}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemer2015, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin}, title = {Synthesis of Magnaldehydes B and E and Dictyobiphenyl B by Microwave-Promoted Cross-Coupling of Boronophenols}, series = {European journal of organic chemistry}, journal = {European journal of organic chemistry}, number = {17}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1434-193X}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.201500350}, pages = {3760 -- 3766}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Magnaldehydes B and E along with their 4'-methylated derivatives are naturally occurring 2,4'-biphenols that have been isolated from the Magnoliaceae. Herein, these natural products have been synthesized from a common intermediate, which was obtained by a microwave-promoted, hetero-geneously catalyzed, and protecting-group-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in an aqueous medium. These reaction conditions were also successfully applied to a one-step synthesis of the slime mold metabolite dictyobiphenyl B.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinrichBuchmannZohseletal.2015, author = {Heinrich, Angela and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Zohsel, Katrin and Dukal, Helene and Frank, Josef and Treutlein, Jens and Nieratschker, Vanessa and Witt, Stephanie H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Rietschel, Marcella}, title = {Alterations of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Methylation in Externalizing Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence}, series = {Behavior genetics : an international journal devoted to research in the inheritance of behavior in animals and man}, volume = {45}, journal = {Behavior genetics : an international journal devoted to research in the inheritance of behavior in animals and man}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0001-8244}, doi = {10.1007/s10519-015-9721-y}, pages = {529 -- 536}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Epigenetic modulations are a hypothesized link between environmental factors and the development of psychiatric disorders. Research has suggested that patients with depression or bipolar disorder exhibit higher methylation levels in the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1. We aimed to investigate whether NR3C1 methylation changes are similarly associated with externalizing disorders such as aggressive behavior and conduct disorder. NR3C1 exon 1F methylation was analyzed in young adults with a lifetime diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (N = 68) or a depressive disorder (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 124) from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk. The externalizing disorders group had significantly lower NR3C1 methylation levels than the lifetime depressive disorder group (p = 0.009) and healthy controls (p = 0.001) This report of lower methylation levels in NR3C1 in externalizing disorders may indicate a mechanism through which the differential development of externalizing disorders as opposed to depressive disorders might occur.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArnisonBibbBierbaumetal.2013, author = {Arnison, Paul G. and Bibb, Mervyn J. and Bierbaum, Gabriele and Bowers, Albert A. and Bugni, Tim S. and Bulaj, Grzegorz and Camarero, Julio A. and Campopiano, Dominic J. and Challis, Gregory L. and Clardy, Jon and Cotter, Paul D. and Craik, David J. and Dawson, Michael and Dittmann-Th{\"u}nemann, Elke and Donadio, Stefano and Dorrestein, Pieter C. and Entian, Karl-Dieter and Fischbach, Michael A. and Garavelli, John S. and Goeransson, Ulf and Gruber, Christian W. and Haft, Daniel H. and Hemscheidt, Thomas K. and Hertweck, Christian and Hill, Colin and Horswill, Alexander R. and Jaspars, Marcel and Kelly, Wendy L. and Klinman, Judith P. and Kuipers, Oscar P. and Link, A. James and Liu, Wen and Marahiel, Mohamed A. and Mitchell, Douglas A. and Moll, Gert N. and Moore, Bradley S. and Mueller, Rolf and Nair, Satish K. and Nes, Ingolf F. and Norris, Gillian E. and Olivera, Baldomero M. and Onaka, Hiroyasu and Patchett, Mark L. and Piel, J{\"o}rn and Reaney, Martin J. T. and Rebuffat, Sylvie and Ross, R. Paul and Sahl, Hans-Georg and Schmidt, Eric W. and Selsted, Michael E. and Severinov, Konstantin and Shen, Ben and Sivonen, Kaarina and Smith, Leif and Stein, Torsten and Suessmuth, Roderich D. and Tagg, John R. and Tang, Gong-Li and Truman, Andrew W. and Vederas, John C. and Walsh, Christopher T. and Walton, Jonathan D. and Wenzel, Silke C. and Willey, Joanne M. and van der Donk, Wilfred A.}, title = {Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature}, series = {Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry}, volume = {30}, journal = {Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0265-0568}, doi = {10.1039/c2np20085f}, pages = {108 -- 160}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This review presents recommended nomenclature for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), a rapidly growing class of natural products. The current knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of the >20 distinct compound classes is also reviewed, and commonalities are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LauchtBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2011, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Banaschewski, Tobias and Becker, Katja}, title = {Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene}, series = {Infant mental health journal}, volume = {32}, booktitle = {Infant mental health journal}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0163-9641}, pages = {212 -- 212}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study}, series = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0196-206X}, doi = {10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474}, pages = {18 -- 26}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemer2014, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin}, title = {Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of halophenols and phenol boronic acids: systematic investigation of positional isomer effects and conclusions for the synthesis of phytoalexins from Pyrinae}, series = {The journal of organic chemistry}, volume = {79}, journal = {The journal of organic chemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-3263}, doi = {10.1021/jo500675a}, pages = {4104 -- 4118}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Suzuki-Miyaura couplings of o-, m-, and p-halophenols with o-, m-, and p-phenol boronic acids were investigated for all combinations under standardized conditions, using Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst and water as a solvent. In the case of iodophenols, conventional heating was used, while for bromophenols significantly better results could be obtained using microwave irradiation. This systematic study revealed that 2,4'-biphenol is particularly difficult to access, irrespective of the starting materials used, but that these difficulties can be overcome by using different additives. The conclusions drawn from this investigation allowed us to identify conditions for the protecting group-free or minimized total synthesis of biaryl-type phytoalexins. These compounds possess antibacterial activity and are produced by fruit trees as a response to microbial infection.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannHolzBoeckerSchlieretal.2014, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {24}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001}, pages = {837 -- 845}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.}, language = {en} } @article{WilkeSchmidtZiemann2015, author = {Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena and Schmidt, Alexander and Ziemann, Martin Andreas}, title = {Subduction, peak and multi-stage exhumation metamorphism: Traces from one coesite-bearing eclogite, Tso Moran, western Himalaya}, series = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, volume = {231}, journal = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0024-4937}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos2015.06.007}, pages = {77 -- 91}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP), coesite-bearing edogites in the Himalaya have been documented from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan and the Tso Morani area in northwest India. These complexes are part of the northern edge of the Indian plate that has been subducted to, and metamorphosed at, mantle depths of more than 100 km before being exhumed. Both UHP complexes are located today directly adjacent to the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone and are not separated by non-metamorphosed sequences of Tethyan sediments from the Asian margin. Herein, we present new data for one fresh coesite-bearing eclogite from the Tso Moran massif. Therein, garnets are zoned reflecting their growth during prograde and peak metamorphism and showing a thin retrograde overgrowth. Inclusions can be directly correlated to the compositional zoning and are seen as either relicts of the protolith mineral paragenesis and as "snap shots" of the mineral paragenesis during subduction and under peak conditions. Rare earth element concentrations (REE) were obtained for garnet, mineral inclusions in garnet and matrix minerals. The REE pattern in garnet reflects a sequential change in matrix minerals and their proportions due to net transfer reactions during subduction and peak metamorphism. Using conventional geothermobarometry, a peak pressure of ca. 44-48 kbar at 560-760 degrees C followed by an S-shaped exhumation curve has been deduced. Gibbs free energy minimization modelling was used to supplement our analytical findings. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{PazPeterSchmidtetal.2012, author = {Paz, Cristian and Peter, Martin G. and Schmidt, Bernd and Becerra, Jose and Gutierrez, Margarita and Astudillo, Luis and Silva, Mario}, title = {Synthesis and AChE inhibiting activity of 2, 4 substituted 6-Phenyl Pyrimidines}, series = {Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sociedad Chilena De Quimica}, address = {Concepcion}, issn = {0717-9324}, pages = {1292 -- 1294}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Novel substituted pyrimidines were synthesized from methyl 2,4-dioxo-4-phenyl-butanoate (I-A) and urea, followed by Mitsunobu coupling of I-A with benzyl or allyl alcohol to give the corresponding 2-hydroxypyrimidine ethers in good yields. Saponification of I-A, followed by reaction with benzyl or allyl amines in the presence of TBTU yielded 2-hydroxy-6-phenyl-pyrimidine 4-carboxamides. AChE and BuChE assays revealed 2-hydroxy-6-phenyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxyallyamide as the most active compound, IC50=90 mu M, with no inhibition of BuChE.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Differential susceptibility to environmental influences the role of early temperament and parenting in the development of externalizing problems}, series = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association}, volume = {52}, journal = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0010-440X}, doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.10.017}, pages = {650 -- 658}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: A difficult or undercontrolled temperament, as well as harsh parental discipline or a lack of warmth, has long been regarded as risk factors for the development of externalizing problems. In addition, it has been suggested that children with difficult temperament are especially susceptible to rearing influences. We investigated the impact of early temperament and parenting and their interactions on externalizing behavior at school age. Methods: Participants were 148 boys and 160 girls from a prospective longitudinal study on a high-risk sample. At ages 3 months and 2 years, temperament was assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. Maternal parenting was assessed by videotaped behavioral observation and a parent questionnaire. Externalizing problems at age 8 years were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, we found that externalizing problems were predicted by psychosocial adversity and poor self-control, whereas no main effect for restrictive parenting or maternal empathy was found. Fearful-inhibited boys were positively affected by empathic and sensitive parenting, whereas girls who were low in self-control and/or fearful developed less externalizing problems with restrictive parenting. Conclusion: Our results partly support the differential susceptibility hypothesis. In addition, they point toward gender-specific pathways in the development of externalizing problems.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2011, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Quality of early mother-child interaction associated with depressive psychopathology in the offspring - a prospective study from infancy to adulthood}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {45}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.010}, pages = {1387 -- 1394}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Evidence from animal research has revealed that less maternal care results in disturbed emotionality in the offspring. In the present study, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother child interaction on depressive psychopathology was examined until adulthood. Data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness and stimulation as well as infant responsiveness were evaluated by trained raters. At age 19 years, 314 participants (145 males, 169 females) were characterized on measures of depression through interview and questionnaire. In addition, measures of depression and anxiety were available from assessments in childhood. Results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction was associated with a higher risk of depression in the offspring until the age of 19 years. In addition, children of less stimulating mothers showed more depressive symptoms at age 19 years and displayed more anxiety and depressive symptoms between the ages of 4.5 and 15 years. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was unrelated to children's outcome. In accordance with findings from animal research, the present study provides first longitudinal evidence in humans of a continuous and long-term influence of early maternal interaction behavior on the offspring's psychological adjustment until adulthood. The results suggest that the amount of maternally initiated contact behavior in a very early developmental stage may be crucial for children's mental health, regardless of child and maternal responsiveness.}, language = {en} } @article{PoustkaZohselBlomeyeretal.2015, author = {Poustka, Luise and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmid, Brigitte and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Hohmann, Sarah and Becker, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interacting effects of maternal responsiveness, infant regulatory problems and dopamine D4 receptor gene in the development of dysregulation during childhood: A longitudinal analysis}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {70}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychires.2015.08.018}, pages = {83 -- 90}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Recent longitudinal studies have indicated that affective and behavioral dysregulation in childhood is associated with an increased risk for various negative outcomes in later life. However, few studies to date have examined early mechanisms preceding dysregulation during early childhood. Aim of this study was to elucidate early mechanisms relating to dysregulation in later life using data from an epidemiological cohort study on the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness was evaluated by trained raters. Infant regulatory problems were assessed on the basis of a parent interview and direct observation by trained raters. At age 8 and 11 years, 290 children (139 males) were rated on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, participants were genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon 3 VNTR polymorphism. A significant three-way interaction between maternal responsiveness, DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems was detected predicting the CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP). Carriers of the DRD4 7r allele with regulatory problems at age 3 months showed significantly more behavior problems associated with the CBCL-DP during childhood when exposed to less maternal responsiveness. In contrast, no effect of maternal responsiveness was observed in DRD4 7r carriers without infant regulatory problems and in non-carriers of the DRD4 7r allele. This prospective longitudinal study extends earlier findings regarding the association of the CBCL-DP with early parenting and later psychopathology, introducing both DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems as important moderators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannZohselBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Hohmann, Sarah and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Treutlein, Jens and Becker, Katja and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Poustka, Luise and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interaction between prenatal stress and dopamine D4 receptor genotype in predicting aggression and cortisol levels in young adults}, series = {Psychopharmacology}, volume = {231}, journal = {Psychopharmacology}, number = {16}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0033-3158}, doi = {10.1007/s00213-014-3484-7}, pages = {3089 -- 3097}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Considerable evidence suggests that genetic factors combine with environmental influences to impact on the development of aggressive behavior. A genetic variant that has repeatedly been reported to render individuals more sensitive to the presence of adverse experiences, including stress exposure during fetal life, is the seven-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. The present investigation concentrated on the interplay of prenatal maternal stress and DRD4 genotype in predicting self-reported aggression in young adults. As disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system has been discussed as a pathophysiological pathway to aggression, cortisol stress reactivity was additionally examined. As part of an epidemiological cohort study, prenatal maternal stress was assessed by maternal interview 3 months after childbirth. Between the ages of 19 and 23 years, 298 offspring (140 males, 158 females) completed the Young Adult Self-Report to measure aggressive behavior and were genotyped for the DRD4 gene. At 19 years, 219 participants additionally underwent the Trier Social Stress Test to determine cortisol reactivity. Extending earlier findings with respect to childhood antisocial behavior, the results revealed that, under conditions of higher prenatal maternal stress, carriers of the DRD4 seven-repeat allele displayed more aggression in adulthood (p = 0.032). Moreover, the same conditions which seemed to promote aggression were found to predict attenuated cortisol secretion (p = 0.028). This is the first study to indicate a long-term impact of prenatal stress exposure on the cortisol stress response depending on DRD4 genotype.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemerSchilde2015, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/6-endo Cyclization Approach to Allylated and Prenylated Chromones}, series = {European journal of organic chemistry}, journal = {European journal of organic chemistry}, number = {34}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1434-193X}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.201501151}, pages = {7602 -- 7611}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Allyl, dimethylallyl and prenyl ethers derived from o-acyl-phenols reacted upon microwave irradiation to form C-allylated or -prenylated chromone derivatives, depending on the substitution pattern of the arene and the allyl substituent. The reaction proceeds through a tandem Claisen rearrangement and 6-endo-trig or 6-endo-dig cyclization sequence. For prenyl ethers, the tandem sequence can be extended by a Cope rearrangement to furnish 6-prenylchromones. The method is potentially useful for the synthesis of natural products and drugs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {55}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12138}, pages = {69 -- 76}, year = {2014}, abstract = {ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{HolzBoeckerSchlierJennenSteinmetzetal.2016, author = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Positive coping styles and perigenual ACC volume: two related mechanisms for conferring resilience?}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1749-5016}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsw005}, pages = {813 -- 820}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Stress exposure has been linked to increased rates of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly in females, and has been associated with maladaptive changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is an important brain structure involved in internalizing disorders. Coping styles are important mediators of the stress reaction by establishing homeostasis, and may thus confer resilience to stress-related psychopathology. Anatomical scans were acquired in 181 healthy participants at age 25 years. Positive coping styles were determined using a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire, SVF78) at age 22 years. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 22, 23 and 25 years with the Young Adult Self-Report. Information on previous internalizing diagnoses was obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years). Positive coping styles were associated with increased ACC volume. ACC volume and positive coping styles predicted anxiety and depression in a sex-dependent manner with increased positive coping and ACC volume being related to lower levels of psychopathology in females, but not in males. These results remained significant when controlled for previous internalizing diagnoses. These findings indicate that positive coping styles and ACC volume are two linked mechanisms, which may serve as protective factors against internalizing disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemer2016, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin}, title = {Microwave-Promoted Deprenylation: Prenyl Ether as a Thermolabile Phenol Protecting Group}, series = {Synthesis}, volume = {48}, journal = {Synthesis}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0039-7881}, doi = {10.1055/s-0035-1561366}, pages = {1399 -- 1406}, year = {2016}, abstract = {para-Substituted aryl prenyl ethers undergo a deprenylation reaction upon microwave irradiation. This offers the opportunity to use a prenyl ether as a thermolabile protecting group in the synthesis of natural products with a chromone structure, which proceeds via a tandem deprenylation/6-endo-cyclization sequence.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselBaldusSchmidtetal.2016, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Baldus, Christiane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Thomasius, Rainer and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study}, series = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, volume = {163}, journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Clare}, issn = {0376-8716}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.012}, pages = {251 -- 255}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n = 307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire. Results: At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n = 28 participants (9.1\%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2016, author = {Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Hohmann, Sarah and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Wolf, Isabella and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Plichta, Michael M. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOAx Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression}, series = {Cerebral cortex}, volume = {26}, journal = {Cerebral cortex}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Cary}, issn = {1047-3211}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhu249}, pages = {904 -- 914}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOAx CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmannZohselBuchmannetal.2016, author = {Hohmann, Sarah and Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interacting effect of MAOA genotype and maternal prenatal smoking on aggressive behavior in young adulthood}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {123}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-016-1582-x}, pages = {885 -- 894}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Findings on the etiology of aggressive behavior have provided evidence for an effect both of genetic factors, such as variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, and adverse environmental factors. Recent studies have supported the existence of gene × environment interactions, with early experiences playing a key role. In the present study, the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure, MAOA genotype and their interaction on aggressive behavior during young adulthood were examined. In a sample of 272 young adults (129 males, 143 females) from an epidemiological cohort study, smoking during pregnancy was measured with a standardized parent interview at the offspring's age of 3 months. Aggressive behavior was assessed between the ages of 19 and 25 years using the Young Adult Self-Report. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA 5\&\#8242; untranslated region variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (VNTR). Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025). In contrast, in carriers of the MAOA high-expressing genotype, maternal smoking during pregnancy had no effect on aggressive behavior during young adulthood (n = 20, p = .145). This study extends earlier findings demonstrating an interaction between MAOA genotype and prenatal nicotine exposure on aggressive behavior into young adulthood. The results point to the long-term adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on the offspring's mental health, possibly underlining the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy. According to the nature of the study (particularly sample size and power), analyses are exploratory and results need to be interpreted cautiously.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtZiemannPentzienetal.2016, author = {Schmidt, Birgit Angelika and Ziemann, Martin Andreas and Pentzien, Simone and Gabsch, Toralf and Koch, Werner and Kr{\"u}ger, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road}, series = {Studies in Conservation}, volume = {61}, journal = {Studies in Conservation}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0039-3630}, doi = {10.1179/2047058414Y.0000000152}, pages = {113 -- 122}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhohle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Gruwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtRiemer2016, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Riemer, Martin}, title = {Synthesis of Allyl- and Prenylcoumarins via Microwave-Promoted Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/Wittig Olefination}, series = {Synthesis}, volume = {48}, journal = {Synthesis}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0039-7881}, doi = {10.1055/s-0035-1560501}, pages = {141 -- 149}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Allyl, dimethylallyl, crotyl, and prenyl ethers of various aromatic ortho-hydroxy carbonyl compounds undergo a tandem sequence of Claisen rearrangement, carbonyl olefination, and cyclization upon microwave irradiation in the presence of a stabilized ylide. The products are multiply substituted 6- or 8-allylated or prenylated coumarins (2H-chromen-2-ones).}, language = {en} }