@article{ScharfHandyZiemannetal.2013,
  author    = {Scharf, Anke and Handy, Mark R. and Ziemann, Martin Andreas and Schmid, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Peak-temperature patterns of polyphase metamorphism resulting from accretion, subduction and collision (eastern Tauern Window, European Alps) - a study with Raman microspectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM)},
  series = {Journal of metamorphic geology},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Journal of metamorphic geology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0263-4929},
  doi       = {10.1111/jmg.12048},
  pages     = {863 -- 880},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Raman microspectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM) from the eastern Tauern Window indicates contrasting peak-temperature patterns in three different fabric domains, each of which underwent a poly-metamorphic orogenic evolution: Domain 1 in the northeastern Tauern Window preserves oceanic units (Glockner Nappe System, Matrei Zone) that attained peak temperatures (T-p) of 350-480 degrees C following Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene nappe stacking in an accretionary wedge. Domain 2 in the central Tauern Window experienced T-p of 500-535 degrees C that was attained either within an exhumed Palaeogene subduction channel or during Oligocene Barrovian-type thermal overprinting within the Alpine collisional orogen. Domain 3 in the Eastern Tauern Subdome has a peak-temperature pattern that resulted from Eo-Oligocene nappe stacking of continental units derived from the distal European margin. This pattern acquired its presently concentric pattern in Miocene time due to post-nappe doming and extensional shearing along the Katschberg Shear Zone System (KSZS). T-p values in the largest (Hochalm) dome range from 612 degrees C in its core to 440 degrees C at its rim. The maximum peak-temperature gradient (70 degrees Ckm(-1)) occurs along the eastern margin of this dome where mylonitic shearing of the Katschberg Normal Fault (KNF) significantly thinned the Subpenninic- and Penninic nappe pile, including the pre-existing peak-temperature gradient.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RitteScharfEckermannetal.2004,
  author    = {Ritte, Gerhard and Scharf, Anke and Eckermann, Nora and Haebel, Sophie and Steup, Martin},
  title     = {Phosphorylation of transitory starch is increased during degradation},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The starch excess phenotype of Arabidopsis mutants defective in the starch phosphorylating enzyme glucan, water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4) indicates that phosphorylation of starch is required for its degradation. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, two in vivo systems have been established that allow the analysis of phosphorylation of transitory starch during both biosynthesis in the light and degradation in darkness. First, a photoautotrophic culture of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to monitor the incorporation of exogenously supplied P-32 orthophosphate into starch. Illuminated cells incorporated P-32 into starch with a constant rate during 2 h. By contrast, starch phosphorylation in darkened cells exceeded that in illuminated cells within the first 30 min, but subsequently phosphate incorporation declined. Pulse-chase experiments performed with P-32/P-31 orthophosphate revealed a high turnover of the starch-bound phosphate esters in darkened cells but no detectable turnover in illuminated cells. Secondly, leaf starch granules were isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants grown under controlled conditions and glucan chains from the outer granule layer were released by isoamylase. Phosphorylated chains were purified and analyzed using high performance anion-exchange chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Glucans released from the surface of starch granules that had been isolated from darkened leaves possessed a considerably higher degree of phosphorylation than those prepared from leaves harvested during the light period. Thus, in the unicellular alga as well as in potato leaves, net starch degradation is accompanied with an increased phosphorylation of starch},
  language  = {en}
}