@article{WeisshuhnRecklingStachowetal.2017,
  author    = {Weisshuhn, Peter and Reckling, Moritz and Stachow, Ulrich and Wiggering, Hubert},
  title     = {Supporting Agricultural Ecosystem Services through the Integration of Perennial Polycultures into Crop Rotations},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su9122267},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This review analyzes the potential role and long-term effects of field perennial polycultures (mixtures) in agricultural systems, with the aim of reducing the trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. First, crop rotations are identified as a suitable tool for the assessment of the long-term effects of perennial polycultures on ecosystem services, which are not visible at the single-crop level. Second, the ability of perennial polycultures to support ecosystem services when used in crop rotations is quantified through eight agricultural ecosystem services. Legume-grass mixtures and wildflower mixtures are used as examples of perennial polycultures, and compared with silage maize as a typical crop for biomass production. Perennial polycultures enhance soil fertility, soil protection, climate regulation, pollination, pest and weed control, and landscape aesthetics compared with maize. They also score lower for biomass production compared with maize, which confirms the trade-off between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. However, the additional positive factors provided by perennial polycultures, such as reduced costs for mineral fertilizer, pesticides, and soil tillage, and a significant preceding crop effect that increases the yields of subsequent crops, should be taken into account. However, a full assessment of agricultural ecosystem services requires a more holistic analysis that is beyond the capabilities of current frameworks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WeisshuhnRecklingStachowetal.2017,
  author    = {Weißhuhn, Peter and Reckling, Moritz and Stachow, Ulrich and Wiggering, Hubert},
  title     = {Supporting agricultural ecosystem services through the integration of perennial polycultures into crop rotations},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1069},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47441},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474410},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This review analyzes the potential role and long-term effects of field perennial polycultures (mixtures) in agricultural systems, with the aim of reducing the trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. First, crop rotations are identified as a suitable tool for the assessment of the long-term effects of perennial polycultures on ecosystem services, which are not visible at the single-crop level. Second, the ability of perennial polycultures to support ecosystem services when used in crop rotations is quantified through eight agricultural ecosystem services. Legume-grass mixtures and wildflower mixtures are used as examples of perennial polycultures, and compared with silage maize as a typical crop for biomass production. Perennial polycultures enhance soil fertility, soil protection, climate regulation, pollination, pest and weed control, and landscape aesthetics compared with maize. They also score lower for biomass production compared with maize, which confirms the trade-off between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. However, the additional positive factors provided by perennial polycultures, such as reduced costs for mineral fertilizer, pesticides, and soil tillage, and a significant preceding crop effect that increases the yields of subsequent crops, should be taken into account. However, a full assessment of agricultural ecosystem services requires a more holistic analysis that is beyond the capabilities of current frameworks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NendelRecklingDebaekeetal.2023,
  author    = {Nendel, Claas and Reckling, Moritz and Debaeke, Philippe and Schulz, Susanne and Berg-Mohnicke, Michael and Constantin, Julie and Fronzek, Stefan and Hoffmann, Munir and Jakšić, Snežana and Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian and Klimek-Kopyra, Agnieszka and Raynal, H{\´e}l{\`e}ne and Schoving, C{\´e}line and Stella, Tommaso and Battisti, Rafael},
  title     = {Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe},
  series = {Global change biology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Global change biology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Ocford [u.a]},
  issn      = {1354-1013},
  doi       = {10.1111/gcb.16562},
  pages     = {1340 -- 1358},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick to declare self-sufficiency targets for plant-based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures have painted an image of a bright future for soybean production in Europe, but emerging climatic risks such as drought have so far not been included in any of those outlooks. Here, we present simulations of future soybean production and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using an ensemble of climate and soybean growth models. Projections suggest a substantial increase in potential soybean production area and productivity in Central Europe, while southern European production would become increasingly dependent on supplementary irrigation. Average productivity would rise by 8.3\% (RCP 4.5) to 8.7\% (RCP 8.5) as a result of improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting from rising temperature and CO2 levels) and farmers adapting to them by using cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable production area would rise by 31.4\% (RCP 4.5) to 37.7\% (RCP 8.5) by the mid-century, contributing considerably more than productivity increase to the production potential for closing the protein gap in Europe. While wet conditions at harvest and incidental cold spells are the current key challenges for extending soybean production, the models and climate data analysis anticipate that drought and heat will become the dominant limitations in the future. Breeding for heat-tolerant and water-efficient genotypes is needed to further improve soybean adaptation to changing climatic conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}