@article{YangWangYanetal.2012, author = {Yang, Jiongjiong and Wang, Aobing and Yan, Ming and Zhu, Zijian and Chen, Cheng and Wang, Yizhou}, title = {Distinct processing for pictures of animals and objects Evidence from eye movements}, series = {Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association}, volume = {12}, journal = {Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1528-3542}, doi = {10.1037/a0026848}, pages = {540 -- 551}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Many studies have suggested that emotional stimuli orient and engage attention. There is also evidence that animate stimuli, such as those from humans and animals, cause attentional bias. However, categorical and emotional factors are usually mixed, and it is unclear to what extent human context influences attentional allocation. To address this issue, we tracked participants' eye movements while they viewed pictures with animals and inanimate images (i.e., category) as focal objects. These pictures had either negative or neutral emotional valence, and either human body parts or nonhuman parts were near the focal objects (i.e., context). The picture's valence, arousal, position, size, and most of the low-level visual features were matched across categories. The results showed that nonhuman animals were more likely to be attended to and to be attended to for longer times than inanimate objects. The same pattern held for the human contexts (vs. nonhuman contexts). The effects of emotional valence, category, and context interacted. Specifically, in images with a negative valence, focal animals and objects with human context had comparable numbers of gaze fixations and gaze duration. These results highlighted the attentional bias to animate parts of a picture and clarified that the effects of category, valence, and picture context interacted to influence attentional allocation.}, language = {en} } @article{RanLoveHeiberetal.2018, author = {Ran, Niva A. and Love, John A. and Heiber, Michael C. and Jiao, Xuechen and Hughes, Michael P. and Karki, Akchheta and Wang, Ming and Brus, Viktor V. and Wang, Hengbin and Neher, Dieter and Ade, Harald and Bazan, Guillermo C. and Thuc-Quyen Nguyen,}, title = {Charge generation and recombination in an organic solar cell with low energetic offsets}, series = {dvanced energy materials}, volume = {8}, journal = {dvanced energy materials}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.201701073}, pages = {12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require energetic offsets between the donor and acceptor to obtain high short-circuit currents (J(SC)) and fill factors (FF). However, it is necessary to reduce the energetic offsets to achieve high open-circuit voltages (V-OC). Recently, reports have highlighted BHJ blends that are pushing at the accepted limits of energetic offsets necessary for high efficiency. Unfortunately, most of these BHJs have modest FF values. How the energetic offset impacts the solar cell characteristics thus remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive characterization of the losses in a polymer:fullerene BHJ blend, PIPCP:phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), that achieves a high V-OC (0.9 V) with very low energy losses (E-loss = 0.52 eV) from the energy of absorbed photons, a respectable J(SC) (13 mA cm(-2)), but a limited FF (54\%) is reported. Despite the low energetic offset, the system does not suffer from field-dependent generation and instead it is characterized by very fast nongeminate recombination and the presence of shallow traps. The charge-carrier losses are attributed to suboptimal morphology due to high miscibility between PIPCP and PC61BM. These results hold promise that given the appropriate morphology, the J(SC), V-OC, and FF can all be improved, even with very low energetic offsets.}, language = {en} } @article{QiZhangKochovskietal.2018, author = {Qi, Wenjing and Zhang, Yufei and Kochovski, Zdravko and Wang, Jue and Lu, Yan and Chen, Guosong and Jiang, Ming}, title = {Self-assembly of Human Galectin-1 via dual supramolecular interactions and its inhibition of T-cell agglutination and apoptosis}, series = {Nano Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nano Research}, number = {10}, publisher = {Tsinghua Univ Press}, address = {Beijing}, issn = {1998-0124}, doi = {10.1007/s12274-018-2169-7}, pages = {5566 -- 5572}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Recently, we proposed a new strategy to construct artificial plant protein assemblies, which were induced by adding a small molecule, based on dual supramolecular interactions. In this paper, we further explored this method by employing Human Galectin-1 (Gal-1) as a building block to form self-assembled microribbons. Two non-covalent interactions, including lactose-lectin binding and dimerization of Rhodamine B (RhB), induced by the small molecule ligand addition, were involved in the crosslinking of the animal protein, resulting in the formation of assemblies. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and three-dimensional (3D) tomographic analysis, we arrived at a possible mechanistic model for the microribbon formation. Furthermore, the morphology of protein assemblies could be fine-timed by varying the incubation time, the protein/ligand ratio, and the chemical structures of ligands. Interestingly, the formation of protein microribbons successfully inhibited Gal-1 induced T-cell agglutination and apoptosis. This is because the multivalent and dynamic interactions in protein assemblies compete with the binding between Gal-1 and the glycans on cell surfaces, which suppresses the function of Gal-1 in promotion of tumor progression and metastasis.}, language = {en} } @article{WangMuglachKliem2009, author = {Wang, Yi-Ming and Muglach, Karin and Kliem, Bernhard}, title = {Endpoint brightenings in erupting filaments}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637x/699/1/133}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Two well known phenomena associated with erupting filaments are the transient coronal holes that form on each side of the filament channel and the bright post-event arcade with its expanding double row of footpoints. Here we focus on a frequently overlooked signature of filament eruptions: the spike- or fan-shaped brightenings that appear to mark the far endpoints of the filament. From a sample of non-active-region filament events observed with the Extreme- Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, we find that these brightenings usually occur near the outer edges of the transient holes, in contrast to the post-event arcades, which define their inner edges. The endpoints are often multiple and are rooted in and around strong network flux well outside the filament channel, a result that is consistent with the axial field of the filament being much stronger than the photospheric field inside the channel. The extreme ultraviolet brightenings, which are most intense at the time of maximum outward acceleration of the filament, can be used to determine unambiguously the direction of the axial field component from longitudinal magnetograms. Their location near the outer boundary of the transient holes suggests that we are observing the footprints of the current sheet formed at the leading edge of the erupting filament, as distinct from the vertical current sheet behind the filament which is the source of the post-event arcade.}, language = {en} } @article{GaoZeilingerXuetal.2013, author = {Gao, Mingxing and Zeilinger, Gerold and Xu, Xiwei and Wang, Qingliang and Hao, Ming}, title = {DEM and GIS analysis of geomorphic indices for evaluating recent uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {190}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, number = {20}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.008}, pages = {61 -- 72}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a tectonically active region consisting of a series of faults with bounded intermountain basins and is located in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the Loess Plateau. Active deformation that may affect the topography in this region can be quantified using geomorphic indices. Therefore, we applied geomorphic indices such as the hypsometric integral and the stream length gradient index to infer neo-tectonics in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Different time-scaled geodetic leveling data and river incision rates were also integrated into the investigation. The results show that the hypsometric integrals are not significantly affected by lithology but spatially correspond to the hanging walls of thrust faults. The hypsometric integrals are also positively correlated with the leveling data. Although the stream length gradient index is influenced by lithology, its most pronounced anomalies of the stream length gradient are associated with the thrust faults. Consequently, the uplift in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau appeared to be concentrated along the hanging walls of the thrust faults.}, language = {en} } @article{WangZhouShuetal.2014, author = {Wang, Aiping and Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Yan, Ming}, title = {Reading proficiency modulates parafoveal processing efficiency: Evidence from reading Chinese as a second language}, series = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, volume = {152}, journal = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0001-6918}, doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.010}, pages = {29 -- 33}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how native Korean readers who learned Chinese as a second language make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that, only identical and orthographically similar previews facilitated processing of the target words when they were subsequently fixated. More critically, more parafoveal information was obtained by subjects with higher reading proficiency. These results suggest that, mainly low-level features of the parafoveal words are obtained by the non-native Chinese readers and less attentional resources are available for the readers with lower reading proficiency, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span.}, language = {en} } @article{ChengDingZhangetal.2014, author = {Cheng, X. and Ding, M. D. and Zhang, J. and Sun, X. D. and Guo, Y. and Wang, Yi-Ming and Kliem, Bernhard and Deng, Y. Y.}, title = {Formation of a double-decker magnetic flux rope in the sigmoidal solar active region 11520}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {789}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/93}, pages = {12}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In this paper, we address the formation of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) that erupted on 2012 July 12 and caused a strong geomagnetic storm event on July 15. Through analyzing the long-term evolution of the associated active region observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, it is found that the twisted field of an MFR, indicated by a continuous S-shaped sigmoid, is built up from two groups of sheared arcades near the main polarity inversion line a half day before the eruption. The temperature within the twisted field and sheared arcades is higher than that of the ambient volume, suggesting that magnetic reconnection most likely works there. The driver behind the reconnection is attributed to shearing and converging motions at magnetic footpoints with velocities in the range of 0.1-0.6 km s(-1). The rotation of the preceding sunspot also contributes to the MFR buildup. Extrapolated three-dimensional non-linear force-free field structures further reveal the locations of the reconnection to be in a bald-patch region and in a hyperbolic flux tube. About 2 hr before the eruption, indications of a second MFR in the form of an S-shaped hot channel are seen. It lies above the original MFR that continuously exists and includes a filament. The whole structure thus makes up a stable double-decker MFR system for hours prior to the eruption. Eventually, after entering the domain of instability, the high-lying MFR impulsively erupts to generate a fast coronal mass ejection and X-class flare; while the low-lying MFR remains behind and continuously maintains the sigmoidicity of the active region.}, language = {en} } @article{GaoWangLinetal.2014, author = {Gao, Guan-Nan and Wang, Min and Lin, Jun and Wu, Ning and Tan, Cheng-Ming and Kliem, Bernhard and Su, Yang}, title = {Radio observations of the fine structure inside a post-CME current sheet}, series = {Research in astronomy and astrophysics : a publication of the Chinese Astronomical Society and National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences}, volume = {14}, journal = {Research in astronomy and astrophysics : a publication of the Chinese Astronomical Society and National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences}, number = {7}, publisher = {Chinese Astronomical Society and National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences}, address = {Beijing}, issn = {1674-4527}, doi = {10.1088/1674-4527/14/7/006}, pages = {843 -- 854}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A solar radio burst was observed in a coronal mass ejection/flare event by the Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at the Huairou Solar Observing Station on 2004 December 1. The data exhibited various patterns of plasma motions, suggestive of the interaction between sunward moving plasmoids and the flare loop system during the impulsive phase of the event. In addition to the radio data, the associated white-light, H alpha, extreme ultraviolet light, and soft and hard X-rays were also studied.}, language = {en} } @article{PanShuWangetal.2015, author = {Pan, Jinger and Shu, Hua and Wang, Yuling and Yan, Ming}, title = {Parafoveal activation of sign translation previews among deaf readers during the reading of Chinese sentences}, series = {Memory \& cognition}, volume = {43}, journal = {Memory \& cognition}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/s13421-015-0511-9}, pages = {964 -- 972}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In the present study, we manipulated the different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined whether deaf readers could activate sign translations of Chinese words during reading. The main finding was that, as compared to unrelated previews, the deaf readers had longer fixation durations on the target words when sign-phonologically related preview words were presented; this preview cost effect due to sign-phonological relatedness was absent for reading-level-matched hearing individuals. These results indicate that Chinese deaf readers activate sign language translations of parafoveal words during reading. We discuss the implications for notions of parafoveal processing in reading.}, language = {en} } @article{WangYeonZhouetal.2016, author = {Wang, Aiping and Yeon, Junmo and Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Yan, Ming}, title = {Cross-language parafoveal semantic processing: Evidence from Korean-Chinese bilinguals}, series = {Applied physics letters}, volume = {23}, journal = {Applied physics letters}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-015-0876-6}, pages = {285 -- 290}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the present study, we aimed at testing cross-language cognate and semantic preview effects. We tested how native Korean readers who learned Chinese as a second language make use of the parafoveal information during the reading of Chinese sentences. There were 3 types of Korean preview words: cognate translations of the Chinese target words, semantically related noncognate words, and unrelated words. Together with a highly significant cognate preview effect, more critically, we also observed reliable facilitation in processing of the target word from the semantically related previews in all fixation measures. Results from the present study provide first evidence for semantic processing from parafoveally presented Korean words and for cross-language parafoveal semantic processing.}, language = {en} } @article{GaoZeilingerXuetal.2016, author = {Gao, Mingxing and Zeilinger, Gerold and Xu, Xiwei and Tan, Xibin and Wang, Qingliang and Hao, Ming}, title = {Active tectonics evaluation from geomorphic indices for the central and the southern Longmenshan range on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {35}, journal = {Tectonics}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1002/2015TC004080}, pages = {1812 -- 1826}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We applied the geomorphic indices (hypsometry and stream length gradient) to evaluate the differential uplift of the central and southern Longmenshan, a mountain range characterized by rapid erosion, strong tectonic uplift, and devastating seismic hazards. The results of the geomorphic analysis indicate that the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault act as major tectonic boundaries separating areas experiencing rapid uplift from slow uplift. The results of the geomorphic analysis also suggest that the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault is the most active fault with the largest relative uplift rates compared to the rest of the faults in the Longmenshan fault system. We compared reflected relative uplift rates based on the hypsometry and stream length gradient indices with geological/geodetic absolute rates. Along-strike and across-strike variations in the hypsometry and stream length gradient correlate with the spatial patterns derived from the apatite fission track exhumation rates, the leveling-derived uplift rate, and coseismic vertical displacements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These data defined multiple fault relationships in a complex thrust zone and provided geomorphic evidence to evaluate the potential seismic hazards of the southern Longmenshan range.}, language = {en} } @article{WangWhiteGrimmetal.2018, author = {Wang, Ming and White, Neil and Grimm, Volker and Hofman, Helen and Doley, David and Thorp, Grant and Cribb, Bronwen and Wherritt, Ella and Han, Liqi and Wilkie, John and Hanan, Jim}, title = {Pattern-oriented modelling as a novel way to verify and validate functional-structural plant models}, series = {Annals of botany}, volume = {121}, journal = {Annals of botany}, number = {5}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0305-7364}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcx187}, pages = {941 -- 959}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background and Aims Functional-structural plant (FSP) models have been widely used to understand the complex interactions between plant architecture and underlying developmental mechanisms. However, to obtain evidence that a model captures these mechanisms correctly, a clear distinction must be made between model outputs used for calibration and thus verification, and outputs used for validation. In pattern-oriented modelling (POM), multiple verification patterns are used as filters for rejecting unrealistic model structures and parameter combinations, while a second, independent set of patterns is used for validation. Key Results After calibration, our model simultaneously reproduced multiple observed architectural patterns. The model then successfully predicted, without further calibration, the validation patterns. The model supports the hypothesis that carbon allocation can be modelled as being dependent on current organ biomass and sink strength of each organ type, and also predicted the observed developmental timing of the leaf sink-source transition stage.}, language = {en} } @article{DuanZhouJiangetal.2021, author = {Duan, Hongbo and Zhou, Sheng and Jiang, Kejun and Bertram, Christoph and Harmsen, Mathijs and Kriegler, Elmar and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Wang, Shouyang and Fujimori, Shinichiro and Tavoni, Massimo and Ming, Xi and Keramidas, Kimon and Iyer, Gokul and Edmonds, James}, title = {Assessing China's efforts to pursue the 1.5°C warming limit}, series = {Science}, volume = {372}, journal = {Science}, number = {6540}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.aba8767}, pages = {378 -- 385}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Given the increasing interest in keeping global warming below 1.5°C, a key question is what this would mean for China's emission pathway, energy restructuring, and decarbonization. By conducting a multimodel study, we find that the 1.5°C-consistent goal would require China to reduce its carbon emissions and energy consumption by more than 90 and 39\%, respectively, compared with the "no policy" case. Negative emission technologies play an important role in achieving near-zero emissions, with captured carbon accounting on average for 20\% of the total reductions in 2050. Our multimodel comparisons reveal large differences in necessary emission reductions across sectors, whereas what is consistent is that the power sector is required to achieve full decarbonization by 2050. The cross-model averages indicate that China's accumulated policy costs may amount to 2.8 to 5.7\% of its gross domestic product by 2050, given the 1.5°C warming limit.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouWangShuetal.2018, author = {Zhou, Wei and Wang, Aiping and Shu, Hua and Kliegl, Reinhold and Yan, Ming}, title = {Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading}, series = {Memory \& cognition}, volume = {46}, journal = {Memory \& cognition}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/s13421-018-0797-5}, pages = {729 -- 740}, year = {2018}, abstract = {During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading.}, language = {en} } @article{YanWangSongetal.2019, author = {Yan, Ming and Wang, Aiping and Song, Hosu and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Parafoveal processing of phonology and semantics during the reading of Korean sentences}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {193}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104009}, pages = {7}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The present study sets out to address two fundamental questions in the reading of continuous texts: Whether semantic and phonological information from upcoming words can be accessed during natural reading. In the present study we investigated parafoveal processing during the reading of Korean sentences, manipulating semantic and phonological information from parafoveal preview words. In addition to the first evidence for a semantic preview effect in Korean, we found that Korean readers have stronger and more long-lasting phonological than semantic activation from parafoveal words in second-pass reading. The present study provides an example that human mind can flexibly adjust processing priority to different types of information based on the linguistic environment.}, language = {en} }