@misc{SanchezThomasDeekenetal.2019, author = {S{\´a}nchez, Alba and Thomas, Christine and Deeken, Friederike and Wagner, S{\"o}ren and Kl{\"o}ppel, Stefan and Kentischer, Felix and von Arnim, Chrstine A. F. and Denkinger, Michael and Conzelmann, Lars O. and Biermann-Stallwitz, Janine and Joos, Stefanie and Sturm, Heidrun and Metz, Brigitte and Auer, Ramona and Skrobik, Yoanna and Eschweiler, Gerhard W. and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {535}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42488}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424883}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Postoperative delirium is a common disorder in older adults that is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, prolonged cognitive impairment, development of dementia, higher institutionalization rates, and rising healthcare costs. The probability of delirium after surgery increases with patients' age, with pre-existing cognitive impairment, and with comorbidities, and its diagnosis and treatment is dependent on the knowledge of diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options of the medical staff. In this study, we will investigate whether a cross-sectoral and multimodal intervention for preventing delirium can reduce the prevalence of delirium and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) in patients older than 70 years undergoing elective surgery. Additionally, we will analyze whether the intervention is cost-effective. Methods The study will be conducted at five medical centers (with two or three surgical departments each) in the southwest of Germany. The study employs a stepped-wedge design with cluster randomization of the medical centers. Measurements are performed at six consecutive points: preadmission, preoperative, and postoperative with daily delirium screening up to day 7 and POCD evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Recruitment goals are to enroll 1500 patients older than 70 years undergoing elective operative procedures (cardiac, thoracic, vascular, proximal big joints and spine, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and general elective surgery procedures. Discussion Results of the trial should form the basis of future standards for preventing delirium and POCD in surgical wards. Key aims are the improvement of patient safety and quality of life, as well as the reduction of the long-term risk of conversion to dementia. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, we expect benefits and decreased costs for hospitals, patients, and healthcare insurances. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00013311. Registered on 10 November 2017.}, language = {en} } @misc{KaminskiSchlagenhaufRappetal.2018, author = {Kaminski, Jakob A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Awasthi, Swapnil and Ruggeri, Barbara and Deserno, Lorenz and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bokde, Arun L. W. and Bromberg, Uli and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Frouin, Vincent and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Paill{\`e}re Martinot, Marie-Laure and Nees, Frauke and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Paus, Tom{\´a}š and Poustka, Luise and Smolka, Michael N. and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {950}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42568}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425687}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.}, language = {en} } @article{KaminskiSchlagenhaufRappetal.2018, author = {Kaminski, Jakob A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Awasthi, Swapnil and Ruggeri, Barbara and Deserno, Lorenz and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bokde, Arun L. W. and Bromberg, Uli and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivieres, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Frouin, Vincent and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere and Nees, Frauke and Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos and Paus, Tomas and Poustka, Luise and Smolka, Michael N. and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor}, series = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {8}, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, organization = {IMAGEN Consortium}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.}, language = {en} } @article{SanchezThomasDeekenetal.2019, author = {S{\´a}nchez, Alba and Thomas, Christine and Deeken, Friederike and Wagner, S{\"o}ren and Kl{\"o}ppel, Stefan and Kentischer, Felix and von Arnim, Chrstine A. F. and Denkinger, Michael and Conzelmann, Lars O. and Biermann-Stallwitz, Janine and Joos, Stefanie and Sturm, Heidrun and Metz, Brigitte and Auer, Ramona and Skrobik, Yoanna and Eschweiler, Gerhard W. and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life}, series = {Trials}, volume = {20}, journal = {Trials}, number = {71}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1468-6694}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-018-3148-8}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Postoperative delirium is a common disorder in older adults that is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, prolonged cognitive impairment, development of dementia, higher institutionalization rates, and rising healthcare costs. The probability of delirium after surgery increases with patients' age, with pre-existing cognitive impairment, and with comorbidities, and its diagnosis and treatment is dependent on the knowledge of diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options of the medical staff. In this study, we will investigate whether a cross-sectoral and multimodal intervention for preventing delirium can reduce the prevalence of delirium and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) in patients older than 70 years undergoing elective surgery. Additionally, we will analyze whether the intervention is cost-effective. Methods The study will be conducted at five medical centers (with two or three surgical departments each) in the southwest of Germany. The study employs a stepped-wedge design with cluster randomization of the medical centers. Measurements are performed at six consecutive points: preadmission, preoperative, and postoperative with daily delirium screening up to day 7 and POCD evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Recruitment goals are to enroll 1500 patients older than 70 years undergoing elective operative procedures (cardiac, thoracic, vascular, proximal big joints and spine, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and general elective surgery procedures. Discussion Results of the trial should form the basis of future standards for preventing delirium and POCD in surgical wards. Key aims are the improvement of patient safety and quality of life, as well as the reduction of the long-term risk of conversion to dementia. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, we expect benefits and decreased costs for hospitals, patients, and healthcare insurances. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00013311. Registered on 10 November 2017.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeinzVossLawrieetal.2016, author = {Heinz, A. and Voss, M. and Lawrie, S. M. and Mishara, A. and Bauer, M. and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Juckel, G. and Lang, U. and Rapp, Michael A. and Falkai, P. and Strik, W. and Krystal, J. and Abi-Dargham, A. and Galderisi, S.}, title = {Shall we really say goodbye to first rank symptoms?}, series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, volume = {37}, journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Paris}, issn = {0924-9338}, doi = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.010}, pages = {8 -- 13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: First rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia have been used for decades for diagnostic purposes. In the new version of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has abolished any further reference to FRS of schizophrenia and treats them like any other "criterion A' symptom (e.g. any kind of hallucination or delusion) with regard to their diagnostic implication. The ICD-10 is currently under revision and may follow suit. In this review, we discuss central points of criticism that are directed against the continuous use of first rank symptoms (FRS) to diagnose schizophrenia.}, language = {en} } @article{BauerBanaschewskiHeinzetal.2016, author = {Bauer, M. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Heinz, A. and Kamp-Becker, I. and Meyer-Lindenberg, A. and Padberg, F. and Rapp, Michael A. and Rupprecht, R. and Schneider, F. and Schulze, T. G. and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich}, title = {The German Research Network for mental Disorders}, series = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Neurologie}, volume = {87}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Neurologie}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0028-2804}, doi = {10.1007/s00115-016-0169-y}, pages = {989 -- 1010}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Mental disorders are among the greatest medical and social challenges facing us. They can occur at all stages of life and are among the most important commonly occurring diseases. In Germany 28 \% of the population suffer from a mental disorder every year, while the lifetime risk of suffering from a mental disorder is almost 50 \%. Mental disorders cause great suffering for those affected and their social network. Quantitatively speaking, they can be considered to be among those diseases creating the greatest burden for society due to reduced productivity, absence from work and premature retirement. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding a new research network from 2015 to 2019 with up to 35 million euros to investigate mental disorders in order to devise and develop better therapeutic measures and strategies for this population by means of basic and translational clinical research. This is the result of a competitive call for research proposals entitled research network for mental diseases. It is a nationwide network of nine consortia with up to ten psychiatric and clinical psychology partner institutions from largely university-based research facilities for adults and/or children and adolescents. Furthermore, three cross-consortia platform projects will seek to identify shared causes of diseases and new diagnostic modalities for anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHS), autism, bipolar disorders, depression, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders as well as substance-related and addictive disorders. The spectrum of therapeutic approaches to be examined ranges from innovative pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment to novel brain stimulation procedures. In light of the enormous burden such diseases represent for society as a whole, a sustainable improvement in the financial support for those researching mental disorders seems essential. This network aims to become a nucleus for long overdue and sustained support for a German center for mental disorders.}, language = {de} } @misc{ChaparroZechHeinzeletal.2017, author = {Chaparro, Camilo G. A. Perez and Zech, Philipp A. and Heinzel, Stephan and Mayer, Frank and Wolfarth, Bernd and Rapp, Michael A. and Heissel, Andreas}, title = {Effects Of Aerobic \& Resistance Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness In People Living with HIV. A Meta-analysis}, series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0195-9131}, doi = {10.1249/01.mss.0000519265.28705.86}, pages = {842 -- 842}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{GarbusowEbrahimiRiemerschmidetal.2022, author = {Garbusow, Maria and Ebrahimi, Claudia and Riemerschmid, Carlotta and Daldrup, Luisa and Rothkirch, Marcus and Chen, Ke and Chen, Hao and Belanger, Matthew J. and Hentschel, Angela and Smolka, Michael and Heinz, Andreas and Pilhatsch, Maximilan and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer across mental disorders}, series = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography}, volume = {81}, journal = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography}, number = {5}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0302-282X}, doi = {10.1159/000525579}, pages = {418 -- 437}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A mechanism known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes a phenomenon by which the values of environmental cues acquired through Pavlovian conditioning can motivate instrumental behavior. PIT may be one basic mechanism of action control that can characterize mental disorders on a dimensional level beyond current classification systems. Therefore, we review human PIT studies investigating subclinical and clinical mental syndromes. The literature prevails an inhomogeneous picture concerning PIT. While enhanced PIT effects seem to be present in non-substance-related disorders, overweight people, and most studies with AUD patients, no altered PIT effects were reported in tobacco use disorder and obesity. Regarding AUD and relapsing alcohol-dependent patients, there is mixed evidence of enhanced or no PIT effects. Additionally, there is evidence for aberrant corticostriatal activation and genetic risk, e.g., in association with high-risk alcohol consumption and relapse after alcohol detoxification. In patients with anorexia nervosa, stronger PIT effects elicited by low caloric stimuli were associated with increased disease severity. In patients with depression, enhanced aversive PIT effects and a loss of action-specificity associated with poorer treatment outcomes were reported. Schizophrenic patients showed disrupted specific but intact general PIT effects. Patients with chronic back pain showed reduced PIT effects. We provide possible reasons to understand heterogeneity in PIT effects within and across mental disorders. Further, we strengthen the importance of reliable experimental tasks and provide test-retest data of a PIT task showing moderate to good reliability. Finally, we point toward stress as a possible underlying factor that may explain stronger PIT effects in mental disorders, as there is some evidence that stress per se interacts with the impact of environmental cues on behavior by selectively increasing cue-triggered wanting. To conclude, we discuss the results of the literature review in the light of Research Domain Criteria, suggesting future studies that comprehensively assess PIT across psychopathological dimensions.}, language = {en} } @article{DeekenReichertZechetal.2022, author = {Deeken, Friederike and Reichert, Markus and Zech, Hilmar and Wenzel, Julia and Wedemeyer, Friederike and Aguilera, Alvaro and Aslan, Acelya and Bach, Patrick and Bahr, Nadja Samia and Ebrahimi, Claudia and Fischbach, Pascale Christine and Ganz, Marvin and Garbusow, Maria and Großkopf, Charlotte M. and Heigert, Marie and Hentschel, Angela and Karl, Damian and Pelz, Patricia and Pinger, Mathieu and Riemerschmid, Carlotta and Rosenthal, Annika and Steffen, Johannes and Strehle, Jens and Weiss,, Franziska and Wieder, Gesine and Wieland, Alfred and Zaiser, Judith and Zimmermann, Sina and Walter, Henrik and Lenz, Bernd and Deserno, Lorenz and Smolka, Michael N. and Liu, Shuyan and Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany}, series = {JAMA Network Open}, volume = {5}, journal = {JAMA Network Open}, edition = {8}, publisher = {JAMA Network / American Medical Association}, address = {Chicago, Illinois, USA}, issn = {2574-3805}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence. Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021). Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates. Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0\%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95\% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95\% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year's Eve (β = 66.88; 95\% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95\% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = -5.45; 95\% CI, -8.00 to -2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = -11.10; 95\% CI, -13.63 to -8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = -6.14; 95\% CI, -9.96 to -2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = -6.26; 95\% CI, -10.18 to -2.34; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020, author = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael A. and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer}, title = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52597}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525972}, pages = {8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.}, language = {en} }