@article{CasselStollMayer2015,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and Stoll, Josefine and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Tendinopathies of the Lower Extremities in Sport - Diagnostics and Therapy},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0034-1399668},
  pages     = {87 -- 98},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Tendinopathies are frequently the cause of chronic, load-dependent complaints of the lower extremity. Commonly, the large tendons of the ankle and knee joints are affected, especially the Achilles and patellar tendons. Repeated overuse in sports and/or daily activities is assumed as the aetiology. Besides the clinical examination including a comprehensive anamnesis of pain and training/loading, sonographic imaging has a high training/loading relevance for the diagnosis of tendon pathologies of the lower extremity. Training concepts are considered in first line as the treatment of choice. A combination with physical therapy interventions can be useful. In cases of a more severe pathology and long-standing complaints multimodal therapeutic options should be employed. The use of surgical treatment procedures should only be taken into account in case of failed response to conservative treatment.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{CasselMuellerCarlsohnetal.2012,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Carlsohn, Anja and Baur, Heiner and Jerusel, N. and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and interrater variability of sonographic investigations of patella and achilles tendons},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0031-1281839},
  pages     = {21 -- 26},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Clinical examinations of tendon disorders routinely include ultrasound examinations, despite the fact that availability of data concerning validity criteria of these measurements are limited. The present study therefore aims to evaluate the reliability of measurements of Achilles- and Patella tendon diameter and in the detection of structural adaptations. Materials and Methods: In 14 healthy, recreationally active subjects both asymptomatic Achilles (AT) and patella tendons (PT) were measured twice by two examiners in a test-retest design. Besides the detection of anteroposterior (a.p.-) and mediolateral (m.l.-) diameters, areas of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation were registered. Data were analysed descriptively with calculation of test-retest variability (TRV), intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman's plots with bias and 95\% limits of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra- and interrater differences of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameter varied from 0.2 - 1.2 mm, those of AT- and PT-m.l-diameter from 0.7-5.1 mm. Areas of hypoechogenicity were visible in 24\% of the tendons, while 15\% showed neovascularisations. Intrarater AT-a.p.-diameters showed sparse deviations (TRV 4.5-7.4\%; ICC 0.60-0.84; bias -0.05-0.07 mm; LOA-0.6-0.5 to -1.1 - 1.0 mm), while interrater AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters were highly variable (TRV 13.7-19.7\%; ICC 0.11-0.20; bias -1.4-4.3 mm; LOA-5.5-2.7 to -10.5 - 1.9 mm). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the measurement of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameters is a reliable parameter. In contrast, reproducibility of AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters is questionable. The study corroborates the presence of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation in asymptomatic tendons.},
  language  = {de}
}