@article{MacdonaldOteroButler2021,
  author    = {Macdonald, Elena and Otero, Noelia and Butler, Tim},
  title     = {A comparison of long-term trends in observations and emission inventories of NOx},
  series = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1680-7316},
  doi       = {10.5194/acp-21-4007-2021},
  pages     = {4007 -- 4023},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Air pollution is a pressing issue that is associated with adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. Despite many years of effort to improve air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values are still regularly exceeded in Europe, particularly in cities and along streets. This study explores how concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in European urban areas have changed over the last decades and how this relates to changes in emissions. To do so, the incremental approach was used, comparing urban increments (i.e. urban background minus rural concentrations) to total emissions, and roadside increments (i.e. urban roadside concentrations minus urban background concentrations) to traffic emissions. In total, nine European cities were assessed. The study revealed that potentially confounding factors like the impact of urban pollution at rural monitoring sites through atmospheric transport are generally negligible for NOx. The approach proves therefore particularly useful for this pollutant. The estimated urban increments all showed downward trends, and for the majority of the cities the trends aligned well with the total emissions. However, it was found that factors like a very densely populated surrounding or local emission sources in the rural area such as shipping traffic on inland waterways restrict the application of the approach for some cities. The roadside increments showed an overall very diverse picture in their absolute values and trends and also in their relation to traffic emissions. This variability and the discrepancies between roadside increments and emissions could be attributed to a combination of local influencing factors at the street level and different aspects introducing inaccuracies to the trends of the emis-sion inventories used, including deficient emission factors. Applying the incremental approach was evaluated as useful for long-term pan-European studies, but at the same time it was found to be restricted to certain regions and cities due to data availability issues. The results also highlight that using emission inventories for the prediction of future health impacts and compliance with limit values needs to consider the distinct variability in the concentrations not only across but also within cities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@masterthesis{Macdonald2017,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Macdonald, Elena},
  title     = {Stable isotopes in precipitation: Modelling intra-event variations using meteorological parameters},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50661},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-506612},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die kurzfristige Variabilit{\"a}t der Isotopenzusammensetzung von Niederschl{\"a}gen in Golm, Deutschland wurde untersucht und modelliert. Daf{\"u}r wurden Isotopendaten (D/H und 18O/16O) mit einer hohen zeitlichen Aufl{\"o}sung sowie meteorologische Daten von einer Wetterstation und einem Mikroregenradar genutzt. Nach der Datenaufbereitung und dem Zusammenf{\"u}hren aller drei Datens{\"a}tze wurde eine multivariate lineare Regressionsanalyse durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dies geschah f{\"u}r vier verschiedene, auf den Isotopendaten beruhende Response-Variablen und f{\"u}r den gesamten Datensatz sowie f{\"u}r die zwei Teildatens{\"a}tze Sommer und Winter. Die verwendeten Response-Variablen sind die Differenzen der δ18O-Werte zu den ereignisbasierten Mittel- und Medianwerten und die Differenzen der Deuterium-Exzess-Werte zu den ereignisbasierten Mittel- und Medianwerten. F{\"u}r die erhaltenen Modelle wurden die modellierten Werte mit den gemessenen Werten verglichen, wobei sich herausstellte, dass die Messwerte nicht zufriedenstellend wiedergegeben werden konnten. Daher werden am Ende mehrere Vorschl{\"a}ge gemacht, wie das Vorgehen und damit auch das Ergebnis der Modellierung m{\"o}glicherweise verbessert werden kann.},
  language  = {en}
}