@article{KohnenNickelsGeigisetal.2018,
  author    = {Kohnen, Saskia and Nickels, Lyndsey and Geigis, Leonie and Coltheart, Max and McArthur, Genevieve and Castles, Anne},
  title     = {Variations within a subtype},
  series = {Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0010-9452},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.008},
  pages     = {151 -- 163},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Surface dyslexia is characterised by poor reading of irregular words while nonword reading can be completely normal. Previous work has identified several theoretical possibilities for the underlying locus of impairment in surface dyslexia. In this study, we systematically investigated whether children with surface dyslexia showed different patterns of reading performance that could be traced back to different underlying levels of impairment. To do this, we tested 12 English readers, replicating previous work in Hebrew (Gvion \& Friedmann, 2013; 2016; Friedmann \& Lukov, 2008; Friedmann \& Gvion, 2016). In our sample, we found that poor irregular word reading was associated with deficits at the level of the orthographic input lexicon and with impaired access to meaning and spoken word forms after processing written words in the orthographic input lexicon. There were also children whose surface dyslexia seemed to be caused by impairments of the phonological output lexicon. We suggest that further evidence is required to unequivocally support a fourth pattern where the link between orthography and meaning is intact while the link between orthography and spoken word forms is not functioning. All patterns found were consistent with dual route theory while possible patterns of results, which would be inconsistent with dual route theory, were not detected. Crown Copyright (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KrajenbrinkNickelsKohnen2015,
  author    = {Krajenbrink, Trudy and Nickels, Lyndsey and Kohnen, Saskia},
  title     = {Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review},
  series = {Neuropsychological rehabilitation},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Neuropsychological rehabilitation},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0960-2011},
  doi       = {10.1080/09602011.2014.983135},
  pages     = {503 -- 554},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This paper provides a comprehensive review of treatment studies of acquired dysgraphia and the occurrence of generalisation after this treatment. The aim is to examine what determines the occurrence of generalisation by investigating the link between the level of impairment, the method of treatment, and the outcome of therapy. We present the outcomes of treatment with regard to generalisation in 40 treatment studies. We derive general principles of generalisation which provide us with a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation: (1) Direct treatment effects on representations or processes; (2) interactive processing and summation of activation; and (3) strategies and compensatory skills. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the cognitive processes used for spelling. Finally, we provide suggestions for the direction of further research into this important area, as a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation could maximise treatment effects for an individual with acquired dysgraphia.},
  language  = {en}
}