@article{QinHudsonLietal.2019,
  author    = {Qin, Murong and Hudson, Mary and Li, Zhao and Millan, Robyn and Shen, Xiaochen and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Woodger, Leslie and Jaynes, Allison and Kletzing, Craig},
  title     = {Investigating loss of relativistic electrons associated with EMIC Waves at low L values on 22 June 2015},
  series = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2169-9380},
  doi       = {10.1029/2018JA025726},
  pages     = {4022 -- 4036},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this study, rapid loss of relativistic radiation belt electrons at low L* values (2.4-3.2) during a strong geomagnetic storm on 22 June 2015 is investigated along with five possible loss mechanisms. Both the particle and wave data are obtained from the Van Allen Probes. Duskside H+ band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were observed during a rapid decrease of relativistic electrons with energy above 5.2 MeV occurring outside the plasma sphere during extreme magnetopause compression. Lower He+ composition and enriched O+ composition are found compared to typical values assumed in other studies of cyclotron resonant scattering of relativistic electrons by EMIC waves. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that even with the existence of He+ band EMIC waves, it is the H+ band EMIC waves that are likely to cause the depletion at small pitch angles and strong gradients in pitch angle distributions of relativistic electrons with energy above 5.2 MeV at low L values for this event. Very low frequency wave activity at other magnetic local time can be favorable for the loss of relativistic electrons at higher pitch angles. An illustrative calculation that combines the nominal pitch angle scattering rate due to whistler mode chorus at high pitch angles with the H+ band EMIC wave loss rate at low pitch angles produces loss on time scale observed at L = 2.4-3.2. At high L values and lower energies, radial loss to the magnetopause is a viable explanation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RipollLoridanDentonetal.2019,
  author    = {Ripoll, Jean-Francois and Loridan, Vivien and Denton, Michael H. and Cunningham, Gregory and Reeves, G. and Santolik, O. and Fennell, Joseph and Turner, Drew L. and Drozdov, Alexander and Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Thaller, Scott A. and Kurth, William S. and Kletzing, Craig A. and Henderson, Michael G. and Ukhorskiy, Aleksandr Y.},
  title     = {Observations and Fokker-Planck Simulations of the L-Shell, Energy, and Times},
  series = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2169-9380},
  doi       = {10.1029/2018JA026111},
  pages     = {1125 -- 1142},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The evolution of the radiation belts in L-shell (L), energy (E), and equatorial pitch angle (alpha(0)) is analyzed during the calm 11-day interval (4-15 March) following the 1 March 2013 storm. Magnetic Electron and Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) observations from Van Allen Probes are interpreted alongside 1D and 3D Fokker-Planck simulations combined with consistent event-driven scattering modeling from whistler mode hiss waves. Three (L, E, alpha(0)) regions persist through 11 days of hiss wave scattering; the pitch angle-dependent inner belt core (L similar to <2.2 and E < 700 keV), pitch angle homogeneous outer belt low-energy core (L > similar to 5 and E similar to < 100 keV), and a distinct pocket of electrons (L similar to [4.5, 5.5] and E similar to [0.7, 2] MeV). The pitch angle homogeneous outer belt is explained by the diffusion coefficients that are roughly constant for alpha(0) similar to <60 degrees, E > 100 keV, 3.5 < L < L-pp similar to 6. Thus, observed unidirectional flux decays can be used to estimate local pitch angle diffusion rates in that region. Top-hat distributions are computed and observed at L similar to 3-3.5 and E = 100-300 keV.},
  language  = {en}
}