@article{GoetzChmielewskiGoedekeetal.2017, author = {Goetz, Klaus-Peter and Chmielewski, Frank M. and Goedeke, Kristin and Wolf, Kristine and Jander, Elisabeth and Sievers, Steven and Homann, Thomas and Huschek, Gerd and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal}, title = {Assessment of amino acids during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium. L.)}, series = {Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science}, volume = {222}, journal = {Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-4238}, doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.001}, pages = {102 -- 110}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This study examined changes in sweet cherry buds of 'Summit' cultivar in four seasons (2011/12-2014/15) with respect to the nitrogen (N) content and the profile of eight free amino acids (asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), isoleucine (Ile), glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), histidine (His)). The presented results are to our knowledge the first under natural conditions in fruit tree orchards with a high temporal resolution from the dormant stage until cluster development. The N content in the buds from October, during endo- and ecodormancy until the beginning of ontogenetic development was a relatively stable parameter in each of the four seasons. The N accumulation into the buds began after 'swollen bud' and significant differences were visible at 'green tip' with an N content of 3.24, 3.12, 3.08, 2.40 which increased markedly to the mean of 'tight' and 'open cluster' by 3.77\%, 3.78\%, 3.44\% and 3.10\% in 2012-2015, respectively. In the buds, levels of asparagine were higher (up to 44 mg g\&\#8722;1 DW\&\#8722;1) than aspartic acid (up to 2 mg g\&\#8722;1 DW\&\#8722;1) and aspartic acid higher than isoleucine (up to 0.83 mg g\&\#8722;1 DW\&\#8722;1). Levels of glutamine were higher (up to 25 mg g\&\#8722;1 DW\&\#8722;1) than glutamic acid (up to 20 mg g\&\#8722;1 DW\&\#8722;1). The course of the arginine content was higher in 2011/12 compared to 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed only slight differences. The alanine content in the buds was denoted in the four seasons only by relatively minor changes. The histidine content was higher in 2011/12 and 2012/13 compared to 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed a comparable pattern. For 6 amino acids (Asn, Asp, Ile, Glu, Arg, Ala), the highest content was observed in 2012/13, the warmest period between swollen bud and open cluster. However in 2014/15, the season with the lowest mean temperature of 8.8 °C, only the content of Gln was the lowest. It was not possible to explain any seasonal differences in the amino acid content by environmental factors (air temperature) on the basis of few seasons. From none of the measured free amino acids could a clear determination of the date of endodormancy release (t1) or the beginning of the ontogenetic development (t1*) be derived. Therefore, these amino acids are no suitable markers to improve phenological models for the beginning of cherry blossom.}, language = {en} } @article{BardenRixSomervilleetal.2005, author = {Barden, Marco and Rix, Hans-Walter and Somerville, Rachel S. and Bell, Eric F. and H{\"a}ußler, Boris and Peng, Chen Y. and Borch, Andrea and Beckwith, Steven V. W. and Caldwell, John A. R. and Heymans, Catherine and Jahnke, Knud and Jogee, Shardha and McIntosh, Daniel H. and Meisenheimer, Klaus and Sanchez, Sebastian F. and Wisotzki, Lutz and Wolf, C.}, title = {GEMS : the surface brightness and surface mass density evolution of disk galaxies}, year = {2005}, abstract = {We combine HST imaging from the GEMS ( Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs) survey with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 to explore the evolution of disk-dominated galaxies since z less than or similar to 1.1. The sample is composed of all GEMS galaxies with Sersic indices n < 2.5, derived from fits to the galaxy images. We account fully for selection effects through careful analysis of image simulations; we are limited by the depth of the redshift and HST data to the study of galaxies with M-V less than or similar to -20, or equivalently, log (M/M-circle dot) greater than or similar to 10. We find strong evolution in the magnitude-size scaling relation for galaxies with M-V less than or similar to -20, corresponding to a brightening of similar to 1 mag arcsec(-2) in rest-frame V band by z similar to 1. Yet disks at a given absolute magnitude are bluer and have lower stellar mass-to-light ratios at z similar to 1 than at the present day. As a result, our findings indicate weak or no evolution in the relation between stellar mass and effective disk size for galaxies with log (M/M-circle dot) greater than or similar to 10 over the same time interval. This is strongly inconsistent with the most naive theoretical expectation, in which disk size scales in proportion to the halo virial radius, which would predict that disks are a factor of 2 denser at fixed mass at z similar to 1. The lack of evolution in the stellar mass-size relation is consistent with an "inside-out'' growth of galaxy disks on average (galaxies increasing in size as they grow more massive), although we cannot rule out more complex evolutionary scenarios}, language = {en} } @article{JahnkeSanchezWisotzkietal.2004, author = {Jahnke, Knud and Sanchez, Sebastian F. and Wisotzki, Lutz and Barden, Marco and Beckwith, Steven V. W. and Bell, Eric F. and Borch, Andrea and Caldwell, John A. R. and H{\"a}ußler, Boris and Heymans, Catherine and Jogee, Shardha and McIntosh, Daniel H. and Meisenheimer, Klaus and Peng, Chen Y. and Rix, Hans-Walter and Somerville, Rachel S. and Wolf, C.}, title = {Ultraviolet light from young stars in GEMS quasar host galaxies at 1.8 < z < 2.75}, issn = {0004-637X}, year = {2004}, abstract = {We have performed Hubble Space Telescope imaging of a sample of 23 high-redshift (1.8