@article{AllanBossdorfDormannetal.2014, author = {Allan, Eric and Bossdorf, Oliver and Dormann, Carsten F. and Prati, Daniel and Gossner, Martin M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Bellach, Michaela and Birkhofer, Klaus and Boch, Steffen and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and B{\"o}rschig, Carmen and Chatzinotas, Antonis and Christ, Sabina and Daniel, Rolf and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Fischer, Christiane and Friedl, Thomas and Glaser, Karin and Hallmann, Christine and Hodac, Ladislav and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Krauss, Jochen and Lange, Markus and Morris, E. Kathryn and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Nacke, Heiko and Pasalic, Esther and Rillig, Matthias C. and Rothenwoehrer, Christoph and Schally, Peter and Scherber, Christoph and Schulze, Waltraud X. and Socher, Stephanie A. and Steckel, Juliane and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weiner, Christiane N. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Gockel, Sonja and Gorke, Martin and Hemp, Andreas and Renner, Swen C. and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Pfeiffer, Simone and K{\"o}nig-Ries, Birgitta and Buscot, Francois and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {111}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {1}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312213111}, pages = {308 -- 313}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18\% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31\% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.}, language = {en} } @article{HofmanHaywardHeimetal.2019, author = {Hofman, Maarten P. G. and Hayward, M. W. and Heim, M. and Marchand, P. and Rolandsen, C. M. and Mattisson, Jenny and Urbano, F. and Heurich, M. and Mysterud, A. and Melzheimer, J. and Morellet, N. and Voigt, Ulrich and Allen, B. L. and Gehr, Benedikt and Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos and Ullmann, Wiebke and Holand, O. and Jorgensen, n H. and Steinheim, G. and Cagnacci, F. and Kroeschel, M. and Kaczensky, P. and Buuveibaatar, B. and Payne, J. C. and Palmegiani, I and Jerina, K. and Kjellander, P. and Johansson, O. and LaPoint, S. and Bayrakcismith, R. and Linnell, J. D. C. and Zaccaroni, M. and Jorge, M. L. S. and Oshima, J. E. F. and Songhurst, A. and Fischer, C. and Mc Bride, R. T. and Thompson, J. J. and Streif, S. and Sandfort, R. and Bonenfant, Christophe and Drouilly, M. and Klapproth, M. and Zinner, Dietmar and Yarnell, Richard and Stronza, A. and Wilmott, L. and Meisingset, E. and Thaker, Maria and Vanak, A. T. and Nicoloso, S. and Graeber, R. and Said, S. and Boudreau, M. R. and Devlin, A. and Hoogesteijn, R. and May-Junior, J. A. and Nifong, J. C. and Odden, J. and Quigley, H. B. and Tortato, F. and Parker, D. M. and Caso, A. and Perrine, J. and Tellaeche, C. and Zieba, F. and Zwijacz-Kozica, T. and Appel, C. L. and Axsom, I and Bean, W. T. and Cristescu, B. and Periquet, S. and Teichman, K. J. and Karpanty, S. and Licoppe, A. and Menges, V and Black, K. and Scheppers, Thomas L. and Schai-Braun, S. C. and Azevedo, F. C. and Lemos, F. G. and Payne, A. and Swanepoel, L. H. and Weckworth, B. and Berger, A. and Bertassoni, Alessandra and McCulloch, G. and Sustr, P. and Athreya, V and Bockmuhl, D. and Casaer, J. and Ekori, A. and Melovski, D. and Richard-Hansen, C. and van de Vyver, D. and Reyna-Hurtado, R. and Robardet, E. and Selva, N. and Sergiel, A. and Farhadinia, M. S. and Sunde, P. and Portas, R. and Ambarli, H{\"u}seyin and Berzins, R. and Kappeler, P. M. and Mann, G. K. and Pyritz, L. and Bissett, C. and Grant, T. and Steinmetz, R. and Swedell, Larissa and Welch, R. J. and Armenteras, D. and Bidder, O. R. and Gonzalez, T. M. and Rosenblatt, A. and Kachel, S. and Balkenhol, N.}, title = {Right on track?}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {14}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216223}, pages = {26}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48\% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.}, language = {en} } @misc{AdamBovend'EerdtDoorenetal.2012, author = {Adam, Jos J. and Bovend'Eerdt, Thamar J. H. and Dooren, Fleur E. P. van and Fischer, Martin H. and Pratt, Jay}, title = {The closer the better}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {607}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43296}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432963}, pages = {1533 -- 1538}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A growing literature has suggested that processing of visual information presented near the hands is facilitated. In this study, we investigated whether the near-hands superiority effect also occurs with the hands moving. In two experiments, participants performed a cyclical bimanual movement task requiring concurrent visual identification of briefly presented letters. For both the static and dynamic hand conditions, the results showed improved letter recognition performance with the hands closer to the stimuli. The finding that the encoding advantage for near-hand stimuli also occurred with the hands moving suggests that the effect is regulated in real time, in accordance with the concept of a bimodal neural system that dynamically updates hand position in external space.}, language = {en} } @article{ZaldenQuirinSchumacheretal.2019, author = {Zalden, Peter and Quirin, Florian and Schumacher, Mathias and Siegel, Jan and Wei, Shuai and Koc, Azize and Nicoul, Matthieu and Trigo, Mariano and Andreasson, Pererik and Enquist, Henrik and Shu, Michael J. and Pardini, Tommaso and Chollet, Matthieu and Zhu, Diling and Lemke, Henrik and Ronneberger, Ider and Larsson, J{\"o}rgen and Lindenberg, Aaron M. and Fischer, Henry E. and Hau-Riege, Stefan and Reis, David A. and Mazzarello, Riccardo and Wuttig, Matthias and Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus}, title = {Femtosecond x-ray diffraction reveals a liquid-liquid phase transition in phase-change materials}, series = {Science}, volume = {364}, journal = {Science}, number = {6445}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.aaw1773}, pages = {1062 -- 1067}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In phase-change memory devices, a material is cycled between glassy and crystalline states. The highly temperature-dependent kinetics of its crystallization process enables application in memory technology, but the transition has not been resolved on an atomic scale. Using femtosecond x-ray diffraction and ab initio computer simulations, we determined the time-dependent pair-correlation function of phase-change materials throughout the melt-quenching and crystallization process. We found a liquid-liquid phase transition in the phase-change materials Ag4In3Sb67Te26 and Ge15Sb85 at 660 and 610 kelvin, respectively. The transition is predominantly caused by the onset of Peierls distortions, the amplitude of which correlates with an increase of the apparent activation energy of diffusivity. This reveals a relationship between atomic structure and kinetics, enabling a systematic optimization of the memory-switching kinetics.}, language = {en} } @article{RieseKulgemeyerZanderetal.2015, author = {Riese, Josef and Kulgemeyer, Christoph and Zander, Simon and Borowski, Andreas and Fischer, Hans E. and Gramzow, Yvonne and Reinhold, Peter and Schecker, Horst and Tomczyszyn, Elisabeth}, title = {Modeling and Measurement of Professional Knowledge in Physics Teacher Training}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, publisher = {Beltz}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0044-3247}, pages = {55 -- 79}, year = {2015}, abstract = {For improving teacher education, there has been an increasing interest in describing teachers' professional competencies and their development in the course of implementing educational programs. The focus of the present project is on modeling and measuring domain-specific and generic competencies that future physics teachers acquire during their university studies. The model comprises characteristics and relationships between physics content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and skills for explaining physics phenomena. Based on the model, assessment instruments were developed and applied as paper-and-pencil-tests and videotaped expert-novice dialogues for measuring the competencies in a large sample of physics student teachers. Trials and validation suggest that our instruments are valid in terms of content and construct validities.}, language = {de} } @article{KirschnerBorowskiFischeretal.2016, author = {Kirschner, Sophie and Borowski, Andreas and Fischer, Hans E. and Gess-Newsome, Julie and von Aufschnaiter, Claudia}, title = {Developing and evaluating a paper-and-pencil test to assess components}, series = {International journal of science education}, volume = {38}, journal = {International journal of science education}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0950-0693}, doi = {10.1080/09500693.2016.1190479}, pages = {1343 -- 1372}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Teachers' professional knowledge is assumed to be a key variable for effective teaching. As teacher education has the goal to enhance professional knowledge of current and future teachers, this knowledge should be described and assessed. Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies quantitatively measures physics teachers' professional knowledge. The study reported in this paper was part of a bigger project with the broader goal of understanding teacher professional knowledge. We designed a test instrument to assess the professional knowledge of physics teachers (N = 186) in the dimensions of content knowledge (CK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and pedagogical knowledge (PK). A model describing the relationships between these three dimensions of professional knowledge was created to inform the design of the tests used to measure CK, PCK, and PK. In this paper, we describe the model with particular emphasis on the PCK part, and the subsequent PCK test development and its implementation in detail. We report different approaches to evaluate the PCK test, including the description of content validity, the examination of the internal structure of professional knowledge, and the analysis of construct validity by testing teachers across different school subjects, teachers from different school types, pre-service teachers, and physicists. Our findings demonstrate that our PCK test results could distinguish physics teachers from the other groups tested. The PCK test results could not be explained by teachers' CK or PK, cognitive abilities, computational skills, or science knowledge.}, language = {en} } @article{AdamBovend'EerdtvanDoorenetal.2012, author = {Adam, Jos J. and Bovend'Eerdt, Thamar J. H. and van Dooren, Fleur E. P. and Fischer, Martin H. and Pratt, Jay}, title = {The closer the better hand proximity dynamically affects letter recognition accuracy}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {74}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-012-0339-3}, pages = {1533 -- 1538}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A growing literature has suggested that processing of visual information presented near the hands is facilitated. In this study, we investigated whether the near-hands superiority effect also occurs with the hands moving. In two experiments, participants performed a cyclical bimanual movement task requiring concurrent visual identification of briefly presented letters. For both the static and dynamic hand conditions, the results showed improved letter recognition performance with the hands closer to the stimuli. The finding that the encoding advantage for near-hand stimuli also occurred with the hands moving suggests that the effect is regulated in real time, in accordance with the concept of a bimodal neural system that dynamically updates hand position in external space.}, language = {en} } @article{AllanManningAltetal.2015, author = {Allan, Eric and Manning, Pete and Alt, Fabian and Binkenstein, Julia and Blaser, Stefan and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and Grassein, Fabrice and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Morris, E. Kathryn and Oelmann, Yvonne and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen C. and Rillig, Matthias C. and Schaefer, Martin and Schloter, Michael and Schmitt, Barbara and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Solly, Emily and Sorkau, Elisabeth and Steckel, Juliane and Steffen-Dewenter, Ingolf and Stempfhuber, Barbara and Tschapka, Marco and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Ecology letters}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/ele.12469}, pages = {834 -- 843}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Global change, especially land-use intensification, affects human well-being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real-world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land-use objectives. We found that indirect land-use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land-use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land-use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast-growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.}, language = {en} } @article{SoliveresvanderPlasManningetal.2016, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and van der Plas, Fons and Manning, Peter and Prati, Daniel and Gossner, Martin M. and Renner, Swen C. and Alt, Fabian and Arndt, Hartmut and Baumgartner, Vanessa and Binkenstein, Julia and Birkhofer, Klaus and Blaser, Stefan and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Boch, Steffen and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and B{\"o}rschig, Carmen and Buscot, Francois and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Heinze, Johannes and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Klemmer, Sandra and Krauss, Jochen and Lange, Markus and Morris, E. Kathryn and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Oelmann, Yvonne and Overmann, J{\"o}rg and Pasalic, Esther and Rillig, Matthias C. and Schaefer, H. Martin and Schloter, Michael and Schmitt, Barbara and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Sikorski, Johannes and Socher, Stephanie A. and Solly, Emily F. and Sonnemann, Ilja and Sorkau, Elisabeth and Steckel, Juliane and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Stempfhuber, Barbara and Tschapka, Marco and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Venter, Paul C. and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Wurst, Susanne and Fischer, Markus and Allan, Eric}, title = {Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, volume = {536}, journal = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/nature19092}, pages = {456 -- +}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{GonzalezManriqueKuckeinPastorYabaretal.2016, author = {Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier and Kuckein, Christoph and Pastor Yabar, A. and Collados Vera, M. and Denker, Carsten and Fischer, C. E. and G{\"o}m{\"o}ry, P. and Diercke, Andrea and Gonzalez, N. Bello and Schlichenmaier, R. and Balthasar, H. and Berkefeld, T. and Feller, A. and Hoch, S. and Hofmann, A. and Kneer, F. and Lagg, A. and Nicklas, H. and Orozco Suarez, D. and Schmidt, D. and Schmidt, W. and Sigwarth, M. and Sobotka, M. and Solanki, S. K. and Soltau, D. and Staude, J. and Strassmeier, Klaus G. and Verma, Meetu and Volkmer, R. and von der L{\"u}he, O. and Waldmann, T.}, title = {Fitting peculiar spectral profiles in He I 10830 angstrom absorption features}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {337}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.201512433}, pages = {1057 -- 1063}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The new generation of solar instruments provides better spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for a better understanding of the physical processes that take place on the Sun. Multiple-component profiles are more commonly observed with these instruments. Particularly, the He i 10830 triplet presents such peculiar spectral profiles, which give information on the velocity and magnetic fine structure of the upper chromosphere. The purpose of this investigation is to describe a technique to efficiently fit the two blended components of the He i 10830 triplet, which are commonly observed when two atmospheric components are located within the same resolution element. The observations used in this study were taken on 2015 April 17 with the very fast spectroscopic mode of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) attached to the 1.5-m GREGOR solar telescope, located at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We apply a double-Lorentzian fitting technique using Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares minimization. This technique is very simple and much faster than inversion codes. Line-of-sight Doppler velocities can be inferred for a whole map of pixels within just a few minutes. Our results show sub-and supersonic downflow velocities of up to 32 km s(-1) for the fast component in the vicinity of footpoints of filamentary structures. The slow component presents velocities close to rest. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH\& Co. KGaA, Weinheim}, language = {en} } @article{VermaDenkerBoehmetal.2016, author = {Verma, Meetu and Denker, Carsten and B{\"o}hm, F. and Balthasar, H. and Fischer, C. E. and Kuckein, Christoph and Gonzalez, N. Bello and Berkefeld, T. and Collados Vera, M. and Diercke, Andrea and Feller, A. and Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier and Hofmann, A. and Lagg, A. and Nicklas, H. and Orozco Suarez, D. and Pator Yabar, A. and Rezaei, R. and Schlichenmaier, R. and Schmidt, D. and Schmidt, W. and Sigwarth, M. and Sobotka, M. and Solanki, S. K. and Soltau, D. and Staude, J. and Strassmeier, Klaus G. and Volkmer, R. and von der L{\"u}he, O. and Waldmann, T.}, title = {Flow and magnetic field properties in the trailing sunspots of active region NOAA 12396}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {337}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.201612447}, pages = {1090 -- 1098}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Improved measurements of the photospheric and chromospheric three-dimensional magnetic and flow fields are crucial for a precise determination of the origin and evolution of active regions. We present an illustrative sample of multi-instrument data acquired during a two-week coordinated observing campaign in August 2015 involving, among others, the GREGOR solar telescope (imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy) and the space missions Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The observations focused on the trailing part of active region NOAA 12396 with complex polarity inversion lines and strong intrusions of opposite polarity flux. The GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) provided Stokes IQUV spectral profiles in the photospheric Si i.1082.7 nm line, the chromospheric He I lambda 1083.0 nm triplet, and the photospheric Ca I lambda 1083.9 nm line. Carefully calibrated GRIS scans of the active region provided maps of Doppler velocity and magnetic field at different atmospheric heights. We compare quick-look maps with those obtained with the " Stokes Inversions based on Response functions" (SIR) code, which furnishes deeper insight into the magnetic properties of the region. We find supporting evidence that newly emerging flux and intruding opposite polarity flux are hampering the formation of penumbrae, i.e., a penumbra fully surrounding a sunspot is only expected after cessation of flux emergence in proximity to the sunspots. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH\& Co.KGaA, Weinheim}, language = {en} } @article{AchillesFinkFischeretal.2016, author = {Achilles, E. I. S. and Fink, G. R. and Fischer, Martin H. and Dovern, A. and Held, A. and Timpert, D. C. and Schroeter, C. and Schuetz, K. and Kloetzsch, C. and Weiss, P. H.}, title = {Effect of meaning on apraxic finger imitation deficits}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {82}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.022}, pages = {74 -- 83}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Apraxia typically results from left-hemispheric (LH), but also from right-hemispheric (RH) stroke, and often impairs gesture imitation. Especially in LH stroke, it is important to differentiate apraxia-induced gesture imitation deficits from those due to co-morbid aphasia and associated semantic deficits, possibly influencing the imitation of meaningful (MF) gestures. To explore this issue, we first investigated if the 10 supposedly meaningless (ML) gestures of a widely used finger imitation test really carry no meaning, or if the test also contains MF gestures, by asking healthy subjects (n=45) to classify these gestures as MF or ML. Most healthy subjects (98\%) classified three of the 10 gestures as clearly MF. Only two gestures were considered predominantly ML. We next assessed how imitation in stroke patients (255 LH, 113 RH stroke) is influenced by gesture meaning and how aphasia influences imitation of LH stroke patients (n=208). All patients and especially patients with imitation deficits (17\% of LH, 27\% of RH stroke patients) imitated MF gestures significantly better than ML gestures. Importantly, meaningfulness-scores of all 10 gestures significantly predicted imitation scores of patients with imitation deficits. Furthermore, especially in LH stroke patients with imitation deficits, the severity of aphasia significantly influenced the imitation of MF, but not ML gestures. Our findings in a large patient cohort support current cognitive models of imitation and strongly suggest that ML gestures are particularly sensitive to detect imitation deficits while minimising confounding effects of aphasia which affect the imitation of MF gestures in LH stroke patients. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{HairstonHoltmeierLampertetal.2001, author = {Hairston, Nelson G. and Holtmeier, C. L. and Lampert, W. and Weider, L. J. and Post, D. M. and Fischer, J. M. and Caceres, C. E. and Fox, J. A. and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {Natural selection for grazer resistance to toxic cyanobacteria: Evolution of phenotypic plasticity?}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{BouaklineFischerSaalfrank2019, author = {Bouakline, Foudhil and Fischer, E. W. and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {A quantum-mechanical tier model for phonon-driven vibrational relaxation dynamics of adsorbates at surfaces}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {150}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {24}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.5099902}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We present a quantum-mechanical tier model for vibrational relaxation of low-lying excited states of an adsorbate vibrational mode (system), coupled to surface phonons (bath), at zero temperature. The tier model, widely used in studies of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in polyatomics, is adapted here to adsorbate-surface systems with the help of an embedded cluster approach, using orthogonal coordinates for the system and bath modes, and a phononic expansion of their interaction. The key idea of the model is to organize the system-bath zeroth-order vibrational space into a hierarchical structure of vibrational tiers and keep therein only vibrational states that are sequentially generated from the system-bath initial vibrational state. Each tier is generated from the previous one by means of a successor operator, derived from the system-bath interaction Hamiltonian. This sequential procedure leads to a drastic reduction of the dimension of the system-bath vibrational space. We notably show that for harmonic vibrational motion of the system and linear system-bath couplings in the system coordinate, the dimension of the tier-model vibrational basis scales as similar to N-lxv. Here, N is the number of bath modes, l is the highest-order of the phononic expansion, and l is the size of the system vibrational basis. This polynomial scaling is computationally far superior to the exponential scaling of the original zeroth-order vibrational basis, similar to M-N, with M being the number of basis functions per bath mode. In addition, since each tier is coupled only to its adjacent neighbors, the matrix representation of the system-bath Hamiltonian in this new vibrational basis has a symmetric block-tridiagonal form, with each block being very sparse. This favors the combination of the tier-model with iterative Krylov techniques, such as the Lanczos algorithm, to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the full Hamiltonian. To illustrate the method, we study vibrational relaxation of a D-Si bending mode, coupled via two-and (mainly) one-phonon interactions to a fully D-covered Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface, using a recent first-principles system-bath Hamiltonian. The results of the tier model are compared with those obtained by the Lindblad formalism of the reduced density matrix. We find that the tier model provides much more information and insight into mechanisms of vibration-phonon couplings at surfaces, and gives more reliable estimates of the adsorbate vibrational lifetimes. Moreover, the tier model might also serve as a benchmark for other approximate quantum-dynamics methods, such as multiconfiguration wavefunction approaches. Published under license by AIP Publishing.}, language = {en} } @article{LozadaGobilardWeigendFischeretal.2019, author = {Lozada Gobilard, Sissi Donna and Weigend, M. and Fischer, E. and Janssens, S. B. and Ackermann, M. and Abrahamczyk, Stefan}, title = {Breeding systems in Balsaminaceae in relation to pollen/ovule ratio, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone}, series = {Plant biology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Plant biology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1435-8603}, doi = {10.1111/plb.12905}, pages = {157 -- 166}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios are often used as proxy for breeding systems. Here, we investigate the relations between breeding systems and P/O ratios, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone in Balsaminaceae. We conducted controlled breeding system experiments (autonomous and active self-pollination and outcrossing tests) for 65 Balsaminaceae species, analysed pollen grain and ovule numbers and evaluated the results in combination with data on pollination syndrome, life history and climate zone on a phylogenetic basis. Based on fruit set, we assigned three breeding systems: autogamy, self-compatibility and self-incompatibility. Self-pollination led to lower fruit set than outcrossing. We neither found significant P/O differences between breeding systems nor between pollination syndromes. However, the numbers of pollen grains and ovules per flower were significantly lower in autogamous species, but pollen grain and ovule numbers did not differ between most pollination syndromes. Finally, we found no relation between breeding system and climate zone, but a relation between climate zone and life history. In Balsaminaceae reproductive traits can change under resource or pollinator limitation, leading to the evolution of autogamy, but are evolutionary rather constant and not under strong selection pressure by pollinator guild and geographic range changes. Colonisation of temperate regions, however, is correlated with transitions towards annual life history. Pollen/ovule-ratios, commonly accepted as good indicators of breeding system, have a low predictive value in Balsaminaceae. In the absence of experimental data on breeding system, additional floral traits (overall pollen grain and ovule number, traits of floral morphology) may be used as proxies.}, language = {en} } @misc{ThulinKrahMeyeretal.2018, author = {Thulin, Mirjam and Krah, Markus and Meyer, Michael A. and Schorsch, Ismar and Brodt, Eliezer and Sariel, Eliezer and Yedidya, Asaf and Esther, Solomon and Kessler, Samuel J. and Bratkin, Dimitri and Sax, Benjamin E. and Stair, Rose and Ariel, Yaakov S. and Weidner, Daniel and Ebert, Sophia and Martini, Annett and Fischer, Bernd and Th{\"u}ne, Eva-Maria and Bock, Dennis and Engelmann, Jonas and Aust, Cornelia and Walter, Nancy}, title = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien = Cultures of Wissenschaft des Judentums at 200}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, number = {24}, editor = {Krah, Markus and Thulin, Mirjam and Pick, Bianca}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-440-1}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414943}, pages = {280}, year = {2018}, abstract = {PaRDeS, the journal of the German Association for Jewish Studies, aims at exploring the fruitful and multifarious cultures of Judaism as well as their relations to their environment within diverse areas of research. In addition, the journal promotes Jewish Studies within academic discourse and reflects on its historic and social responsibilities.}, language = {en} } @article{SoliveresManningPratietal.2016, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and Manning, Peter and Prati, Daniel and Gossner, Martin M. and Alt, Fabian and Arndt, Hartmut and Baumgartner, Vanessa and Binkenstein, Julia and Birkhofer, Klaus and Blaser, Stefan and Bluethgen, Nico and Boch, Steffen and Boehm, Stefan and Boerschig, Carmen and Buscot, Francois and Diekoetter, Tim and Heinze, Johannes and Hoelzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klaus, Valentin H. and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Kleinebecker, Till and Klemmer, Sandra and Krauss, Jochen and Lange, Markus and Morris, E. Kathryn and Mueller, Joerg and Oelmann, Yvonne and Overmann, J{\"o}rg and Pasalic, Esther and Renner, Swen C. and Rillig, Matthias C. and Schaefer, H. Martin and Schloter, Michael and Schmitt, Barbara and Schoening, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Sikorski, Johannes and Socher, Stephanie A. and Solly, Emily F. and Sonnemann, Ilja and Sorkau, Elisabeth and Steckel, Juliane and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Stempfhuber, Barbara and Tschapka, Marco and Tuerke, Manfred and Venter, Paul and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Wurst, Susanne and Fischer, Markus and Allan, Eric}, title = {Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {371}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2015.0269}, pages = {3175 -- 3185}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6\% of the species tested. Species specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.}, language = {en} }