@article{MeyerPtacnikHillebrandetal.2017, author = {Meyer, Sebastian Tobias and Ptacnik, Robert and Hillebrand, Helmut and Bessler, Holger and Buchmann, Nina and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Engels, Christof and Fischer, Markus and Halle, Stefan and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Oelmann, Yvonne and Roscher, Christiane and Rottstock, Tanja and Scherber, Christoph and Scheu, Stefan and Schmid, Bernhard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Temperton, Vicky M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Voigt, Winfried and Weigelt, Alexandra and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, title = {Biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships depend on identity and number of measured functions}, series = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-334X}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0391-4}, pages = {44 -- 49}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Biodiversity ensures ecosystem functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services, but it remains unclear how biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships depend on the identity and number of functions considered. Here, we demonstrate that ecosystem multifunctionality, based on 82 indicator variables of ecosystem functions in a grassland biodiversity experiment, increases strongly with increasing biodiversity. Analysing subsets of functions showed that the effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality were stronger when more functions were included and that the strength of the biodiversity effects depended on the identity of the functions included. Limits to multifunctionality arose from negative correlations among functions and functions that were not correlated with biodiversity. Our findings underline that the management of ecosystems for the protection of biodiversity cannot be replaced by managing for particular ecosystem functions or services and emphasize the need for specific management to protect biodiversity. More plant species from the experimental pool of 60 species contributed to functioning when more functions were considered. An individual contribution to multifunctionality could be demonstrated for only a fraction of the species.}, language = {en} } @article{AllanWeisserFischeretal.2013, author = {Allan, Eric and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Fischer, Markus and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weigelt, Alexandra and Roscher, Christiane and Baade, Jussi and Barnard, Romain L. and Bessler, Holger and Buchmann, Nina and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Engels, Christof and Fergus, Alexander J. F. and Gleixner, Gerd and Gubsch, Marlen and Halle, Stefan and Klein, Alexandra Maria and Kertscher, Ilona and Kuu, Annely and Lange, Markus and Le Roux, Xavier and Meyer, Sebastian T. and Migunova, Varvara D. and Milcu, Alexandru and Niklaus, Pascal A. and Oelmann, Yvonne and Pasalic, Esther and Petermann, Jana S. and Poly, Franck and Rottstock, Tanja and Sabais, Alexander C. W. and Scherber, Christoph and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Scheu, Stefan and Steinbeiss, Sibylle and Schwichtenberg, Guido and Temperton, Vicky and Tscharntke, Teja and Voigt, Winfried and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Wirth, Christian and Schmid, Bernhard}, title = {A comparison of the strength of biodiversity effects across multiple functions}, series = {Oecologia}, volume = {173}, journal = {Oecologia}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0029-8549}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-012-2589-0}, pages = {223 -- 237}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In order to predict which ecosystem functions are most at risk from biodiversity loss, meta-analyses have generalised results from biodiversity experiments over different sites and ecosystem types. In contrast, comparing the strength of biodiversity effects across a large number of ecosystem processes measured in a single experiment permits more direct comparisons. Here, we present an analysis of 418 separate measures of 38 ecosystem processes. Overall, 45 \% of processes were significantly affected by plant species richness, suggesting that, while diversity affects a large number of processes not all respond to biodiversity. We therefore compared the strength of plant diversity effects between different categories of ecosystem processes, grouping processes according to the year of measurement, their biogeochemical cycle, trophic level and compartment (above- or belowground) and according to whether they were measures of biodiversity or other ecosystem processes, biotic or abiotic and static or dynamic. Overall, and for several individual processes, we found that biodiversity effects became stronger over time. Measures of the carbon cycle were also affected more strongly by plant species richness than were the measures associated with the nitrogen cycle. Further, we found greater plant species richness effects on measures of biodiversity than on other processes. The differential effects of plant diversity on the various types of ecosystem processes indicate that future research and political effort should shift from a general debate about whether biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functions to focussing on the specific functions of interest and ways to preserve them individually or in combination.}, language = {en} } @article{EngelsMedeirosAxfordetal.2020, author = {Engels, Stefan and Medeiros, Andrew S. and Axford, Yarrow and Brooks, Steve and Heiri, Oliver and Luoto, Tomi P. and Nazarova, Larisa B. and Porinchu, David F. and Quinlan, Roberto and Self, Angela E.}, title = {Temperature change as a driver of spatial patterns and long-term trends in chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) diversity}, series = {Global change biology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Global change biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1354-1013}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14862}, pages = {1155 -- 1169}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Anthropogenic activities have led to a global decline in biodiversity, and monitoring studies indicate that both insect communities and wetland ecosystems are particularly affected. However, there is a need for long-term data (over centennial or millennial timescales) to better understand natural community dynamics and the processes that govern the observed trends. Chironomids (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) are often the most abundant insects in lake ecosystems, sensitive to environmental change, and, because their larval exoskeleton head capsules preserve well in lake sediments, they provide a unique record of insect community dynamics through time. Here, we provide the results of a metadata analysis of chironomid diversity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, we analyse spatial trends in chironomid diversity using Northern Hemispheric data sets overall consisting of 837 lakes. Our results indicate that in most of our data sets, summer temperature (T-jul) is strongly associated with spatial trends in modern-day chironomid diversity. We observe a strong increase in chironomid alpha diversity with increasing T-jul in regions with present-day T-jul between 2.5 and 14 degrees C. In some areas with T-jul > 14 degrees C, chironomid diversity stabilizes or declines. Second, we demonstrate that the direction and amplitude of change in alpha diversity in a compilation of subfossil chironomid records spanning the last glacial-interglacial transition (similar to 15,000-11,000 years ago) are similar to those observed in our modern data. A compilation of Holocene records shows that during phases when the amplitude of temperature change was small, site-specific factors had a greater influence on the chironomid fauna obscuring the chironomid diversity-temperature relationship. Our results imply expected overall chironomid diversity increases in colder regions such as the Arctic under sustained global warming, but with complex and not necessarily predictable responses for individual sites.}, language = {en} } @article{ScherberEisenhauerWeisseretal.2010, author = {Scherber, Christoph and Eisenhauer, Nico and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Schmid, Bernhard and Voigt, Winfried and Fischer, Markus and Schukze, Ernst-Detlef and Roscher, Christiane and Weigelt, Alexandra and Allan, Eric and Beßler, Holger and Bonkowski, Michael and Buchmann, Nina and Buscot, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Clement, Lars W. and Ebeling, Anne and Engels, Christof and Halle, Stefan and Kertscher, Ilona and Klein, Alexandra Maria and Koller, Robert and K{\"o}nig, Stephan and Kowalski, Esther and Kummer, Volker and Kuu, Annely and Lange, Markus and Lauterbach, Dirk}, title = {Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment}, issn = {0028-0836}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{PlikkEngelsLuotoetal.2019, author = {Plikk, Anna and Engels, Stefan and Luoto, Tomi P. and Nazarova, Larisa B. and Salonen, J. Sakari and Helmens, Karin F.}, title = {Chironomid-based temperature reconstruction for the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) at Sokli, northeast Finland}, series = {Journal of paleolimnology}, volume = {61}, journal = {Journal of paleolimnology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0921-2728}, doi = {10.1007/s10933-018-00064-y}, pages = {355 -- 371}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Last Interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) can be considered a test-bed for climate dynamics under a warmer-than-present climate. In this study we present a chironomid record from the high latitude Sokli site (N Finland), where a long continuous sediment sequence from the last interglacial has been preserved from glacial erosion. The chironomid-analysis shows a diverse fauna, with dominance of warm-water indicators and shifts in assemblage composition that can be attributed to temperature, lake depth, productivity and habitat availability. Quantitative mean July paleotemperature estimates based on the chironomid data indicate overall mean July air temperatures up to 1 degrees C warmer than present. Two cooling events can be discerned, the Tunturi event, dated to about 127.5kaBP, in the lower part of the sequence, and the Varrio event, dated to about 119kaBP, associated with the beginning of a cooling trend in the upper part of the record. Warm conditions already at the onset of the interglacial contrast with a recent chironomid-based last interglacial temperature reconstruction from Denmark, which suggests a late onset of Eemian warming. The relatively small increase in inferred temperatures compared to present day temperatures at Sokli differs from other high latitude Eemian sites, and likely reflects the influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in maintaining already elevated temperatures in Fennoscandia during interglacials.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerEbelingEisenhaueretal.2016, author = {Meyer, Sebastian T. and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Hertzog, Lionel and Hillebrand, Helmut and Milcu, Alexandru and Pompe, Sven and Abbas, Maike and Bessler, Holger and Buchmann, Nina and De Luca, Enrica and Engels, Christof and Fischer, Markus and Gleixner, Gerd and Hudewenz, Anika and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and de Kroon, Hans and Leimer, Sophia and Loranger, Hannah and Mommer, Liesje and Oelmann, Yvonne and Ravenek, Janneke M. and Roscher, Christiane and Rottstock, Tanja and Scherber, Christoph and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Scheu, Stefan and Schmid, Bernhard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Staudler, Andrea and Strecker, Tanja and Temperton, Vicky and Tscharntke, Teja and Vogel, Anja and Voigt, Winfried and Weigelt, Alexandra and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, title = {Effects of biodiversity strengthen over time as ecosystem functioning declines at low and increases at high biodiversity}, series = {Ecosphere : the magazine of the International Ecology University}, volume = {7}, journal = {Ecosphere : the magazine of the International Ecology University}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2150-8925}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1619}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{EngelsBrauerBuddelmeijeretal.2016, author = {Engels, Stefan and Brauer, Achim and Buddelmeijer, Nico and Martin-Puertas, Celia and Rach, Oliver and Sachse, Dirk and Van Geel, Bas}, title = {Subdecadal-scale vegetation responses to a previously unknown late-Allerod climate fluctuation and Younger Dryas cooling at Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany)}, series = {Journal of quaternary science}, volume = {31}, journal = {Journal of quaternary science}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0267-8179}, doi = {10.1002/jqs.2900}, pages = {741 -- 752}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Lake Meerfelder Maar (MFM) is the northernmost Western European sediment record with annual laminations across the Younger Dryas (YD), and the onset of the YD in the record of MFM has previously been defined as an increase in non-arboreal pollen abundance at ca. 12 680 varve a BP. Here we present a palynological record at unprecedented subdecadal resolution for MFM, covering the Allerod-YD transition. Our results show a fluctuation in pollen accumulation rates (PARs) before the onset of the YD, with lower rates between ca. 12 725 and 12 685 varve a BP. The fluctuation in PARs occurs simultaneous with a previously undescribed short fluctuation in sediment composition and varve thickness, as well as with changes in biogeochemical proxies. The combined evidence indicates signs of climatic instability ca. 45 years before the onset of the YD. The PAR records of Betula and Pinus furthermore show earlier and more abrupt changes at the onset of the YD than the percentage-records do. Finally, heliophilous herbaceous taxa show a delayed increase following the onset of the YD of ca. 145 years. This paper illustrates the potential to identify previously unrecognized climate variability and vegetation change when using subdecadal-resolution analyses. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, language = {en} }