@article{HoeferDiLellaDahmanietal.2019, author = {H{\"o}fer, C. T. and Di Lella, S. and Dahmani, Ismail and Jungnick, N. and Bordag, N. and Bobone, Sara and Huang, Q. and Keller, S. and Herrmann, A. and Chiantia, Salvatore}, title = {Structural determinants of the interaction between influenza A virus matrix protein M1 and lipid membranes}, series = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Biomembranes}, volume = {1861}, journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Biomembranes}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0005-2736}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.013}, pages = {1123 -- 1134}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Influenza A virus is a pathogen responsible for severe seasonal epidemics threatening human and animal populations every year. One of the ten major proteins encoded by the viral genome, the matrix protein M1, is abundantly produced in infected cells and plays a structural role in determining the morphology of the virus. During assembly of new viral particles, M1 is recruited to the host cell membrane where it associates with lipids and other viral proteins. The structure of M1 is only partially known. In particular, structural details of M1 interactions with the cellular plasma membrane as well as M1 protein interactions and multimerization have not been clarified, yet. In this work, we employed a set of complementary experimental and theoretical tools to tackle these issues. Using raster image correlation, surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopies, we quantified membrane association and oligomerization of full-length M1 and of different genetically engineered M1 constructs (i.e., N- and C-terminally truncated constructs and a mutant of the polybasic region, residues 95-105). Furthermore, we report novel information on structural changes in M1 occurring upon binding to membranes. Our experimental results are corroborated by an all-atom model of the full-length M1 protein bound to a negatively charged lipid bilayer.}, language = {en} } @article{BoujemaaYilmazRobicetal.2019, author = {Boujemaa, Hajar and Yilmaz, Alaaddin and Robic, Boris and Koppo, Katrien and Claessen, Guido and Frederix, Ines and Dendale, Paul and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and van Loon, Luc J. C. and Hansen, Dominique}, title = {The effect of minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement on postoperative pulmonary and skeletal muscle function}, series = {Experimental physiology}, volume = {104}, journal = {Experimental physiology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0958-0670}, doi = {10.1113/EP087407}, pages = {855 -- 865}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Suboptimal post-operative improvements in functional capacity are often observed after minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-AVR). It remains to be studied how AVR affects the cardiopulmonary and skeletal muscle function during exercise to explain these clinical observations and to provide a basis for improved/tailored post-operative rehabilitation. Twenty two patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) (aortic valve area (AVA) < 1.0 cm(2)) were preoperatively compared to 22 healthy controls during submaximal constant-workload endurance-type exercise for oxygen uptake (V-O2), carbon dioxide output (V-CO2), respiratory gas exchange ratio, expiratory volume (V-E), ventilatory equivalents for O-2 (V-E/V-O2) and CO2 (V-E/V-CO2), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (V-t), heart rate (HR), oxygen pulse (V-O2/HR), blood lactate, Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics. These exercise tests were repeated at 5 and 21 days after AVR surgery (n = 14), along with echocardiographic examinations. Respiratory exchange ratio and ventilatory equivalents (V-E/V-O2 and V-E/V-CO2) were significantly elevated, V-O2 and V-O2/HR were significantly lowered, and exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics were significantly slower in AS patients vs. healthy controls (P < 0.05). Although the AVA was restored by mini-AVR in AS patients, V-E/V-O2 and V-E/V-CO2 further worsened significantly within 5 days after surgery, accompanied by elevations in Borg RPE, V-E and RR, and lowered V-t. At 21 days after mini-AVR, exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics further slowed significantly (P < 0.05). A decline in pulmonary function was observed early aftermini-AVRsurgery, which was followed by a decline in skeletal muscle function in the subsequent weeks of recovery. Therefore, a tailored rehabilitation programmeshould include training modalities for the respiratory and peripheral muscular system.}, language = {en} } @article{SendBardtkeGillesetal.2019, author = {Send, Tabea and Bardtke, S. and Gilles, M. and Wolf, I. A. C. and S{\"u}tterlin, Marc Wolf and Wudy, S. A. and Wang, R. and Laucht, Manfred and Witt, Stephanie H. and Rietschel, Marcella and Streit, Fabian and Deuschle, Michael}, title = {Prenatal maternal stress is associated with lower cortisol and cortisone levels in the first morning urine of 45-month-old children}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {103}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.017}, pages = {219 -- 224}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Prenatal stress (PS) has been related to altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity later in life. So far, studies in children assessing HPA axis functioning have focused on salivary cortisol, reflecting daytime activity. The present work is part of a prospective study and aims to extend knowledge about the association between PS and HPA axis regulation in children. To do so, we investigated cortisol, cortisone, and the ratio cortisone/(cortisone + cortisol) in the first morning urine of 45-month-old children in relation to several measures of maternal stress during pregnancy. Urinary cortisol and cortisone were measured by online turbulent flow chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PS was defined as: perceived stress for aim 1 (Perceived Stress Scale; n = 280); presence of self-reported (n = 371) and expert-rated psychopathology for aim 2 (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; n = 281); continuous measures of anxiety and depression for exploratory aim 3 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; n = 280). The ratio cortisone/(cortisone + cortisol) as a global marker for the balance between the enzymes metabolizing cortisol to cortisone and vice versa (11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and 2; 11 beta-HSD1 and 2) was not associated with any measure of maternal PS (aims 1-3). The present study provides insight into possible programming effects of PS on nocturnal HPA axis activity and a proxy of 11 beta-HSD in a large sample. The results suggest that the nocturnal rate of cortisol production is lower in children exposed to PS, but do not support the hypothesis of divergent 11 beta-HSD activity.}, language = {en} } @article{YanChenSchumacheretal.2019, author = {Yan, Wenhao and Chen, Dijun and Schumacher, Julia and Durantini, Diego and Engelhorn, Julia and Chen, Ming and Carles, Cristel C. and Kaufmann, Kerstin}, title = {Dynamic control of enhancer activity drives stage-specific gene expression during flower morphogenesis}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09513-2}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Enhancers are critical for developmental stage-specific gene expression, but their dynamic regulation in plants remains poorly understood. Here we compare genome-wide localization of H3K27ac, chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic changes during flower development in Arabidopsis. H3K27ac prevalently marks promoter-proximal regions, suggesting that H3K27ac is not a hallmark for enhancers in Arabidopsis. We provide computational and experimental evidence to confirm that distal DNase. hypersensitive sites are predictive of enhancers. The predicted enhancers are highly stage-specific across flower development, significantly associated with SNPs for flowering-related phenotypes, and conserved across crucifer species. Through the integration of genome-wide transcription factor (TF) binding datasets, we find that floral master regulators and stage-specific TFs are largely enriched at developmentally dynamic enhancers. Finally, we show that enhancer clusters and intronic enhancers significantly associate with stage-specific gene regulation by floral master TFs. Our study provides insights into the functional flexibility of enhancers during plant development, as well as hints to annotate plant enhancers.}, language = {en} } @article{KaufmannHoffmannBachmannetal.2019, author = {Kaufmann, Felix E. D. and Hoffmann, Marie C. and Bachmann, Kai and Veksler, Ilya V. and Trumbull, Robert B. and Hecht, Lutz}, title = {Variations in Composition, Texture, and Platinum Group Element Mineralization in the Lower Group and Middle Group Chromitites of the Northwestern Bushveld Complex, South Africa}, series = {Economic geology}, volume = {114}, journal = {Economic geology}, number = {3}, publisher = {The Economic Geology Publ. Co}, address = {Littleton}, issn = {0361-0128}, doi = {10.5382/econgeo.4641}, pages = {569 -- 590}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Small-scale variations in mineral chemistry, textures, and platinum group element (PGE) mineralization were investigated in the Lower and Middle Group chromitite layers LG6, LG6a, MG1, MG2, and MG2 II from vertical drill core profiles at the Thaba mine in the northwestern limb of the Bushveld Complex. We present detailed geochemical profiles of chromite composition and chromite crystal size distribution curves to shed light on the processes of chromite accumulation and textural modification as well as mineralization. Multiple samples within each layer were assayed for PGE concentrations, and the respective platinum group mineral association was determined by mineral liberation analysis (MLA). There is strong evidence for postcumulus changes in the chromitites. The crystal size distribution curves suggest that the primary chromite texture was coarsened by a combination of adcumulus growth and textural equilibration, while compaction of the crystal mush played only a minor role. Mineral compositions were also modified by postcumulus processes, but because of the very high modal amount of chromite and its local preservation in orthopyroxene oikocrysts, that phase retained much primary information. Vertical variations of chromite composition within chromitite layers and from one layer to another do not support the idea of chromite accumulation from crystal-rich slurries or crystal settling from a large magma chamber. Instead, we favor a successive buildup of chromitite layers by repeated injections of relatively thin layers of chromite-saturated magmas, with in situ crystallization occurring at the crystal mush-magma interface. The adcumulus growth of chromite grains to form massive chromitite required addition of Cr to the layers, which we attribute to downward percolation from the overlying magma. The PGE concentrations are elevated in all chromitite layers compared to adjacent silicate rocks and show a systematic increase upward from LG6 (avg 807 ppb Ir + Ru + Rh + Pt + Pd + Au) to MG2 II (avg 2,062 ppb). There are also significant internal variations in all layers, with enrichments at hanging and/or footwalls. The enriched nature of chromitites in PGEs compared to host pyroxenites is a general feature, independent of the layer thickness. The MLA results distinguish two principal groups of PGE mineral associations: the LG6, LG6, and MG1 are dominated by the malanite series, laurite, and PGE sulfarsenides, while the MG2 and MG2 II layers are characterized by laurite and PGE sulfides as well as Pt-Fe-Sn and PGE-Sb-Bi-Pb alloys. Differences in the PGE associations are attributed to postcumulus alteration of the MG2 and MG2 II layer, while the chromitites below, particularly LG6 and LG6a, contain a more pristine association.}, language = {en} } @article{RyserHaeusslerStarketal.2019, author = {Ryser, Remo and H{\"a}ussler, Johanna and Stark, Markus and Brose, Ulrich and Rall, Bj{\"o}rn C. and Guill, Christian}, title = {The biggest losers: habitat isolation deconsructs complex food webs from top to bottom}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1908}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.1177}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Habitat fragmentation threatens global biodiversity. To date, there is only limited understanding of how the different aspects of habitat fragmentation (habitat loss, number of fragments and isolation) affect species diversity within complex ecological networks such as food webs. Here, we present a dynamic and spatially explicit food web model which integrates complex food web dynamics at the local scale and species-specific dispersal dynamics at the landscape scale, allowing us to study the interplay of local and spatial processes in metacommunities. We here explore how the number of habitat patches, i.e. the number of fragments, and an increase of habitat isolation affect the species diversity patterns of complex food webs (alpha-,beta-,gamma-, diversities). We specifically test whether there is a trophic dependency in the effect of these two factors on species diversity. In our model, habitat isolation is the main driver causing species loss and diversity decline. Our results emphasize that large-bodied consumer species at high trophic positions go extinct faster than smaller species at lower trophic levels, despite being superior dispersers that connect fragmented landscapes better. We attribute the loss of top species to a combined effect of higher biomass loss during dispersal with increasing habitat isolation in general, and the associated energy limitation in highly fragmented landscapes, preventing higher trophic levels to persist. To maintain trophic-complex and species-rich communities calls for effective conservation planning which considers the interdependence of trophic and spatial dynamics as well as the spatial context of a landscape and its energy availability.}, language = {en} } @article{TosiCapaccioniCapriaetal.2019, author = {Tosi, Federico and Capaccioni, F. and Capria, M. T. and Mottola, Stefano and Zinzi, A. and Ciarniello, M. and Filacchione, G. and Hofstadter, M. and Fonti, S. and Formisano, M. and Kappel, David and K{\"u}hrt, E. and Leyrat, C. and Vincent, J-B and Arnold, G. and De Sanctis, M. C. and Longobardo, Andrea and Palomba, E. and Raponi, A. and Rousseau, Batiste and Schmitt, Bernard and Barucci, Maria Antonietta and Bellucci, Giancarlo and Benkhoff, Johannes and Bockelee-Morvan, D. and Cerroni, P. and Combe, J-Ph and Despan, D. and Erard, St{\´e}phane and Mancarella, F. and McCord, T. B. and Migliorini, Alessandra and Orofino, V and Piccioni, G.}, title = {The changing temperature of the nucleus of comet 67P induced by morphological and seasonal effects}, series = {Nature astronomy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature astronomy}, number = {7}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-3366}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-019-0740-0}, pages = {649 -- 658}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Knowledge of the surface temperature distribution on a comet's nucleus and its temporal evolution at different timescales is key to constraining its thermophysical properties and understanding the physical processes that take place at and below the surface. Here we report on time-resolved maps of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko retrieved on the basis of infrared data acquired by the Visible InfraRed and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) onboard the Rosetta orbiter in 2014, over a roughly two-month period in the pre-perihelion phase at heliocentric distances between 3.62 and 3.31 au from the Sun. We find that at a spatial resolution ≤15 m per pixel, the measured temperatures point out the major effect that self-heating, due to the complex shape of the nucleus, has on the diurnal temperature variation. The bilobate nucleus of comet 67P also induces daytime shadowing effects, which result in large thermal gradients. Over longer periods, VIRTIS-derived temperature values reveal seasonal changes driven by decreasing heliocentric distance combined with an increasing abundance of ice within the uppermost centimetre-thick layer, which implies the possibility of having a largely pristine nucleus interior already in the shallow subsurface}, language = {en} } @article{DeinoDommainKelleretal.2019, author = {Deino, A. L. and Dommain, Ren{\´e} and Keller, C. B. and Potts, R. and Behrensmeyer, A. K. and Beverly, E. J. and King, J. and Heil, C. W. and Stockhecke, M. and Brown, E. T. and Moerman, J. and deMenocal, P. and Deocampo, D. and Garcin, Yannick and Levin, N. E. and Lupien, R. and Owen, R. B. and Rabideaux, N. and Russell, J. M. and Scott, J. and Riedl, S. and Brady, K. and Bright, J. and Clark, J. B. and Cohen, A. and Faith, J. T. and Noren, A. and Muiruri, V. and Renaut, R. and Rucina, S. and Uno, K.}, title = {Chronostratigraphic model of a high-resolution drill core record of the past million years from the Koora Basin, south Kenya Rift: Overcoming the difficulties of variable sedimentation rate and hiatuses}, series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, volume = {215}, journal = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, organization = {Olorgesailie Drilling Project Sci}, issn = {0277-3791}, doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.009}, pages = {213 -- 231}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Olorgesailie Drilling Project and the related Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project in East Africa were initiated to test hypotheses and models linking environmental change to hominin evolution by drilling lake basin sediments adjacent to important archeological and paleoanthropological sites. Drill core OL012-1A recovered 139 m of sedimentary and volcaniclastic strata from the Koora paleolake basin, southern Kenya Rift, providing the opportunity to compare paleoenvironmental influences over the past million years with the parallel record exposed at the nearby Olorgesailie archeological site. To refine our ability to link core-to-outcrop paleoenvironmental records, we institute here a methodological framework for deriving a robust age model for the complex lithostratigraphy of OL012-1A. Firstly, chronostratigraphic control points for the core were established based on 4 Ar/39Ar ages from intercalated tephra deposits and a basal trachyte flow, as well as the stratigraphic position of the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal. This dataset was combined with the position and duration of paleosols, and analyzed using a new Bayesian algorithm for high-resolution age-depth modeling of hiatus-bearing stratigraphic sections. This model addresses three important aspects relevant to highly dynamic, nonlinear depositional environments: 1) correcting for variable rates of deposition, 2) accommodating hiatuses, and 3) quantifying realistic age uncertainty with centimetric resolution. Our method is applicable to typical depositional systems in extensional rifts as well as to drill cores from other dynamic terrestrial or aquatic environments. We use the core age model and lithostratigraphy to examine the inter connectivity of the Koora Basin to adjacent areas and sources of volcanism. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{VolkertBeckCederholmetal.2019, author = {Volkert, Dorothee and Beck, Anne Marie and Cederholm, Tommy and Cereda, Emanuele and Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J. and Goisser, Sabine and de Groot, Lisette and Grosshauser, Franz and Kiesswetter, Eva and Norman, Kristina and Pourhassan, Maryam and Reinders, Ilse and Roberts, Helen C. and Rolland, Yves and Schneider, St{\´e}phane M. and Sieber, Cornel and Thiem, Ulrich and Visser, Marjolein and Wijnhoven, Hanneke and Wirth, Rainer}, title = {Management of malnutrition in older patients}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm8070974}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Malnutrition is widespread in older people and represents a major geriatric syndrome with multifactorial etiology and severe consequences for health outcomes and quality of life. The aim of the present paper is to describe current approaches and evidence regarding malnutrition treatment and to highlight relevant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Recently published guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) provide a summary of the available evidence and highlight the wide range of different measures that can be taken—from the identification and elimination of potential causes to enteral and parenteral nutrition—depending on the patient's abilities and needs. However, more than half of the recommendations therein are based on expert consensus because of a lack of evidence, and only three are concern patient-centred outcomes. Future research should further clarify the etiology of malnutrition and identify the most relevant causes in order to prevent malnutrition. Based on limited and partly conflicting evidence and the limitations of existing studies, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective in which patient groups, and if specific situations, diseases or etiologies of malnutrition require specific approaches. Patient-relevant outcomes such as functionality and quality of life need more attention, and research methodology should be harmonised to allow for the comparability of studies.}, language = {en} } @article{BatsiosIshikawaAnkerholdRothetal.2019, author = {Batsios, Petros and Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Hellen Christina and Roth, Heike and Schleicher, Michael and Wong, Catherine C. L. and M{\"u}ller-Taubenberger, Annette}, title = {Ate1-mediated posttranslational arginylation affects substrate adhesion and cell migration in Dictyostelium discoideum}, series = {Molecular biology of the cell : the official publication of the American Society for Cell Biology}, volume = {30}, journal = {Molecular biology of the cell : the official publication of the American Society for Cell Biology}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Society for Cell Biology}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {1059-1524}, doi = {10.1091/mbc.E18-02-0132}, pages = {453 -- 466}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The highly conserved enzyme arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase (Ate1) mediates arginylation, a posttranslational modification that is only incompletely understood at its molecular level. To investigate whether arginylation affects actin-dependent processes in a simple model organism, Dictyostelium discoideum, we knocked out the gene encoding Ate1 and characterized the phenotype of ate1-null cells. Visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics by live-cell microscopy indicated significant changes in comparison to wild-type cells. Ate1-null cells were almost completely lacking focal actin adhesion sites at the substrate-attached surface and were only weakly adhesive. In two-dimensional chemotaxis assays toward folate or cAMP, the motility of ate1-null cells was increased. However, in three-dimensional chemotaxis involving more confined conditions, the motility of ate1-null cells was significantly reduced. Live-cell imaging showed that GFP-tagged Ate1 rapidly relocates to sites of newly formed actin-rich protrusions. By mass spectrometric analysis, we identified four arginylation sites in the most abundant actin isoform of Dictyostelium, in addition to arginylation sites in other actin isoforms and several actin-binding proteins. In vitro polymerization assays with actin purified from ate1-null cells revealed a diminished polymerization capacity in comparison to wild-type actin. Our data indicate that arginylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeletal activities.}, language = {en} } @misc{HudsonBotzenPoussinetal.2019, author = {Hudson, Paul and Botzen, W. J. Wouter and Poussin, Jennifer and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.}, title = {Impacts of flooding and flood preparedness on subjective well-being}, series = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1389-4978}, doi = {10.1007/s10902-017-9916-4}, pages = {665 -- 682}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Flood disasters severely impact human subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless, few studies have examined the influence of flood events on individual well-being and how such impacts may be limited by flood protection measures. This study estimates the long term impacts on individual subjective well-being of flood experiences, individual subjective flood risk perceptions, and household flood preparedness decisions. These effects are monetised and placed in context through a comparison with impacts of other adverse events on well-being. We collected data from households in flood-prone areas in France. The results indicate that experiencing a flood has a large negative impact on subjective well-being that is incompletely attenuated over time. Moreover, individuals do not need to be directly affected by floods to suffer SWB losses since subjective well-being is lower for those who expect their flood risk to increase or who have seen a neighbour being flooded. Floodplain inhabitants who prepared for flooding by elevating their home have a higher subjective well-being. A monetisation of the aforementioned well-being impacts shows that a flood requires Euro150,000 in immediate compensation to attenuate SWB losses. The decomposition of the monetised impacts of flood experience into tangible losses and intangible effects on SWB shows that intangible effects are about twice as large as the tangible direct monetary flood losses. Investments in flood protection infrastructure may be under funded if the intangible SWB benefits of flood protection are not taken into account.}, language = {en} } @article{MiddeldorpMahajanHorikoshietal.2019, author = {Middeldorp, Christel M. and Mahajan, Anubha and Horikoshi, Momoko and Robertson, Neil R. and Beaumont, Robin N. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Bustamante, Mariona and Cousminer, Diana L. and Day, Felix R. and De Silva, N. Maneka and Guxens, Monica and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and St Pourcain, Beate and Warrington, Nicole M. and Adair, Linda S. and Ahlqvist, Emma and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Almgren, Peter and Ang, Wei and Atalay, Mustafa and Auvinen, Juha and Bartels, Meike and Beckmann, Jacques S. and Bilbao, Jose Ramon and Bond, Tom and Borja, Judith B. and Cavadino, Alana and Charoen, Pimphen and Chen, Zhanghua and Coin, Lachlan and Cooper, Cyrus and Curtin, John A. and Custovic, Adnan and Das, Shikta and Davies, Gareth E. and Dedoussis, George V. and Duijts, Liesbeth and Eastwood, Peter R. and Eliasen, Anders U. and Elliott, Paul and Eriksson, Johan G. and Estivill, Xavier and Fadista, Joao and Fedko, Iryna O. and Frayling, Timothy M. and Gaillard, Romy and Gauderman, W. James and Geller, Frank and Gilliland, Frank and Gilsanz, Vincente and Granell, Raquel and Grarup, Niels and Groop, Leif and Hadley, Dexter and Hakonarson, Hakon and Hansen, Torben and Hartman, Catharina A. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Hebebrand, Johannes and Heinrich, Joachim and Helgeland, Oyvind and Henders, Anjali K. and Henderson, John and Henriksen, Tine B. and Hirschhorn, Joel N. and Hivert, Marie-France and Hocher, Berthold and Holloway, John W. and Holt, Patrick and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Hypponen, Elina and Iniguez, Carmen and Johansson, Stefan and Jugessur, Astanand and Kahonen, Mika and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Kaprio, Jaakko and Karhunen, Ville and Kemp, John P. and Kerkhof, Marjan and Koppelman, Gerard H. and Korner, Antje and Kotecha, Sailesh and Kreiner-Moller, Eskil and Kulohoma, Benard and Kumar, Ashish and Kutalik, Zoltan and Lahti, Jari and Lappe, Joan M. and Larsson, Henrik and Lehtimaki, Terho and Lewin, Alexandra M. and Li, Jin and Lichtenstein, Paul and Lindgren, Cecilia M. and Lindi, Virpi and Linneberg, Allan and Liu, Xueping and Liu, Jun and Lowe, William L. and Lundstrom, Sebastian and Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka and Ma, Ronald C. W. and Mace, Aurelien and Magi, Reedik and Magnus, Per and Mamun, Abdullah A. and Mannikko, Minna and Martin, Nicholas G. and Mbarek, Hamdi and McCarthy, Nina S. and Medland, Sarah E. and Melbye, Mads and Melen, Erik and Mohlke, Karen L. and Monnereau, Claire and Morgen, Camilla S. and Morris, Andrew P. and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Myhre, Ronny and Najman, Jackob M. and Nivard, Michel G. and Nohr, Ellen A. and Nolte, Ilja M. and Ntalla, Ioanna and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Oken, Emily and Oldehinkel, Albertine J. and Pahkala, Katja and Palviainen, Teemu and Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope and Pedersen, Oluf and Pennell, Craig E. and Pershagen, Goran and Pitkanen, Niina and Plomin, Robert and Power, Christine and Prasad, Rashmi B. and Prokopenko, Inga and Pulkkinen, Lea and Raikkonen, Katri and Raitakari, Olli T. and Reynolds, Rebecca M. and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Rodriguez, Alina and Rose, Richard J. and Salem, Rany and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Saw, Seang-Mei and Schnurr, Theresia M. and Scott, James G. and Selzam, Saskia and Shepherd, John A. and Simpson, Angela and Skotte, Line and Sleiman, Patrick M. A. and Snieder, Harold and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Standl, Marie and Steegers, Eric A. P. and Strachan, David P. and Straker, Leon and Strandberg, Timo and Taylor, Michelle and Teo, Yik-Ying and Thiering, Elisabeth and Torrent, Maties and Tyrrell, Jessica and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and van Beijsterveldt, Toos and van der Most, Peter J. and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Viikari, Jorma and Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia and Vogelezang, Suzanne and Vonk, Judith M. and Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. and Vuoksimaa, Eero and Wang, Carol A. and Watkins, William J. and Wichmann, H-Erich and Willemsen, Gonneke and Williams, Gail M. and Wilson, James F. and Wray, Naomi R. and Xu, Shujing and Xu, Cheng-Jian and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Yi, Lu and Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Zemel, Babette S. and Hinney, Anke and Lakka, Timo A. and Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. and Sunyer, Jordi and Widen, Elisabeth E. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Sebert, Sylvain and Jacobsson, Bo and Njolstad, Pal R. and Stoltenberg, Camilla and Smith, George Davey and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Paternoster, Lavinia and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Ong, Ken K. and Bisgaard, Hans and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Tiemeier, Henning and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Evans, David M. and Perry, John R. B. and Grant, Struan F. A. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Freathy, Rachel M. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Felix, Janine F.}, title = {The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia}, series = {European journal of epidemiology}, volume = {34}, journal = {European journal of epidemiology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, organization = {EArly Genetics Lifecourse EGG Consortium EGG Membership EAGLE Membership}, issn = {0393-2990}, doi = {10.1007/s10654-019-00502-9}, pages = {279 -- 300}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.}, language = {en} } @article{RodaBoludaWhittakerGheorghiuetal.2019, author = {Roda-Boluda, Duna C. and Whittaker, Alexander C. and Gheorghiu, Delia M. and Rodes, Angel and D'Arcy, Mitch}, title = {Be-10 erosion rates controlled by transient response to normal faulting through incision and landsliding}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {507}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.032}, pages = {140 -- 153}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Quantifying erosion rates, and how they compare to rock uplift rates, is fundamental for understanding landscape response to tectonics and associated sediment fluxes from upland areas. The erosional response to uplift is well-represented by river incision and the associated landslide activity. However, characterising the relationship between these processes remains a major challenge in tectonically active areas, in some cases because landslides can preclude obtaining reliable erosion rates from cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) concentrations. Here, we quantify the control of tectonics and its coupled geomorphic response on the erosion rates of catchments in southern Italy that are experiencing a transient response to normal faulting. We analyse in-situ Be-10 concentrations for detrital sediment samples, collected along the strike of faults with excellent tectonic constraints and landslide inventories. We demonstrate that Be-10-derived erosion rates are controlled by fault throw rates and the extent of transient incision and associated landsliding in the catchments. We show that the low-relief sub-catchments above knickpoints erode at uniform background rates of similar to 0.10 mm/yr, while downstream of knickpoints, erosion removes similar to 50\% of the rock uplifted by the faults, at rates of 0.10-0.64 mm/yr. Despite widespread landsliding, CRN samples provide relatively consistent and accurate erosion rates, most likely because landslides are frequent, small, and shallow, and represent the integrated record of landsliding over several seismic cycles. Consequently, we combine these validated Be-10 erosion rates and data from a geomorphological landslide inventory in a published numerical model, to gain further insight into the long-term landslide rates and sediment mixing, highlighting the potential of CRN data to study landslide dynamics. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{LendleinGould2019, author = {Lendlein, Andreas and Gould, Oliver E. C.}, title = {Reprogrammable recovery and actuation behaviour of shape-memory polymers}, series = {Nature reviews. Materials}, volume = {4}, journal = {Nature reviews. Materials}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2058-8437}, doi = {10.1038/s41578-018-0078-8}, pages = {116 -- 133}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Shape memory is the capability of a material to be deformed and fixed into a temporary shape. Recovery of the original shape can then be triggered only by an external stimulus. Shape-memory polymers are highly deformable materials that can be programmed to recover a memorized shape in response to a variety of environmental and spatially localized stimuli as a one-way effect. The shape-memory function can also be generated as a reversible effect enabling actuation behaviour through macroscale deformation and processing, specifically by dictating the macromolecular orientation of actuation units and of the skeleton structure of geometry-determining units in the polymers. Shape-memory polymers can be programmed and reprogrammed into arbitrary shapes. Both recovery and actuation behaviour are reprogrammable. In this Review, we outline the common basis and key differences between the two shape-memory behaviours of polymers in terms of mechanism, fabrication schemes and characterization methods. We discuss which combination of macromolecular architecture and macroscale processing is necessary for coordinated, decentralized and responsive physical behaviour. The extraction of relevant thermomechanical information is described, and design criteria are shown for microscale and macroscale morphologies to gain high levels of recovered or actuation strains as well as on-demand 2D-to-3D shape transformations. Finally, real-world applications and key future challenges are highlighted.}, language = {en} } @article{PenoneAllanSoliveresetal.2019, author = {Penone, Caterina and Allan, Eric and Soliveres, Santiago and Felipe-Lucia, Maria R. and Gossner, Martin M. and Seibold, Sebastian and Simons, Nadja K. and Schall, Peter and van der Plas, Fons and Manning, Peter and Manzanedo, Ruben D. and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and Ammer, Christian and Bauhus, Juergen and Buscot, Francois and Ehbrecht, Martin and Goldmann, Kezia and Jung, Kirsten and Mueller, Joerg and Mueller, Joerg C. and Pena, Rodica and Polle, Andrea and Renner, Swen C. and Ruess, Liliane and Schoenig, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Solly, Emily F. and Tschapka, Marco and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wubet, Tesfaye and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {22}, journal = {Ecology letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13182}, pages = {170 -- 180}, year = {2019}, abstract = {While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above- and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation.}, language = {en} } @article{PetitgirardSahleWeisetal.2019, author = {Petitgirard, Sylvian and Sahle, C. J. and Weis, C. and Gilmore, K. and Spiekermann, Georg and Tse, J. S. and Wilke, Max and Cavallari, C. and Cerantola, V and Sternemann, Christian}, title = {Magma properties at deep Earth's conditions from electronic structure of silica}, series = {Geochemical perspectives letters}, volume = {9}, journal = {Geochemical perspectives letters}, publisher = {Association of Geochemistry}, address = {Paris}, issn = {2410-339X}, doi = {10.7185/geochemlet.1902}, pages = {32 -- 37}, year = {2019}, abstract = {SiO(2 )is the main component of silicate melts and thus controls their network structure and physical properties. The compressibility and viscosities of melts at depth are governed by their short range atomic and electronic structure. We measured the O K-edge and the Si L-2,L-3-edge in silica up to 110 GPa using X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, and found a striking match to calculated spectra based on structures from molecular dynamic simulations. Between 20 and 27 GPa, Si-[4] species are converted into a mixture of Si-[5] and Si-[6] species and between 60 and 70 GPa, Si-[6] becomes dominant at the expense of Si-[5] with no further increase up to at least 110 GPa. Coordination higher than 6 is only reached beyond 140 GPa, corroborating results from Brillouin scattering. Network modifying elements in silicate melts may shift this change in coordination to lower pressures and thus magmas could be denser than residual solids at the depth of the core-mantle boundary.}, language = {en} } @article{VeloAntonBoratyńskiFerreiraetal.2019, author = {Velo-Ant{\´o}n, Guillermo and Boratyński, Zbyszek and Ferreira, Clara Mendes and Lima, Vanessa O. and Alves, Paulo C. and Brito, Jos{\´e} C.}, title = {Intraspecific genetic diversity and distribution of North African hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae)}, series = {Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution}, volume = {127}, journal = {Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0024-4066}, doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/blz030}, pages = {156 -- 163}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Despite growing efforts to halt biodiversity loss, knowledge of species diversity and distribution is highly geographically biased, leaving some areas unexplored. Taxa distributed in remote, desert areas, such as hedgehogs (Mammalia; Eulipotyphla) in North Africa, are good examples of current knowledge gaps in systematics and biogeography. Here we studied the geographical distribution and intraspecific genetic diversity of hedgehogs in North Africa. Specimens belonging to North African and Eurasian species were analysed with mitochondrial (control region, CR) and nuclear (recombination activating gene 1, RAG1) gene fragments. This revealed a broader geographical distribution of Atelerix algirus in south-western Libya and of Paraechinus aethiopicus along the Atlantic Sahara. High intraspecific genetic differentiation was found in A. algirus and A. albiventris at the mitochondrial level, with nuclear haplotype sharing across their ranges. These findings suggest that biogeographical patterns of hedgehogs in North Africa are more complex than previously suggested, highlighting a need for further investigation in this remote and poorly known area.}, language = {en} } @article{PennekampIlesGarlandetal.2019, author = {Pennekamp, Frank and Iles, Alison C. and Garland, Joshua and Brennan, Georgina and Brose, Ulrich and Gaedke, Ursula and Jacob, Ute and Kratina, Pavel and Matthews, Blake and Munch, Stephan and Novak, Mark and Palamara, Gian Marco and Rall, Bjorn C. and Rosenbaum, Benjamin and Tabi, Andrea and Ward, Colette and Williams, Richard and Ye, Hao and Petchey, Owen L.}, title = {The intrinsic predictability of ecological time series and its potential to guide forecasting}, series = {Ecological monographs : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.}, volume = {89}, journal = {Ecological monographs : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0012-9615}, doi = {10.1002/ecm.1359}, pages = {17}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{SelsingMalesaniGoldonietal.2019, author = {Selsing, Jonatan and Malesani, D. and Goldoni, P. and Fynbo, Johan and Kr{\"u}hler, T. and Antonelli, L. A. and Arabsalmani, M. and Bolmer, J. and Cano, Z. and Christensen, L. and Covino, S. and De Cia, A. and de Ugarte Postigo, A. and Flores, H. and Fliis, M. and Gomboc, A. and Greiner, J. and Groot, P. and Hammer, F. and Hartoog, O. E. and Heintz, K. E. and Hjorth, J. and Jakobsson, P. and Japelj, J. and Kann, D. A. and Kaper, L. and Ledoux, C. and Leloudas, G. and Levan, A. J. and Maiorano, E. and Melandri, A. and Milvang-Jensen, B. and Palazzi, E. and Palmerio, J. T. and Perley, D. A. and Pian, E. and Piranomonte, S. and Pugliese, G. and Sanchez-Ramirez, R. and Savaglio, S. and Schady, P. and Schulze, S. and Sollerman, J. and Sparre, Martin and Tagliaferri, G. and Tanvir, N. R. and Thone, C. C. and Vergani, S. D. and Vreeswijk, P. and Watson, D. and Wiersema, K. and Wijers, R. and Xu, D. and Zafar, T.}, title = {The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB)}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {623}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201832835}, pages = {42}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In this work we present spectra of all gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows that have been promptly observed with the X-shooter spectrograph until 31/03/2017. In total, we have obtained spectroscopic observations of 103 individual GRBs observed within 48 hours of the GRB trigger. Redshifts have been measured for 97 per cent of these, covering a redshift range from 0.059 to 7.84. Based on a set of observational selection criteria that minimise biases with regards to intrinsic properties of the GRBs, the follow-up effort has been focused on producing a homogeneously selected sample of 93 afterglow spectra for GRBs discovered by the Swift satellite. We here provide a public release of all the reduced spectra, including continuum estimates and telluric absorption corrections. For completeness, we also provide reductions for the 18 late-time observations of the underlying host galaxies. We provide an assessment of the degree of completeness with respect to the parent GRB population, in terms of the X-ray properties of the bursts in the sample and find that the sample presented here is representative of the full Swift sample. We have constrained the fraction of dark bursts to be <28 per cent and confirm previous results that higher optical darkness is correlated with increased X-ray absorption. For the 42 bursts for which it is possible, we have provided a measurement of the neutral hydrogen column density, increasing the total number of published HI column density measurements by similar to 33 per cent. This dataset provides a unique resource to study the ISM across cosmic time, from the local progenitor surroundings to the intervening Universe.}, language = {en} } @article{TreatKleinenBroothaertsetal.2019, author = {Treat, Claire C. and Kleinen, Thomas and Broothaerts, Nils and Dalton, April S. and Dommain, Rene and Douglas, Thomas A. and Drexler, Judith Z. and Finkelstein, Sarah A. and Grosse, Guido and Hope, Geoffrey and Hutchings, Jack and Jones, Miriam C. and Kuhry, Peter and Lacourse, Terri and Lahteenoja, Outi and Loisel, Julie and Notebaert, Bastiaan and Payne, Richard J. and Peteet, Dorothy M. and Sannel, A. Britta K. and Stelling, Jonathan M. and Strauss, Jens and Swindles, Graeme T. and Talbot, Julie and Tarnocai, Charles and Verstraeten, Gert and Williams, Christopher J. and Xia, Zhengyu and Yu, Zicheng and Valiranta, Minna and Hattestrand, Martina and Alexanderson, Helena and Brovkin, Victor}, title = {Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {116}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {11}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1813305116}, pages = {4822 -- 4827}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Glacial-interglacial variations in CO2 and methane in polar ice cores have been attributed, in part, to changes in global wetland extent, but the wetland distribution before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka to 18 ka) remains virtually unknown. We present a study of global peatland extent and carbon (C) stocks through the last glacial cycle (130 ka to present) using a newly compiled database of 1,063 detailed stratigraphic records of peat deposits buried by mineral sediments, as well as a global peatland model. Quantitative agreement between modeling and observations shows extensive peat accumulation before the LGM in northern latitudes (> 40 degrees N), particularly during warmer periods including the last interglacial (130 ka to 116 ka, MIS 5e) and the interstadial (57 ka to 29 ka, MIS 3). During cooling periods of glacial advance and permafrost formation, the burial of northern peatlands by glaciers and mineral sediments decreased active peatland extent, thickness, and modeled C stocks by 70 to 90\% from warmer times. Tropical peatland extent and C stocks show little temporal variation throughout the study period. While the increased burial of northern peats was correlated with cooling periods, the burial of tropical peat was predominately driven by changes in sea level and regional hydrology. Peat burial by mineral sediments represents a mechanism for long-term terrestrial C storage in the Earth system. These results show that northern peatlands accumulate significant C stocks during warmer times, indicating their potential for C sequestration during the warming Anthropocene.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerFoerstendorfSteudtneretal.2019, author = {M{\"u}ller, Katharina and Foerstendorf, Harald and Steudtner, Robin and Tsushima, Satoru and Kumke, Michael Uwe and Lef{\`e}vre, Gr{\´e}gory and Rothe, J{\"o}rg and Mason, Harris and Szab{\´o}, Zolt{\´a}n and Yang, Ping and Adam, Christian K. R. and Andr{\´e}, R{\´e}mi and Brennenstuhl, Katlen and Chiorescu, Ion and Cho, Herman M. and Creff, Ga{\"e}lle and Coppin, Fr{\´e}d{\´e}ric and Dardenne, Kathy and Den Auwer, Christophe and Drobot, Bj{\"o}rn and Eidner, Sascha and Hess, Nancy J. and Kaden, Peter and Kremleva, Alena and Kretzschmar, Jerome and Kr{\"u}ger, Sven and Platts, James A. and Panak, Petra and Polly, Robert and Powell, Brian A. and Rabung, Thomas and Redon, Roland and Reiller, Pascal E. and R{\"o}sch, Notker and Rossberg, Andr{\´e} and Scheinost, Andreas C. and Schimmelpfennig, Bernd and Schreckenbach, Georg and Skerencak-Frech, Andrej and Sladkov, Vladimir and Solari, Pier Lorenzo and Wang, Zheming and Washton, Nancy M. and Zhang, Xiaobin}, title = {Interdisciplinary Round-Robin Test on molecular spectroscopy of the U(VI) Acetate System}, series = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, volume = {4}, journal = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.9b00164}, pages = {8167 -- 8177}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A comprehensive molecular analysis of a simple aqueous complexing system. U(VI) acetate. selected to be independently investigated by various spectroscopic (vibrational, luminescence, X-ray absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantum chemical methods was achieved by an international round-robin test (RRT). Twenty laboratories from six different countries with a focus on actinide or geochemical research participated and contributed to this scientific endeavor. The outcomes of this RRT were considered on two levels of complexity: first, within each technical discipline, conformities as well as discrepancies of the results and their sources were evaluated. The raw data from the different experimental approaches were found to be generally consistent. In particular, for complex setups such as accelerator-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the agreement between the raw data was high. By contrast, luminescence spectroscopic data turned out to be strongly related to the chosen acquisition parameters. Second, the potentials and limitations of coupling various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches for the comprehensive study of actinide molecular complexes were assessed. Previous spectroscopic data from the literature were revised and the benchmark data on the U(VI) acetate system provided an unambiguous molecular interpretation based on the correlation of spectroscopic and theoretical results. The multimethodologic approach and the conclusions drawn address not only important aspects of actinide spectroscopy but particularly general aspects of modern molecular analytical chemistry.}, language = {en} } @article{SchneiderHoffmannMuenkeretal.2019, author = {Schneider, K. P. and Hoffmann, J. E. and M{\"u}nker, C. and Patyniak, Magda and Sprung, P. and Roerdink, D. and Garbe-Sch{\"o}nberg, D. and Kr{\"o}ner, A.}, title = {Petrogenetic evolution of metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa)}, series = {Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry}, volume = {511}, journal = {Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0009-2541}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.020}, pages = {152 -- 177}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A well-preserved sequence, by Archean standards, of mantle-derived metabasalts and metakomatiites forms large parts of the lower Onverwacht Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa). To elucidate the origin of mafic and ultramafic rocks from this 3.55 to 3.45 Ga sequence, we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset including major and trace elements as well as Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions for a variety of metavolcanic rocks. These include metabasalts of the amphibolite-facies Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations as well as metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower greenschist-facies Komati Formation. Based on their incompatible trace element patterns, the basalts of the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations can be subdivided into a light rare earth element (LREE) depleted group, a LREE-undepleted group, and a LREE-enriched group. Positive epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values of ca. +3 to +4 and 0 to +2, respectively, together with depletions in Th and La-CN/Yb-CN indicate derivation of the LREE-depleted basalts from a depleted mantle source. However, chondritic epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values combined with positive Th and La-CN/Yb-CN of the LREE-enriched samples indicate a contribution from older granitoid crust in the petrogenesis of these samples. Trace element patterns of komatiites and basalts of the Komati Formation are generally flat relative to primitive mantle with slight depletions in heavy rare earth elements and Th and overall positive epsilon Hf-(t) of + 2.5 +/- 3.5 (2 s.d.) and epsilon Nd-(t) of + 0.5 +/- 2.2 (2 s. d.). The coherence in trace element characteristics suggests a common magmatic origin for basalts and komatiites. This study reveals that the two lavas were derived from the same mantle plume, i. e. komatiites were formed by high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source containing residual garnet and the basalts were formed by moderate degrees of partial melting in shallower regions of the mantle. Based on the current dataset, combined with published data, we propose a geodynamic model for the oldest units of the Barberton Greenstone Belt that describes the development from a submerged continental setting (for the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations) to a submarine plateau setting (for the Komati Formation) as a consequence of continental rifting.}, language = {en} } @article{LorenzMatthiasPieperetal.2019, author = {Lorenz, Robert C. and Matthias, Katja and Pieper, Dawid and Wegewitz, Uta Elke and Morche, Johannes and Nocon, Marc and Rissling, Olesja and Schirm, Jaqueline and Jacobs, Anja}, title = {A psychometric study found AMSTAR 2 to be a valid and moderately reliable appraisal tool}, series = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, volume = {114}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0895-4356}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.028}, pages = {133 -- 140}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the interrater reliability (IRR) of assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) 2 for reviews of pharmacological or psychological interventions for the treatment of major depression, to compare it to that of AMSTAR and risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS), and to assess the convergent validity between the appraisal tools. Results: The median kappa values as a measure of IRR indicated a moderate agreement for AMSTAR 2 (median = 0.51), a substantial agreement for AMSTAR (median = 0.62), and a fair agreement for ROBIS (median = 0.27). Validity results showed a positive association for AMSTAR and AMSTAR 2 (r = 0.91) as well as ROBIS and AMSTAR 2 (r = 0.84). For the overall rating, AMSTAR 2 showed a high concordance with ROBIS and a lower concordance with AMSTAR. Conclusion: The IRR of AMSTAR 2 was found to be slightly lower than the IRR of AMSTAR and higher than the IRR of ROBIS. Validity measurements indicate that AMSTAR 2 is closely related to both ROBIS and AMSTAR. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{LorenzMatthiasPieperetal.2019, author = {Lorenz, Robert C. and Matthias, Katja and Pieper, Dawid and Wegewitz, Uta and Morche, Johannes and Nocon, Marc and Rissling, Olesja and Schirm, Jacqueline and Freitag, Simone and Jacobs, Anja}, title = {AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating}, series = {Journal of clinical epidemiology : including pharmacoepidemiology reports}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology : including pharmacoepidemiology reports}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0895-4356}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.006}, pages = {142 -- 144}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{LachmannMettlerAltmannWackeretal.2019, author = {Lachmann, Sabrina C. and Mettler-Altmann, Tabea and Wacker, Alexander and Spijkerman, Elly}, title = {Nitrate or ammonium}, series = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4790}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In freshwaters, algal species are exposed to different inorganic nitrogen (Ni) sources whose incorporation varies in biochemical energy demand. We hypothesized that due to the lesser energy requirement of ammonium (NH4+)-use, in contrast to nitrate (NO3-)-use, more energy remains for other metabolic processes, especially under CO2-and phosphorus (Pi) limiting conditions. Therefore, we tested differences in cell characteristics of the green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila grown on NH4+ or NO3- under covariation of CO2 and Pi-supply in order to determine limitations, in a full-factorial design. As expected, results revealed higher carbon fixation rates for NH4+ grown cells compared to growth with NO3- under low CO2 conditions. NO3- -grown cells accumulated more of the nine analyzed amino acids, especially under Pi-limited conditions, compared to cells provided with NH4+. This is probably due to a slower protein synthesis in cells provided with NO3-. In contrast to our expectations, compared to NH4+ -grown cells NO3- -grown cells had higher photosynthetic efficiency under Pi-limitation. In conclusion, growth on the Ni-source NH4+ did not result in a clearly enhanced Ci-assimilation, as it was highly dependent on Pi and CO2 conditions (replete or limited). Results are potentially connected to the fact that C. acidophila is able to use only CO2 as its inorganic carbon (Ci) source.}, language = {en} } @article{TangSullivanHongetal.2019, author = {Tang, Alan T. and Sullivan, Katie Rose and Hong, Courtney C. and Goddard, Lauren M. and Mahadevan, Aparna and Ren, Aileen and Pardo, Heidy and Peiper, Amy and Griffin, Erin and Tanes, Ceylan and Mattei, Lisa M. and Yang, Jisheng and Li, Li and Mericko-Ishizuka, Patricia and Shen, Le and Hobson, Nicholas and Girard, Romuald and Lightle, Rhonda and Moore, Thomas and Shenkar, Robert and Polster, Sean P. and Roedel, Claudia Jasmin and Li, Ning and Zhu, Qin and Whitehead, Kevin J. and Zheng, Xiangjian and Akers, Amy and Morrison, Leslie and Kim, Helen and Bittinger, Kyle and Lengner, Christopher J. and Schwaninger, Markus and Velcich, Anna and Augenlicht, Leonard and Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim and Min, Wang and Marchuk, Douglas A. and Awad, Issam A. and Kahn, Mark L.}, title = {Distinct cellular roles for PDCD10 define a gut-brain axis in cerebral cavernous malformation}, series = {Science Translational Medicine}, volume = {11}, journal = {Science Translational Medicine}, number = {520}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1946-6234}, doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3521}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a genetic, cerebrovascular disease. Familial CCM is caused by genetic mutations in KRIT1, CCM2, or PDCD10. Disease onset is earlier and more severe in individuals with PDCD10 mutations. Recent studies have shown that lesions arise from excess mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation by lipopolysaccharide derived from the gut microbiome. These findings suggest a gut-brain CCM disease axis but fail to define it or explain the poor prognosis of patients with PDCD10 mutations. Here, we demonstrate that the gut barrier is a primary determinant of CCM disease course, independent of microbiome configuration, that explains the increased severity of CCM disease associated with PDCD10 deficiency. Chemical disruption of the gut barrier with dextran sulfate sodium augments CCM formation in a mouse model, as does genetic loss of Pdcd10, but not Krit1, in gut epithelial cells. Loss of gut epithelial Pdcd10 results in disruption of the colonic mucosal barrier. Accordingly, loss of Mucin-2 or exposure to dietary emulsifiers that reduce the mucus barrier increases CCM burden analogous to loss of Pdcd10 in the gut epithelium. Last, we show that treatment with dexamethasone potently inhibits CCM formation in mice because of the combined effect of action at both brain endothelial cells and gut epithelial cells. These studies define a gut-brain disease axis in an experimental model of CCM in which a single gene is required for two critical components: gut epithelial function and brain endothelial signaling.}, language = {en} } @article{WellsPoppenhaegerWatson2019, author = {Wells, Robert and Poppenh{\"a}ger, Katja and Watson, C. A.}, title = {Validation of a temperate fourth planet in the K2-133 multiplanet system}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {487}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz1334}, pages = {1865 -- 1873}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We present follow-up observations of the K2-133 multiplanet system. Previously, we announced that K2-133 contained three super-Earths orbiting an M1.5V host star - with tentative evidence of a fourth outer-planet orbiting at the edge of the temperate zone. Here, we report on the validation of the presence of the fourth planet, determining a radius of 1.73+0.14-0.13 R⊕. The four planets span the radius gap of the exoplanet population, meaning further follow-up would be worthwhile to obtain masses and test theories of the origin of the gap. In particular, the trend of increasing planetary radius with decreasing incident flux in the K2-133 system supports the claim that the gap is caused by photo-evaporation of exoplanet atmospheres. Finally, we note that K2-133 e orbits on the edge of the star's temperate zone, and that our radius measurement allows for the possibility that this is a rocky world. Additional mass measurements are required to confirm or refute this scenario.}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaVarellaJonesetal.2019, author = {da Silva, Filipe Ferreira and Varella, Marcio T. do N. and Jones, Nykola C. and Hoffmann, Soren Vronning and Denifl, Stephan and Bald, Ilko and Kopyra, Janina}, title = {Electron-Induced Reactions in 3-Bromopyruvic Acid}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, number = {21}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201806132}, pages = {5498 -- 5506}, year = {2019}, abstract = {3-Bromopyruvic acid (3BP) is a potential anticancer drug, the action of which on cellular metabolism is not yet entirely clear. The presence of a bromine atom suggests that it is also reactive towards low-energy electrons, which are produced in large quantities during tumour radiation therapy. Detailed knowledge of the interaction of 3BP with secondary electrons is a prerequisite to gain a complete picture of the effects of 3BP in different forms of cancer therapy. Herein, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to 3BP in the gas phase has been studied both experimentally by using a crossed-beam setup and theoretically through scattering and quantum chemical calculations. These results are complemented by a vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The main fragmentation channel is the formation of Br- close to 0 eV and within several resonant features at 1.9 and 3-8 eV. At low electron energies, Br- formation proceeds through sigma* and pi* shape resonances, and at higher energies through core-excited resonances. It is found that the electron-capture cross-section is clearly increased compared with that of non-brominated pyruvic acid, but, at the same time, fragmentation reactions through DEA are significantly altered as well. The 3BP transient negative ion is subject to a lower number of fragmentation reactions than those of pyruvic acid, which indicates that 3BP could indeed act by modifying the electron-transport chains within oxidative phosphorylation. It could also act as a radio-sensitiser.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangRudolphBenitezetal.2019, author = {Zhang, Quanchao and Rudolph, Tobias and Benitez, Alejandro J. and Gould, Oliver E. C. and Behl, Marc and Kratz, Karl and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Temperature-controlled reversible pore size change of electrospun fibrous shape-memory polymer actuator based meshes}, series = {Smart materials and structures}, volume = {28}, journal = {Smart materials and structures}, number = {5}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0964-1726}, doi = {10.1088/1361-665X/ab10a1}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Fibrous membranes capable of dynamically responding to external stimuli are highly desirable in textiles and biomedical materials, where adaptive behavior is required to accommodate complex environmental changes. For example, the creation of fabrics with temperature-dependent moisture permeability or self-regulating membranes for air filtration is dependent on the development of materials that exhibit a reversible stimuli-responsive pore size change. Here, by imbuing covalently crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone) (cPCL) fibrous meshes with a reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer actuation (rbSMPA) we create a material capable of temperature-controlled changes in porosity. Cyclic thermomechanical testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the meshes, which were composed of randomly arranged microfibers with diameters of 2.3 ± 0.6 μm giving an average pore size of approx. 10 μm. When subjected to programming strains of εm = 300\% and 100\% reversible strain changes of εʹrev = 22\% ± 1\% and 6\% ± 1\% were measured, with switching temperature ranges of 10 °C-30 °C and 45 °C-60 °C for heating and cooling, respectively. The rbSMPA of cPCL fibrous meshes generated a microscale reversible pore size change of 11\% ± 3\% (an average of 1.5 ± 0.6 μm), as measured by scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of a two-way shape-memory actuation capability into fibrous meshes is anticipated to advance the development and application of smart membrane materials, creating commercially viable textiles and devices with enhanced performance and novel functionality.}, language = {en} } @article{GrottKnollenbergHammetal.2019, author = {Grott, Matthias and Knollenberg, J. and Hamm, M. and Ogawa, K. and Jaumann, R. and Otto, Katharina Alexandra and Delbo, M. and Michel, Patrick and Biele, J. and Neumann, Wladimir and Knapmeyer, Martin and K{\"u}hrt, E. and Senshu, H. and Okada, T. and Helbert, Jorn and Maturilli, A. and M{\"u}ller, N. and Hagermann, A. and Sakatani, Naoya and Tanaka, S. and Arai, T. and Mottola, Stefano and Tachibana, Shogo and Pelivan, Ivanka and Drube, Line and Vincent, J-B and Yano, Hajime and Pilorget, C. and Matz, K. D. and Schmitz, N. and Koncz, A. and Schr{\"o}der, Stefan E. and Trauthan, F. and Schlotterer, Markus and Krause, C. and Ho, T-M and Moussi-Soffys, A.}, title = {Low thermal conductivity boulder with high porosity identified on C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu}, series = {Nature astronomy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature astronomy}, number = {11}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-3366}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-019-0832-x}, pages = {971 -- 976}, year = {2019}, abstract = {C-type asteroids are among the most pristine objects in the Solar System, but little is known about their interior structure and surface properties. Telescopic thermal infrared observations have so far been interpreted in terms of a regolith-covered surface with low thermal conductivity and particle sizes in the centimetre range. This includes observations of C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu1,2,3. However, on arrival of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft at Ryugu, a regolith cover of sand- to pebble-sized particles was found to be absent4,5 (R.J. et al., manuscript in preparation). Rather, the surface is largely covered by cobbles and boulders, seemingly incompatible with the remote-sensing infrared observations. Here we report on in situ thermal infrared observations of a boulder on the C-type asteroid Ryugu. We found that the boulder's thermal inertia was much lower than anticipated based on laboratory measurements of meteorites, and that a surface covered by such low-conductivity boulders would be consistent with remote-sensing observations. Our results furthermore indicate high boulder porosities as well as a low tensile strength in the few hundred kilopascal range. The predicted low tensile strength confirms the suspected observational bias6 in our meteorite collections, as such asteroidal material would be too frail to survive atmospheric entry7}, language = {en} } @article{GrottKnollenbergHammetal.2019, author = {Grott, Matthias and Knollenberg, J. and Hamm, M. and Ogawa, K. and Jaumann, R. and Otto, Katharina Alexandra and Delbo, M. and Michel, P. and Biele, J. and Neumann, W. and Knapmeyer, M. and Kuehrt, E. and Senshu, H. and Okada, T. and Helbert, J. and Maturilli, A. and M{\"u}ller, N. and Hagermann, A. and Sakatani, N. and Tanaka, S. and Arai, T. and Mottola, S. and Tachibana, S. and Pelivan, Ivanka and Drube, L. and Vincent, J-B and Yano, H. and Pilorget, C. and Matz, K. D. and Schmitz, N. and Koncz, A. and Schr{\"o}der, S. E. and Trauthan, F. and Schlotterer, M. and Krause, C. and Ho, T-M and Moussi-Soffys, A.}, title = {Low thermal conductivity boulder with high porosity identified on C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu}, series = {Nature astronomy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature astronomy}, number = {11}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-3366}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-019-0832-x}, pages = {971 -- 976}, year = {2019}, abstract = {C-type asteroids are among the most pristine objects in the Solar System, but little is known about their interior structure and surface properties. Telescopic thermal infrared observations have so far been interpreted in terms of a regolith-covered surface with low thermal conductivity and particle sizes in the centimetre range. This includes observations of C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu1,2,3. However, on arrival of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft at Ryugu, a regolith cover of sand- to pebble-sized particles was found to be absent4,5 (R.J. et al., manuscript in preparation). Rather, the surface is largely covered by cobbles and boulders, seemingly incompatible with the remote-sensing infrared observations. Here we report on in situ thermal infrared observations of a boulder on the C-type asteroid Ryugu. We found that the boulder's thermal inertia was much lower than anticipated based on laboratory measurements of meteorites, and that a surface covered by such low-conductivity boulders would be consistent with remote-sensing observations. Our results furthermore indicate high boulder porosities as well as a low tensile strength in the few hundred kilopascal range. The predicted low tensile strength confirms the suspected observational bias6 in our meteorite collections, as such asteroidal material would be too frail to survive atmospheric entry7.}, language = {en} } @article{KubatovaSzecsiSanderetal.2019, author = {Kubatova, Brankica and Szecsi, D. and Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph and Kubat, Jiř{\´i} and Tramper, F. and Krticka, Jiri and Kehrig, C. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Hainich, Rainer and Shenar, Tomer}, title = {Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {623}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201834360}, pages = {32}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Context. Metal-poor massive stars are assumed to be progenitors of certain supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and compact object mergers that might contribute to the early epochs of the Universe with their strong ionizing radiation. However, this assumption remains mainly theoretical because individual spectroscopic observations of such objects have rarely been carried out below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud. Aims. Here we explore the predictions of the state-of-the-art theories of stellar evolution combined with those of stellar atmospheres about a certain type of metal-poor (0.02 Z(circle dot)) hot massive stars, the chemically homogeneously evolving stars that we call Transparent Wind Ultraviolet INtense (TWUIN) stars. Methods. We computed synthetic spectra corresponding to a broad range in masses (20 130 M-circle dot) and covering several evolutionary phases from the zero-age main-sequence up to the core helium-burning stage. We investigated the influence of mass loss and wind clumping on spectral appearance and classified the spectra according to the Morgan-Keenan (MK) system. Results. We find that TWUIN stars show almost no emission lines during most of their core hydrogen-burning lifetimes. Most metal lines are completely absent, including nitrogen. During their core helium-burning stage, lines switch to emission, and even some metal lines (oxygen and carbon, but still almost no nitrogen) are detected. Mass loss and clumping play a significant role in line formation in later evolutionary phases, particularly during core helium-burning. Most of our spectra are classified as an early-O type giant or supergiant, and we find Wolf-Rayet stars of type WO in the core helium-burning phase. Conclusions. An extremely hot, early-O type star observed in a low-metallicity galaxy could be the result of chemically homogeneous evolution and might therefore be the progenitor of a long-duration gamma-ray burst or a type Ic supernova. TWUIN stars may play an important role in reionizing the Universe because they are hot without showing prominent emission lines during most of their lifetime.}, language = {en} } @article{GonzalezFortesTassiTrucchietal.2019, author = {Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Tassi, F. and Trucchi, E. and Henneberger, K. and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Diez-del-Molino, D. and Schroeder, H. and Susca, R. R. and Barroso-Ruiz, C. and Bermudez, F. J. and Barroso-Medina, C. and Bettencourt, A. M. S. and Sampaio, H. A. and Salas, A. and de Lombera-Hermida, A. and Fabregas Valcarce, Ram{\´o}n and Vaquero, M. and Alonso, S. and Lozano, Marina and Rodriguez-Alvarez, Xose Pedro and Fernandez-Rodriguez, C. and Manica, Andrea and Hofreiter, Michael and Barbujani, Guido}, title = {A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1895}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2288}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Being at the western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, to our knowledge never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoranBlagroveDruryetal.2019, author = {Moran, Jason and Blagrove, Richard C. and Drury, Benjamin and Fernandes, John F. T. and Paxton, Kevin and Chaabene, Helmi and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo}, title = {Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Conventional Endurance Training on Endurance Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Meta-Analytical Comparison}, series = {Sports medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {Sports medicine}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Northcote}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-019-01086-w}, pages = {731 -- 742}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Small-sided games have been suggested as a viable alternative to conventional endurance training to enhance endurance performance in youth soccer players. This has important implications for long-term athlete development because it suggests that players can increase aerobic endurance through activities that closely resemble their sport of choice. Data Sources The data sources utilised were Google Scholar, PubMed and Microsoft Academic. Study Eligibility Criteria Studies were eligible for inclusion if interventions were carried out in male soccer players (aged < 18years) and compared the effects of small-sided games and conventional endurance training on aerobic endurance performance. We defined small-sided games as modified [soccer] games played on reduced pitch areas, often using adapted rules and involving a smaller number of players than traditional games. We defined conventional endurance training as continuous running or extensive interval training consisting of work durations>3min. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods The inverse-variance random-effects model for meta-analyses was used because it allocates a proportionate weight to trials based on the size of their individual standard errors and facilitates analysis whilst accounting for heterogeneity across studies. Effect sizes were represented by the standardised mean difference and presented alongside 95\% confidence intervals. Results Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Both modes of training were effective in increasing endurance performance. Within-mode effect sizes were both of moderate magnitude [small-sided games: 0.82 (95\% confidence interval 0.05, 1.60), Z=2.07 (p=0.04); conventional endurance training: 0.89 (95\% confidence interval 0.06, 1.72), Z=2.10 (p=0.04)]. There were only trivial differences [0.04 (95\% confidence interval -0.36, 0.43), Z=0.18 (p=0.86)] between the effects on aerobic endurance performance of small-sided games and conventional endurance training. Subgroup analyses showed mostly trivial differences between the training methods across key programming variables such as set duration (>= or < 4 min) and recovery period between sets (>= or< 3min). Programmes that were longer than 8 weeks favoured small-sided games [effect size=0.45 (95\% confidence interval -0.12, 1.02), Z=1.54 (p=0.12)], with the opposite being true for conventional endurance training [effect size=-0.33 (95\% confidence interval -0.79, 0.14), Z=1.39 (p=0.16)]. Programmes with more than 4 sets per session favoured small-sided games [effect size=0.53 (95\% confidence interval -0.52, 1.58), Z=0.98 (p=0.33)] with only a trivial difference between those with 4, or fewer, sets [effect size=-0.13 (95\% confidence interval -0.52, 0.26), Z=0.65 (p=0.52)]. Conclusions Small-sided games are as effective as conventional endurance training for increasing aerobic endurance performance in male youth soccer players. This is important for practitioners as it means that small-sided games can allow both endurance and skills training to be carried out simultaneously, thus providing a more efficient training stimulus. Small-sided games offer the same benefits as conventional endurance training with two sessions per week, with4 sets of 4 min of activity, interspersed with recovery periods of 3min, recommended in this population.}, language = {en} } @article{PlatCharlotBruzualetal.2019, author = {Plat, A. and Charlot, S. and Bruzual, G. and Feltre, A. and Vidal-Garcia, A. and Morisset, C. and Chevallard, Jacopo and Todt, Helge Tobias}, title = {Constraints on the production and escape of ionizing radiation from the emission-line spectra of metal-poor star-forming galaxies}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {490}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz2616}, pages = {978 -- 1009}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We explore the production and escape of ionizing photons in young galaxies by investigating the ultraviolet and optical emission-line properties of models of ionization-bounded and density-bounded H II regions, active-galactic-nucleus (AGN) narrow-line regions, and radiative shocks computed all using the same physically consistent description of element abundances and depletion on to dust grains down to very low metallicities. We compare these models with a reference sample of metal-poor star-forming galaxies and Lyman-continuum (LyC) leakers at various redshifts, which allows the simultaneous exploration of more spectral diagnostics than typically available at once for individual subsamples. We confirm that current single- and binary-star population synthesis models do not produce hard-enough radiation to account for the high-ionization emission of the most metal-poor galaxies. Introducing either an AGN or radiative-shock component brings models into agreement with observations. A published model including X-ray binaries is an attractive alternative to reproduce the observed rise in He II lambda 4686/H beta ratio with decreasing oxygen abundance in metal-poor star-forming galaxies, but not the high observed He II lambda 4686/H beta ratios of galaxies with large EW(H beta). A source of harder ionizing radiation appears to be required in these extreme objects, such as an AGN or radiative-shock component, perhaps linked to an initial-mass-function bias towards massive stars at low metallicity. This would also account for the surprisingly high [O I]/[O III] ratios of confirmed LyC leakers relative to ionization-bounded models. We find no simple by-eye diagnostic of the nature of ionizing sources and the escape of LyC photon, which require proper simultaneous fits of several lines to be discriminated against.}, language = {en} } @article{MaassHueckelheimRillig2019, author = {Maaß, Stefanie and H{\"u}ckelheim, Ronja and Rillig, Matthias C.}, title = {Collembola laterally move biochar particles}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {14}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {11}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0224179}, pages = {7}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Biochar is being discussed as a soil amendment to improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. While biochar interactions with soil microbial biota have been frequently studied, interactions with soil mesofauna are understudied. We here present an experiment in which we tested if the collembolan Folsomia candida I) can transport biochar particles, II) if yes, how far the particles are distributed within 10 days, and III) if it shows a preference among biochars made from different feedstocks, i.e. pine wood, pine bark and spelt husks. In general, biochar particles based on pine bark and pine wood were consistently distributed significantly more than those made of spelt husks, but all types were transported more than 4cm within 10 days. Additionally, we provide evidence that biochar particles can become readily attached to the cuticle of collembolans and hence be transported, potentially even over large distances. Our study shows that the soil mesofauna can indeed act as a vector for the transport of biochar particles and show clear preferences depending on the respective feedstock, which would need to be studied in more detail in the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaassHueckelheimRillig2019, author = {Maaß, Stefanie and H{\"u}ckelheim, Ronja and Rillig, Matthias C.}, title = {Collembola laterally move biochar particles}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {770}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43883}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438839}, pages = {7}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Biochar is being discussed as a soil amendment to improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. While biochar interactions with soil microbial biota have been frequently studied, interactions with soil mesofauna are understudied. We here present an experiment in which we tested if the collembolan Folsomia candida I) can transport biochar particles, II) if yes, how far the particles are distributed within 10 days, and III) if it shows a preference among biochars made from different feedstocks, i.e. pine wood, pine bark and spelt husks. In general, biochar particles based on pine bark and pine wood were consistently distributed significantly more than those made of spelt husks, but all types were transported more than 4cm within 10 days. Additionally, we provide evidence that biochar particles can become readily attached to the cuticle of collembolans and hence be transported, potentially even over large distances. Our study shows that the soil mesofauna can indeed act as a vector for the transport of biochar particles and show clear preferences depending on the respective feedstock, which would need to be studied in more detail in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{SolgerKunzFinketal.2019, author = {Solger, Franziska and Kunz, Tobias C. and Fink, Julian and Paprotka, Kerstin and Pfister, Pauline and Hagen, Franziska and Schumacher, Fabian and Kleuser, Burkhard and Seibel, J{\"u}rgen and Rudel, Thomas}, title = {A role of sphingosine in the intracellular survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae}, series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2235-2988}, doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2020.00215}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Obligate human pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the second most frequent bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases. These bacteria invade different mucosal tissues and occasionally disseminate into the bloodstream. Invasion into epithelial cells requires the activation of host cell receptors by the formation of ceramide-rich platforms. Here, we investigated the role of sphingosine in the invasion and intracellular survival of gonococci. Sphingosine exhibited an anti-gonococcal activity in vitro. We used specific sphingosine analogs and click chemistry to visualize sphingosine in infected cells. Sphingosine localized to the membrane of intracellular gonococci. Inhibitor studies and the application of a sphingosine derivative indicated that increased sphingosine levels reduced the intracellular survival of gonococci. We demonstrate here, that sphingosine can target intracellular bacteria and may therefore exert a direct bactericidal effect inside cells.}, language = {en} } @article{TrumbullSudoHarrisetal.2019, author = {Trumbull, Robert B. and Sudo, Masafumi and Harris, C. and Armstrong, R. A. and de Beer, C. H.}, title = {The age of the Koegel Fontein anorogenic complex, South Africa, and its relationship to the regional timing of magmatism and breakup along the South Atlantic rifted margin}, series = {South African Journal of Geology}, volume = {122}, journal = {South African Journal of Geology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Geological Society of South Africa}, address = {Marshalltown}, issn = {1012-0750}, doi = {10.25131/sajg.122.0007}, pages = {69 -- 78}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The early Cretaceous Koegel Fontein intrusive complex is situated near the Atlantic coast in South Africa, about 350 km northwest of Cape Town. The complex comprises felsic units of granite and syenite with compositionally related dykes, and a single intrusive plug of diorite. Existing zircon U-Pb ages of 144 +/- 2 Ma for the syenite and 133.9 +/- 1.3 Ma for the granite suggest that the emplacement of the complex took place over a period of about 10 My. This study provides additional and independent ages of the Koegel Fontein complex by Ar-40/Ar-39 dating to confirm the onset and duration of magmatism and better define the sequence of igneous units that comprise it. New laser step-heating Ar-40/Ar-3(9) ages on plagioclase and biotite from the main intrusive units in the complex are presented here, including samples previously dated by U-Pb dating. The Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the granite and syenite units (131.1 +/- 0.9 Ma and 143.3 +/- 0.9, respectively) are in good agreement with the zircon U-Pb ages. Other units not previously dated include the Rooivleitjie alkaline granite (150.7 +/- 0.6 Ma), two quartz-porphyry dykes (143.0 +/- 0.9 and 139.4 +/- 1.7 Ma) and the Zout Rivier diorite plug (133.0 +/- 1.0 Ma). The new results confirm an early onset of magmatism at Koegel Fontein relative to that of the Etendeka Province some 1000 km to the north, which is consistent with the regional south-to-north propagation of South Atlantic rifting. The youngest Ar-40/Ar-3(9) ages at Koegel Fontein (134 to 131 Ma, Rietpoort Granite and 133 Ma, Zout Rivier diorite) correspond to the age of the first magnetic seafloor-spreading anomaly offshore, and we suggest that the longevity of Koegel Fontein magmatism relates to a superposition of pre-drift magmatism onshore and spreading-related magmatism as continental separation began.}, language = {en} } @article{MehrabiSchulzDsouzaetal.2019, author = {Mehrabi, Pedram and Schulz, Eike C. and Dsouza, Raison and M{\"u}ller-Werkmeister, Henrike and Tellkamp, Friedjof and Miller, R. J. Dwayne and Pai, Emil F.}, title = {Time-resolved crystallography reveals allosteric communication aligned with molecular breathing}, series = {Science}, volume = {365}, journal = {Science}, number = {6458}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.aaw9904}, pages = {1167 -- 1170}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A comprehensive understanding of protein function demands correlating structure and dynamic changes. Using time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography, we visualized half-of-the-sites reactivity and correlated molecular-breathing motions in the enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase. Eighteen time points from 30 milliseconds to 30 seconds cover four turnover cycles of the irreversible reaction. They reveal sequential substrate binding, covalent-intermediate formation, setup of a hydrolytic water molecule, and product release. Small structural changes of the protein mold and variations in the number and placement of water molecules accompany the various chemical steps of catalysis. Triggered by enzyme-ligand interactions, these repetitive changes in the protein framework's dynamics and entropy constitute crucial components of the catalytic machinery.}, language = {en} } @misc{LouposDamigosTsertouetal.2019, author = {Loupos, Konstantinos and Damigos, Yannis and Tsertou, Athanasisa and Amditis, Angelos and Lenas, Sotiris-Angelos and Chatziandreoglou, Chistos and Malliou, Christina and Tsaoussidis, Vassilis and Gerhard, Reimund and Rychkov, Dmitry and Wirges, Werner and Frankenstein, Bernd and Camarinopoulos, Stephanos and Kalidromitis, Vassilis and Sanna, C. and Maier, Stephanos and Gordt, A. and Panetsos, P.}, title = {Innovative soft-material sensor, wireless network and assessment software for bridge life-cycle assessment}, series = {Life-cycle analysis and assessmanet in civil engineering : towards an integrated vision}, journal = {Life-cycle analysis and assessmanet in civil engineering : towards an integrated vision}, publisher = {CRC Press, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-315-22891-4}, pages = {2085 -- 2092}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Nowadays, structural health monitoring of critical infrastructures is considered as of primal importance especially for managing transport infrastructure however most current SHM methodologies are based on point-sensors that show various limitations relating to their spatial positioning capabilities, cost of development and measurement range. This publication describes the progress in the SENSKIN EC co-funded research project that is developing a dielectric-elastomer sensor, formed from a large highly extensible capacitance sensing membrane and is supported by an advanced micro-electronic circuitry, for monitoring transport infrastructure bridges. The sensor under development provides spatial measurements of strain in excess of 10\%, while the sensing system is being designed to be easy to install, require low power in operation concepts, require simple signal processing, and have the ability to self-monitor and report. An appropriate wireless sensor network is also being designed and developed supported by local gateways for the required data collection and exploitation. SENSKIN also develops a Decision-Support-System (DSS) for proactive condition-based structural interventions under normal operating conditions and reactive emergency intervention following an extreme event. The latter is supported by a life-cycle-costing (LCC) and life-cycle-assessment (LCA) module responsible for the total internal and external costs for the identified bridge rehabilitation, analysis of options, yielding figures for the assessment of the economic implications of the bridge rehabilitation work and the environmental impacts of the bridge rehabilitation options and of the associated secondary effects respectively. The overall monitoring system will be evaluated and benchmarked on actual bridges of Egnatia Highway (Greece) and Bosporus Bridge (Turkey).}, language = {en} } @article{MorrisKassamBerczetal.2019, author = {Morris, Mackenzie C. and Kassam, Farzaan and Bercz, Aron and Beckmann, Nadine and Schumacher, Fabian and Gulbins, Erich and Makley, Amy T. and Goodman, Michael D.}, title = {The Role of Chemoprophylactic Agents in Modulating Platelet Aggregability After Traumatic Brain Injury}, series = {Journal of surgical research}, volume = {244}, journal = {Journal of surgical research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0022-4804}, doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.022}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The pathophysiology behind the subacute but persistent hypercoagulable state after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly understood but contributes to morbidity induced by venous thromboembolism. Because platelets and their microvesicles have been hypothesized to play a role in post-traumatic hypercoagulability, administration of commonly used agents may ameliorate this coagulability. We hypothesized that utilization of aspirin, ketorolac, amitriptyline, unfractionated heparin, or enoxaparin would modulate the platelet aggregation response after TBI. Methods: Concussive TBI was induced by weight drop. Mice were then randomized to receive aspirin, ketorolac, amitriptyline, heparin, enoxaparin, or saline control at 2 and 8 h after TBI. Mice were sacrificed at 6 or 24 h after injury to determine coagulability by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), platelet function testing with impedance aggregometry, and microvesicle enumeration. Platelet sphingolipid metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Results: ROTEM demonstrated increased platelet contribution to maximum clot firmness at 6 h after TBI in mice that received aspirin or amitriptyline, but this did not persist at 24 h. By contrast, adenosine diphosphate- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation at 6 h was significantly lower in mice receiving ketorolac, aspirin, and amitriptyline compared with mice receiving saline at 6 h after injury and only arachidonic acid-initiated platelet aggregation was decreased by aspirin at 24 h. There were no differences in microvesicle production at either time point. Platelet sphingosine-1-phosphate levels were decreased at 6 h in the group receiving amitriptyline and increased at 24 h along with platelet ceramide levels at 24 h in the amitriptyline group. Conclusion: After TBI, amitriptyline decreased platelet aggregability and increased contribution to clot in a manner similar to aspirin. The amitriptyline effects on platelet function and sphingolipid metabolites may represent a possible role of the acid sphingomyelinase in the hypercoagulability observed after injury. In addition, inhibition of platelet reactivity may be an underappreciated benefit of low molecular weight heparins, such as enoxaparin. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{SeitzSchumacherBakeretal.2019, author = {Seitz, Aaron P. and Schumacher, Fabian and Baker, Jennifer and Soddemann, Matthias and Wilker, Barbara and Caldwell, Charles C. and Gobble, Ryan M. and Kamler, Markus and Becker, Katrin Anne and Beck, Sascha and Kleuser, Burkhard and Edwards, Michael J. and Gulbins, Erich}, title = {Sphingosine-coating of plastic surfaces prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia}, series = {Journal of molecular medicine}, volume = {97}, journal = {Journal of molecular medicine}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0946-2716}, doi = {10.1007/s00109-019-01800-1}, pages = {1195 -- 1211}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Here, we employed the broad antibacterial effects of sphingosine to prevent VAP by developing a novel method of coating surfaces of endotracheal tubes with sphingosine and sphingosine analogs. Sphingosine and phytosphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes prevent adherence and mediate killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, even in biofilms. Most importantly, sphingosine-coating of endotracheal tubes also prevented P. aeruginosa and S. aureus pneumonia in vivo. Coating of the tubes with sphingosine was stable, without obvious side effects on tracheal epithelial cells and did not induce inflammation. In summary, we describe a novel method to coat plastic surfaces and provide evidence for the application of sphingosine and phytosphingosine as novel antimicrobial coatings to prevent bacterial adherence and induce killing of pathogens on the surface of endotracheal tubes with potential to prevent biofilm formation and VAP.Key messagesNovel dip-coating method to coat plastic surfaces with lipids.Sphingosine and phytosphingosine as novel antimicrobial coatings on plastic surface.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes prevent bacterial adherence and biofilms.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes induce killing of pathogens.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes ventilator-associated pneumonia.}, language = {en} } @article{VazdaCruzEckertIannuzzietal.2019, author = {Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius and Eckert, Sebastian and Iannuzzi, Marcella and Ertan, Emelie and Pietzsch, Annette and Couto, Rafael C. and Niskanen, Johannes and Fondell, Mattis and Dantz, Marcus and Schmitt, Thorsten and Lu, Xingye and McNally, Daniel and Jay, Raphael Martin and Kimberg, Victor and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Odelius, Michael}, title = {Probing hydrogen bond strength in liquid water by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-08979-4}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Local probes of the electronic ground state are essential for understanding hydrogen bonding in aqueous environments. When tuned to the dissociative core-excited state at the O1s pre-edge of water, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering back to the electronic ground state exhibits a long vibrational progression due to ultrafast nuclear dynamics. We show how the coherent evolution of the OH bonds around the core-excited oxygen provides access to high vibrational levels in liquid water. The OH bonds stretch into the long-range part of the potential energy curve, which makes the X-ray probe more sensitive than infra-red spectroscopy to the local environment. We exploit this property to effectively probe hydrogen bond strength via the distribution of intramolecular OH potentials derived from measurements. In contrast, the dynamical splitting in the spectral feature of the lowest valence-excited state arises from the short-range part of the OH potential curve and is rather insensitive to hydrogen bonding.}, language = {en} } @article{KhiderEmileGeayMcKayetal.2019, author = {Khider, D. and Emile-Geay, J. and McKay, N. P. and Gil, Y. and Garijo, D. and Ratnakar, V and Alonso-Garcia, M. and Bertrand, S. and Bothe, O. and Brewer, P. and Bunn, A. and Chevalier, M. and Comas-Bru, L. and Csank, A. and Dassie, E. and DeLong, K. and Felis, T. and Francus, P. and Frappier, A. and Gray, W. and Goring, S. and Jonkers, L. and Kahle, M. and Kaufman, D. and Kehrwald, N. M. and Martrat, B. and McGregor, H. and Richey, J. and Schmittner, A. and Scroxton, N. and Sutherland, E. and Thirumalai, Kaustubh and Allen, K. and Arnaud, F. and Axford, Y. and Barrows, T. and Bazin, L. and Birch, S. E. Pilaar and Bradley, E. and Bregy, J. and Capron, E. and Cartapanis, O. and Chiang, H-W and Cobb, K. M. and Debret, M. and Dommain, R{\´e}ne and Du, J. and Dyez, K. and Emerick, S. and Erb, M. P. and Falster, G. and Finsinger, W. and Fortier, D. and Gauthier, Nicolas and George, S. and Grimm, E. and Hertzberg, J. and Hibbert, F. and Hillman, A. and Hobbs, W. and Huber, M. and Hughes, A. L. C. and Jaccard, S. and Ruan, J. and Kienast, M. and Konecky, B. and Le Roux, G. and Lyubchich, V and Novello, V. F. and Olaka, L. and Partin, J. W. and Pearce, C. and Phipps, S. J. and Pignol, C. and Piotrowska, N. and Poli, M-S and Prokopenko, A. and Schwanck, F. and Stepanek, C. and Swann, G. E. A. and Telford, R. and Thomas, E. and Thomas, Z. and Truebe, S. and von Gunten, L. and Waite, A. and Weitzel, N. and Wilhelm, B. and Williams, J. and Winstrup, M. and Zhao, N. and Zhou, Y.}, title = {PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data}, series = {Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology}, volume = {34}, journal = {Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2572-4517}, doi = {10.1029/2019PA003632}, pages = {1570 -- 1596}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches.}, language = {en} } @article{RadchukReedTeplitskyetal.2019, author = {Radchuk, Viktoriia and Reed, Thomas and Teplitsky, Celine and van de Pol, Martijn and Charmantier, Anne and Hassall, Christopher and Adamik, Peter and Adriaensen, Frank and Ahola, Markus P. and Arcese, Peter and Miguel Aviles, Jesus and Balbontin, Javier and Berg, Karl S. and Borras, Antoni and Burthe, Sarah and Clobert, Jean and Dehnhard, Nina and de Lope, Florentino and Dhondt, Andre A. and Dingemanse, Niels J. and Doi, Hideyuki and Eeva, Tapio and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Filella, Iolanda and Fossoy, Frode and Goodenough, Anne E. and Hall, Stephen J. G. and Hansson, Bengt and Harris, Michael and Hasselquist, Dennis and Hickler, Thomas and Jasmin Radha, Jasmin and Kharouba, Heather and Gabriel Martinez, Juan and Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste and Mills, James A. and Molina-Morales, Mercedes and Moksnes, Arne and Ozgul, Arpat and Parejo, Deseada and Pilard, Philippe and Poisbleau, Maud and Rousset, Francois and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver and Scott, David and Carlos Senar, Juan and Stefanescu, Constanti and Stokke, Bard G. and Kusano, Tamotsu and Tarka, Maja and Tarwater, Corey E. and Thonicke, Kirsten and Thorley, Jack and Wilting, Andreas and Tryjanowski, Piotr and Merila, Juha and Sheldon, Ben C. and Moller, Anders Pape and Matthysen, Erik and Janzen, Fredric and Dobson, F. Stephen and Visser, Marcel E. and Beissinger, Steven R. and Courtiol, Alexandre and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie}, title = {Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-10924-4}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.}, language = {en} } @article{JannaschKroegerAgnolietal.2019, author = {Jannasch, Franziska and Kr{\"o}ger, Janine and Agnoli, Claudia and Barricarte, Aurelio and Boeing, Heiner and Cayssials, Val{\´e}rie and Colorado-Yohar, Sandra and Dahm, Christina C. and Dow, Courtney and Fagherazzi, Guy and Franks, Paul W. and Freisling, Heinz and Gunter, Marc J. and Kerrison, Nicola D. and Key, Timothy J. and Khaw, Kay-Tee and K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Kyro, Cecilie and Mancini, Francesca Romana and Mokoroa, Olatz and Nilsson, Peter and Overvad, Kim and Palli, Domenico and Panico, Salvatore and Quiros Garcia, Jose Ramon and Rolandsson, Olov and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and Sahrai, Mohammad Sediq and Sch{\"u}bel, Ruth and Sluijs, Ivonne and Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. and Tjonneland, Anne and Tong, Tammy Y. N. and Tumino, Rosario and Riboli, Elio and Langenberg, Claudia and Sharp, Stephen J. and Forouhi, Nita G. and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Wareham, Nicholas J.}, title = {Generalizability of a Diabetes-Associated Country-Specific Exploratory Dietary Pattern Is Feasible Across European Populations}, series = {The Journal of Nutrition}, volume = {149}, journal = {The Journal of Nutrition}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3166}, doi = {10.1093/jn/nxz031}, pages = {1047 -- 1055}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: Population-specificity of exploratory dietary patterns limits their generalizability in investigations with type 2 diabetes incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to derive country-specific exploratory dietary patterns, investigate their association with type 2 diabetes incidence, and replicate diabetes-associated dietary patterns in other countries. Methods: Dietary intake data were used, assessed by country-specific questionnaires at baseline of 11,183 incident diabetes cases and 14,694 subcohort members (mean age 52.9 y) from 8 countries, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (mean follow-up time 6.9 y). Exploratory dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. HRs for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated by Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. Diabetes-associated dietary patterns were simplified or replicated to be applicable in other countries. A meta-analysis across all countries evaluated the generalizability of the diabetes-association. Results: Two dietary patterns per country/UK-center, of which overall 3 dietary patterns were diabetes-associated, were identified. A risk-lowering French dietary pattern was not confirmed across other countries: pooled HRFrance per 1 SD: 1.00; 95\% CI: 0.90, 1.10. Risk-increasing dietary patterns, derived in Spain and UK-Norfolk, were confirmed, but only the latter statistically significantly: HRSpain: 1.09; 95\% CI: 0.97, 1.22 and HRUK-Norfolk: 1.12; 95\% CI: 1.04, 1.20. Respectively, this dietary pattern was characterized by relatively high intakes of potatoes, processed meat, vegetable oils, sugar, cake and cookies, and tea. Conclusions: Only few country/center-specific dietary patterns (3 of 18) were statistically significantly associated with diabetes incidence in this multicountry European study population. One pattern, whose association with diabetes was confirmed across other countries, showed overlaps in the food groups potatoes and processed meat with identified diabetes-associated dietary patterns from other studies. The study demonstrates that replication of associations of exploratory patterns with health outcomes is feasible and a necessary step to overcome population-specificity in associations from such analyses.}, language = {en} } @article{AbeysekaraArcherBenbowetal.2019, author = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brill, A. and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Calderon-Madera, D. and Christiansen, J. L. and Cui, W. and Daniel, M. K. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Q. and Fernandez-Alonso, M. and Finley, J. P. and Fortson, Lucy and Furniss, Amy and Gent, A. and Giuri, C. and Gueta, O. and Hanna, David and Hassan, T. and Hervet, Oliver and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, P. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Krennrich, F. and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Maier, Gernot and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Nievas-Rosillo, M. and Ong, R. A. and Pfrang, Konstantin Johannes and Pohl, Martin and Prado, R. R. and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Ribeiro, D. and Richards, G. T. and Roache, E. and Rovero, A. C. and Sadeh, Iftach and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Sushch, Iurii and Svraka, T. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, Patrick and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David Arnold and Williamson, T. J. and Zitzer, B.}, title = {Measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light Spectral Energy Distribution with VERITAS}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {885}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab4817}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The extragalactic background light (EBL), a diffuse photon field in the optical and infrared range, is a record of radiative processes over the universe?s history. Spectral measurements of blazars at very high energies (>100 GeV) enable the reconstruction of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the EBL, as the blazar spectra are modified by redshift- and energy-dependent interactions of the gamma-ray photons with the EBL. The spectra of 14 VERITAS-detected blazars are included in a new measurement of the EBL SED that is independent of EBL SED models. The resulting SED covers an EBL wavelength range of 0.56?56 ?m, and is in good agreement with lower limits obtained by assuming that the EBL is entirely due to radiation from cataloged galaxies.}, language = {en} } @article{BenbowBirdBrilletal.2019, author = {Benbow, W. and Bird, R. and Brill, A. and Brose, Robert and Chromey, A. J. and Daniel, M. K. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Gillanders, G. H. and Giuri, C. and Gueta, O. and Hanna, D. and Halpern, J. P. and Hassan, Tarek and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Joyce, Amy M. and Kaaret, P. and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, D. and Krause, M. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and Maier, Gernot and Matthews, N. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nieto, D. and Nievas-Rosillos, M. and Ong, R. A. and Park, N. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, John and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, G. T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, Iftach and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Wakely, S. P. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David A. and Williamson, T. J.}, title = {Direct measurement of stellar angular diameters by the VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes}, series = {Nature astronomy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature astronomy}, number = {6}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-3366}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-019-0741-z}, pages = {511 -- 516}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The angular size of a star is a critical factor in determining its basic properties1. Direct measurement of stellar angular diameters is difficult: at interstellar distances stars are generally too small to resolve by any individual imaging telescope. This fundamental limitation can be overcome by studying the diffraction pattern in the shadow cast when an asteroid occults a star2, but only when the photometric uncertainty is smaller than the noise added by atmospheric scintillation3. Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes used for particle astrophysics observations have not generally been exploited for optical astronomy due to the modest optical quality of the mirror surface. However, their large mirror area makes them well suited for such high-time-resolution precision photometry measurements4. Here we report two occultations of stars observed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS)5 Cherenkov telescopes with millisecond sampling, from which we are able to provide a direct measurement of the occulted stars' angular diameter at the ≤0.1 mas scale. This is a resolution never achieved before with optical measurements and represents an order of magnitude improvement over the equivalent lunar occultation method6. We compare the resulting stellar radius with empirically derived estimates from temperature and brightness measurements, confirming the latter can be biased for stars with ambiguous stellar classifications.}, language = {en} } @article{HeslopWinkelAnthonyetal.2019, author = {Heslop, J. K. and Winkel, Matthias and Anthony, K. M. Walter and Spencer, R. G. M. and Podgorski, D. C. and Zito, P. and Kholodov, A. and Zhang, M. and Liebner, Susanne}, title = {Increasing organic carbon biolability with depth in yedoma permafrost}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-8953}, doi = {10.1029/2018JG004712}, pages = {2021 -- 2038}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Permafrost thaw subjects previously frozen organic carbon (OC) to microbial decomposition, generating the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and fueling a positive climate feedback. Over one quarter of permafrost OC is stored in deep, ice-rich Pleistocene-aged yedoma permafrost deposits. We used a combination of anaerobic incubations, microbial sequencing, and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to show yedoma OC biolability increases with depth along a 12-m yedoma profile. In incubations at 3 degrees C and 13 degrees C, GHG production per unit OC at 12-versus 1.3-m depth was 4.6 and 20.5 times greater, respectively. Bacterial diversity decreased with depth and we detected methanogens at all our sampled depths, suggesting that in situ microbial communities are equipped to metabolize thawed OC into CH4. We concurrently observed an increase in the relative abundance of reduced, saturated OC compounds, which corresponded to high proportions of C mineralization and positively correlated with anaerobic GHG production potentials and higher proportions of OC being mineralized as CH4. Taking into account the higher global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 compared to CO2, thawed yedoma sediments in our study had 2 times higher GWP at 12-versus 9.0-m depth at 3 degrees C and 15 times higher GWP at 13 degrees C. Considering that yedoma is vulnerable to processes that thaw deep OC, our findings imply that it is important to account for this increasing GHG production and GWP with depth to better understand the disproportionate impact of yedoma on the magnitude of the permafrost carbon feedback.}, language = {en} }