@article{SalzmannHeimelDuhmetal.2012,
  author    = {Salzmann, Ingo and Heimel, Georg and Duhm, Steffen and Oehzelt, Martin and Pingel, Patrick and George, Benjamin M. and Schnegg, Alexander and Lips, Klaus and Blum, Ralf-Peter and Vollmer, Antje and Koch, Norbert},
  title     = {Intermolecular hybridization governs molecular electrical doping},
  series = {Physical review letters},
  volume    = {108},
  journal   = {Physical review letters},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  address   = {College Park},
  issn      = {0031-9007},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.035502},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Current models for molecular electrical doping of organic semiconductors are found to be at odds with other well-established concepts in that field, like polaron formation. Addressing these inconsistencies for prototypical systems, we present experimental and theoretical evidence for intermolecular hybridization of organic semiconductor and dopant frontier molecular orbitals. Common doping-related observations are attributed to this phenomenon, and controlling the degree of hybridization emerges as a strategy for overcoming the present limitations in the yield of doping-induced charge carriers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LangeBlakesleyFrischetal.2011,
  author    = {Lange, Ilja and Blakesley, James C. and Frisch, Johannes and Vollmer, Antje and Koch, Norbert and Neher, Dieter},
  title     = {Band bending in conjugated polymer layers},
  series = {Physical review letters},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Physical review letters},
  number    = {21},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  address   = {College Park},
  issn      = {0031-9007},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.216402},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {We use the Kelvin probe method to study the energy-level alignment of four conjugated polymers deposited on various electrodes. Band bending is observed in all polymers when the substrate work function exceeds critical values. Through modeling, we show that the band bending is explained by charge transfer from the electrodes into a small density of states that extends several hundred meV into the band gap. The energetic spread of these states is correlated with charge-carrier mobilities, suggesting that the same states also govern charge transport in the bulk of these polymers.},
  language  = {en}
}