@article{XieXuGessneretal.2012, author = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Xu, Hai-Bing and Gessner, Andre and Kumke, Michael Uwe and Priebe, Magdalena and Fromm, Katharina M. and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {A transparent, flexible, ion conductive, and luminescent PMMA ionogel based on a Pt/Eu bimetallic complex and the ionic liquid [Bmim][N(Tf)(2)]}, series = {Journal of materials chemistry}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of materials chemistry}, number = {16}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0959-9428}, doi = {10.1039/c2jm15862k}, pages = {8110 -- 8116}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Transparent, ion-conducting, luminescent, and flexible ionogels based on the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide [Bmim][N(Tf)(2)], a PtEu2 chromophore, and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) have been prepared. The thermal stability of the PMMA significantly increases with IL incorporation. In particular, the onset weight loss observed at ca. 229 degrees C for pure PMMA increases to 305 degrees C with IL addition. The ionogel has a high ionic conductivity of 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 373 K and exhibits a strong emission in the red with a long average luminescence decay time of tau = 890 mu s. The resulting material is a new type of soft hybrid material featuring useful thermal, optical, and ion transport properties.}, language = {en} } @article{YuantenBrummelhuisJungingeretal.2011, author = {Yuan, Jiayin and ten Brummelhuis, Niels and Junginger, Mathias and Xie, Zailai and Lu, Yan and Taubert, Andreas and Schlaad, Helmut}, title = {Diversified applications of chemically modified 1,2-Polybutadiene}, series = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, volume = {32}, journal = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, number = {15}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1022-1336}, doi = {10.1002/marc.201100254}, pages = {1157 -- 1162}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Commercially available 1,2-PB was transformed into a well-defined reactive intermediate by quantitative bromination. The brominated polymer was used as a polyfunctional macroinitiator for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline to yield a water-soluble brush polymer. Nucleophilic substitution of bromide by 1-methyl imidazole resulted in the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymers consisting of mixed units of imidazolium, bromo, and double bond. These copolymers, which were soluble in water without forming aggregates, were used as stabilizers in the heterophase polymerization of styrene and were also studied for their ionic conducting properties.}, language = {en} } @article{XieTaubert2011, author = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {Thermomorphic behavior of the ionic liquids [C(4)mim][FeCl4] and [C(12)mim][FeCl4]}, series = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry}, volume = {12}, journal = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201000808}, pages = {364 -- 368}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The iron-containing ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [C(4)mim][FeCl4] and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [C(12)mim][FeCl4] exhibit a thermally induced demixing with water (thermomorphism). The phase separation temperature varies with IL weight fraction in water and can be tuned between 100 degrees C and room temperature. The reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is only observed at IL weight fractions below ca. 35\% in water. UV/Vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy along with elemental analysis prove that the yellow-brown liquid phase recovered after phase separation is the starting IL [C(4)mim][FeCl4] and [C(12)mim][FeCl4], respectively. Photometry and ICP-OES show that about 40\% of iron remains in the water phase upon phase separation. Although the process is thus not very efficient at the moment, the current approach is the first example of an LCST behavior of a metal-containing IL and therefore, although still inefficient, a prototype for catalyst removal or metal extraction.}, language = {en} } @article{MarquardtXieTaubertetal.2011, author = {Marquardt, Dorothea and Xie, Zailai and Taubert, Andreas and Thomann, Ralf and Janiak, Christoph}, title = {Microwave synthesis and inherent stabilization of metal nanoparticles in 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate}, series = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry}, volume = {40}, journal = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry}, number = {33}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1477-9226}, doi = {10.1039/c1dt10795j}, pages = {8290 -- 8293}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The synthesis of Co-NPs and Mn-NPs by microwave-induced decomposition of the metal carbonyls Co-2(CO)(8) and Mn-2(CO)(10), respectively, yields smaller and better separated particles in the functionalized IL 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EmimCO(2)H][BF4] (1.6 +/- 0.3 nm and 4.3 +/- 1.0 nm, respectively) than in the non-functionalized IL 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4]. The particles are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than six months although some variation in particle size could be observed by TEM.}, language = {en} } @article{XieWhiteWeberetal.2011, author = {Xie, Zai-Lai and White, Robin J. and Weber, Jens and Taubert, Andreas and Titirici, Magdalena M.}, title = {Hierarchical porous carbonaceous materials via ionothermal carbonization of carbohydrates}, series = {Journal of materials chemistry}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of materials chemistry}, number = {20}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0959-9428}, doi = {10.1039/c1jm00013f}, pages = {7434 -- 7442}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We report on the ionothermal synthesis of porous carbon materials from a variety of carbohydrate precursors (i.e. D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, and starch) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl(4)] as a reusable solvent and catalyst. The carbon materials derived from these different carbohydrates are similar in terms of particle size and chemical composition, possessing relatively high surface areas from 44 to 155 m(2) g(-1) after ionothermal processing, which can be significantly increased to > 350 m(2) g(-1) by further thermal treatment (e. g. post-carbonization at 750 degrees C). CO(2) and N(2) sorption analysis, combined with Hg intrusion porosimetry, reveals a promising hierarchical pore structuring to these carbon materials. The ionic liquid [Bmim][FeCl(4)] has a triple role: it acts as both a soft template to generate the characterized pore structuring, solvent and as a catalyst resulting in enhanced ionothermal carbon yields. Importantly from a process point of view, the ionic liquid can be successfully recovered and reused. The current work shows that ionothermal synthesis has the potential to be an effective, low cost, and green reusable synthetic route towards sustainable porous carbon materials.}, language = {en} } @article{XieHuangTitiricietal.2014, author = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Huang, Xing and Titirici, Maria-Magdalena and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {Mesoporous graphite nanoflakes via ionothermal carbonization of fructose and their use in dye removal}, series = {RSC Advances}, volume = {4}, journal = {RSC Advances}, number = {70}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2046-2069}, doi = {10.1039/c4ra05146g}, pages = {37423 -- 37430}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The large-scale green synthesis of graphene-type two-dimensional materials is still challenging. Herein, we describe the ionothermal synthesis of carbon-based composites from fructose in the iron-containing ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloridoferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl4] serving as solvent, catalyst, and template for product formation. The resulting composites consist of oligo-layer graphite nanoflakes and iron carbide particles. The mesoporosity, strong magnetic moment, and high specific surface area of the composites make them attractive for water purification with facile magnetic separation. Moreover, Fe3Cfree graphite can be obtained via acid etching, providing access to fairly large amounts of graphite material. The current approach is versatile and scalable, and thus opens the door to ionothermal synthesis towards the larger-scale synthesis of materials that are, although not made via a sustainable process, useful for water treatment such as the removal of organic molecules.}, language = {en} } @article{XieHuangTaubert2014, author = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Huang, Xing and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {DyeIonogels: proton-responsive ionogels based on a dye-ionic liquid exhibiting reversible color change}, series = {Advanced functional materials}, volume = {24}, journal = {Advanced functional materials}, number = {19}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1616-301X}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.201303016}, pages = {2837 -- 2843}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Transparent, ion-conducting, and flexible ionogels based on the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide [Bmim][N(Tf)(2)], the dye-IL (DIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl orange [Bmim][MO], and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared. Upon IL incorporation the thermal stability of the PMMA matrix significantly increases from 220 to 280 degrees C. The ionogels have a relatively high ionic conductivity of 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 373 K. Most importantly, the ionogels exhibit a strong and reversible color change when exposed to aqueous or organic solutions containing protons or hydroxide ions. The resulting material is thus a prototype of soft multifunctional matter featuring ionic conductivity, easy processability, response to changes in the environment, and a strong readout signal, the color change, that could be used in optical data storage or environmental sensing.}, language = {en} } @article{TaoLiuWuetal.2020, author = {Tao, Lumi and Liu, Yuchuan and Wu, Dan and Wei, Qiao-Hua and Taubert, Andreas and Xie, Zailai}, title = {Luminescent Ionogels with Excellent Transparency, High Mechanical Strength, and High Conductivity}, series = {Nanomaterials}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nanomaterials}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-4991}, doi = {10.3390/nano10122521}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The paper describes a new kind of ionogel with both good mechanical strength and high conductivity synthesized by confining the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][NTf₂]) within an organic-inorganic hybrid host. The organic-inorganic host network was synthesized by the reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a coupling agent, offering the good mechanical strength and rapid shape recovery of the final products. The silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570) plays an important role in improving the mechanical strength of the inorganic-organic hybrid, because it covalently connected the organic component MMA and the inorganic component SiO₂. Both the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the ionogel significantly increased by the addition of IL. The immobilization of [Bmim][NTf₂] within the ionogel provided the final ionogel with an ionic conductivity as high as ca. 0.04 S cm⁻¹ at 50 °C. Moreover, the hybrid ionogel can be modified with organosilica-modified carbon dots within the network to yield a transparent and flexible ionogel with strong excitation-dependent emission between 400 and 800 nm. The approach is, therefore, a blueprint for the construction of next-generation multifunctional ionogels.}, language = {en} } @article{DelahayeXieSchaeferetal.2011, author = {Delahaye, Emilie and Xie, Zailai and Sch{\"a}fer, Andreas and Douce, Laurent and Rogez, Guillaume and Rabu, Pierre and G{\"u}nter, Christina and Gutmann, Jochen S. and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {Intercalation synthesis of functional hybrid materials based on layered simple hydroxide hosts and ionic liquid guests - a pathway towards multifunctional ionogels without a silica matrix?}, series = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry}, volume = {40}, journal = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry}, number = {39}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1477-9226}, doi = {10.1039/c1dt10841g}, pages = {9977 -- 9988}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Functional hybrid materials on the basis of inorganic hosts and ionic liquids (ILs) as guests hold promise for a virtually unlimited number of applications. In particular, the interaction and the combination of properties of a defined inorganic matrix and a specific IL could lead to synergistic effects in property selection and tuning. Such hybrid materials, generally termed ionogels, are thus an emerging topic in hybrid materials research. The current article addresses some of the recent developments and focuses on the question why silica is currently the dominating matrix used for (inorganic) ionogel fabrication. In comparison to silica, matrix materials such as layered simple hydroxides, layered double hydroxides, clay-type substances, magnetic or catalytically active solids, and many other compounds could be much more interesting because they themselves may carry useful functionalities, which could also be exploited for multifunctional hybrid materials synthesis. The current article combines experimental results with some arguments as to how new, advanced functional hybrid materials can be generated and which obstacles will need to be overcome to successfully achieve the synthesis of a desired target material.}, language = {en} } @article{GoebelXieNeumannetal.2012, author = {Goebel, Ronald and Xie, Zai-Lai and Neumann, Mike and G{\"u}nter, Christina and Loebbicke, Ruben and Kubo, Shiori and Titirici, Maria-Magdalena and Giordano, Cristina and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {Synthesis of mesoporous carbon/iron carbide hybrids with unusually high surface areas from the ionic liquid precursor [Bmim][FeCl4]}, series = {CrystEngComm}, volume = {14}, journal = {CrystEngComm}, number = {15}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/c2ce25064k}, pages = {4946 -- 4951}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Mesoporous carbon/iron carbide hybrid materials with surface areas reaching 800 m(2) g(-1) were synthesized via an exotemplating route using monolithic mesoporous silica as template and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloridoferrate(III) [Bmim][FeCl4] as carbon and iron source. After heat treatment (750 degrees C under argon) of the [Bmim][FeCl4] precursor confined within the silica matrix, the silica exotemplate was removed with HF leaving the mesoporous C/Fe3C hybrid behind. The surface areas and the pore sizes depend on the exotemplate and the surface areas a significantly larger than any other surface area reported for C/Fe3C hybrid materials so far. The approach is thus a prototype for the synthesis of high-surface area iron carbide-based hybrid materials with potential application in catalysis.}, language = {en} }