@article{KhalilKohlerTjaden2022,
  author    = {Khalil, Samir and Kohler, Ulrich and Tjaden, Jasper},
  title     = {Is there a rural penalty in language acquisition?},
  series = {Frontiers in sociology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in sociology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2297-7775},
  doi       = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the "null effect" is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KohlerPost2023,
  author    = {Kohler, Ulrich and Post, Julia C.},
  title     = {Welcher Zweck heiligt die Mittel?},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Oldenburg},
  issn      = {2366-0325},
  doi       = {10.1515/zfsoz-2023-2001},
  pages     = {67 -- 88},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Im Vergleich zu Umfragen an Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben bieten Umfragen an Access-Panels, die auf Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben basieren, unbestreitbare wirtschaftliche Vorteile. Diese Vorteile gehen jedoch mit unvermeidbaren Qualit{\"a}tseinbußen einher, die auch dann bestehen bleiben, wenn Erstere sehr niedrige Responseraten haben. Daher m{\"u}ssen die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile und die methodischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese Abw{\"a}gung anhand normativer Festlegungen erfolgen muss. Unter Anwendung der hier vorgeschlagenen Maßst{\"a}be kommt der Beitrag zu dem Schluss, dass die Qualit{\"a}tsanspr{\"u}che an {\"u}ber Massenmedien verbreitete Meinungsumfragen h{\"o}her sein sollten als f{\"u}r rein (sozial)wissenschaftliche Zwecke.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KohlerPost2023,
  author    = {Kohler, Ulrich and Post, Julia C.},
  title     = {Pulp Science?},
  series = {Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik : GWP : Sozialwissenschaften f{\"u}r politische Bildung},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik : GWP : Sozialwissenschaften f{\"u}r politische Bildung},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Budrich},
  address   = {Leverkusen},
  issn      = {2196-1654},
  doi       = {10.3224/gwp.v72i4.09},
  pages     = {475 -- 483},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KhalilKohlerTjaden2022,
  author    = {Khalil, Samir and Kohler, Ulrich and Tjaden, Jasper Dag},
  title     = {Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy},
  series = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2297-7775},
  doi       = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the "null effect" is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KhalilKohlerTjaden2022,
  author    = {Khalil, Samir and Kohler, Ulrich and Tjaden, Jasper Dag},
  title     = {Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1867-5808},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56626},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566264},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the "null effect" is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PostClassKohler2020,
  author    = {Post, Julia C. and Class, Fabian and Kohler, Ulrich},
  title     = {Unit nonresponse biases in estimates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence},
  series = {Survey research methods},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Survey research methods},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {European Survey Research Association},
  address   = {Duisburg},
  issn      = {1864-3361},
  doi       = {10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7755},
  pages     = {115 -- 121},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Since COVID-19 became a pandemic, many studies are being conducted to get a better understanding of the disease itself and its spread. One crucial indicator is the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Since this measure is an important foundation for political decisions, its estimate must be reliable and unbiased. This paper presents reasons for biases in prevalence estimates due to unit nonresponse in typical studies. Since it is difficult to avoid bias in situations with mostly unknown nonresponse mechanisms, we propose the maximum amount of bias as one measure to assess the uncertainty due to nonresponse. An interactive web application is presented that calculates the limits of such a conservative unit nonresponse confidence interval (CUNCI).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KohlerBradyGuerraetal.2023,
  author    = {Kohler, Ulrich and Brady, David and Guerra, Christian and Link, Bruce},
  title     = {The long term relationship between Medicaid expansion and adult life-threatening chronic conditions},
  series = {Social policy and administration},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Social policy and administration},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0144-5596},
  doi       = {10.1111/spol.12942},
  pages     = {39 -- 60},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {We test whether the expansions of children's Medicaid eligibility in the 1980s-1990s resulted in long-term health benefits in terms of severe chronic conditions. Still relatively rare in the field, we use prospective individual-level panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) along with the higher quality income measures from the Cross-National Equivalent File (adjusting for taxes, transfers and household size). We observe severe chronic conditions (high blood pressure/heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or lung disease) at ages 30-56 (average age 43.1) for 4670 respondents who were also prospectively observed during childhood (i.e., at ages 0-17). Our analysis exploits within-region temporal variation in childhood Medicaid eligibility and adjusts for state- and individual-level controls. We uniquely concentrate attention on adjusting for childhood income. A standard deviation greater childhood Medicaid eligibility significantly reduces the probability of severe chronic conditions in adulthood by 0.05 to 0.12 (16\%-37.5\% reduction from mean 0.32). Across the range of observed childhood Medicaid eligibility, the probability is approximately cut in half. Greater childhood Medicaid eligibility also substantially reduces childhood income disparities in severe chronic conditions. At higher levels of childhood Medicaid eligibility, we find no significant childhood income disparities in adult severe chronic conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}