@article{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Pasigraf{\´i}a y antipasigraf{\´i}a a finales del siglo XVIII y a principios del siglo XIX}, volume = {41}, editor = {Calero Vaquerao, Mar{\´i}a Luisa}, publisher = {Infoling}, address = {Barcelona}, issn = {1139-8736}, pages = {169 -- 192}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In 1797 a rather short work appeared in Paris in two volumes, under the title Pasigraphie in both its French and German versions. The author, Joseph de Maimieux (1753-1820), is said to have coined the term pasigraphie. With the invention of pasigraphy, Maimieux pursued the goal of creating a conceptually based writing system that could be applied to all languages. In this way, a text written in this script could be read in all languages. The pasigraphic system is based on an a priori system of conceptual classification to which written characters are assigned. It is therefore initially an exclusively written language, on which Maimieux two years later also built a spoken language with the Pasilalie. The first arguments against the endeavour represented by the Pasigraphie were brought forward by Maimieux' immediate contemporaries, the ideologues. These objections were re-affirmed in particular by Johann Severin Vater. The decisive difference between Maimieux and his critics lies in the determination of the role of signs in the formation of concepts. While for Maimieux the signs only name the finished concepts, his critics argued that signs have a function in the constitution of the concepts. A universal language is therefore ultimately not possible, since there are no universal concepts and the individual languages lead to different conceptual structures.}, language = {es} } @misc{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Pr{\´e}sentation}, series = {Collocations et traditions discursives Actes du Colloque du Coll{\`e}ge Doctoral Franco-allemand (CDFA) tenu {\`a} l'Universit{\´e} de Potsdam le 4 juillet 2018 (Linx : revue des linguistes de l'Universit{\´e} Paris Ouest Nanterre La D{\´e}fense)}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Collocations et traditions discursives Actes du Colloque du Coll{\`e}ge Doctoral Franco-allemand (CDFA) tenu {\`a} l'Universit{\´e} de Potsdam le 4 juillet 2018 (Linx : revue des linguistes de l'Universit{\´e} Paris Ouest Nanterre La D{\´e}fense)}, number = {13}, editor = {Haßler, Gerda}, issn = {2118-9692}, doi = {10.4000/linx.3842}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {The Functional-Communicative Approach to Language of the Potsdam School in the German Democratic Republic}, series = {History of Humanities}, volume = {5}, journal = {History of Humanities}, number = {1}, publisher = {The University of Chicago Press Journals}, address = {Chicago}, issn = {2379-3163}, pages = {31 -- 49}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @incollection{HasslerBoehm2019, author = {Haßler, Gerda and B{\"o}hm, Ver{\´o}nica Julia}, title = {La integraci{\´o}n de la aspectualidad como categor{\´i}a sem{\´a}ntico-funcional en la ling{\"u}{\´i}stica espa{\~n}ola}, series = {Clases y categor{\´i}as en la sem{\´a}ntica del espa{\~n}ol y sus interfaces}, volume = {2019}, booktitle = {Clases y categor{\´i}as en la sem{\´a}ntica del espa{\~n}ol y sus interfaces}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin, Boston}, isbn = {978-3-11-063362-7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195 -- 216}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Adverbal expression of aspectuality and interaction with perfective and imperfective verbs}, series = {Russian Grammar: System - Usus - Variation/Русская грамматика: Cистема - узус - варьирование}, journal = {Russian Grammar: System - Usus - Variation/Русская грамматика: Cистема - узус - варьирование}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-87748-7}, pages = {219 -- 234}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper intends to explore the interaction between aspect and lexical means, in this case temporal adverbials, in the bounding of representations of situations. First, the theoretical basis is outlined, followed by the results of a corpus analysis of coccurrences with adverbs that limit situations. The term situation encompasses all representable processes, states, events, or actions. Finally, some theoretical conclusions are drawn concerning the cognitive category of bounding, using the example of aspectuality. The imperfective verb forms maintain their aspectuality in delimiting connections with adverbs, resulting in a complex, multi-dimensional aspectuality. In nongrammaticalized forms, such as lexical markers, the speaker is free to make a temporal localization or an aspectual perspective. Lexical expressions can make temporal and aspect markings even more precisely and clearly than tenses. They can also limit or extend situations and thus express aspect. Aspectuality thus presents itself as a compositional category, in which external bounding and the internal representation of a course of action or development can interact.}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2022, author = {Hassler, Gerda}, title = {Jos{\´e} Jes{\´u}s G{\´o}mez Asencio (4.5.1953 - 20.3.2022)}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, volume = {16}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, number = {32/2}, publisher = {Nodus-Publ.}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, issn = {0939-2815}, pages = {131 -- 136}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @misc{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Ein goldenes Jahrhundert der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft in Deutschland und sein Prolog}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, volume = {31}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, number = {1}, pages = {129 -- 164}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {L'ellipse - un principe d'explication syntaxique et pragmatique dans l'histoire de la linguistique et dans des th{\´e}ories modernes}, series = {R{\´e}duction - densification - {\´e}lision. Formes r{\´e}duites et leurs fonctions}, volume = {2021}, booktitle = {R{\´e}duction - densification - {\´e}lision. Formes r{\´e}duites et leurs fonctions}, publisher = {Nodus}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-89323-025-9}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {125 -- 141}, year = {2021}, language = {fr} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {L'expression de l'{\´e}vidence directe en fran{\c{c}}ais}, series = {De la diachronie {\`a} la synchronie et vice versa. M{\´e}langes offerts {\`a} Annie Bertin par ses {\´e}tudiants et ses amis en remerciement pour son apport aux {\´e}tudes diachroniques}, booktitle = {De la diachronie {\`a} la synchronie et vice versa. M{\´e}langes offerts {\`a} Annie Bertin par ses {\´e}tudiants et ses amis en remerciement pour son apport aux {\´e}tudes diachroniques}, publisher = {Presses universitaires Savoie Mont Blanc}, address = {Savoie}, isbn = {978-2-37741-069-9}, pages = {423 -- 440}, year = {2021}, language = {fr} } @misc{Hassler2022, author = {Hassler, Gerda}, title = {Rezension zu: Wilhelm von Humboldt: Einleitende und vergleichende amerikanische Arbeiten [Introductory and Comparative American Works] / Edited by Manfred Ringmacher with the collaboration of Ute Tintemann, and with contributions by Jenne Klimp \& Frank Zimmer. - Paderborn: Ferdinand Sch{\"o}ningh, 2016. - viii, 496 pp. - (Wilhelm von Humboldt Schriften zur Sprachwissenschaft, 3.1). - ISBN 978-3-506-78416-2}, series = {Historiographia Linguistica}, volume = {48}, journal = {Historiographia Linguistica}, number = {2-3}, publisher = {Benjamins}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1569-9781}, doi = {10.1075/hl.00090.has}, pages = {323 -- 331}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2022, author = {Hassler, Gerda}, title = {Paradigmenwechsel in der russischen Soziolinguistik}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, volume = {32}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nodus}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, issn = {0939-2815}, pages = {137 -- 145}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2010, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La relation entre la philosophie du langage et la s{\´e}mantique chez Coseriu}, series = {Eugenio Coseriu aujourd'hui : linguistique et philosophie du langage}, booktitle = {Eugenio Coseriu aujourd'hui : linguistique et philosophie du langage}, editor = {G{\´e}rard, Christophe and Missire, R{\´e}gis}, publisher = {Lambert-Lucas}, address = {Limoges}, isbn = {978-2-35935-114-9}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {21 -- 33}, year = {2010}, language = {fr} } @incollection{Hassler2013, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Versteckte Modalit{\"a}t in romanischen Sprachen und im Deutschen}, series = {Comparatio delectat II. Akten der VII. Internationalen Arbeitstagung zum romanisch-deutschen und innerromanischen Sprachvergleich Innsbruck, 6.-8. September 2012}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {Comparatio delectat II. Akten der VII. Internationalen Arbeitstagung zum romanisch-deutschen und innerromanischen Sprachvergleich Innsbruck, 6.-8. September 2012}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-653-03201-7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In den romanischen Sprachen stehen Verbalmodi, Modalverben, Modaladverbien und Modalpartikeln zum Ausdruck von Modalit{\"a}t zur Verf{\"u}gung, die schon h{\"a}ufig mit dem Deutschen verglichen wurden. In diesem Beitrag soll es um Entsprechungen versteckter, sogenannter coverter Modalit{\"a}t gehen (vgl. Abraham / Leiss 2012, Haßler 2012). Zun{\"a}chst soll das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Modalit{\"a}t dargelegt werden, um dann ihre coverten Formen einzuordnen. Die gegenseitigen Entsprechungen werden an Beispielen analysiert und schließlich wird ein Vorschlag entwickelt, wie die Mittel der Modalisierung als sprachspezifisch und zu einem Kontinuum geh{\"o}rend beschrieben werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2014, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Unit{\`a} e diversit{\`a} delle teorie linguistiche del XVII e del XVIII secolo}, series = {Linguaggio, filosofia, fisiologia nell'et{\`a} moderna : Atti del Convegno Roma 23-25 gennaio 2014 (ILIESI digitale. Ricerche filosofiche e lessicali ; 1)}, booktitle = {Linguaggio, filosofia, fisiologia nell'et{\`a} moderna : Atti del Convegno Roma 23-25 gennaio 2014 (ILIESI digitale. Ricerche filosofiche e lessicali ; 1)}, publisher = {Istituto per il Lessica Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee}, address = {Rom}, isbn = {978-88-9782-803-7}, issn = {2464-8698}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82010}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {273 -- 296}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Uno sguardo che renda omogenee le teorie della lingua relative al XVII e al XVIII secolo non pu{\`o} cogliere che a grandi linee la realt{\`a} delle concezioni della lingua abbracciate in questo periodo. Il riconoscimento di una teoria cartesiana della lingua come la spiegazione indifferenziata degli sviluppi conseguenti il passaggio da visioni razionalistiche a concezioni orientate ai sensi sono risultato di tale omogeneizzazione, un processo che contempla la realt{\`a} solo in parte. Il pensiero linguistico era contrassegnato da un misto di forme di riflessione di carattere narrativo e di tipo concettuale-razionale che si completavano in modo reciproco. Se l'approccio concettuale tentava di rilevare le propriet{\`a} fondamentali della lingua e ordinarle razionalmente, le forme narrative della riflessione linguistica non si rivolgevano alla lingua in quanto oggetto concettuale. Piuttosto la rappresentavano come oggetto da comprendere. Gli approcci narrativi e concettuali alla lingua prevedono differenze discorsive nelle impostazioni teorico-linguistiche. Anche lo stampo del pensiero teoretico-linguistico contribuisce, attraverso tradizioni differenti, alla molteplicit{\`a} delle vedute teoretico-linguistiche. Per tradizioni intendiamo posizioni dominanti nella riflessione metalinguistica, presenti in contesti regionali, che possono differenziarsi da altre tradizioni. Ad ogni modo, anche il ritardato sviluppo o la ricezione di teorie linguistiche pu{\`o} condurre a differenze caratteristiche. Le teorie linguistiche dell´Illuminismo furono per esempio recepite in Spagna pi{\`u} tardi che in altri Paesi europei. Ci{\`o} condusse all'accettazione sincronica di elementi teorici relativi a teorie diverse e consecutive. Se si concentra l'attenzione al di fuori dell'Europa si verr{\`a} attratti dallo sviluppo degli approcci analoghi alla riflessione linguistica che trovarono sviluppo in Cina all'inizio del XX secolo. Unit{\`a} e diversit{\`a} sono tuttavia rintracciabili non solo sul piano della conoscenza metalinguistica ma anche sul piano dell'oggetto. Una sfida per la descrizione della lingua orientata alla tradizione greco-latina era rappresentata dalle lingue indigene con le quali si stava iniziando ad entrare in contatto attraverso i viaggi di scoperta e in seguito all'inizio del colonialismo. Da affiancare alla comunicazione esogena della trasmissione metalinguistica dei rapporti nell'ambito delle lingue europee sono presenti anche approcci per una percezione della specificit{\`a} categoriale delle lingue americane. Sebbene in alcuni casi non verranno riconosciute le giuste categorizzazioni per le lingue descritte, per lo meno verr{\`a} assodato che le categorie rese note dalla grammatica latina non sussistono. Nella ricerca degli ultimi decenni, la rappresentazione di un paradigma della filosofia della lingua del XVII e del XVIII secolo che postordini e subordini universalmente la molteplicit{\`a} delle lingue a strutture valide di pensiero e che prescriva per la riflessione linguistica categorie fisse di una grammatica generale strettamente orientata alla logica razionalistica {\`e} stata pi{\`u} volte relativizzata. In quanto connessa con la fondatezza dell'unit{\`a} e con l'inalterabilit{\`a} del genere umano a seconda di spazio e tempo, la tesi che le lingue nella loro natura molteplice possano esistere solo alle dipendenze di una struttura universale del pensiero si lasciava catalogare tra quelle posizioni paradigmatiche sussistenti nell'ambito della filosofia della lingua di allora. Attraverso la conoscenza dell'origine storica dell'evoluzione dell'uomo, di tutti i suoi stili di vita e forme di comunicazione, assume rilievo un'altra posizione paradigmatica che attribuisce alla lingua un influsso formativo sul pensiero. Attraverso la differenziazione ideologico-filosofica e la specificit{\`a} nazionale delle sue tesi relative alla lingua in generale e alle lingue storiche in particolare la visione secolarizzata dell'uomo e della societ{\`a} elaborata all'apice dell'Illuminismo si associava allo sviluppo corrispettivo e al cambiamento delle posizioni teorico-linguistiche. Con la proclamazione della lingua e del pensiero come risultati di un lungo sviluppo corrispettivo nella storia dell'umanit{\`a} viene assegnato nuovo valore alle prese di posizione sulla natura e sull'origine della lingua.}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2013, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La vision linguistique du monde : mythe et r{\´e}alit{\´e} de l'utilisation d'une notion humboldtienne au XXe si{\`e}cle}, series = {Dossiers d'HEL ; SHESL}, journal = {Dossiers d'HEL ; SHESL}, number = {6}, address = {Paris}, issn = {1638-1580}, pages = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Les repr{\´e}sentants du relativisme linguistique du XX{\`e}me si{\`e}cle qui se r{\´e}clament de l'histoire de leur th{\´e}orie mentionnent normalement Guillaume de Humboldt comme initiateur de l'id{\´e}e que la mani{\`e}re particuli{\`e}re de penser d'un peuple d{\´e}pendrait de sa langue. La th{\´e}orie de Humboldt s'av{\`e}re, cependant, difficilement maniable dans la recherche linguistique. Malgr{\´e} une similitude {\´e}vidente dans certaines positions, comme par exemple les concepts d''articulation' et de 'valeur', le renouvellement de la linguistique sur une base saussurienne, au d{\´e}but du XX{\`e}me si{\`e}cle, se passait des id{\´e}es de Humboldt. Il n'y avait que quelques philologues 'id{\´e}alistes' qui poursuivaient ce type de recherche. Ainsi, Karl Vossler constatait un parall{\´e}lisme entre la langue et la culture et les consid{\´e}rait comme r{\´e}sultats de la cr{\´e}ation humaine. Le m{\´e}contentement quant {\`a} la description des langues selon le paradigme positiviste des n{\´e}ogrammairiens s'articulait nettement. Le concept d'une vision linguistique du monde fut d{\´e}velopp{\´e} dans la th{\´e}orie des n{\´e}ohumboldtiens (Weisgerber, Trier et autres) qui affirmaient que l'individu s'approprie le monde {\`a} travers la langue. Des diff{\´e}rences entre des langues influeraient consid{\´e}rablement sur les facult{\´e}s cognitives des hommes et sur leur comportement. L'id{\´e}e humboldtienne de l'energeia se trouvait exclue de ces th{\´e}ories qui aspiraient {\`a} un renouvellement de la langue maternelle dans le sens d'une 'grammaire {\`a} partir du contenu' (inhaltbezogene Grammatik). Ce type de r{\´e}flexion linguistique se pr{\^e}tait aussi {\`a} une utilisation politique sous le national-socialisme. La th{\´e}orie de Weisgerber, d{\´e}clar{\´e}e comme antiraciste et anti-national-socialiste par l'auteur lui-m{\^e}me, fut consid{\´e}r{\´e}e comme « mother-tongue fascism » par Christopher Hutton. La relation entre le relativisme linguistique et la doctrine nationale-socialiste est {\´e}vidente dans les {\´e}crits de plusieurs auteurs, par exemple dans « notre langue maternelle comme arme et instrument de la pens{\´e}e allemande » de Georg Schmidt-Rohr. Il y eut des implications racistes de la th{\´e}orie de quelques indo-germanistes bien avant 1933. L'influence des n{\´e}ohumboldtiens s'est poursuivie jusqu'aux ann{\´e}es 60, {\´e}poque o{\`u} ils durent faire place {\`a} des linguistes structuralistes et g{\´e}n{\´e}rativistes. On trouve dans quelques v{\´e}rifications plus r{\´e}centes du relativisme linguistique des r{\´e}f{\´e}rences {\`a} des textes ant{\´e}rieurs {\`a} Humboldt. Par exemple, Gumperz et Levison (1996) citent le concours de l'Acad{\´e}mie de Berlin sur la question suivante : Quelle est l'influence r{\´e}ciproque des opinions du peuple sur le langage et du langage sur les opinions? Est-ce que cet {\´e}largissement de l'horizon de r{\´e}trospection a quelque chose {\`a} voir avec la conscience d'une port{\´e}e sociale possible de cette th{\´e}orie ?}, language = {fr} } @book{Hassler2016, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La historiograf{\´i}a de la ling{\"u}{\´i}stica y la memoria de la ling{\"u}{\´i}stica moderna}, series = {Studium Sprachwissenschaft / Beiheft ; 43}, journal = {Studium Sprachwissenschaft / Beiheft ; 43}, editor = {Calero Vaquerao, Mar{\´i}a Luisa and Haßler, Gerda}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Nodus Publikationen}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-89323-143-0}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {232}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Gerda Haßler, Mar{\´i}a Luisa Calero Vaquera: Prefacio — Hacia un di{\´a}logo necesario entre el pasado y el presente de la ling{\"u}{\´i}stica / Susana Azpiazu, Carmen Quijada: El trabajo de Alarcos sobre los perfectos simple y compuesto en espa{\~n}ol como hito gramaticogr{\´a}fico: antecedentes y proyecci{\´o}n / Ver{\´o}nica B{\"o}hm, Anja Hennemann: Algunas reflexiones historiogr{\´a}ficas y recientes sobre el uso del subjuntivo en espa{\~n}ol / Carmen Gal{\´a}n Rodr{\´i}guez: Un outsider de la Ling{\"u}{\´i}stica — Alberto Liptay y su proyecto Lengua Cat{\´o}lica / Manuel Galeote: Los Discursos (1607) de Echave Orio. La lengua vascongada y su antig{\"u}edad / Jos{\´e} Mar{\´i}a Garc{\´i}a Mart{\´i}n: El valor del Glosario de voces antiquadas y raras contenido en el Fulero Juzgo (1815). El ejemplo del adverbio / Rolf Kemmler: Die Kurzgefaßte Spanische Grammatik (1778) von Friedrich Gottlieb Barth (1738-1794) / Xavier Laborda Gil: Tiempo personal e historia en 24 autobiograf{\´i}as de ling{\"u}istas espa{\~n}oles / Mar{\´i}a Dolores Mart{\´i}nez Gavil{\´a}n: Los inicios del racionalismo en la tradici{\´o}n gramatical espa{\~n}ola (de 1614 a 1769) / Mario Pedrazuela Fuentes: Una visi{\´o}n de la filolog{\´i}a europea de entreguerras a trav{\´e}s del archivo de Jos{\´e} Fern{\´a}ndez Montesinos / Barbara Sch{\"a}fer- Prieß: Universalistische Sprachtheorie in volkssprachlichen Grammatiken des 17. Jahrhunderts. Amaro de Roboredos M{\´e}todo gramatical (1619) und Gonzalo Correas' Arte grande (1625) / Isabel Zollna: Continuidad y (re-)comienzo en la ling{\"u}{\´i}stica de la Espa{\~n}a decimon{\´o}nica. Tradici{\´o}n y modernidad en la gram{\´a}tica general de Garc{\´i}a Luna (1845)}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Tagungsbericht Internationales Kolloquium Revolutions saussuriennes, Genf 20.-22. Juni 2007}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @misc{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Dahmen, W. (Hrsg.), Gebrauchsgrammatik und Gelehrte Grammatik: franz{\"o}sische Sprachlehre und Grammatikographie zwischen Maas und Rhein vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahhundert; T{\"u}bingen, Narr, 2001}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Bello, Andr{\´e}s (1781-1865)}, series = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, journal = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, editor = {Brown, Keith}, edition = {2nd ed.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Burlington}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {History of Linguistics : Schools and Traditions 18th century Linguistic Thought}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Der unendliche Gebrauch endlicher Mittel : Erkl{\"a}rungen sprachlicher Kreativit{\"a}t des Menschen}, isbn = {978-3-534-17505-5}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Tropen als Stilmittel : Kognitive Erkl{\"a}rung und pragmatische Funktion}, isbn = {978-3-631-56115-7}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Le Tr{\´e}sor des vocabulaires francophones (TVF) : objectif descriptif - r{\´e}ponse normatives?}, isbn = {978-3-631-56596-4}, year = {2008}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Le marquage epistemique de l enonce en francais parle}, year = {2008}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Les id{\´e}ologues et leurs sources : textes de r{\´e}f{\´e}rence et s{\´e}ries de textes dans la constitution d'un paradigme notionnel}, year = {2008}, language = {fr} } @article{HasslerHuemmerGlikman2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda and H{\"u}mmer, Christiane and Glikman, Julie}, title = {La traduction en allemande de locutions pr{\´e}positives avec sous}, year = {2008}, language = {fr} } @book{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Der XII. Internationale Aufkl{\"a}rungskongress : ein Kurzbericht}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Internationales Kolloquium Coseriu : receptions contemporaines ; ein Kurzbericht}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Temas, remas, focos y t{\´o}picos en la oralidad fingida y en su traducci{\´o}n}, isbn = {978-3-8652-7417-5}, year = {2008}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Recursos evidenciales en las lenguas romances : un estudio funcional y comparativo}, isbn = {978-3-936609-31-8}, year = {2008}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Temas, remas, focos y t{\´o}picos en la oralidad fingida y en su traducci{\´o}n}, isbn = {978-84-8489-397-4}, year = {2008}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Sprachvergleichende und diachronische Betrachtungen zur Grammatikalisierung aspektueller Periphrasen mit Bewegungsverben in romanischen Sprachen}, isbn = {978-3- 8233-6362-0}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2008, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Pr{\´o}logo}, isbn = {978-84-936171-2-7}, year = {2008}, language = {es} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Alarcos Llorach, Emilio (1922-1998)}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2007, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Zur Geschichte des Sprachunterrichts in Spanien 15.-20. Jahrhundert}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2007, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {"Para evadirmede la realidiad me gusta m{\´a}s la ficci{\´o}n" : reflexiones ling{\"u}{\´i}sticas sobre Margarita Salas y Carmen Iglesias}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2007, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Las part{\´i}culas entre la gram{\´a}tica y la lexicograf{\´i}a}, isbn = {3-86143-174-2}, year = {2007}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2007, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Normierungsdiskurse in der Sprachgeschichte und der Historiographie der Sprachwissenschaft : das Beispiel der Remarqueurs}, isbn = {978-3-8233-6316-3}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2009, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {L'apport s{\´e}mantique du paradigme {\´e}pist{\´e}mologique du sensualisme au lexique des {\´e}motions}, isbn = {978-2-84310-149-6}, year = {2009}, language = {fr} } @misc{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Meier, G.F., Fr{\"u}he Schriften zur {\"a}sthetischen Erziehung der Deutschen in 3 Teilen; Halle, Hallescher Verl., 1999}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Nebrija, Elio Antonio de (1444?-1522)}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Herv{\´a}s y Panduro, Lorenzo}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Brosses, Charles de (1709-1777)}, series = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, journal = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, editor = {Brown, Keith}, edition = {2nd ed.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Burlington}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Beauz{\´e}e, Nicolas (1717-1789)}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {History of Linguistics : Schools and Traditions ; Meaning: Pre-20th century theories}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Dois Ant{\´i}dotos da l{\´i}ngua no S{\´e}culo XVIII}, isbn = {978-3-925203-97-8}, year = {2006}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {A Fala : normalizaci{\´o}n tard{\´i}a e identidad cultural}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Los conceptos en el per{\´i}odo del nacimiento del estructuralismo y su transmisi{\´o}n en Espa{\~n}a}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Diversit{\´e} des langues {\`a} la fin du XVIIIe si{\`e}cle}, year = {2006}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Zwischen Konservieren und Prognostizieren : vom Wert begriffsbezogener Forschungen in der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Klaus D. Dutz (1953-2006) y Peter Schmitter (1943-2006)}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Objektspr{\"a}dikativa und direkte Objekte im Sprachvergleich : ein Beitrag zur Argumentstruktur von Verben}, isbn = {3-86143-163-7}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {El uso evidencial de adverbios modales}, isbn = {3-86596-004-9}, year = {2005}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Verbsemantik, Koreferenz und Passivf{\"a}higkeit}, isbn = {3-631-50960-x}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Grammaire g{\´e}n{\´e}rale, philosophie et philologie dans l{\"i}oeuvre de Thurot}, isbn = {2-84867- 085-1}, year = {2005}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Las part{\´i}culas : una denominaci{\´o}n metaling{\"u}{\´i}stica y su contenido}, isbn = {3-631-53891-X}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Topik und Fokus in romanischen Sprachen}, isbn = {3-8233-6174-0}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Dialogues entre fran{\c{c}}ais, espagnols et allemands au XVIIe si{\`e}cle}, isbn = {2-9515883-5-6}, year = {2005}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Stereotype und Autonymie in Presseberichten {\"u}ber slavische L{\"a}nder in romanischen Sprachen}, isbn = {3-631-53154-0}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La reflexi{\´o}n sobre el lenguaje en Espa{\~n}a entre la tradici{\´o}n e innovaci{\´o}n dieciochescas}, isbn = {3-631-53345-4}, year = {2005}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Les ma{\^i}tres de langues et la constitution de la philologie romane en Allemagne}, year = {2005}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Figement et d{\´e}figement polylexical : l'effet des modifications dans les locutions fig{\´e}es}, year = {2005}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2005, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Dictionnaire onomasiologique et m{\´e}talangage des XVII{\`e}me et XVIII{\`e}me si{\`e}cles}, year = {2005}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Sprachensammlungen - Deskription von Sprachen - Methodensprung : {\"U}berlegungen zur Konstituierung der historisch-vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft im fr{\"u}hen 19. Jahrhundert}, isbn = {3-85124-695-0}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Wege und Gefahren einer linguistischen Begriffsgeschichte : ein Nachwort}, isbn = {3-89323-227-3}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {El discurso normativo sobre el orden de las palabras en espa{\~n}ol}, isbn = {3-86527-162-6}, year = {2004}, language = {es} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Typologie und Anthropologie bei Herv{\´a}s y Panduro}, isbn = {3-932324-29-3}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Pr{\"a}dikativa als sprachtheoretisches und deskriptives Problem}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Bon usage et langue parfaite : la pr{\´e}sence des remarqueurs dans le d{\´e}bat sur l{\"i}universalit{\´e} de la langue fran{\c{c}}aise au XVIIIe si{\`e}cle}, isbn = {2-7535-0044-4}, year = {2004}, language = {fr} } @misc{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Rosenfeld, S., A Revolution in Language: the Problem of Signs in Late Eighteenth-Century France; Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2001}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2004, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Kniffka, H. (Hrsg.), Grammatik im Kulturvergleich: Indigenous Grammar Across Cultures; Frankfurt am Main, Lang, 2001}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Sprachbewusstsein und Tradition in der spanischen und portugiesischen Aufkl{\"a}rung}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La notion d'empirique dans l'histoire des sciences du langage : l'apport d'{\´e}tudes s{\´e}rielles}, year = {2003}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Zwischen den Zw{\"a}ngen des Sprachwandels und den Herausforderungen der Kulturgeschichte : Grenzg{\"a}nge einer textbasierten romanischen Sprachgeschichte}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Neuere Diskussionen um ein sprachliches Relativit{\"a}tsprinzip : Innovation und Retrospektionshorizont}, isbn = {3-89323-218-4}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Scepticism and semantic theory from Locke to Du Marsais}, isbn = {1-4020-1377-9}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Am{\´e}nagement linguistique et normalisation de la langue portugaise : l'Antidoto da Lingua Portugueza}, isbn = {2-84269-593-3}, year = {2003}, language = {pt} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Modalisierung und Vagheit in der italienischen Pressesprache}, isbn = {3-484-50712-8}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Sprache und Evidenz}, isbn = {3-929887-35-5}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2003, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Epistemic modality revisited: evidential functions of lexical and grammatical forms in Romance languages}, isbn = {80-8673221-5}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2002, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La langue et sa vision du monde : attribution r{\´e}ciproque de st{\´e}r{\´e}otypes ; une approche compar{\´e}e du fran{\c{c}}aise et de l'allemand}, issn = {1167-4733}, year = {2002}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2002, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Sprachkontakt und Sprachbeschreibung : zum Bewusstwerden der Grenzen einer Tradition der Grammatikschreibung}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2002, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Aufkl{\"a}rung und Moderne in Selbst- und Fremdbezeichnungen : Gebrauch und Wertung von Lexemen auf dem Hintergrund der Bezeichnungsentwicklung im Spanischen und Franz{\"o}sischen}, isbn = {3-631-36276-5}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2002, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Wortfamilien in kontrastiver Sicht}, isbn = {3-11-011308-2}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2002, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Textos de referencia y conceptos en las teor{\´i}as ling{\"u}{\´i}sticas de los siglos XVII y XVIII}, isbn = {3-87548-316-2}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @book{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Contactos lingu{\´i}sticos na sequ{\^e}ncia da expans{\~a}o portuguesa}, series = {Iberolinguistica ; Band 5}, journal = {Iberolinguistica ; Band 5}, editor = {Haßler, Gerda and Sch{\"a}fer-Prieß, Barbara}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-80722-4}, pages = {220}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Como povo mar{\´i}timo que no s{\´e}culo XV iniciou a expans{\~a}o atl{\^a}ntica europeia, os portugueses entraram cedo em contacto com muitas culturas e l{\´i}nguas diferentes. O contacto entre as l{\´i}nguas fez surgir varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es, o que atualmente se traduz numa polifonia no espa{\c{c}}o lingu{\´i}stico lus{\´o}fono e em cujo desenvolvimento ocorreram v{\´a}rios processos de transforma{\c{c}}{\~a}o.}, language = {pt} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {A polifonia na fala prof{\´e}tica parodiada e na mudan{\c{c}}a de perspetiva}, series = {Contactos lingu{\´i}sticos na sequ{\^e}ncia da expans{\~a}o portuguesa}, booktitle = {Contactos lingu{\´i}sticos na sequ{\^e}ncia da expans{\~a}o portuguesa}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-80722-4}, pages = {205 -- 220}, year = {2021}, language = {pt} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Die Konzepte ‛brevitas' und ‛prolixitas' in der franz{\"o}sischen Encyclop{\´e}die}, series = {Brevitas \& Prolixitas}, booktitle = {Brevitas \& Prolixitas}, publisher = {Nodus Publikationen}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-89323-817-0}, pages = {55 -- 68}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der Konstruktionsgrammatik am Beispiel der Erkl{\"a}rung der Polysemie}, series = {Konstruktionsgrammatische Zug{\"a}nge zu romanischen Sprachen}, booktitle = {Konstruktionsgrammatische Zug{\"a}nge zu romanischen Sprachen}, publisher = {Frank \& Timme}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-7329-0741-0}, pages = {335 -- 365}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2021, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {L'expression adverbiale de l'aspectualit{\´e} et son interaction avec des formes verbales}, series = {Actes du XXIXe Congr{\`e}s international de linguistique et de philologie romanes (Copenhague, 1-6 juillet 2019)}, booktitle = {Actes du XXIXe Congr{\`e}s international de linguistique et de philologie romanes (Copenhague, 1-6 juillet 2019)}, publisher = {{\´E}ditions de Linguistique et de philologie (ELiPhi)}, address = {Strasbourg}, isbn = {978-2-37276-053-9}, pages = {431 -- 442}, year = {2021}, language = {es} } @misc{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {La integraci{\´o}n del concepto de «aspectualidad» en gram{\´a}ticas espa{\~n}olas}, series = {Reuni{\´o}n del Grupo Gram{\´a}tica descriptiva e historiograf{\´i}a de la gram{\´a}tica espa{\~n}ola (GramHisGram) (Salamanca, 21.-22. Februar 2020)}, journal = {Reuni{\´o}n del Grupo Gram{\´a}tica descriptiva e historiograf{\´i}a de la gram{\´a}tica espa{\~n}ola (GramHisGram) (Salamanca, 21.-22. Februar 2020)}, publisher = {Universidad de Salamanca}, address = {Salamanca}, year = {2020}, language = {es} } @misc{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Rezension zu: De Palo, Marina: Saussure e gli strutturalismi : il soggetto parlante nel pensiero linguistico del Novecento / Prefazione de Tullio de Mauro. - Roma: Carocci, 2016, 314 S. - (Studi Superiori ; 1044). - ISBN 978-88-430-8205-6}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, volume = {30}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft}, number = {2}, pages = {317 -- 327}, year = {2020}, language = {it} } @article{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Humboldts Konzept einer sprachlichen Weltansicht und seine Stellung in der Geschichte des sprachlichen Relativismus}, series = {Aesthetics and Politics in Wilhelm von Humboldt}, volume = {6}, journal = {Aesthetics and Politics in Wilhelm von Humboldt}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\`a} di Pisa}, address = {Pisa}, issn = {2465-1060}, pages = {21 -- 63}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The idea of a linguistic worldview was clearly expressed in German national romantic thought of the early 19th century, where language was seen as the expression of the spirit of a nation. Wilhelm von Humboldt argued that every language shaped the world-view of its speakers, but he also saw a possibility to improve human knowledge in the co-action of languages. The idea of linguistic relativity can be found in John Locke's statement that words interpose themselves between our understandings and the truth which it would contemplate and apprehend. In the 18th century, we can find formulations that our language accustoms us to arrange our ideas in a specific way, that some languages are more suitable for certain kinds of thought, or that metaphors have significant influence on peoples' thought. In the 20thcentury the Neo-Humboldtian school revitalised the idea of an influence of language on thought in a reductionist way. At the end of the 20th century, some authors, for example John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson, tried to rethink linguistic relativity and to prove it by empirical results.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Aus Freude an der Sprache}, series = {Romanistik als Passion : Sternstunden der neueren Fachgeschichte VII}, booktitle = {Romanistik als Passion : Sternstunden der neueren Fachgeschichte VII}, publisher = {Lit}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-643-51010-5}, pages = {191 -- 206}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Unterschiedliche Darstellungsperspektiven von Konflikten}, series = {Demokratie- und Europabildung. Krisen und Konflikte und deren didaktisches Potential f{\"u}r den Fremdsprachenunterricht Franz{\"o}sisch}, booktitle = {Demokratie- und Europabildung. Krisen und Konflikte und deren didaktisches Potential f{\"u}r den Fremdsprachenunterricht Franz{\"o}sisch}, publisher = {WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag}, address = {Trier}, isbn = {978-3-86821-870-1}, pages = {23 -- 38}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Le tournant dans l'enseignement des langues {\´e}trang{\`e}res chez Wilhelm Vi{\"e}tor dans le contexte linguistique de l'{\´e}poque}, series = {Documents pour l'histoire du fran{\c{c}}ais langue {\´e}trang{\`e}re ou seconde : revue semestrielle}, journal = {Documents pour l'histoire du fran{\c{c}}ais langue {\´e}trang{\`e}re ou seconde : revue semestrielle}, number = {64-65}, publisher = {SIHFLES}, address = {Paris}, issn = {0992-7654}, pages = {75 -- 94}, year = {2020}, language = {fr} } @incollection{Hassler2020, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Die Kontinuit{\"a}t der Remarqueurs im Internet}, series = {Fehler - Abweichung - Variation. Sprachnormen aus linguistischer und didaktischer Sicht}, booktitle = {Fehler - Abweichung - Variation. Sprachnormen aus linguistischer und didaktischer Sicht}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-81819-0}, pages = {15 -- 37}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hassler2022, author = {Hassler, Gerda}, title = {Forme di rappresentazione narrative e concettuale nella trattazione di argomenti metalinguistici nel giornalismo spettatoriale del Settecento}, series = {I periodici settecenteschi come luogo di comunicazione dei saperi. Prospettive storiche, letterarie e linguistiche}, booktitle = {I periodici settecenteschi come luogo di comunicazione dei saperi. Prospettive storiche, letterarie e linguistiche}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-84028-3}, pages = {469 -- 491}, year = {2022}, language = {it} } @misc{Hassler2018, author = {Hassler, Gerda}, title = {Rezension zu: Bertrand, Ali{\`e}nor: Condillac, philosopher of language? - Lyon: ENS {\´E}ditions, 2016. - ISBN 978-2-84788-811-9}, series = {Historiographia Linguistica}, volume = {45}, journal = {Historiographia Linguistica}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0302-5160}, doi = {10.1075/hl.00022.has}, pages = {225 -- 234}, year = {2018}, language = {fr} } @article{Hassler2019, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Theory of signs and ideas on the relation between language and thought at the border between the 18th and 19th centuries}, series = {Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Jazyk i literatura}, volume = {16}, journal = {Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Jazyk i literatura}, number = {3}, publisher = {St. Petersburg University Press}, address = {Sankt-Peterburg}, issn = {2541-9358}, doi = {10.21638/spbu09.2019.308}, pages = {463 -- 479}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The name Ideologues refers to a group of philosophers, psychologists, grammarians, educational theorists and medical specialists who for a short period from 1795 to 1805 determined the intellectual climate in France and sought to develop a science of ideas (id{\´e}ologie). The Ideologues had a rather reserved attitude to Condillac's (1714-1780) ideas and his sensualist sign theory. They strove for the perfection of language for the needs of thought and of scientific knowledge. The connections with the Ideologues can also be discerned in Russia. In the educational theory, Jean-Baptiste Maudru (1740-1808) was close to the Ideologues and, despite his insufficient knowledge of the Russian language, made some interesting remarks on the connection between the language and the national character. According to Maudru and in agreement with the Ideologues, different typologies of word order are not just an indication of greater or lesser closeness to the natural order. Rather, they indicate differences in national character, which manifest themselves in the specific character of individual languages. Maudru taught at the military academy in Saint Petersburg and published the first Russian grammar in France (Maudru 1802). In his grammar, he sought to link mechanically the specific features of languages and of national characters with the climatic influences. His attempt to revive the theory of climatic influences was criticized by Karamzin. Karamzin also treated the discussion of the metaphoric extension of word meanings as an absurd undertaking, which had no place in grammar.}, language = {en} }