@article{SekutowiczGuggenmosKuitunenPauletal.2019,
  author    = {Sekutowicz, Maria and Guggenmos, Matthias and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Garbusow, Maria and Sebold, Miriam Hannah and Pelz, Patricia and Priller, Josef and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Smolka, Michael N. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Heinz, Andreas and Sterzer, Philipp and Schmack, Katharina},
  title     = {Neural Response Patterns During Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Predict Alcohol Relapse and Young Adult Drinking},
  series = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.028},
  pages     = {857 -- 863},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes the influence of conditioned stimuli on instrumental behaviors and is discussed as a key process underlying substance abuse. Here, we tested whether neural responses during alcohol-related PIT predict future relapse in alcohol-dependent patients and future drinking behavior in adolescents. METHODS: Recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (n = 52) and young adults without dependence (n = 136) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an alcohol-related PIT paradigm, and their drinking behavior was assessed in a 12-month follow-up. To predict future drinking behavior from PIT activation patterns, we used a multivoxel classification scheme based on linear support vector machines. RESULTS: When training and testing the classification scheme in patients, PIT activation patterns predicted future relapse with 71.2\% accuracy. Feature selection revealed that classification was exclusively based on activation patterns in medial prefrontal cortex. To probe the generalizability of this functional magnetic resonance imaging-based prediction of future drinking behavior, we applied the support vector machine classifier that had been trained on patients to PIT functional magnetic resonance imaging data from adolescents. An analysis of cross-classification predictions revealed that those young social drinkers who were classified as abstainers showed a greater reduction in alcohol consumption at 12-month follow-up than those classified as relapsers (Delta = -24.4 +/- 6.0 g vs. -5.7 +/- 3.6 g; p = .019). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neural responses during PIT could constitute a generalized prognostic marker for future drinking behavior in established alcohol use disorder and in at-risk states.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeboldSpittaGleichetal.2019,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam Hannah and Spitta, G. and Gleich, T. and Dembler-Stamm, T. and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, S. and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael Armin and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Heinz, A.},
  title     = {Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {126},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2},
  pages     = {1127 -- 1134},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Stress plays a key role in modulating addictive behavior and can cause relapse following periods of abstinence. Common effects of stress and alcohol on the dopaminergic system have been suggested, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 19 matched healthy controls and assessed striatal D2/D3 availability using [F-18]-fallypride positron emission tomography and stressful life events. We found a strong association between striatal D2/D3 availability and stress in patients, but not in healthy controls. Interestingly, we found increased D2/D3 receptor availability in patients with higher stress levels. This mirrors complex interactions between stress and alcohol intake in animal studies and emphasizes the importance to investigate stress exposure in neurobiological studies of addiction.},
  language  = {en}
}