@article{CaliendoClementShehu2015,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Clement, Michel and Shehu, Edlira},
  title     = {The effect of individual professional critics on books' sales: capturing selection biases from observable and unobservable factors},
  series = {Marketing letters : a journal of research in marketing},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Marketing letters : a journal of research in marketing},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0923-0645},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11002-015-9391-9},
  pages     = {423 -- 436},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {We propose a combined approach of propensity score matching with difference-in-differences methods for reducing selection biases of products being reviewed by critics. Critics' decision to review products may be driven by observable (e.g., star power) and unobservable (e.g., critics' individual preferences) factors, raising the question of reverse causality and selection biases. Our proposed approach enables to rigorously control for selection biases by observable and unobservable characteristics. We apply our methodological framework on data from the German book market and estimate the sales effect of a well-known TV critic. We identify substantial selection effects of individual critics, which result in serious underestimation of the short-term effect (up to 29 \%) and the long-term effect (up to 37 \%). The results emphasize the relevance of the proposed methodological framework by demonstrating that observable and unobservable factors drive selection effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFossenKritikosetal.2015,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank M. and Kritikos, Alexander and Wetter, Miriam},
  title     = {The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality},
  series = {CESifo economic studies : a joint initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t and Ifo Institute for Economic Research},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {CESifo economic studies : a joint initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t and Ifo Institute for Economic Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1610-241X},
  doi       = {10.1093/cesifo/ifu023},
  pages     = {202 -- 238},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Why do entrepreneurship rates differ so markedly by gender? Using data from a large representative German household panel, we investigate to what extent personality traits, human capital, and the employment history influence the start-up decision and can explain the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Applying a decomposition analysis, we observe that the higher risk aversion among women explains a large share of the entrepreneurial gender gap. We also find an education effect contributing to the gender difference. In contrast, the Big Five model and the current employment state have effects in the opposite direction, meaning that the gender gap in entrepreneurial entry would be even larger if women had the same scores and the same employment status as men. (JEL codes: L26, J16, D81, J24, M13).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFossenKritikos2010,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank and Kritikos, Alexander},
  title     = {The impact of risk attitudes on entrepreneurial survival},
  issn      = {0167-2681},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.012},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Risk attitudes influence the complete life cycle of entrepreneurs. Whereas recent research underpins the theoretical proposition of a positive correlation between risk attitudes and the decision to become self-employed, the effects on survival are not as straightforward. Psychological research posits an inverse U-shaped relationship between risk attitudes and entrepreneurial survival. On the basis of experimentally validated data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we examine the extent to which risk attitudes influence survival rates in self-employment in Germany. The empirical results confirm that persons whose risk attitudes are in the medium range survive significantly longer as entrepreneurs than do persons with particularly low or high risk attitudes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BurauelCaliendoGrabkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Burauel, Patrick F. and Caliendo, Marco and Grabka, Markus M. and Obst, Cosima and Preuss, Malte and Schr{\"o}der, Carsten and Shupe, Cortnie},
  title     = {The impact of the German minimum wage on individual wages and monthly warnings},
  series = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics},
  volume    = {240},
  journal   = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics},
  number    = {2-3},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0021-4027},
  doi       = {10.1515/jbnst-2018-0077},
  pages     = {201 -- 231},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This paper evaluates the short-run impact of the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany on the hourly wages and monthly earnings of workers targeted by the reform. We first provide detailed descriptive evidence of changes to the wage structure in particular at the bottom of the distribution and distinguish between trends for regularly employed and marginally employed workers. In the causal analysis, we then employ a differential trend adjusted difference-in-differences (DTADD) strategy to identify the extent to which these changes in wages and earnings can be attributed to the minimum wage introduction. We find that the minimum wage introduction can account for hourly wage growth in the order of roughly 6.5 \% or (sic)0.45/hour and an increase in monthly earnings of 6.6 \% or (sic)53/month. Despite finding wage growth at the bottom of the distribution, the paper documents widespread non-compliance with the mandated wage floor of (sic)8.50/hour.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoKritikosStier2023,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Kritikos, Alexander and Stier, Claudia},
  title     = {The influence of start-up motivation on entrepreneurial performance},
  series = {Small business economics},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Small business economics},
  publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0921-898X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11187-022-00722-6},
  pages     = {869 -- 889},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Predicting entrepreneurial development based on individual and business-related characteristics is a key objective of entrepreneurship research. In this context, we investigate whether the motives of becoming an entrepreneur influence the subsequent entrepreneurial development. In our analysis, we examine a broad range of business outcomes including survival and income, as well as job creation, and expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using the self-determination theory as conceptual background, we aggregate the start-up motives into a continuous motivational index. We show - based on a unique dataset of German start-ups from unemployment and non-unemployment - that the later business performance is better, the higher they score on this index. Effects are particularly strong for growth-oriented outcomes like innovation and expansion activities. In a next step, we examine three underlying motivational categories that we term opportunity, career ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation and business expansion activities, while career ambition is positively associated with survival, income, and the probability of hiring employees. All effects are robust to the inclusion of a large battery of covariates that are proven to be important determinants of entrepreneurial performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BellmannCaliendoTuebbicke2018,
  author    = {Bellmann, Lutz and Caliendo, Marco and T{\"u}bbicke, Stefan},
  title     = {The post-reform effectiveness of the new German start-up subsidy for the unemployed},
  series = {Labour-England},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Labour-England},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1121-7081},
  doi       = {10.1111/labr.12126},
  pages     = {293 -- 319},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The current German start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals underwent a major reform in 2011 that altered key parameters of the program, leading to ambiguous ex ante predictions on the post-reform effectiveness of the program, making a new evaluation necessary. In our descriptive analysis, we find that participants after the reform differ significantly from pre-reform participants in terms of important characteristics and subsequent labor market performance. Our causal analysis reveals positive and sizable treatment effects on the treated regarding employment and income that are larger effects than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Potential reasons for this are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoKuennMahlstedt2017,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and K{\"u}nn, Steffen and Mahlstedt, Robert},
  title     = {The return to labor market mobility},
  series = {Journal of Public Economics},
  volume    = {148},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {0047-2727},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.02.008},
  pages     = {136 -- 151},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In many European countries, labor markets are characterized by high regional disparities in terms of unemployment rates on the one hand and low geographical mobility among the unemployed on the other hand. In order to counteract the geographical mismatch of workers, the German active labor market policy offers a subsidy covering moving costs to incentivize unemployed job seekers to search/accept jobs in distant regions. Based on administrative data, this study provides the first empirical evidence on the impact of this subsidy on participants' prospective labor market outcomes. We use an instrumental variable approach to take endogenous selection based on observed and unobserved characteristics into account when estimating causal treatment effects. We find that unemployed job seekers who participate in the subsidy program and move to a distant region receive higher wages and find more stable jobs compared to non-participants. We show that the positive effects are (to a large extent) the consequence of a better job match due to the increased search radius of participants.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFedoretsPreussetal.2022,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fedorets, Alexandra and Preuss, Malte and Schr{\"o}der, Carsten and Wittbrodt, Linda},
  title     = {The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform},
  series = {Empirical economics},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Empirical economics},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0377-7332},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00181-022-02288-4},
  pages     = {1149 -- 1175},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This study quantifies the distributional effects of the minimum wage introduced in Germany in 2015. Using detailed Socio-Economic Panel survey data, we assess changes in the hourly wages, working hours, and monthly wages of employees who were entitled to be paid the minimum wage. We employ a difference-in-differences analysis, exploiting regional variation in the "bite" of the minimum wage. At the bottom of the hourly wage distribution, we document wage growth of 9\% in the short term and 21\% in the medium term. At the same time, we find a reduction in working hours, such that the increase in hourly wages does not lead to a subortionate increase in monthly wages. We conclude that working hours adjustments play an important role in the distributional effects of minimum wages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFedoretsPreussetal.2018,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fedorets, Alexandra and Preuss, Malte and Schr{\"o}der, Carsten and Wittbrodt, Linda},
  title     = {The short-run employment effects of the German minimum wage reform},
  series = {Labour economics : an international journal},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Labour economics : an international journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0927-5371},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.labeco.2018.07.002},
  pages     = {46 -- 62},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We assess the short-term employment effects of the introduction of a national statutory minimum wage in Germany in 2015. For this purpose, we exploit variation in the regional treatment intensity, assuming that the stronger a minimum wage 'bites' into the regional wage distribution, the stronger the regional labour market will be affected. In contrast to previous studies, we construct two regional bite indicators based upon detailed individual wage data from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014 and combine it with administrative information on regional employment. Moreover, using the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we are able to affirm the absence of anticipation effects and verify the assumption of a common trend in wages before the reform. In sum, we find only moderate negative effects on overall employment of about 140,000 (0.4\%) jobs, which are mainly driven by a sharp decline of marginal employment ('mini-jobs'), while we do not find pronounced significant effects for regular employment in most specifications. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFossenKritikos2012,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank and Kritikos, Alexander},
  title     = {Trust, positive reciprocity, and negative reciprocity Do these traits impact entrepreneurial dynamics?},
  series = {Journal of economic psychology : research in economic psychology and behavioral economics},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Journal of economic psychology : research in economic psychology and behavioral economics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0167-4870},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.joep.2011.01.005},
  pages     = {394 -- 409},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Experimental evidence reveals that there is a strong willingness to trust and to act in both positively and negatively reciprocal ways. So far it is rarely analyzed whether these variables of social cognition influence everyday decision making behavior. We focus on entrepreneurs who are permanently facing exchange processes in the interplay with investors, sellers, and buyers, as well as needing to trust others and reciprocate with their network. We base our analysis on the German Socio-Economic Panel with its recently introduced questions about trust, positive reciprocity, and negative reciprocity to examine the extent that these variables influence the entrepreneurial decision processes. More specifically, we analyze whether (i) the willingness to trust other people influences the probability of starting a business; (ii) trust, positive reciprocity, and negative reciprocity influence the exit probability of entrepreneurs; and (iii) willingness to trust and to act reciprocally influences the probability of being an entrepreneur versus an employee or a manager. Our findings reveal that, in particular, trust impacts entrepreneurial development. Interestingly, entrepreneurs are more trustful than employees, but much less trustful than managers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoMahlstedtMitnik2017,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Mahlstedt, Robert and Mitnik, Oscar A.},
  title     = {Unobservable, but unimportant? The relevance of usually unobserved variables for the evaluation of labor market policies},
  series = {Labour economics : an international journal},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Labour economics : an international journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0927-5371},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.labeco.2017.02.001},
  pages     = {14 -- 25},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}