@misc{WongMasonBruneetal.2019,
  author    = {Wong, Kevin and Mason, Emily and Brune, Sascha and East, Madison and Edmonds, Marie and Zahirovic, Sabin},
  title     = {Deep Carbon Cycling Over the Past 200 Million Years: A Review of Fluxes in Different Tectonic Settings},
  series = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-6463},
  doi       = {10.3389/feart.2019.00263},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UlvrovaBruneWilliams2019,
  author    = {Ulvrova, Martina M. and Brune, Sascha and Williams, Simon E.},
  title     = {Breakup Without Borders},
  series = {Geophysical research letters},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Geophysical research letters},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0094-8276},
  doi       = {10.1029/2018GL080387},
  pages     = {1338 -- 1347},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Relative plate motions during continental rifting result from the interplay of local with far-field forces. Here we study the dynamics of rifting and breakup using large-scale numerical simulations of mantle convection with self-consistent evolution of plate boundaries. We show that continental separation follows a characteristic evolution with four distinctive phases: (1) an initial slow rifting phase with low divergence velocities and maximum tensional stresses, (2) a synrift speed-up phase featuring an abrupt increase of extension rate with a simultaneous drop of tensional stress, (3) the breakup phase with inception of fast sea-floor spreading, and (4) a deceleration phase occurring in most but not all models where extensional velocities decrease. We find that the speed-up during rifting is compensated by subduction acceleration or subduction initiation even in distant localities. Our study illustrates new links between local rift dynamics, plate motions, and subduction kinematics during times of continental separation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RubeyBruneHeineetal.2017,
  author    = {Rubey, Michael and Brune, Sascha and Heine, Christian and Davies, D. Rhodri and Williams, Simon E. and M{\"u}ller, R. Dietmar},
  title     = {role of subducted slabs},
  series = {Solid earth},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Solid earth},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1869-9510},
  doi       = {10.5194/se-8-899-2017},
  pages     = {899 -- 919},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RubeyBruneHeineetal.2017,
  author    = {Rubey, Michael and Brune, Sascha and Heine, Christian and Davies, D. Rhodri and Williams, Simon E. and M{\"u}ller, R. Dietmar},
  title     = {Global patterns in Earth's dynamic topography since the Jurassic},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {623},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41824},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418241},
  pages     = {899 -- 919},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {We evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of Earth's long-wavelength surface dynamic topography since the Jurassic using a series of high-resolution global mantle convection models. These models are Earth-like in terms of convective vigour, thermal structure, surface heat-flux and the geographic distribution of heterogeneity. The models generate a degree-2-dominated spectrum of dynamic topography with negative amplitudes above subducted slabs (i.e. circum-Pacific regions and southern Eurasia) and positive amplitudes elsewhere (i.e. Africa, north-western Eurasia and the central Pacific). Model predictions are compared with published observations and subsidence patterns from well data, both globally and for the Australian and southern African regions. We find that our models reproduce the long-wavelength component of these observations, although observed smaller-scale variations are not reproduced. We subsequently define "geodynamic rules" for how different surface tectonic settings are affected by mantle processes: (i) locations in the vicinity of a subduction zone show large negative dynamic topography amplitudes; (ii) regions far away from convergent margins feature long-term positive dynamic topography; and (iii) rapid variations in dynamic support occur along the margins of overriding plates (e.g. the western US) and at points located on a plate that rapidly approaches a subduction zone (e.g. India and the Arabia Peninsula). Our models provide a predictive quantitative framework linking mantle convection with plate tectonics and sedimentary basin evolution, thus improving our understanding of how subduction and mantle convection affect the spatio-temporal evolution of basin architecture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterBruneRiedletal.2021,
  author    = {Richter, Maximilian and Brune, Sascha and Riedl, Simon and Glerum, Anne and Neuharth, Derek and Strecker, Manfred},
  title     = {Controls on asymmetric rift dynamics},
  series = {Tectonics / American Geophysical Union, AGU ; European Geophysical Society, EGS},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Tectonics / American Geophysical Union, AGU ; European Geophysical Society, EGS},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0278-7407},
  doi       = {10.1029/2020TC006553},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Complex, time-dependent, and asymmetric rift geometries are observed throughout the East African Rift System (EARS) and are well documented, for instance, in the Kenya Rift. To unravel asymmetric rifting processes in this region, we conduct 2D geodynamic models. We use the finite element software ASPECT employing visco-plastic rheologies, mesh-refinement, distributed random noise seeding, and a free surface. In contrast to many previous numerical modeling studies that aimed at understanding final rifted margin symmetry, we explicitly focus on initial rifting stages to assess geodynamic controls on strain localization and fault evolution. We thereby link to geological and geophysical observations from the Southern and Central Kenya Rift. Our models suggest a three-stage early rift evolution that dynamically bridges previously inferred fault-configuration phases of the eastern EARS branch: (1) accommodation of initial strain localization by a single border fault and flexure of the hanging-wall crust, (2) faulting in the hanging-wall and increasing upper-crustal faulting in the rift-basin center, and (3) loss of pronounced early stage asymmetry prior to basinward localization of deformation. This evolution may provide a template for understanding early extensional faulting in other branches of the East African Rift and in asymmetric rifts worldwide. By modifying the initial random noise distribution that approximates small-scale tectonic inheritance, we show that a spectrum of first-order fault configurations with variable symmetry can be produced in models with an otherwise identical setup. This approach sheds new light on along-strike rift variability controls in active asymmetric rifts and proximal rifted margins.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RajaonarisonStampsFishwicketal.2020,
  author    = {Rajaonarison, Tahiry A. and Stamps, D. Sarah and Fishwick, Stewart and Brune, Sascha and Glerum, Anne and Hu, Jiashun},
  title     = {Numerical modeling of mantle flow beneath Madagascar to constrain upper mantle rheology beneath continental regions},
  series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth},
  volume    = {125},
  journal   = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2169-9313},
  doi       = {10.1029/2019JB018560},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Over the past few decades, azimuthal seismic anisotropy measurements have been widely used proxy to study past and present-day deformation of the lithosphere and to characterize convection in the mantle. Beneath continental regions, distinguishing between shallow and deep sources of anisotropy remains difficult due to poor depth constraints of measurements and a lack of regional-scale geodynamic modeling. Here, we constrain the sources of seismic anisotropy beneath Madagascar where a complex pattern cannot be explained by a single process such as absolute plate motion, global mantle flow, or geology. We test the hypotheses that either Edge-Driven Convection (EDC) or mantle flow derived from mantle wind interactions with lithospheric topography is the dominant source of anisotropy beneath Madagascar. We, therefore, simulate two sets of mantle convection models using regional-scale 3-D computational modeling. We then calculate Lattice Preferred Orientation that develops along pathlines of the mantle flow models and use them to calculate synthetic splitting parameters. Comparison of predicted with observed seismic anisotropy shows a good fit in northern and southern Madagascar for the EDC model, but the mantle wind case only fits well in northern Madagascar. This result suggests the dominant control of the measured anisotropy may be from EDC, but the role of localized fossil anisotropy in narrow shear zones cannot be ruled out in southern Madagascar. Our results suggest that the asthenosphere beneath northern and southern Madagascar is dominated by dislocation creep. Dislocation creep rheology may be dominant in the upper asthenosphere beneath other regions of continental lithosphere.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeuharthBruneWronaetal.2022,
  author    = {Neuharth, Derek and Brune, Sascha and Wrona, Thilo and Glerum, Anne and Braun, Jean and Yuan, Xiaoping},
  title     = {Evolution of rift systems and their fault networks in response to surface processes},
  series = {Tectonics},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Tectonics},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0278-7407},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021TC007166},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Continental rifting is responsible for the generation of major sedimentary basins, both during rift inception and during the formation of rifted continental margins. Geophysical and field studies revealed that rifts feature complex networks of normal faults but the factors controlling fault network properties and their evolution are still matter of debate. Here, we employ high-resolution 2D geodynamic models (ASPECT) including two-way coupling to a surface processes (SP) code (FastScape) to conduct 12 models of major rift types that are exposed to various degrees of erosion and sedimentation. We further present a novel quantitative fault analysis toolbox (Fatbox), which allows us to isolate fault growth patterns, the number of faults, and their length and displacement throughout rift history. Our analysis reveals that rift fault networks may evolve through five major phases: (a) distributed deformation and coalescence, (b) fault system growth, (c) fault system decline and basinward localization, (d) rift migration, and (e) breakup. These phases can be correlated to distinct rifted margin domains. Models of asymmetric rifting suggest rift migration is facilitated through both ductile and brittle deformation within a weak exhumation channel that rotates subhorizontally and remains active at low angles. In sedimentation-starved settings, this channel satisfies the conditions for serpentinization. We find that SP are not only able to enhance strain localization and to increase fault longevity but that they also reduce the total length of the fault system, prolong rift phases and delay continental breakup.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeuharthBruneGlerumetal.2021,
  author    = {Neuharth, Derek and Brune, Sascha and Glerum, Anne and Morley, Chris K. and Yuan, Xiaoping and Braun, Jean},
  title     = {Flexural strike-slip basins},
  series = {Geology : a venture in earth science reporting / the Geological Society of America},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Geology : a venture in earth science reporting / the Geological Society of America},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Boulder},
  issn      = {0091-7613},
  doi       = {10.1130/G49351.1},
  pages     = {361 -- 365},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Strike-slip faults are classically associated with pull-apart basins where continental crust is thinned between two laterally offset fault segments. We propose a subsidence mechanism to explain the formation of a new type of basin where no substantial segment offset or synstrike-slip thinning is observed. Such "flexural strike-slip basins" form due to a sediment load creating accommodation space by bending the lithosphere. We use a two-way coupling between the geodynamic code ASPECT and surface-processes code FastScape to show that flexural strike-slip basins emerge if sediment is deposited on thin lithosphere close to a strike slip fault. These conditions were met at the Andaman Basin Central fault (Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean), where seismic reflection data provide evidence of a laterally extensive flexural basin with a depocenter located parallel to the strike-slip fault trace.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NardiniRybackiDoehmannetal.2018,
  author    = {Nardini, Livia and Rybacki, Erik and D{\"o}hmann, Maximilian J.E.A. and Morales, Luiz F.G. and Brune, Sascha and Dresen, Georg},
  title     = {High-temperature shear zone formation in Carrara marble},
  series = {Tectonophysics},
  volume    = {749},
  journal   = {Tectonophysics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0040-1951},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tecto.2018.10.022},
  pages     = {120 -- 139},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Rock deformation at depths in the Earth's crust is often localized in high temperature shear zones occurring at different scales in a variety of lithologies. The presence of material heterogeneities is known to trigger shear zone development, but the mechanisms controlling initiation and evolution of localization are not fully understood. To investigate the effect of loading conditions on shear zone nucleation along heterogeneities, we performed torsion experiments under constant twist rate (CTR) and constant torque (CT) conditions in a Paterson-type deformation apparatus. The sample assemblage consisted of cylindrical Carrara marble specimens containing a thin plate of Solnhofen limestone perpendicular to the cylinder's longitudinal axis. Under experimental conditions (900 °C, 400 MPa confining pressure), samples were plastically deformed and limestone is about 9 times weaker than marble, acting as a weak inclusion in a strong matrix. CTR experiments were performed at maximum bulk shear strain rates of ~ 2*10-4s-1, yielding peak shear stresses of ~ 20 MPa. CT tests were conducted at shear stresses of ~ 20 MPa resulting in bulk shear strain rates of 1-4*10-4s-1. Experiments were terminated at maximum bulk shear strains of ~ 0.3 and 1.0.Strain was localized within the Carrara marble in front of the inclusion in an area of strongly deformed grains and intense grain size reduction. Locally, evidences for coexisting brittle deformation are also observed regardless of the imposed loading conditions. The local shear strain at the inclusion tipis up to 30 times higher than the strain in the adjacent host rock, rapidly dropping to 5times higher at larger distance from the inclusion. At both investigated bulk strains, the evolution of microstructural and textural parameters is independent of loading conditions. Ourresults suggest that loading conditions do not significantly affect material heterogeneity-induced strain localization during its nucleation and transient stages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NaliboffGlerumBruneetal.2020,
  author    = {Naliboff, John B. and Glerum, Anne and Brune, Sascha and P{\´e}ron-Pinvidic, G. and Wrona, Thilo},
  title     = {Development of 3-D rift heterogeneity through fault network evolution},
  series = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  address   = {New Jersey},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Observations of rift and rifted margin architecture suggest that significant spatial and temporal structural heterogeneity develops during the multiphase evolution of continental rifting. Inheritance is often invoked to explain this heterogeneity, such as preexisting anisotropies in rock composition, rheology, and deformation. Here, we use high-resolution 3-D thermal-mechanical numerical models of continental extension to demonstrate that rift-parallel heterogeneity may develop solely through fault network evolution during the transition from distributed to localized deformation. In our models, the initial phase of distributed normal faulting is seeded through randomized initial strength perturbations in an otherwise laterally homogeneous lithosphere extending at a constant rate. Continued extension localizes deformation onto lithosphere-scale faults, which are laterally offset by tens of km and discontinuous along-strike. These results demonstrate that rift- and margin-parallel heterogeneity of large-scale fault patterns may in-part be a natural byproduct of fault network coalescence.},
  language  = {en}
}