@article{Wiemann2021, author = {Wiemann, Dirk}, title = {Layer after Layer}, series = {Thesis Eleven}, volume = {162}, journal = {Thesis Eleven}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Melbourne}, issn = {0725-5136}, doi = {10.1177/0725513621990772}, pages = {33 -- 45}, year = {2021}, abstract = {When the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in South London were opened to the general public in the 1840s, they were presented as a 'world text': a collection of flora from all over the world, with the spectacular tropical (read: colonial) specimens taking centre stage as indexes of Britain's imperial supremacy. However, the one exotic plant species that preoccupied the British cultural imagination more than any other remained conspicuously absent from the collection: the banyan tree, whose non-transferability left a significant gap in the 'text' of the garden, thereby effectively puncturing the illusion of comprehensive global command that underpins the biopolitical designs of what Richard Grove has aptly dubbed 'green imperialism'. This article demonstrates how, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the banyan tree became an object of fascination and admiration for British scientists, painters, writers and photographers precisely because of its obstinate non-availability to colonial control and visual or even conceptual representability.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wiemann2021, author = {Wiemann, Dirk}, title = {Being Taught Something World-Sized}, series = {The Work of World Literature}, volume = {2021}, booktitle = {The Work of World Literature}, publisher = {ICI Berlin Press}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-96558-011-4}, issn = {2627-728X}, doi = {10.37050/ci-19_07}, pages = {149 -- 172}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper reads 'The Detainee's Tale as told to Ali Smith' (2016) as an exemplary demonstration of the work of world literature. Smith's story articulates an ethics of reading that is grounded in the recipient's openness to the singular, unpredictable, and unverifiable text of the other. More specifically, Smith's account enables the very event that it painstakingly stages: the encounter with alterity and newness, which is both the theme of the narrative and the effect of the text on the reader. At the same time, however, the text urges to move from an ethics of literature understood as the responsible reception of the other by an individual reader to a more explicitly convivial and political ethics of commitment beyond the scene of reading.}, language = {en} } @article{WiemannRajaShaswati2021, author = {Wiemann, Dirk and Raja, Ira and Shaswati, Mazumdar}, title = {Postcolonial world literature}, series = {Thesis eleven : critical theory and historical sociology}, volume = {162}, journal = {Thesis eleven : critical theory and historical sociology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London [u.a.]}, issn = {0725-5136}, doi = {10.1177/0725513621994707}, pages = {3 -- 17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Postcolonial criticism has repeatedly debunked the ostensible neutrality of the 'world' of world literature by pointing out that and how the contemporary world - whether conceived in terms of cosmopolitan conviviality or neoliberal globalization - cannot be understood without recourse to the worldly event of Europe's colonial expansion. While we deem this critical perspective indispensable, we simultaneously maintain that to reduce 'the world' to the world-making impact of capital, colonialism, and patriarchy paints an overly deterministic picture that runs the risk of unwittingly reproducing precisely that dominant 'oneworldness' that it aims to critique. Moreover, the mere potentiality of alternative modes of world-making tends to disappear in such a perspective so that the only remaining option to think beyond oneworldness resides in the singularity claim. This insistence on singularity, however, leaves the relatedness of the single units massively underdetermined or denies it altogether. By contrast, we locate world literature in the conflicted space between the imperial imposition of a hierarchically stratified world (to which, as hegemonic forces tell us, 'there is no alternative') and the unrealized 'undivided world' that multiple minor cosmopolitan projects yet have to win. It is precisely the tension between these 'two worlds' that brings into view the crucial centrality not of the nodes in their alleged singularity but their specific relatedness to each other, that both impedes and energizes world literature today and renders it ineluctably postcolonial.}, language = {en} } @article{WiepkeMiklashevsky2021, author = {Wiepke, Axel P. and Miklashevsky, Alex}, title = {Imaginary Worlds and Their Borders: An Opinion Article}, series = {Frontiers Media SA}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers Media SA}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793764}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @incollection{WiesbroeckVerwiebe2021, author = {Wiesbr{\"o}ck, Laura and Verwiebe, Roland}, title = {Die Mittelschicht in {\"O}sterreich unter Druck}, series = {Mittelschicht unter Druck : Dynamiken in der {\"o}sterreichischen Mitte}, volume = {2021}, booktitle = {Mittelschicht unter Druck : Dynamiken in der {\"o}sterreichischen Mitte}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-31522-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-31523-8_1}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die schrumpfende Mittelschicht ist nicht nur in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit ein vieldiskutierter Themenbereich. Eine Vielzahl an wissenschaftlichen Fachdisziplinen setzt sich aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mit der Mittelschicht im Kontext des Wandels von Schichtungsgef{\"u}gen auseinander. W{\"a}hrend die gesellschaftliche Mitte in Deutschland ein etabliertes Forschungsgebiet ist, liegen f{\"u}r {\"O}sterreich hingegen bislang kaum Studien vor. Vor diesem Hintergrund vereint der Sammelband konzeptionelle und empirische Beitr{\"a}ge zur {\"o}sterreichischen Mittelschicht aus Soziologie, Politikwissenschaften, Staatswissenschaft, und Zeitgeschichte. Ziel ist die umfassende multidisziplin{\"a}re Darstellung des Status Quo der Mittelschicht in {\"O}sterreich. Die Beitr{\"a}ge in diesem Sammelband bieten einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber historische Perspektiven, unterschiedliche Theorietraditionen, sowie gegenw{\"a}rtige empirische Befunde und sozialpolitische Analysen.}, language = {de} } @article{WiesnerLadyman2021, author = {Wiesner, Karoline and Ladyman, James}, title = {Complex systems are always correlated but rarely information processing}, series = {Journal of physics. Complexity}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of physics. Complexity}, number = {4}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2632-072X}, doi = {10.1088/2632-072X/ac371c}, pages = {4}, year = {2021}, abstract = {'Complex systems are information processors' is a statement that is frequently made. Here we argue for the distinction between information processing-in the sense of encoding and transmitting a symbolic representation-and the formation of correlations (pattern formation/self-organisation). The study of both uses tools from information theory, but the purpose is very different in each case: explaining the mechanisms and understanding the purpose or function in the first case, versus data analysis and correlation extraction in the latter. We give examples of both and discuss some open questions. The distinction helps focus research efforts on the relevant questions in each case.}, language = {en} } @article{WiggerSchumacherSchneiderSchauliesetal.2021, author = {Wigger, Dominik and Schumacher, Fabian and Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Kleuser, Burkhard}, title = {Sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and insulin signaling}, series = {Cellular signalling}, volume = {82}, journal = {Cellular signalling}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0898-6568}, doi = {10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109959}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Insulin is the main anabolic hormone secreted by 13-cells of the pancreas stimulating the assimilation and storage of glucose in muscle and fat cells. It modulates the postprandial balance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins via enhancing lipogenesis, glycogen and protein synthesis and suppressing glucose generation and its release from the liver. Resistance to insulin is a severe metabolic disorder related to a diminished response of peripheral tissues to the insulin action and signaling. This leads to a disturbed glucose homeostasis that precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disease reaching epidemic proportions. A large number of studies reported an association between elevated circulating fatty acids and the development of insulin resistance. The increased fatty acid lipid flux results in the accumulation of lipid droplets in a variety of tissues. However, lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols and ceramides are also formed in response to elevated fatty acid levels. These bioactive lipids have been associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. More recently, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), another bioactive sphingolipid derivative, has also been shown to increase in T2D and obesity. Although many studies propose a protective role of S1P metabolism on insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, other studies suggest a causal role of S1P on insulin resistance. In this review, we critically summarize the current state of knowledge of S1P metabolism and its modulating role on insulin resistance. A particular emphasis is placed on S1P and insulin signaling in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes and pancreatic 13-cells. In particular, modulation of receptors and enzymes that regulate S1P metabolism can be considered as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.}, language = {en} } @article{Wilke2021, author = {Wilke, Heinrich}, title = {Character and perspective in cosmic horror}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Anglistik und Amerikanistik : a quarterly of language, literature and cultur}, volume = {69}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Anglistik und Amerikanistik : a quarterly of language, literature and cultur}, number = {2}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0044-2305}, doi = {10.1515/zaa-2021-2038}, pages = {173 -- 190}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Despite their overt focus on inexplicable alien forces, cosmic horror stories are also determined by their human cast. Far from being merely fodder for horror, the characters significantly contribute to the generation of meaning, including that of the supernatural entity or phenomenon itself. The same holds for the narrators' (implicitly) political perspectives on the world of which they are part. Much of the perspective propounded in Lovecraft's cosmic horror stories partakes of myth, adopting in particular the latter's universal view and pronounced sidelining of humanity as a whole, which it intensifies to the point of horror. Appearances to the contrary notwithstanding, this universal perspective is consistent with the racism permeating and structuring Lovecraft's writing. Though eschewing racism and universalism, the cosmic horror of Kiernan's "Tidal Forces" negotiates literary reflections of colonialism from an unreflective white perspective.}, language = {en} } @article{WillnerGlanemannLevermann2021, author = {Willner, Sven N. and Glanemann, Nicole and Levermann, Anders}, title = {Investment incentive reduced by climate damages can be restored by optimal policy}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {12}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23547-5}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are likely to impact not only natural systems but economies worldwide. If these impacts alter future economic development, the financial losses will be significantly higher than the mere direct damages. So far, potentially aggravating investment responses were considered negligible. Here we consistently incorporate an empirically derived temperature-growth relation into the simple integrated assessment model DICE. In this framework we show that, if in the next eight decades varying temperatures impact economic growth as has been observed in the past three decades, income is reduced by similar to 20\% compared to an economy unaffected by climate change. Hereof similar to 40\% are losses due to growth effects of which similar to 50\% result from reduced incentive to invest. This additional income loss arises from a reduced incentive for future investment in anticipation of a reduced return and not from an explicit climate protection policy. Under economically optimal climate-change mitigation, however, optimal investment would only be reduced marginally as mitigation efforts keep returns high.}, language = {en} } @article{WilsonGuivarchKriegleretal.2021, author = {Wilson, Charlie and Guivarch, C{\´e}line and Kriegler, Elmar and van Ruijven, Bas and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Krey, Volker and Schwanitz, Valeria Jana and Thompson, Erica L.}, title = {Evaluating process-based integrated assessment models of climate change mitigation}, series = {Climatic change}, volume = {166}, journal = {Climatic change}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0165-0009}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03099-9}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Process-based integrated assessment models (IAMs) project long-term transformation pathways in energy and land-use systems under what-if assumptions. IAM evaluation is necessary to improve the models' usefulness as scientific tools applicable in the complex and contested domain of climate change mitigation. We contribute the first comprehensive synthesis of process-based IAM evaluation research, drawing on a wide range of examples across six different evaluation methods including historical simulations, stylised facts, and model diagnostics. For each evaluation method, we identify progress and milestones to date, and draw out lessons learnt as well as challenges remaining. We find that each evaluation method has distinctive strengths, as well as constraints on its application. We use these insights to propose a systematic evaluation framework combining multiple methods to establish the appropriateness, interpretability, credibility, and relevance of process-based IAMs as useful scientific tools for informing climate policy. We also set out a programme of evaluation research to be mainstreamed both within and outside the IAM community.}, language = {en} }