@article{KraheBieneckScheinbergerOlwig2004, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate}, title = {Sexual scripts in adolescence}, issn = {0044-3514}, year = {2004}, abstract = {To explore the sexual scripts of adolescents, 131 10th and 11th graders generated descriptions of three scripts for sexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner attributed to adolescents in general; (2) the script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner endorsed by themselves individually; (3) the script for a nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Normative acceptance of risk elements of sexual interactions and acceptance of physical force to obtain sexual intercourse with a non-consenting partner were also measured. The results showed that the individual and general scripts for consensual sexual interactions reflected traditional gender roles. The script for the nonconsensual intercourse was based on the <> stereotype. Compared to the general scripts for the age group as a whole, individual scripts were more conservative, containing fewer risk elements. Normative acceptance of risk elements predicted the extent to which risk elements were part of the general and individual scripts. In addition, acceptance of physical force predicted the risk elements of the individual scripts}, language = {en} } @article{KochTitzeZimmeretal.2004, author = {Koch, Sabine and Titze, Karl and Zimmer, Ulrike and Lehmkuhl, Ulrike and Rauh, Hellgard and Helge, Hans}, title = {Growth of children exposed to antiepileptic medications in the womb}, issn = {0026-9298}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Antiepileptic drugs are suspected of being weakly teratogenic in humans. In a prospective longitudinal study, we assessed growth parameters of children from birth to adolescence who had been prenatally exposed to various antiepileptic drugs and compared them to non-exposed control children matched for parental body length, social status, and maternal nicotine consumption during pregnancy as well as for parity. While no differences in mean head circumferences could be ascertained in the group of exposed children at 1, 6, and 14 years, differences were measured in body length at I year. The differences were more pronounced for both measurements when therapy forms and types of drugs were considered: polytherapy and phenobarbitone therapy (which was usually part of polytherapy) of the mother appeared to have an influence on the children's growth. Children exposed to polytherapy and phenobarbitone (as single drug or as part of polytherapy) had smaller head circumferences and were shorter. We assume an influence of polytherapy and phenobarbitone therapy taken by the epileptic woman during pregnancy on the growth of the child into adolescence}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerSussWilhelmetal.2004, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Suss, H. M. and Wilhelm, Oliver and Wittman, W. W.}, title = {The multiple faces of working memory : storage, processing, supervision, and coordination}, issn = {0160-2896}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzKeus2004, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Keus, I. M.}, title = {Moving the eyes along the mental number line : comparing SNARC effects with saccadic and manual responses}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Bimanual parity judgments about numerically small (large) digits are faster with the left (right) hand, even though parity is unrelated to numerical magnitude per se (the SNARC effect; Dehaene, Bossini, \& Giraux, 1993). According to one model, this effect reflects a space-related representation of numerical magnitudes (mental number line) with a genuine left-to-right orientation. Alternatively, it may simply reflect an overlearned motor association between numbers and manual responses-as, for example, on typewriters or computer keyboards-in which case it should be weaker or absent with effectors whose horizontal response component is less systematically associated with individual numbers. Two experiments involving comparisons of saccadic and manual parity judgment tasks clearly support the first view; they also establish a vertical SNARC effect, suggesting that our magnitude representation resembles a number map, rather than a number line}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerWeidenfeldHornig2004, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea and Hornig, R.}, title = {Logical reasoning and probabilities: A comprehensive test of Oaksford and Chater (2001)}, issn = {1069-9384}, year = {2004}, abstract = {We report two experiments testing a central prediction of the probabilistic account of reasoning provided by Oaksford and Chater (2001): Acceptance of standard conditional inferences, card choices in the Wason selection task, and quantifiers chosen for conclusions from syllogisms should vary as a function of the frequency of the concepts involved. Frequency was manipulated by a probability-learning phase preceding the reasoning tasks to simulate natural sampling. The effects predicted by Oaksford and Chater (2001) were not obtained with any of the three paradigms}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerSussWilhelmetal.2004, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Suss, H. M. and Wilhelm, Oliver and Wittman, W. W.}, title = {The multiple faces of working memory : Storage, processing, supervision, and coordination}, issn = {0160-2896}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerKliegl2004, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Simultaneous cognitive operations in working memory after dual-task practice}, issn = {0096-1523}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The authors tested the hypothesis that with adequate practice, people can execute 2 cognitive operations in working memory simultaneously. In Experiment 1, 6 students practiced updating 2 items in working memory through 2 sequences of operations (1 numerical, 1 spatial). In different blocks, imperative stimuli for the 2 sequences of operations were presented either simultaneously or sequentially. Initially, most participants experienced substantial dual-task costs. After 24 sessions of practice, operation latencies for simultaneous presentation were equal to the maximum of times for the 2 operations in the sequential condition, suggesting perfect timesharing. Experiment 2 showed that a reduction of dual-task costs requires practice on the combination of the 2 updating tasks, not just practice on each individual task. Hence, the reduction of dual-task costs cannot be explained by shortening or automatization of individual operations}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2004, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, M. H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {The development of at-risk children in early life}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{KraheMoeller2004, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid}, title = {Playing violent electronic games, hostile attributional style, and aggression-related norms in German adolescents}, issn = {0140-1971}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The relationship was examined between exposure to and preference for violent electronic games and aggressive norms as well as hostile attributional style. Following a pilot study to sample widely used electronic games varying in violent content, 231 eighth-grade adolescents in Germany reported their use of and attraction to violent electronic games. They also completed measures of hostile attributional style and endorsement of aggressive norms. There were significant gender differences in usage and attraction to violent electronic games, with boys scoring higher than girls. Significant relationships were found between attraction to violent electronic games and the acceptance of norms condoning physical aggression. Violent electronic games were linked indirectly to hostile attributional style through aggressive norms. The findings are discussed with respect to North American research on the aggression-enhancing effect of violent electronic games. (C) 2003 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{IhleAhleJahnkeetal.2004, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Ahle, M. E. and Jahnke, D{\"o}rte and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Guidelines for the assessment and psychotherapy of depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence: An evidence-based discussion paper}, issn = {0942-5403}, year = {2004}, abstract = {An outline of evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence is presented. Depressive disorders in children and adolescents are marked by core symptoms similar to those seen in adults, although symptom expression varies greatly with developmental stage. These disorders are common, especially in adolescence, chronic, and recurrent, and are associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, and substance use disorders. Effective treatment approaches for the prevention of depressive disorders and the acute treatment of mild and moderate depressive disorders are available. The psychotherapeutic interventions of choice are currently cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). The antidepressants of choice are currently selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Especially on relapse prevention and the evaluation of the combination of psychotherapy with antidepressant medication further studies are necessary}, language = {en} }