@article{DennisPatelOliveretal.2017,
  author    = {Dennis, Alice B. and Patel, Vilas and Oliver, Kerry M. and Vorburger, Christoph},
  title     = {Parasitoid gene expression changes after adaptation to symbiont-protected hosts},
  series = {Evolution},
  volume    = {71},
  journal   = {Evolution},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0014-3820},
  doi       = {10.1111/evo.13333},
  pages     = {2599 -- 2617},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Reciprocal selection between aphids, their protective endosymbionts, and the parasitoid wasps that prey upon them offers an opportunity to study the basis of their coevolution. We investigated adaptation to symbiont\&\#8208;conferred defense by rearing the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum on aphids (Aphis fabae) possessing different defensive symbiont strains (Hamiltonella defensa). After ten generations of experimental evolution, wasps showed increased abilities to parasitize aphids possessing the H. defensa strain they evolved with, but not aphids possessing the other strain. We show that the two symbiont strains encode different toxins, potentially creating different targets for counter\&\#8208;adaptation. Phenotypic and behavioral comparisons suggest that neither life\&\#8208;history traits nor oviposition behavior differed among evolved parasitoid lineages. In contrast, comparative transcriptomics of adult female wasps identified a suite of differentially expressed genes among lineages, even when reared in a common, symbiont\&\#8208;free, aphid host. In concurrence with the specificity of each parasitoid lineages' infectivity, most differentially expressed parasitoid transcripts were also lineage\&\#8208;specific. These transcripts are enriched with putative venom toxins and contain highly expressed, potentially defensive viral particles. Together, these results suggest that wild populations of L. fabarum employ a complicated offensive arsenal with sufficient genetic variation for wasps to adapt rapidly and specifically to their hosts' microbial defenses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzerJoshi2017,
  author    = {Schwarzer, Christian and Joshi, Jasmin Radha},
  title     = {Parallel adaptive responses to abiotic but not biotic conditions after cryptic speciation in European peat moss Sphagnum magellanicum Brid},
  series = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Jena},
  issn      = {1433-8319},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ppees.2017.03.001},
  pages     = {14 -- 27},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. is a worldwide distributed peat moss and an ecosystem-engineer in temperate and boreal bog ecosystems suggesting a great adaptive potential to different environmental conditions. Phenotypes of S. magellanicum have been described as one species so far, although this has been questioned by the detection of several genetic groups in a recent global study. Concordant with morphological uniformity, our analyses of Mid-to Northern European plants revealed only minimal variation in nuclear nrITS and plastid rps4 sequences. However, we detected two distinct genetic groups within Europe by analyzing microsatellite data of 298 individuals from 27 populations. Plants formed an Eastern and a Western European cluster, with overlapping areas in northern Germany and southern Sweden where plants of both clusters coexist within populations but show no signs of admixture. These two cryptic taxa seem therefore to be reproductively isolated. Bayesian analyses indicated that reproductive isolation occurred before the end of the late Pleistocene glaciations. After the meltdown of the glaciers, both clusters colonized northern and central Europe from glacial refugia in the West and possibly from Euro-Siberian populations. To test for divergent adaptation to environmental conditions, we exposed plants of both clusters to experimental climate warming treatments at two different plant-diversity levels (monocultures vs. mixtures) for two years. Despite their different evolutionary history, plants of both genetic clusters responded equally to climate treatments in our southern common garden near Potsdam, Germany. However, only eastern cluster populations benefited from plant-community diversity and increased their biomass in mixtures. These differences in their ecological niche match the diverging microhabitat preferences observed in situ and may effectively hamper genetic exchange if distances between microhabitats are too large for Sphagnum sperm movement. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BubeckThieken2017,
  author    = {Bubeck, Philip and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {What helps people recover from floods?},
  series = {Regional environmental change},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Regional environmental change},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1436-3798},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10113-017-1200-y},
  pages     = {287 -- 296},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The number of people exposed to natural hazards has grown steadily over recent decades, mainly due to increasing exposure in hazard-prone areas. In the future, climate change could further enhance this trend. Still, empirical and comprehensive insights into individual recovery from natural hazards are largely lacking, hampering efforts to increase societal resilience. Drawing from a sample of 710 residents affected by flooding across Germany in June 2013, we empirically explore a wide range of variables possibly influencing self-reported recovery, including flood-event characteristics, the circumstances of the recovery process, socio-economic characteristics, and psychological factors, using multivariate statistics. We found that the amount of damage and other flood-event characteristics such as inundation depth are less important than socio-economic characteristics (e.g., sex or health status) and psychological factors (e.g., risk aversion and emotions). Our results indicate that uniform recovery efforts focusing on areas that were the most affected in terms of physical damage are insufficient to account for the heterogeneity in individual recovery results. To increase societal resilience, aid and recovery efforts should better address the long-term psychological effects of floods.},
  language  = {en}
}