@book{GurskyThoene2024, author = {Gursky, Karl-Heinz and Th{\"o}ne, Meike}, title = {20 Probleme aus dem Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis}, series = {Klausurprobleme : Juristische {\"U}bungsb{\"u}cher}, journal = {Klausurprobleme : Juristische {\"U}bungsb{\"u}cher}, edition = {10., {\"u}berarbeitete}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-7161-8}, pages = {XV, 125}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zum Werk Der Band zum Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis erscheint nunmehr in 10. Auflage und behandelt in bew{\"a}hrter Darstellungsform die wichtigsten in den {\"U}bungen und im Examen zur Bearbeitung gestellten Streitfragen aus diesem Bereich des Sachenrechts. Die einzelnen Probleme werden anhand von Beispielf{\"a}llen erkl{\"a}rt, die in Lehre und Rechtsprechung vertretenen Meinungen werden einander dabei gegen{\"u}bergestellt, die sie tragenden Argumente werden in K{\"u}rze herausgearbeitet und an weiteren F{\"a}llen erprobt. Auf diese Weise entwickeln Studierende das f{\"u}r die Falll{\"o}sung relevante juristische Problembewusstsein sowie die F{\"a}higkeit, die verschiedenen Ansichten und Argumente gegeneinander abzuw{\"a}gen, eine eigene Meinung zu bilden und sie {\"u}berzeugend zu begr{\"u}nden. Vorteile auf einen Blick alle relevanten Probleme zum Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis in einem Band umfassende Fundstellensammlung f{\"u}r die in Lehre und Rechtsprechung vertretenen Meinungen Zur Neuauflage F{\"u}r die Neuauflage wurden die aktuelle Literatur sowie die neueste Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet sowie ein Abschnitt zum Aufbau von Meinungsstreits in Pr{\"u}fungen erg{\"a}nzt. Zielgruppe F{\"u}r Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften, Rechtsreferendarinnen und -referendare und AG-Leiterinnen und -Leiter.}, language = {de} } @book{Laloe2024, author = {Lalo{\"e}, Franck}, title = {Grundlagen kontinuierlicher Symmetrien}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-527-41415-4}, pages = {xii, 538}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das neue Buch von Franck Lalo{\"e} stellt einen symmetriebasierten Ansatz vor, um die Quantenmechanik auf einer fundamentalen Ebene zu verstehen, und liefert die dazugeh{\"o}rigen Rechentechniken, um fortgeschrittene Kurse {\"u}ber Kernphysik, Quantenoptik und Festk{\"o}rperphysik zu meistern.}, language = {de} } @article{Kosman2024, author = {Kosman, Admiʾel}, title = {?של מי הנקמה}, series = {אלכסון}, journal = {אלכסון}, year = {2024}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Schroeder2024, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Jakob}, title = {Fundamentals of diffraction-based residual stress and texture analysis of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62197}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621972}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 135}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the production of metal structures with exceptional design freedom, of which laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most common. In this process, a laser melts a bed of loose feedstock powder particles layer-by-layer to build a structure with the desired geometry. During fabrication, the repeated melting and rapid, directional solidification create large temperature gradients that generate large thermal stress. This thermal stress can itself lead to cracking or delamination during fabrication. More often, large residual stresses remain in the final part as a footprint of the thermal stress. This residual stress can cause premature distortion or even failure of the part in service. Hence, knowledge of the residual stress field is critical for both process optimization and structural integrity. Diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress fields. However, such methods require a good knowledge of the material of interest, as certain assumptions must be made to accurately determine residual stress. First, the measured lattice plane spacings must be converted to lattice strains with the knowledge of a strain-free material state. Second, the measured lattice strains must be related to the macroscopic stress using Hooke's law, which requires knowledge of the stiffness of the material. Since most crystal structures exhibit anisotropic material behavior, the elastic behavior is specific to each lattice plane of the single crystal. Thus, the use of individual lattice planes in monochromatic diffraction residual stress analysis requires knowledge of the lattice plane-specific elastic properties. In addition, knowledge of the microstructure of the material is required for a reliable assessment of residual stress. This work presents a toolbox for reliable diffraction-based residual stress analysis. This is presented for a nickel-based superalloy produced by PBF-LB. First, this work reviews the existing literature in the field of residual stress analysis of laser-based AM using diffraction-based techniques. Second, the elastic and plastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 produced by PBF-LB is studied using in situ energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. These experiments are complemented by ex situ material characterization techniques. These methods establish the relationship between the microstructure and texture of the material and its elastic and plastic anisotropy. Finally, surface, sub-surface, and bulk residual stress are determined using a texture-based approach. Uncertainties of different methods for obtaining stress-free reference values are discussed. The tensile behavior in the as-built condition is shown to be controlled by texture and cellular sub-grain structure, while in the heat-treated condition the precipitation of strengthening phases and grain morphology dictate the behavior. In fact, the results of this thesis show that the diffraction elastic constants depend on the underlying microstructure, including texture and grain morphology. For columnar microstructures in both as-built and heat-treated conditions, the diffraction elastic constants are best described by the Reuss iso-stress model. Furthermore, the low accumulation of intergranular strains during deformation demonstrates the robustness of using the 311 reflection for the diffraction-based residual stress analysis with columnar textured microstructures. The differences between texture-based and quasi-isotropic approaches for the residual stress analysis are shown to be insignificant in the observed case. However, the analysis of the sub-surface residual stress distributions show, that different scanning strategies result in a change in the orientation of the residual stress tensor. Furthermore, the location of the critical sub-surface tensile residual stress is related to the surface roughness and the microstructure. Finally, recommendations are given for the diffraction-based determination and evaluation of residual stress in textured additively manufactured alloys.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NastanskySiris2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nastansky, Andreas and Siris, Sarah}, title = {Risikoverbund zwischen Banken und Staaten}, series = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {56}, journal = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61989}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-619891}, pages = {50}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Begrenzung systemischer Risiken ist essentieller Bestandteil der neuen internationalen Finanzmarktordnung. Dabei galt es nicht nur die Verflechtung der Banken untereinander, sondern auch die Verbindung zwischen den Staatsfinanzen und der Solvenz der nationalen Bankensysteme (dem sog. Risikoverbund zwischen Staat und Banken) zu durchbrechen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der Forderungen gegen{\"u}ber Staaten in den Bankbilanzen der Eurol{\"a}nder und des Eurosystems im Zeitverlauf sowie den daraus erwachsenden Risiken f{\"u}r die Finanzstabilit{\"a}t. Hierzu werden die Determinanten des Risikoverbunds theoretisch wie empirisch analysiert. Die fiskalische Kapazit{\"a}t der Eurostaaten wird anhand verschiedener Faktoren wie der Verschuldungsquote, dem Leistungsbilanzsaldo und der Kredit-BIP L{\"u}cke aufgezeigt; anschließend werden die Strukturen der Bankensysteme im Euroraum untersucht. Im Einzelnen werden die private und staatliche Gesamtverschuldung, die konsolidierte Bankenbilanzsumme und die darin enthaltenen Verbindlichkeiten sowie der Anteil des Bankensektors an der Bruttowertsch{\"o}pfung in Relation zur Wirtschaftsleistung betrachtet. Außerdem finden NPE-Best{\"a}nde in den Bankbilanzen sowie die Renditen der emittierten Staatsanleihen und damit in Verbindung stehenden CDS-Spreads Betrachtung. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden die Konzentration, der Verschuldungsgrad, Liquidit{\"a}tsziffern sowie l{\"a}nderspezifische Unterschiede in Art und Fristigkeit der Refinanzierung der Bankensektoren abgebildet. Auf Basis der empirischen Befunde werden im Hinblick auf die wechselseitigen Ansteckungseffekte zwischen Banken und Staaten Implikationen f{\"u}r die Finanzmarktregulierung diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @article{UthBlestelSanchezMoreano2024, author = {Uth, Melanie and Blestel, {\´E}lodie and S{\´a}nchez Moreano, Santiago}, title = {Labialization of final nasals}, series = {Forma y funci{\´o}n}, volume = {37}, journal = {Forma y funci{\´o}n}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas}, address = {Bogot{\´a}}, issn = {2256-5469}, doi = {10.15446/fyf.v37n1.104644}, pages = {1 -- 25}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Comparamos la labializaci{\´o}n no asimiladora de nasales finales en espa{\~n}ol en tres corpus de espa{\~n}ol americano (mexicano, colombiano y paraguayo). Si bien es conocida la labializaci{\´o}n no asimiladora en espa{\~n}ol yucateco, es en gran parte desconocida en otras regiones de habla hispana, por lo que a menudo se atribuye a la influencia maya. Ahora bien, se han se{\~n}alado casualmente h{\´a}bitos de pronunciaci{\´o}n similares tanto en Paraguay como en Colombia. Comparando emp{\´i}ricamente la labializaci{\´o}n en tres corpus constituidos sobre la misma base metodol{\´o}gica, concluimos que la evidencia a favor del contacto ling{\"u}{\´i}stico es como mucho sumamente indirecta. Independientemente de esto, encontramos que la diferencia m{\´a}s marcada es que la tasa de labializaci{\´o}n parece ser determinada por la duraci{\´o}n de la pausa subsiguiente en los datos de la pen{\´i}nsula yucateca, mas no en aquellos de Colombia y Paraguay. Argumentamos que es cierto que el contacto puede eventualmente haber desencadenado el desarrollo de este rasgo en el espa{\~n}ol yucateco, puesto que el espa{\~n}ol actual casi no conoce nasales labiales finales, pero el maya s{\´i}. Sin embargo, el perfil ling{\"u}{\´i}stico (hablantes monoling{\"u}es vs. biling{\"u}es) no tiene ning{\´u}n efecto en nuestros datos yucatecos y paraguayos, y en el total de nuestros datos tampoco encontramos evidencia en favor de la hip{\´o}tesis que el contacto ling{\"u}{\´i}stico hubiera jugado un rol (importante) en el desarrollo de las labiales nasales en las tres variedades.}, language = {es} } @phdthesis{Streitboerger2024, author = {Streitb{\"o}rger, Chiara}, title = {Preisalgorithmenkartelle}, series = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, volume = {9}, journal = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-0838-4}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {325}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Mithilfe von Preisalgorithmen sind Unternehmen in der Lage, automatische und wechselseitige Preisanpassungen vorzunehmen. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen klassische Kartellkonstellationen mangels konspirativer Treffen in den Hintergrund treten. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, unter welchen Voraussetzungen der Einsatz von Preisalgorithmen einen Verstoß gegen das europ{\"a}ische Kartellverbot begr{\"u}nden kann. Dazu werden Fallkonstellationen beleuchtet, die ein algorithmisches Zusammenwirken sowohl unmittelbar zwischen Wettbewerbern als auch mittelbar {\"u}ber einen Dritten begr{\"u}nden. Ferner wird auch auf algorithmenspezifische Compliance-Maßnahmen eingegangen. Schließlich werden die praktischen Herausforderungen bei der Aufdeckung und dem Nachweis solcher Kartelle aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @book{Balderjahn2024, author = {Balderjahn, Ingo}, title = {Lust auf Verzicht}, publisher = {oekom verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-98726-319-4}, doi = {10.14512/9783987263194}, pages = {216}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der globale Klimawandel nimmt weiter bedrohlich zu. Hitzewellen, Flutkatastrophen und Waldbr{\"a}nde geh{\"o}ren fast schon zum Alltag. Trotzdem ist die Bereitschaft in der deutschen Bev{\"o}lkerung gering, selbst einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu leisten. Das {\"u}berrascht, denn in Umfragen bekennt sich immer eine große Mehrheit zum Klimaschutz. Allerdings haben wohl viele einen Klimaschutz im Kopf, der pers{\"o}nlich nichts kosten und nichts ver{\"a}ndern darf. Ingo Balderjahn setzt sich mit diesem Widerspruch aus verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Sicht auseinander und legt offen, warum viele weiterhin ungebremst verschwenderisch und klimasch{\"a}dlich konsumieren. Andererseits gibt es durchaus Menschen, die deutlich weniger konsumieren, als sie sich finanziell leisten k{\"o}nnten. Diese Minderheit in Deutschland verzichtet freiwillig auf eher unn{\"o}tige und kurzlebige G{\"u}ter - ohne irgendetwas dabei zu entbehren. Im Gegenteil: Gen{\"u}gsame Konsumgewohnheiten st{\"a}rken die pers{\"o}nliche Selbstbestimmung, Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit und Zufriedenheit.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zhou2024, author = {Zhou, Xiangqian}, title = {Modeling of spatially distributed nitrate transport to investigate the effects of drought and river restoration in the Bode catchment, Central Germany}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621059}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VIII, 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has identified river morphological alteration and diffuse pollution as the two main pressures affecting water bodies in Europe at the catchment scale. Consequently, river restoration has become a priority to achieve the WFD's objective of good ecological status. However, little is known about the effects of stream morphological changes, such as re-meandering, on in-stream nitrate retention at the river network scale. Therefore, catchment nitrate modeling is necessary to guide the implementation of spatially targeted and cost-effective mitigation measures. Meanwhile, Germany, like many other regions in central Europe, has experienced consecutive summer droughts from 2015-2018, resulting in significant changes in river nitrate concentrations in various catchments. However, the mechanistic exploration of catchment nitrate responses to changing weather conditions is still lacking. Firstly, a fully distributed, process-based catchment Nitrate model (mHM-Nitrate) was used, which was properly calibrated and comprehensively evaluated at numerous spatially distributed nitrate sampling locations. Three calibration schemes were designed, taking into account land use, stream order, and mean nitrate concentrations, and they varied in spatial coverage but used data from the same period (2011-2019). The model performance for discharge was similar among the three schemes, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. However, for nitrate concentrations, scheme 2 outperformed schemes 1 and 3 when compared to observed data from eight gauging stations. This was likely because scheme 2 incorporated a diverse range of data, including low discharge values and nitrate concentrations, and thus provided a better representation of within-catchment heterogenous. Therefore, the study suggests that strategically selecting gauging stations that reflect the full range of within-catchment heterogeneity is more important for calibration than simply increasing the number of stations. Secondly, the mHM-Nitrate model was used to reveal the causal relations between sequential droughts and nitrate concentration in the Bode catchment (3200 km2) in central Germany, where stream nitrate concentrations exhibited contrasting trends from upstream to downstream reaches. The model was evaluated using data from six gauging stations, reflecting different levels of runoff components and their associated nitrate-mixing from upstream to downstream. Results indicated that the mHM-Nitrate model reproduced dynamics of daily discharge and nitrate concentration well, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency ≥ 0.73 for discharge and Kling-Gupta Efficiency ≥ 0.50 for nitrate concentration at most stations. Particularly, the spatially contrasting trends of nitrate concentration were successfully captured by the model. The decrease of nitrate concentration in the lowland area in drought years (2015-2018) was presumably due to (1) limited terrestrial export loading (ca. 40\% lower than that of normal years 2004-2014), and (2) increased in-stream retention efficiency (20\% higher in summer within the whole river network). From a mechanistic modelling perspective, this study provided insights into spatially heterogeneous flow and nitrate dynamics and effects of sequential droughts, which shed light on water-quality responses to future climate change, as droughts are projected to be more frequent. Thirdly, this study investigated the effects of stream restoration via re-meandering on in-stream nitrate retention at network-scale in the well-monitored Bode catchment. The mHM-Nitrate model showed good performance in reproducing daily discharge and nitrate concentrations, with median Kling-Gupta values of 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of gross nitrate retention efficiency, which accounted for both denitrification and assimilatory uptake, were 5.1 ± 0.61\% and 74.7 ± 23.2\% in winter and summer, respectively, within the stream network. The study found that in the summer, denitrification rates were about two times higher in lowland sub-catchments dominated by agricultural lands than in mountainous sub-catchments dominated by forested areas, with median ± SD of 204 ± 22.6 and 102 ± 22.1 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Similarly, assimilatory uptake rates were approximately five times higher in streams surrounded by lowland agricultural areas than in those in higher-elevation, forested areas, with median ± SD of 200 ± 27.1 and 39.1 ± 8.7 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Therefore, restoration strategies targeting lowland agricultural areas may have greater potential for increasing nitrate retention. The study also found that restoring stream sinuosity could increase net nitrate retention efficiency by up to 25.4 ± 5.3\%, with greater effects seen in small streams. These results suggest that restoration efforts should consider augmenting stream sinuosity to increase nitrate retention and decrease nitrate concentrations at the catchment scale.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schifferle2024, author = {Schifferle, Lukas}, title = {Optical properties of (Mg,Fe)O at high pressure}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62216}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622166}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIV, 90}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Large parts of the Earth's interior are inaccessible to direct observation, yet global geodynamic processes are governed by the physical material properties under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. It is therefore essential to investigate the deep Earth's physical properties through in-situ laboratory experiments. With this goal in mind, the optical properties of mantle minerals at high pressure offer a unique way to determine a variety of physical properties, in a straight-forward, reproducible, and time-effective manner, thus providing valuable insights into the physical processes of the deep Earth. This thesis focusses on the system Mg-Fe-O, specifically on the optical properties of periclase (MgO) and its iron-bearing variant ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), forming a major planetary building block. The primary objective is to establish links between physical material properties and optical properties. In particular the spin transition in ferropericlase, the second-most abundant phase of the lower mantle, is known to change the physical material properties. Although the spin transition region likely extends down to the core-mantle boundary, the ef-fects of the mixed-spin state, where both high- and low-spin state are present, remains poorly constrained. In the studies presented herein, we show how optical properties are linked to physical properties such as electrical conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity and viscosity. We also show how the optical properties reveal changes in the chemical bonding. Furthermore, we unveil how the chemical bonding, the optical and other physical properties are affected by the iron spin transition. We find opposing trends in the pres-sure dependence of the refractive index of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O. From 1 atm to ~140 GPa, the refractive index of MgO decreases by ~2.4\% from 1.737 to 1.696 (±0.017). In contrast, the refractive index of (Mg0.87Fe0.13)O (Fp13) and (Mg0.76Fe0.24)O (Fp24) ferropericlase increases with pressure, likely because Fe Fe interactions between adjacent iron sites hinder a strong decrease of polarizability, as it is observed with increasing density in the case of pure MgO. An analysis of the index dispersion in MgO (decreasing by ~23\% from 1 atm to ~103 GPa) reflects a widening of the band gap from ~7.4 eV at 1 atm to ~8.5 (±0.6) eV at ~103 GPa. The index dispersion (between 550 and 870 nm) of Fp13 reveals a decrease by a factor of ~3 over the spin transition range (~44-100 GPa). We show that the electrical band gap of ferropericlase significantly widens up to ~4.7 eV in the mixed spin region, equivalent to an increase by a factor of ~1.7. We propose that this is due to a lower electron mobility between adjacent Fe2+ sites of opposite spin, explaining the previously observed low electrical conductivity in the mixed spin region. From the study of absorbance spectra in Fp13, we show an increasing covalency of the Fe-O bond with pressure for high-spin ferropericlase, whereas in the low-spin state a trend to a more ionic nature of the Fe-O bond is observed, indicating a bond weakening effect of the spin transition. We found that the spin transition is ultimately caused by both an increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and a decreasing spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.}, language = {en} } @misc{ErnstProeveKrieger2024, author = {Ernst, Sebastian and Pr{\"o}ve, Ralf and Krieger, Jannis M.}, title = {Konstruktivistisches Prozessmodell Historischer Erkenntnisbildung}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626341}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Vergangenheit ist vergangen, Geschichte wird gemacht. An diesem Konstruktionsprozess sind nicht nur die historischen Akteur:innen und deren Quellen, sondern in besonderem Maße auch die Historiker:innen, die sich mit diesen auseinandersetzen, beteiligt. Sie sind es, die die Quellen erst zum Sprudeln bringen. Was dabei zutage tritt, ist somit in hohem Maße von den Forschenden selbst, von ihren Vorannahmen und Methoden aber auch von ihren sozialen, kulturellen und biografischen Pr{\"a}gungen abh{\"a}ngig. Das hier vorgestellte Prozessmodell versucht, diese als Einflussfaktoren zu fassen und sichtbar zu machen, um auf dieser Basis eine erweiterte wissenschaftliche (Selbst-)Reflexion zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rabe2024, author = {Rabe, Maximilian Michael}, title = {Modeling the interaction of sentence processing and eye-movement control in reading}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62279}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622792}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 171}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The evaluation of process-oriented cognitive theories through time-ordered observations is crucial for the advancement of cognitive science. The findings presented herein integrate insights from research on eye-movement control and sentence comprehension during reading, addressing challenges in modeling time-ordered data, statistical inference, and interindividual variability. Using kernel density estimation and a pseudo-marginal likelihood for fixation durations and locations, a likelihood implementation of the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading (Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813) is proposed. Within the broader framework of data assimilation, Bayesian parameter inference with adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques is facilitated for reliable model fitting. Across the different studies, this framework has shown to enable reliable parameter recovery from simulated data and prediction of experimental summary statistics. Despite its complexity, SWIFT can be fitted within a principled Bayesian workflow, capturing interindividual differences and modeling experimental effects on reading across different geometrical alterations of text. Based on these advancements, the integrated dynamical model SEAM is proposed, which combines eye-movement control, a traditionally psychological research area, and post-lexical language processing in the form of cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis \& Vasishth, Cognitive Science, 29, 2005, pp. 375-419), typically the purview of psycholinguistics. This proof-of-concept integration marks a significant step forward in natural language comprehension during reading and suggests that the presented methodology can be useful to develop complex cognitive dynamical models that integrate processes at levels of perception, higher cognition, and (oculo-)motor control. These findings collectively advance process-oriented cognitive modeling and highlight the importance of Bayesian inference, individual differences, and interdisciplinary integration for a holistic understanding of reading processes. Implications for theory and methodology, including proposals for model comparison and hierarchical parameter inference, are briefly discussed.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-61194, title = {Landesrecht Brandenburg}, series = {Nomos Gesetze}, journal = {Nomos Gesetze}, editor = {von Br{\"u}nneck, Alexander and H{\"a}rtel, Ines and Dombert, Matthias}, edition = {27. Auflage, Stand: 15. August 2023}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1043-1}, pages = {949}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die topaktuelle 27. Auflage mit den wichtigsten Vorschriften des Landes Brandenburg f{\"u}r Studium, Referendariat und juristische Praxis ber{\"u}cksichtigt u.a. {\"A}nderungen des Landeswahlgesetzes, des Polizei- und des Pressegesetzes, des Juristenausbildungsgesetzes und der Juristenausbildungsordnung sowie des Schiedsstellen-, Schlichtungs- und G{\"u}testellengesetzes. Schaubilder verdeutlichen den Aufbau der Gerichtsbarkeit und der Verwaltung. Gliederungen und ein ausf{\"u}hrliches Register f{\"u}hren schnell zur gesuchten Norm, die durchg{\"a}ngige Satznummerierung gew{\"a}hrleistet pr{\"a}zise Zitierf{\"a}higkeit. Die Sammlung ist in Brandenburg zu den Staatsexamina zugelassen.}, language = {de} } @article{DespujolZabalaAlarioHoyosTurroRibaltaetal.2024, author = {Despujol Zabala, Ignacio and Alario Hoyos, Carlos and Turr{\´o} Ribalta, Carlos and Delgado Kloos, Carlos and Montoro Manrique, Germ{\´a}n and Busquets Mataix, Jaime}, title = {Transforming Open Edx into the next On-Campus LMS}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62512}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-625122}, pages = {5}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Open edX is an incredible platform to deliver MOOCs and SPOCs, designed to be robust and support hundreds of thousands of students at the same time. Nevertheless, it lacks a lot of the fine-grained functionality needed to handle students individually in an on-campus course. This short session will present the ongoing project undertaken by the 6 public universities of the Region of Madrid plus the Universitat Polit{\`e}cnica de Val{\`e}ncia, in the framework of a national initiative called UniDigital, funded by the Ministry of Universities of Spain within the Plan de Recuperaci{\´o}n, Transformaci{\´o}n y Resiliencia of the European Union. This project, led by three of these Spanish universities (UC3M, UPV, UAM), is investing more than half a million euros with the purpose of bringing the Open edX platform closer to the functionalities required for an LMS to support on-campus teaching. The aim of the project is to coordinate what is going to be developed with the Open edX development community, so these developments are incorporated into the core of the Open edX platform in its next releases. Features like a complete redesign of platform analytics to make them real-time, the creation of dashboards based on these analytics, the integration of a system for customized automatic feedback, improvement of exams and tasks and the extension of grading capabilities, improvements in the graphical interfaces for both students and teachers, the extension of the emailing capabilities, redesign of the file management system, integration of H5P content, the integration of a tool to create mind maps, the creation of a system to detect students at risk, or the integration of an advanced voice assistant and a gamification mobile app, among others, are part of the functionalities to be developed. The idea is to transform a first-class MOOC platform into the next on-campus LMS.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Adelt2024, author = {Adelt, Anne}, title = {The Relativized Minimality approach to comprehension of German relative clauses in aphasia}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62331}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-623312}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 166}, year = {2024}, abstract = {It is a well-attested finding in head-initial languages that individuals with aphasia (IWA) have greater difficulties in comprehending object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs) as compared to subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs). Adopting the linguistically based approach of Relativized Minimality (RM; Rizzi, 1990, 2004), the subject-object asymmetry is attributed to the occurrence of a Minimality effect in ORCs due to reduced processing capacities in IWA (Garraffa \& Grillo, 2008; Grillo, 2008, 2009). For ORCs, it is claimed that the embedded subject intervenes in the syntactic dependency between the moved object and its trace, resulting in greater processing demands. In contrast, no such intervener is present in SRCs. Based on the theoretical framework of RM and findings from language acquisition (Belletti et al., 2012; Friedmann et al., 2009), it is assumed that Minimality effects are alleviated when the moved object and the intervening subject differ in terms of relevant syntactic features. For German, the language under investigation, the RM approach predicts that number (i.e., singular vs. plural) and the lexical restriction [+NP] feature (i.e., lexically restricted determiner phrases vs. lexically unrestricted pronouns) are considered relevant in the computation of Minimality. Greater degrees of featural distinctiveness are predicted to result in more facilitated processing of ORCs, because IWA can more easily distinguish between the moved object and the intervener. This cumulative dissertation aims to provide empirical evidence on the validity of the RM approach in accounting for comprehension patterns during relative clause (RC) processing in German-speaking IWA. For that purpose, I conducted two studies including visual-world eye-tracking experiments embedded within an auditory referent-identification task to study the offline and online processing of German RCs. More specifically, target sentences were created to evaluate (a) whether IWA demonstrate a subject-object asymmetry, (b) whether dissimilarity in the number and/or the [+NP] features facilitates ORC processing, and (c) whether sentence processing in IWA benefits from greater degrees of featural distinctiveness. Furthermore, by comparing RCs disambiguated through case marking (at the relative pronoun or the following noun phrase) and number marking (inflection of the sentence-final verb), it was possible to consider the role of the relative position of the disambiguation point. The RM approach predicts that dissimilarity in case should not affect the occurrence of Minimality effects. However, the case cue to sentence interpretation appears earlier within RCs than the number cue, which may result in lower processing costs in case-disambiguated RCs compared to number-disambiguated RCs. In study I, target sentences varied with respect to word order (SRC vs. ORC) and dissimilarity in the [+NP] feature (lexically restricted determiner phrase vs. pronouns as embedded element). Moreover, by comparing the impact of these manipulations in case- and number-disambiguated RCs, the effect of dissimilarity in the number feature was explored. IWA demonstrated a subject-object asymmetry, indicating the occurrence of a Minimality effect in ORCs. However, dissimilarity neither in the number feature nor in the [+NP] feature alone facilitated ORC processing. Instead, only ORCs involving distinct specifications of both the number and the [+NP] features were well comprehended by IWA. In study II, only temporarily ambiguous ORCs disambiguated through case or number marking were investigated, while controlling for varying points of disambiguation. There was a slight processing advantage of case marking as cue to sentence interpretation as compared to number marking. Taken together, these findings suggest that the RM approach can only partially capture empirical data from German IWA. In processing complex syntactic structures, IWA are susceptible to the occurrence of the intervening subject in ORCs. The new findings reported in the thesis show that structural dissimilarity can modulate sentence comprehension in aphasia. Interestingly, IWA can override Minimality effects in ORCs and derive correct sentence meaning if the featural specifications of the constituents are maximally different, because they can more easily distinguish the moved object and the intervening subject given their reduced processing capacities. This dissertation presents new scientific knowledge that highlights how the syntactic theory of RM helps to uncover selective effects of morpho-syntactic features on sentence comprehension in aphasia, emphasizing the close link between assumptions from theoretical syntax and empirical research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vitagliano2024, author = {Vitagliano, Gerardo}, title = {Modeling the structure of tabular files for data preparation}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62435}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624351}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ii, 114}, year = {2024}, abstract = {To manage tabular data files and leverage their content in a given downstream task, practitioners often design and execute complex transformation pipelines to prepare them. The complexity of such pipelines stems from different factors, including the nature of the preparation tasks, often exploratory or ad-hoc to specific datasets; the large repertory of tools, algorithms, and frameworks that practitioners need to master; and the volume, variety, and velocity of the files to be prepared. Metadata plays a fundamental role in reducing this complexity: characterizing a file assists end users in the design of data preprocessing pipelines, and furthermore paves the way for suggestion, automation, and optimization of data preparation tasks. Previous research in the areas of data profiling, data integration, and data cleaning, has focused on extracting and characterizing metadata regarding the content of tabular data files, i.e., about the records and attributes of tables. Content metadata are useful for the latter stages of a preprocessing pipeline, e.g., error correction, duplicate detection, or value normalization, but they require a properly formed tabular input. Therefore, these metadata are not relevant for the early stages of a preparation pipeline, i.e., to correctly parse tables out of files. In this dissertation, we turn our focus to what we call the structure of a tabular data file, i.e., the set of characters within a file that do not represent data values but are required to parse and understand the content of the file. We provide three different approaches to represent file structure, an explicit representation based on context-free grammars; an implicit representation based on file-wise similarity; and a learned representation based on machine learning. In our first contribution, we use the grammar-based representation to characterize a set of over 3000 real-world csv files and identify multiple structural issues that let files deviate from the csv standard, e.g., by having inconsistent delimiters or containing multiple tables. We leverage our learnings about real-world files and propose Pollock, a benchmark to test how well systems parse csv files that have a non-standard structure, without any previous preparation. We report on our experiments on using Pollock to evaluate the performance of 16 real-world data management systems. Following, we characterize the structure of files implicitly, by defining a measure of structural similarity for file pairs. We design a novel algorithm to compute this measure, which is based on a graph representation of the files' content. We leverage this algorithm and propose Mondrian, a graphical system to assist users in identifying layout templates in a dataset, classes of files that have the same structure, and therefore can be prepared by applying the same preparation pipeline. Finally, we introduce MaGRiTTE, a novel architecture that uses self-supervised learning to automatically learn structural representations of files in the form of vectorial embeddings at three different levels: cell level, row level, and file level. We experiment with the application of structural embeddings for several tasks, namely dialect detection, row classification, and data preparation efforts estimation. Our experimental results show that structural metadata, either identified explicitly on parsing grammars, derived implicitly as file-wise similarity, or learned with the help of machine learning architectures, is fundamental to automate several tasks, to scale up preparation to large quantities of files, and to provide repeatable preparation pipelines.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ghahremani2024, author = {Ghahremani, Sona}, title = {Incremental self-adaptation of dynamic architectures attaining optimality and scalability}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62423}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624232}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 285}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The landscape of software self-adaptation is shaped in accordance with the need to cost-effectively achieve and maintain (software) quality at runtime and in the face of dynamic operation conditions. Optimization-based solutions perform an exhaustive search in the adaptation space, thus they may provide quality guarantees. However, these solutions render the attainment of optimal adaptation plans time-intensive, thereby hindering scalability. Conversely, deterministic rule-based solutions yield only sub-optimal adaptation decisions, as they are typically bound by design-time assumptions, yet they offer efficient processing and implementation, readability, expressivity of individual rules supporting early verification. Addressing the quality-cost trade-of requires solutions that simultaneously exhibit the scalability and cost-efficiency of rulebased policy formalism and the optimality of optimization-based policy formalism as explicit artifacts for adaptation. Utility functions, i.e., high-level specifications that capture system objectives, support the explicit treatment of quality-cost trade-off. Nevertheless, non-linearities, complex dynamic architectures, black-box models, and runtime uncertainty that makes the prior knowledge obsolete are a few of the sources of uncertainty and subjectivity that render the elicitation of utility non-trivial. This thesis proposes a twofold solution for incremental self-adaptation of dynamic architectures. First, we introduce Venus, a solution that combines in its design a ruleand an optimization-based formalism enabling optimal and scalable adaptation of dynamic architectures. Venus incorporates rule-like constructs and relies on utility theory for decision-making. Using a graph-based representation of the architecture, Venus captures rules as graph patterns that represent architectural fragments, thus enabling runtime extensibility and, in turn, support for dynamic architectures; the architecture is evaluated by assigning utility values to fragments; pattern-based definition of rules and utility enables incremental computation of changes on the utility that result from rule executions, rather than evaluating the complete architecture, which supports scalability. Second, we introduce HypeZon, a hybrid solution for runtime coordination of multiple off-the-shelf adaptation policies, which typically offer only partial satisfaction of the quality and cost requirements. Realized based on meta-self-aware architectures, HypeZon complements Venus by re-using existing policies at runtime for balancing the quality-cost trade-off. The twofold solution of this thesis is integrated in an adaptation engine that leverages state- and event-based principles for incremental execution, therefore, is scalable for large and dynamic software architectures with growing size and complexity. The utility elicitation challenge is resolved by defining a methodology to train utility-change prediction models. The thesis addresses the quality-cost trade-off in adaptation of dynamic software architectures via design-time combination (Venus) and runtime coordination (HypeZon) of rule- and optimization-based policy formalisms, while offering supporting mechanisms for optimal, cost-effective, scalable, and robust adaptation. The solutions are evaluated according to a methodology that is obtained based on our systematic literature review of evaluation in self-healing systems; the applicability and effectiveness of the contributions are demonstrated to go beyond the state-of-the-art in coverage of a wide spectrum of the problem space for software self-adaptation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hegener2024, author = {Hegener, Wolfgang}, title = {In the beginning was the scripture}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61882}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618827}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {406}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Sigmund Freud, der Begr{\"u}nder der Psychoanalyse, hat sein intellektuelles Leben mit der J{\"u}dischen Bibel begonnen und es zugleich mit ihr auch beendet. Am Anfang stand die gemeinsame Lekt{\"u}re in der Philippson-Bibel vor allem mit seinem Vater Jacob Freud und am Ende seine Besch{\"a}ftigung mit der Figur des Mose. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht den Spuren dieser Besch{\"a}ftigung systematisch nach und zeigt, dass die J{\"u}dische Bibel f{\"u}r Freud ein konstanter Bezug war und seine j{\"u}dische Identit{\"a}t bestimmt hat. Dies wird anhand der Analyse von Familiendokumenten, des Religionsunterrichts sowie der Bezugnahme auf die Bibel in Freuds Schriften und Korrespondenzen gezeigt.}, language = {en} } @misc{MiechielsenSchmidt2024, author = {Miechielsen, Milena and Schmidt, Katja}, title = {Leitfaden f{\"u}r die Erstellung von kommunalen Aktionspl{\"a}nen zur Steigerung der urbanen Klimaresilienz}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63057}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630578}, pages = {85}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die durch Klimaver{\"a}nderungen hervorgerufenen Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Umwelt werden immer offensichtlicher: Neben der gesundheitlichen Gef{\"a}hrdung durch Hitzewellen, die deutschlandweit seit einigen Jahren eine steigende Rate an Todes- und Krankheitsf{\"a}llen zur Folge hat sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Starkniederschl{\"a}ge und daraus resultierenden {\"U}berschwemmungen bzw. Sturzfluten aufgetreten. Diese ziehen zum Teil immensen wirtschaftlichen Sch{\"a}den, aber auch Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen f{\"u}r die menschliche Gesundheit - sowohl physisch als auch psychisch - sowie gar Todesopfer nach sich. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Extremwetterereignisse zuk{\"u}nftiger noch h{\"a}ufiger auftreten werden. Um die Bev{\"o}lkerung besser vor den Folgen dieser Wetterextreme zu sch{\"u}tzen, sind neben Klimaschutzmaßnahmen auch Vorsorge- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen zur Steigerung der kommunalen Klimaresilienz dringend notwendig. Dazu bedarf es einerseits einer Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen kommunalen Risiken und daraus resultierenden Handlungsbedarfen, und andererseits eines interdisziplin{\"a}ren, querschnittsorientierten und prozessorientierten Planens und Handelns. Aktionspl{\"a}ne sollen diese beiden Aspekte b{\"u}ndeln. In den letzten Jahren sind einige kommunale und kommunen{\"u}bergreifende (Hitze-) aufgestellt worden. Diese unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrem Inhalt und Umfang zum Teil erheblich. Mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden soll eine effektive Hilfestellung geschaffen werden, um Kommunen bzw. die kommunale Verwaltung auf dem Weg zum eigenen Aktionsplan zu unterst{\"u}tzt. Dabei fokussiert der Leitfaden auf die Herausforderungen, die sich durch vermehrte Hitze- und Starkregenereignisse ergeben. Er st{\"u}tzt sich auf schon vorhandene Arbeitshilfen, Handlungsempfehlungen, Leitf{\"a}den und weitere Hinweise und verweist an vielen Stellen auch darauf. So soll ein praxistauglicher Leitfaden entstehen, der flexibel anwendbar ist. Mit Hilfe des vorliegenden Leitfadens k{\"o}nnen Kommunen ihre Aktivit{\"a}ten auf Hitze oder Starkregen fokussieren oder einen umfassenden Aktionsplan f{\"u}r beide Themenbereiche erstellen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Limberger2024, author = {Limberger, Daniel}, title = {Concepts and techniques for 3D-embedded treemaps and their application to software visualization}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-632014}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 118}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis addresses concepts and techniques for interactive visualization of hierarchical data using treemaps. It explores (1) how treemaps can be embedded in 3D space to improve their information content and expressiveness, (2) how the readability of treemaps can be improved using level-of-detail and degree-of-interest techniques, and (3) how to design and implement a software framework for the real-time web-based rendering of treemaps embedded in 3D. With a particular emphasis on their application, use cases from software analytics are taken to test and evaluate the presented concepts and techniques. Concerning the first challenge, this thesis shows that a 3D attribute space offers enhanced possibilities for the visual mapping of data compared to classical 2D treemaps. In particular, embedding in 3D allows for improved implementation of visual variables (e.g., by sketchiness and color weaving), provision of new visual variables (e.g., by physically based materials and in situ templates), and integration of visual metaphors (e.g., by reference surfaces and renderings of natural phenomena) into the three-dimensional representation of treemaps. For the second challenge—the readability of an information visualization—the work shows that the generally higher visual clutter and increased cognitive load typically associated with three-dimensional information representations can be kept low in treemap-based representations of both small and large hierarchical datasets. By introducing an adaptive level-of-detail technique, we cannot only declutter the visualization results, thereby reducing cognitive load and mitigating occlusion problems, but also summarize and highlight relevant data. Furthermore, this approach facilitates automatic labeling, supports the emphasis on data outliers, and allows visual variables to be adjusted via degree-of-interest measures. The third challenge is addressed by developing a real-time rendering framework with WebGL and accumulative multi-frame rendering. The framework removes hardware constraints and graphics API requirements, reduces interaction response times, and simplifies high-quality rendering. At the same time, the implementation effort for a web-based deployment of treemaps is kept reasonable. The presented visualization concepts and techniques are applied and evaluated for use cases in software analysis. In this domain, data about software systems, especially about the state and evolution of the source code, does not have a descriptive appearance or natural geometric mapping, making information visualization a key technology here. In particular, software source code can be visualized with treemap-based approaches because of its inherently hierarchical structure. With treemaps embedded in 3D, we can create interactive software maps that visually map, software metrics, software developer activities, or information about the evolution of software systems alongside their hierarchical module structure. Discussions on remaining challenges and opportunities for future research for 3D-embedded treemaps and their applications conclude the thesis.}, language = {en} } @article{VorpahlMerkel2024, author = {Vorpahl, Jenny and Merkel, Linda}, title = {„Oh Gott, k{\"o}nnen wir nicht etwas anderes thematisieren?"}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630075}, pages = {39}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Projektseminarkonzept reagiert auf eine wahrgenommene Distanz und Unsicherheit Studierender im Fach Lebensgestaltung-Ethik-Religionskunde gegen{\"u}ber religionsbezogenen Themen. Mittels verschiedener Strategien wurde, ausgehend von der Conceptual Change-Forschung, zur Wahrnehmung und Reflexion des eigenen kulturellen Standortes und der eigenen Konzepte in Bezug auf Religion(en) angeregt. Ihren Lernprozess haben die Studierenden in Arbeitsjournaleintr{\"a}gen festgehalten. Diese Eintr{\"a}ge wurden wiederum mittels einer qualitative Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Nach der Darstellung der dabei erhobenen religions- und unterrichtsbezogenen Vorstellungen der Studierenden werden im Beitrag Anregungen gegeben, inwiefern die analysierten Befunde als Grundlage f{\"u}r die Verbesserung der Hochschullehre im Fachbereich dienen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{GostkowskaLekner2024, author = {Gostkowska-Lekner, Natalia Katarzyna}, title = {Organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and mesoporous silicon for thermoelectric applications}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62047}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-620475}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {121}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis presents a comprehensive study on synthesis, structure and thermoelectric transport properties of organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and porous silicon. The effect of embedding polymer in silicon pores on the electrical and thermal transport is studied. Morphological studies confirm successful polymer infiltration and diffusion doping with roughly 50\% of the pore space occupied by conjugated polymer. Synchrotron diffraction experiments reveal no specific ordering of the polymer inside the pores. P3HT-pSi hybrids show improved electrical transport by five orders of magnitude compared to porous silicon and power factor values comparable or exceeding other P3HT-inorganic hybrids. The analysis suggests different transport mechanisms in both materials. In pSi, the transport mechanism relates to a Meyer-Neldel compansation rule. The analysis of hybrids' data using the power law in Kang-Snyder model suggests that a doped polymer mainly provides charge carriers to the pSi matrix, similar to the behavior of a doped semiconductor. Heavily suppressed thermal transport in porous silicon is treated with a modified Landauer/Lundstrom model and effective medium theories, which reveal that pSi agrees well with the Kirkpatrick model with a 68\% percolation threshold. Thermal conductivities of hybrids show an increase compared to the empty pSi but the overall thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of P3HT-pSi hybrid exceeds both pSi and P3HT as well as bulk Si.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Andres2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Andres, Maximilian}, title = {Equilibrium selection in infinitely repeated games with communication}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {75}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63180}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631800}, pages = {38}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The present paper proposes a novel approach for equilibrium selection in the infinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma where players can communicate before choosing their strategies. This approach yields a critical discount factor that makes different predictions for cooperation than the usually considered sub-game perfect or risk dominance critical discount factors. In laboratory experiments, we find that our factor is useful for predicting cooperation. For payoff changes where the usually considered factors and our factor make different predictions, the observed cooperation is consistent with the predictions based on our factor.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-63303, title = {Trouble Every Day : Zum Schrecken des Allt{\"a}glichen}, editor = {Hordych, Anna and Ungelenk, Johannes}, publisher = {Brill Fink}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-8467-6721-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783846767214}, pages = {XXXII, 240}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Band ist den existenziellen Turbulenzen gewidmet, die dem Menschen nicht als katastrophales Ereignis widerfahren, sondern seinen unentrinnbaren Alltag formen. Egal ob Verschiebungen im universit{\"a}ren Selbstverst{\"a}ndnis (Vinken), Umgang mit geschlechtlicher Abweichung (Ungelenk; Hordych), Br{\"u}chen im Familiengef{\"u}ge (Brook; Goldmann), Kampf gegen Abholzung (Nixon), technische Total{\"u}berwachung im Alltag (S{\o}ilen/Maurer), narratologische Erkundungen von Zeit oder Gattung (Horst; Pierstorff; Reisener), stets erweist sich scheinbar banaler Alltag als erstaunlich produktiver Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r gesellschaftliche, k{\"u}nstlerische und denkerische Prozesse. Das Gew{\"o}hnliche des Alltags ist nicht l{\"a}nger bloß statische Folie f{\"u}r einbrechende Ereignisse - es ist selbst als generatives Werden nobilitiert, das nun aber doppelb{\"o}dige Wertung annimmt: Alltag verliert im Zuge einer Philosophie der Moderne das Verl{\"a}ssliche (H{\"u}sch; Khurana), wird bedrohlich; zugleich bietet diese neue Unruhe des Alltags, sein "trouble", aber auch Chancen f{\"u}r Ver{\"a}nderung und feministisch-kritische oder k{\"u}nstlerische Intervention.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Khurana2024, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {Die Unheimlichkeit des Gew{\"o}hnlichen}, series = {Trouble Every Day : Zum Schrecken des Allt{\"a}glichen}, booktitle = {Trouble Every Day : Zum Schrecken des Allt{\"a}glichen}, publisher = {Brill Fink}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-8467-6721-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783846767214_006}, pages = {91 -- 105}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Boila2024, author = {Boila, Chiara}, title = {The processing of OVS and passive sentences in German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62972}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629723}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 223}, year = {2024}, abstract = {It is a common finding that preschoolers have difficulties in identifying who is doing what to whom in non-canonical sentences, such as (object-verb-subject) OVS and passive sentences in German. This dissertation investigates how German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children process German OVS sentences in Study 1 and German passives in Study 2. Offline data (i.e., accuracy data) and online data (i.e., eye-gaze and pupillometry data) were analyzed to explore whether children can assign thematic roles during sentence comprehension and processing. Executive functions, language-internal and -external factors were investigated as potential predictors for children's sentence comprehension and processing. Throughout the literature, there are contradicting findings on the relation between language and executive functions. While some results show a bilingual cognitive advantage over monolingual speakers, others suggest there is no relationship between bilingualism and executive functions. If bilingual children possess more advanced executive function abilities than monolingual children, then this might also be reflected in a better performance on linguistic tasks. In the current studies monolingual and bilingual children were tested by means of two executive function tasks: the Flanker task and the task-switching paradigm. However, these findings showed no bilingual cognitive advantages and no better performance by bilingual children in the linguistic tasks. The performance was rather comparable between bilingual and monolingual children, or even better for the monolingual group. This may be due to cross-linguistic influences and language experience (i.e., language input and output). Italian was used because it does not syntactically overlap with the structure of German OVS sentences, and it only overlapped with one of the two types of sentence condition used for the passive study - considering the subject-(finite)verb alignment. The findings showed a better performance of bilingual children in the passive sentence structure that syntactically overlapped in the two languages, providing evidence for cross-linguistic influences. Further factors for children's sentence comprehension were considered. The parents' education, the number of older siblings and language experience variables were derived from a language background questionnaire completed by parents. Scores of receptive vocabulary and grammar, visual and short-term memory and reasoning ability were measured by means of standardized tests. It was shown that higher German language experience by bilinguals correlates with better accuracy in German OVS sentences but not in passive sentences. Memory capacity had a positive effect on the comprehension of OVS and passive sentences in the bilingual group. Additionally, a role was played by executive function abilities in the comprehension of OVS sentences and not of passive sentences. It is suggested that executive function abilities might help children in the sentence comprehension task when the linguistic structures are not yet fully mastered. Altogether, these findings show that bilinguals' poorer performance in the comprehension and processing of German OVS is mainly due to reduced language experience in German, and that the different performance of bilingual children with the two types of passives is mainly due to cross-linguistic influences.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Harbart2024, author = {Harbart, Vanessa}, title = {The effect of protected cultivation on the nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var capitata L.) with a focus on antifogging additives in polyolefin covers}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62937}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629375}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 115}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Protected cultivation in greenhouses or polytunnels offers the potential for sustainable production of high-yield, high-quality vegetables. This is related to the ability to produce more on less land and to use resources responsibly and efficiently. Crop yield has long been considered the most important factor. However, as plant-based diets have been proposed for a sustainable food system, the targeted enrichment of health-promoting plant secondary metabolites should be addressed. These metabolites include carotenoids and flavonoids, which are associated with several health benefits, such as cardiovascular health and cancer protection. Cover materials generally have an influence on the climatic conditions, which in turn can affect the levels of secondary metabolites in vegetables grown underneath. Plastic materials are cost-effective and their properties can be modified by incorporating additives, making them the first choice. However, these additives can migrate and leach from the material, resulting in reduced service life, increased waste and possible environmental release. Antifogging additives are used in agricultural films to prevent the formation of droplets on the film surface, thereby increasing light transmission and preventing microbiological contamination. This thesis focuses on LDPE/EVA covers and incorporated antifogging additives for sustainable protected cultivation, following two different approaches. The first addressed the direct effects of leached antifogging additives using simulation studies on lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa var capitata L). The second determined the effect of antifog polytunnel covers on lettuce quality. Lettuce is usually grown under protective cover and can provide high nutritional value due to its carotenoid and flavonoid content, depending on the cultivar. To study the influence of simulated leached antifogging additives on lettuce leaves, a GC-MS method was first developed to analyze these additives based on their fatty acid moieties. Three structurally different antifogging additives (reference material) were characterized outside of a polymer matrix for the first time. All of them contained more than the main fatty acid specified by the manufacturer. Furthermore, they were found to adhere to the leaf surface and could not be removed by water or partially by hexane. The incorporation of these additives into polytunnel covers affects carotenoid levels in lettuce, but not flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives and chlorophylls. Specifically, carotenoids were higher in lettuce grown under polytunnels without antifog than with antifog. This has been linked to their effect on the light regime and was suggested to be related to carotenoid function in photosynthesis. In terms of protected cultivation, the use of LDPE/EVA polytunnels affected light and temperature, and both are closely related. The carotenoid and flavonoid contents of lettuce grown under polytunnels was reversed, with higher carotenoid and lower flavonoid levels. At the individual level, the flavonoids detected in lettuce did not differ however, lettuce carotenoids adapted specifically depending on the time of cultivation. Flavonoid reduction was shown to be transcriptionally regulated (CHS) in response to UV light (UVR8). In contrast, carotenoids are thought to be regulated post-transcriptionally, as indicated by the lack of correlation between carotenoid levels and transcripts of the first enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis (PSY) and a carotenoid degrading enzyme (CCD4), as well as the increased carotenoid metabolic flux. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms and metabolite adaptation strategies could further advance the strategic development and selection of cover materials.}, language = {en} } @misc{Steegmann2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Steegmann, Helena}, title = {Die Rolle der Frauen in der Revolution 1848/49 - Anregungen f{\"u}r den Politikunterricht}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63029}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630290}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {78}, year = {2024}, abstract = {An die Revolution 1848/49 wird als wesentliches Ereignis deutscher Demokratiegeschichte erinnert; die Beteiligung von Frauen nimmt jedoch bis heute im kollektiven Ged{\"a}chtnis einen untergeordneten Stellenwert ein. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich aus diesem Grund spezifisch mit der Rolle der Frauen in der Revolution 1848/49 und bietet Anregungen f{\"u}r die Integration des Themas in den Politikunterricht. Wie die Ergebnisse der Arbeit verdeutlichen, nutzten zahlreiche Frauen die Aufbruchsstimmung der 1840er Jahre, um sich auf verschiedene Arten und Weisen politisch zu engagieren. Zwar blieben viele dabei innerhalb der dichotomen Geschlechterteilung verhaftet, welche auf dem sich im 19. Jahrhundert herausbildenden b{\"u}rgerlichen Geschlechtermodell beruhte. Einige {\"u}berschritten diese Grenzen jedoch trotz harter Sanktionen auch bewusst. Sichtbar wird, dass die weibliche Beteiligung zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht zur grunds{\"a}tzlichen Infragestellung der Geschlechterpolarit{\"a}t f{\"u}hrte, aber die Frauen zunehmend den {\"o}ffentlichen Raum auch f{\"u}r sich beanspruchten und damit die Grundlagen f{\"u}r die deutsche Frauenbewegung der folgenden Jahrzehnte schufen. Die schulische Thematisierung der Rolle der Frauen in der Revolution 1848/49 bietet sich sowohl im Geschichts- und Politikunterricht als auch f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifend hinsichtlich vielf{\"a}ltiger Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkte an. Die Integration des Themas in den Unterricht kann insbesondere dazu beitragen, das historische Erbe der Anf{\"a}nge der Frauenbewegung zu bewahren, und es zudem f{\"u}r die Vermittlung demokratischer Werte nutzbar machen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Stallasch2024, author = {Stallasch, Sophie E.}, title = {Optimizing power analysis for randomized experiments: Design parameters for student achievement}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62939}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629396}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 224}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Randomized trials (RTs) are promising methodological tools to inform evidence-based reform to enhance schooling. Establishing a robust knowledge base on how to promote student achievement requires sensitive RT designs demonstrating sufficient statistical power and precision to draw conclusive and correct inferences on the effectiveness of educational programs and innovations. Proper power analysis is therefore an integral component of any informative RT on student achievement. This venture critically hinges on the availability of reasonable input variance design parameters (and their inherent uncertainties) that optimally reflect the realities around the prospective RT—precisely, its target population and outcome, possibly applied covariates, the concrete design as well as the planned analysis. However, existing compilations in this vein show far-reaching shortcomings. The overarching endeavor of the present doctoral thesis was to substantively expand available resources devoted to tweak the planning of RTs evaluating educational interventions. At the core of this thesis is a systematic analysis of design parameters for student achievement, generating reliable and versatile compendia and developing thorough guidance to support apt power analysis to design strong RTs. To this end, the thesis at hand bundles two complementary studies which capitalize on rich data of several national probability samples from major German longitudinal large-scale assessments. Study I applied two- and three-level latent (covariate) modeling to analyze design parameters for a wide spectrum of mathematical-scientific, verbal, and domain-general achievement outcomes. Three vital covariate sets were covered comprising (a) pretests, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. The accumulated estimates were additionally summarized in terms of normative distributions. Study II specified (manifest) single-, two-, and three-level models and referred to influential psychometric heuristics to analyze design parameters and develop concise selection guidelines for covariate (a) types of varying bandwidth-fidelity (domain-identical, cross-domain, fluid intelligence pretests; sociodemographic characteristics), (b) combinations quantifying incremental validities, and (c) time lags of 1- to 7-year-lagged pretests scrutinizing validity degradation. The estimates for various mathematical-scientific and verbal achievement outcomes were meta-analytically integrated and employed in precision simulations. In doing so, Studies I and II addressed essential gaps identified in previous repertoires in six major dimensions: Taken together, this thesis accumulated novel design parameters and deliberate guidance for RT power analysis (1) tailored to four German student (sub)populations across the entire school career from Grade 1 to 12, (2) matched to 21 achievement (sub)domains, (3) adjusted for 11 covariate sets enriched by empirically supported guidelines, (4) adapted to six RT designs, (5) suitable for latent and manifest analysis models, (6) which were cataloged along with quantifications of their associated uncertainties. These resources are complemented by a plethora of illustrative application examples to gently direct psychological and educational researchers through pivotal steps in the process of RT design. The striking heterogeneity of the design parameter estimates across all these dimensions constitutes the overall, joint key result of Studies I and II. Hence, this work convincingly reinforces calls for a close match between design parameters and the specific peculiarities of the target RT's research context. All in all, the present doctoral thesis offers a—so far unique—nuanced and extensive toolkit to optimize power analysis for sound RTs on student achievement in the German (and similar) school context. It is of utmost importance that research does not tire to spawn robust evidence on what actually works to improve schooling. With this in mind, I hope that the emerging compendia and guidance contribute to the quality and rigor of our randomized experiments in psychology and education.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kersting2024, author = {Kersting, Katerina}, title = {Development of a CRISPR/Cas gene editing technique for the coccolithophore Chrysotila carterae}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schallau2024, author = {Schallau, Juliane}, title = {"Maybe Happen Is Never Once" - temporalities of guilt in William Faulkner}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62885}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628858}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iv, 171}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study focuses on William Faulkner, whose works explore the demise of the slavery-based Old South during the Civil War in a highly experimental narrative style. Central to this investigation is the analysis of the temporal dimensions of both individual and collective guilt, thus offering a new approach to the often-discussed problem of Faulkner's portrayal of social decay. The thesis examines how Faulkner re-narrates the legacy of the Old South as a guilt narrative and argues that Faulkner uses guilt in order to corroborate his concept of time and the idea of the continuity of the past. The focus of the analysis is on three of Faulkner's arguably most important novels: The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom!, and Go Down, Moses. Each of these novels features a main character deeply overwhelmed by the crimes of the past, whether private, familial, or societal. As a result, guilt is explored both from a domestic as well as a social perspective. In order to show how Faulkner blends past and present by means of guilt, this work examines several methods and motifs borrowed from different fields and genres with which Faulkner narratively negotiates guilt. These include religious notions of original sin, the motif of the ancestral curse prevalent in the Southern Gothic genre, and the psychological concept of trauma. Each of these motifs emphasizes the temporal dimensions of guilt, which are the core of this study, and makes clear that guilt in Faulkner's work is primarily to be understood as a temporal rather than a moral problem.}, language = {en} } @misc{Schroeter2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Schr{\"o}ter, Alexander}, title = {Erstellung und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von komplexen Interaktionssituationen in Software-Entwicklungsprojekten}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63187}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631873}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {75}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung durchzieht immer mehr Lebensbereiche und f{\"u}hrt zu immer komplexeren sozio-technischen Systemen. Obwohl diese Systeme zur Lebenserleichterung entwickelt werden, k{\"o}nnen auch unerw{\"u}nschte Nebeneffekte entstehen. Ein solcher Nebeneffekt k{\"o}nnte z.B. die Datennutzung aus Fitness-Apps f{\"u}r nachteilige Versicherungsentscheidungen sein. Diese Nebeneffekte manifestieren sich auf allen Ebenen zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft. Systeme mit zuvor unerwarteten Nebeneffekten k{\"o}nnen zu sinkender Akzeptanz oder einem Verlust von Vertrauen f{\"u}hren. Da solche Nebeneffekte oft erst im Gebrauch in Erscheinung treten, bedarf es einer besonderen Betrachtung bereits im Konstruktionsprozess. Mit dieser Arbeit soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, um den Konstruktionsprozess um ein geeignetes Hilfsmittel zur systematischen Reflexion zu erg{\"a}nzen. In vorliegender Arbeit wurde ein Analysetool zur Identifikation und Analyse komplexer Interaktionssituationen in Software-Entwicklungsprojekten entwickelt. Komplexe Interaktionssituationen sind von hoher Dynamik gepr{\"a}gt, aus der eine Unvorhersehbarkeit der Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen folgt. Hierdurch k{\"o}nnen die Akteur*innen die Auswirkungen der eigenen Handlungen nicht mehr {\"u}berblicken, sondern lediglich im Nachhinein rekonstruieren. Hieraus k{\"o}nnen sich fehlerhafte Interaktionsverl{\"a}ufe auf vielf{\"a}ltigen Ebenen ergeben und oben genannte Nebeneffekte entstehen. Das Analysetool unterst{\"u}tzt die Konstrukteur*innen in jeder Phase der Entwicklung durch eine angeleitete Reflexion, um potenziell komplexe Interaktionssituationen zu antizipieren und ihnen durch Analyse der m{\"o}glichen Ursachen der Komplexit{\"a}tswahrnehmung zu begegnen. Ausgehend von der Definition f{\"u}r Interaktionskomplexit{\"a}t wurden Item-Indikatoren zur Erfassung komplexer Interaktionssituationen entwickelt, die dann anhand von geeigneten Kriterien f{\"u}r Komplexit{\"a}t analysiert werden. Das Analysetool ist als „Do-It-Yourself" Fragebogen mit eigenst{\"a}ndiger Auswertung aufgebaut. Die Genese des Fragebogens und die Ergebnisse der durchgef{\"u}hrten Evaluation an f{\"u}nf Softwarentwickler*innen werden dargestellt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass das Analysetool bei den Befragten als anwendbar, effektiv und hilfreich wahrgenommen wurde und damit eine hohe Akzeptanz bei der Zielgruppe genießt. Dieser Befund unterst{\"u}tzt die gute Einbindung des Analysetools in den Software-Entwicklungsprozess.}, language = {de} } @book{FuessenichHerlinghausHuettemannetal.2024, author = {F{\"u}ssenich, Bert and Herlinghaus, Andreas and H{\"u}ttemann, Rainer and Meinert, Carsten and Meyer, Andr{\´e} and Osterloh-Konrad, Christine and R{\"o}der, Erik and Sch{\"o}n, Wolfgang}, title = {Unternehmenssteuerrecht}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-504-20090-9}, doi = {10.9785/9783504387143}, pages = {XXIV, 908}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Unternehmenssteuerrecht gilt als schwierige Spezialmaterie. Wer in diesem praktisch wichtigen Rechtsgebiet den Durchblick behalten will, muss die relevanten Zusammenh{\"a}nge verstehen. Der stringente Aufbau und zahlreiche - zumeist an die BFH-Rechtsprechung angelehnte - Beispiele des „H{\"u}ttemann/Sch{\"o}n" erleichtern ebenso wie viele Querverweise den {\"U}berblick und die Durchdringung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge. Das Werk er{\"o}ffnet nicht nur interessierten Studierenden der Rechtswissenschaften, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Steuerwissenschaften einen systematischen Zugang zum Unternehmenssteuerrecht. Er richtet sich auch an Praktiker, die bei ihrer beratenden und gestaltenden T{\"a}tigkeit auf hinreichende Kenntnisse und ein vertieftes Verst{\"a}ndnis dieses Rechtsgebiets angewiesen sind.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tomović2024, author = {Tomović, Jelena}, title = {Sexualit{\"a}t in der Geschichte}, series = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam}, volume = {12}, journal = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam}, publisher = {V\&R unipress - Brill Deutschland GmbH}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8471-1686-8}, issn = {2198-5251}, doi = {10.14220/9783737016865}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {336}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Jelena Tomović f{\"u}hrt in diesem Band durch die Entwicklungen unserer sexuellen Sprache und Praktiken. Sie zeigt, dass die Art und Weise, wie {\"u}ber Sexualit{\"a}t gesprochen wird, nicht nur ein Spiegelbild, sondern auch ein treibender Faktor f{\"u}r soziale Ver{\"a}nderungen ist. Die Studie stellt die konventionelle Vorstellung von Sexualit{\"a}t in Frage und f{\"u}hrt die Lesenden in eine Welt der subtilen Nuancen und kulturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen. Mit kommunikationstheoretischen Ans{\"a}tzen, dem praxeologischen Ansatz, ihrer sozialkonstruktivistischen Grundannahme und einem klaren Fokus auf Akteur*innen bietet die Autorin eine frische Perspektive auf die Geschichte der Sexualit{\"a}t. Das Buch er{\"o}ffnet neue Wege f{\"u}r die Erforschung und das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Intimit{\"a}t und sozialer Kommunikation.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Drescher2024, author = {Drescher, Cedric}, title = {Die Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}t im Kontext fragiler Staatlichkeit}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62854}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628542}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 541, LVIII}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Arbeit „Die Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}t im Kontext fragiler Staatlichkeit" widmet sich dem Ph{\"a}nomen grenz{\"u}berschreitend t{\"a}tiger Akteure der organisierten Kriminalit{\"a}t die den Umstand ausnutzen, dass einige international anerkannte Regierungen nur eine unzureichende Kontrolle {\"u}ber Teile ihres Staatsgebietes aus{\"u}ben. Es wird untersucht, weshalb der durch die internationale Staatengemeinschaft geschaffene Rechtsrahmen, zur Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene im Kontext dieser fragilen Staaten, nicht oder nur defizit{\"a}r dazu beitr{\"a}gt die Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene zu bek{\"a}mpfen. Nachdem zun{\"a}chst er{\"o}rtert wird, was im Rahmen der Untersuchung unter dem Begriff der transnationalen Kriminalit{\"a}t verstanden wird, wird der internationale Rechtsrahmen zur Bek{\"a}mpfung anhand von f{\"u}nf beispielhaft ausgew{\"a}hlten transnationalen Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomenen beschrieben. Im darauffolgenden Hauptteil der Untersuchung wird der Frage nachgegangen, weshalb dieser durch die internationale Staatengemeinschaft geschaffene Rechtsrahmen, gerade in fragilen Staaten, kaum einen Beitrag dazu leistet solchen Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomenen effektiv zu begegnen. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass die Genese des internationalen Rechtsrahmens zu einem Legitimit{\"a}tsdefizit desselbigen f{\"u}hrt. Auch die mangelhafte Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der speziellen Lebensrealit{\"a}ten, die in vielen fragilen Staaten vorzufinden sind, wirkt sich negativ auf die Durchsetzbarkeit des internationalen Rechtsrahmens aus. Es wird dargelegt, dass unterschiedlich hohe menschenrechtliche Schutzstandards zu Normenkollisionen bei der internationalen Zusammenarbeit der Staaten f{\"u}hren, insbesondere im Rahmen der internationalen Rechtshilfe. Da gerade fragile Staaten h{\"a}ufig durch eine defizit{\"a}re menschenrechtliche Situation gekennzeichnet sind, stellt dies konsolidierte Staaten im Rahmen der Zusammenarbeit mit fragilen Staaten {\"o}fters vor Herausforderungen. Schließlich wird aufgezeigt, dass auch die extraterritoriale Jurisdiktion und somit die strafrechtliche Verfolgung transnationaler Straftaten durch Drittstaaten mit rechtlichen und praktischen Problemen einhergeht. In einem letzten Kapitel der Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob nicht ein alternativer Strafverfolgungsmechanismus geschaffen werden sollte, um transnationale Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene zu verfolgen, die aus fragilen Staaten heraus begangen werden und wie ein solch alternativer Strafverfolgungsmechanismus konkret ausgestaltet sein sollte.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Dannemann2024, author = {Dannemann, Udo}, title = {Understanding neoliberal subjectification}, series = {Economy, society and politics : socio-economic and political education in schools and universities}, booktitle = {Economy, society and politics : socio-economic and political education in schools and universities}, editor = {Fridrich, Christian and Hagedorn, Udo and Hedtke, Reinhold and Mittnik, Philipp and Tafner, Georg}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-42524-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-42525-8_10}, pages = {217 -- 236}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The contribution explores how an understanding of neoliberal subjectification in socio-economic education can serve to counteract the trend marketisation of democracy. Drawing on Foucault's lectures on biopolitics and Brown's current analysis of neoliberalism, it lays out a sociological explanation that treats the idea of homo economicus as a structuring element of our society and outlines the threat this poses to the liberal democratic order. The second part of the contribution outlines - through immanent critique - an ideology-critical analytical competence that uses key problems to illuminate socially critical perspectives on social reality. The objective is to challenge some of the foundations of social order (Salomon, D. Kritische politische Bildung. Ein Versuch. In B. Widmaier \& Overwien, B. (Hrsg.), Was heißt heute kritische politische Bildung? (S. 232-239). Wochenschau, 2013) in pursuit of the ultimate objective of an educated and assertive citizenry.}, language = {en} } @misc{Jass2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Jaß, Franz Ivan}, title = {Silent leges inter arma. Von der Tat bis zur Verurteilung}, series = {Copia - Potsdamer Anregungen f{\"u}r den Lateinunterricht}, journal = {Copia - Potsdamer Anregungen f{\"u}r den Lateinunterricht}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2748-6621}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62262}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622627}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {48, 19}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Fall des T. Annius Milo bietet f{\"u}r den Lateinunterricht großes didaktisches Potenzial. Denn an seinem Beispiel kann die Lekt{\"u}re eines lateinischen Textes hervorragend mit realienkundlichen Aspekten verkn{\"u}pft und es k{\"o}nnen plausible Bez{\"u}ge zur Gegenwart hergestellt werden. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit zeigt, welch reiches Themenspektrum in Ciceros Rede Pro Milone steckt. Dazu z{\"a}hlen der historische Kontext des Falls, der Tatbestand des Mordes und der Ablauf des damaligen Gerichtsverfahrens. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird das r{\"o}mische Recht mit dem heutzutage in Deutschland geltenden Strafrecht verglichen. Und zu guter Letzt wird hier die Glaubw{\"u}rdigkeit verschiedener schriftlicher Zeugnisse gepr{\"u}ft, insbesondere die Frage, ob die {\"u}berlieferte Rede das einstige Prozessgeschehen in authentischer Weise widerspiegelt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{BruttelPetrishcheva2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and Petrishcheva, Vasilisa}, title = {Does communication increase the precision of beliefs?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {74}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62936}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629367}, pages = {1 -- 33}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, we study one channel through which communication may facilitate cooperative behavior - belief precision. In a prisoner's dilemma experiment, we show that communication not only makes individuals more optimistic that their partner will cooperate but also increases the precision of this belief, thereby reducing strategic uncertainty. To disentangle the shift in mean beliefs from the increase in precision, we elicit beliefs and precision in a two-stage procedure and in three situations: without communication, before communication, and after communication. We find that the precision of beliefs increases during communication.}, language = {en} } @article{CarlaUhinkGarciaMorcillo2024, author = {Carl{\`a}-Uhink, Filippo and Garc{\´i}a Morcillo, Marta}, title = {Problemas y desaf{\´i}os de la investigaci{\´o}n hist{\´o}rica sobre la corrupci{\´o}n}, series = {Eunom{\´i}a : Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad}, volume = {26}, journal = {Eunom{\´i}a : Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad}, publisher = {Madrid}, address = {Universidad Carlos III de Madrid}, issn = {2253-6655}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2024.8506}, pages = {146 -- 164}, year = {2024}, abstract = {El art{\´i}culo analiza la corrupci{\´o}n como un fen{\´o}meno complejo y con frecuencia ambiguo, relacionado con comportamientos y mentalidades individuales y colectivas, que son percibidos como ileg{\´i}timos o inmorales y, por lo tanto, desviados de normas establecidas. M{\´a}s all{\´a} de un acercamiento reduccionista u objetivista a lugares comunes de la corrupci{\´o}n pol{\´i}tica, o a delitos tipificados por la ley, esta contribuci{\´o}n pretende destacar la relevancia del an{\´a}lisis hist{\´o}rico del discurso en el estudio del tema. Este enfoque nos permite reconstruir contextos en los que se identifica la corrupci{\´o}n, as{\´i} como analizar relatos, no siempre un{\´a}nimes, sobre estas pr{\´a}cticas. El trabajo se adentra en una {\´e}poca lejana, pero a la vez cercana a nuestro tiempo, el {\´u}ltimo siglo la Rep{\´u}blica romana. La evidencia nos permite evaluar cr{\´i}ticamente aspectos fundamentales de la construcci{\´o}n ret{\´o}rica de la corrupci{\´o}n y de sus zonas grises, como la distinci{\´o}n, a menudo borrosa, entre regalo y soborno.}, language = {es} } @article{CarlaUhinkGarciaMorcillo2024, author = {Carl{\`a}-Uhink, Filippo and Garc{\´i}a Morcillo, Marta}, title = {Discursive constructions of corruption in Ancient Rome}, series = {Cultural History}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cultural History}, number = {1}, publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, address = {Edinburgh}, issn = {2045-290X}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{LazaridesGniewosz2024, author = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Gniewosz, Burkhard}, title = {Modelling develpoment and change of motivational beliefs}, series = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights}, journal = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-032-30109-9}, doi = {10.4324/9781003303473-15}, pages = {197 -- 212}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of methods to capture developments and changes in motivational beliefs. Motivational research has recently begun to venture beyond just examining average developmental trends in motivational variables by starting to investigate how developmental changes in motivational variables differ between and within individuals in different learning situations and across contexts. Although studies have started to uncover differences in motivational changes, a systematic overview of suitable methods for capturing motivational differences in developmental processes is still missing. In this chapter, we review key methods of change modelling, bringing together variable-centred approaches, such as growth modelling and true intraindividual change (TIC) models, and person-centred approaches, such as latent transition and growth mixture models. We illustrate the value of the reviewed statistical methods for the analysis of context-specific motivational changes by reviewing recent empirical studies that identify different patterns and trajectories of such motivational beliefs across time. Our focus is thereby on research grounded in situated expectancy-value theory as a core theory in motivational research.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-62873, title = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts}, editor = {Hagenauer, Gerda and Lazarides, Rebecca and J{\"a}rvenoja, Hanna}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-032-30109-9}, doi = {10.4324/9781003303473}, pages = {292}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Motivation and Emotion in Learning and Teaching across Educational Contexts brings together current theoretical and methodological perspectives as well as examples of empirical implementations from leading international researchers focusing on the context specificity and situatedness of their core theories in motivation and emotion. The book is compiled of two main sections. Section I covers theoretical reflections and perspectives on the main theories on emotion and motivation in learning and teaching and their transferability across different educational contexts illustrated with empirical examples. Section II addresses the methodological reflections and perspectives on the methodology that is needed to address the complexity and context specificity of motivation and emotion. In addition to general reflections and perspectives regarding methodology, concrete empirical examples are provided. All cutting-edge chapters include current empirical studies on emotions and motivation in learning and teaching across different contexts (age groups, domains, countries, etc.) making them applicable and relevant to a wide range of contexts and settings. This high-quality volume with contributions from leading international experts will be an essential resource for researchers, students and teacher trainers interested in the vital role that motivation and emotions can play in education.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Behrmann2024, author = {Behrmann, Helga}, title = {Digital Fashion}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62026}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-620269}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {309}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das virtuelle Kleid als mediale und soziokulturelle Alltagserscheinung der Gegenwart bildet den Gegenstand der vorliegenden interdisziplin{\"a}ren Unter-suchung. An der Schnittstelle zwischen Menschen, Medien und Mode ist das virtuelle Kleid an unrealen Orten und in synthetischen Situationen ausschließlich auf einem Screen erfahrbar. In diesem Dispositiv lassen sich K{\"o}rperkonzepte, Darstellungskonventionen, soziale Handlungsmuster und Kommunikations-strategien ausmachen, die zwar auf einer radikalen Abl{\"o}sung vom textilen Material beruhen, aber dennoch nicht ohne sehr konkrete Verweise auf das textile Material auskommen. Dies f{\"u}hrt zu neuen Ans{\"a}tzen der Auseinandersetzung mit Kleidern, die nun als Visualisierung geb{\"u}ndelter Datenpakete zu betrachten sind. Die dynamische Entwicklung neuer Erscheinungsformen und deren nahtlose Einbindung in traditionelle Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle und bestehende Modekonzepte macht eine Positionsbestimmung notwendig, insbesondere im Hinblick auf gegenw{\"a}rtige Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurse um immaterielle Produkte. F{\"u}r diese Studie liefern die hinter den Bildern liegenden Prozesse der {\"o}konomischen Ausrichtung, der Herstellung, der Verwendung und der Rezeption den methodologischen Zugang f{\"u}r die Analyse. Mithilfe eines typologisierenden Instrumentariums wird aus der Vielzahl und Vielfalt der Darstellungen ein Set an forschungsleitenden Beispielen zusammengestellt, welche dann in einer mehrstufigen Kontextanalyse zu einer begrifflichen Fassung des virtuellen Kleides sowie zu f{\"u}nf Kontexteinheiten f{\"u}hren. Am Beispiel des virtuellen Kleides zeichnet diese Untersuchung den technischen, gesellschaftlichen und sozialen Wandel nach und arbeitet seine Bedeutung f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Modeentwicklungen heraus. Damit leistet die Untersuchung einen Beitrag zur medien- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Modeforschung der Gegenwart.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Koehler2024, author = {K{\"o}hler, Wolfgang}, title = {Challenges of efficient and compliant data processing}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung ver{\"a}ndert die Gesellschaft und hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Unternehmen. Grundlegend f{\"u}r diese Ver{\"a}nderungen sind die neuen technologischen M{\"o}glichkeiten, Daten in immer gr{\"o}ßerem Umfang und f{\"u}r vielf{\"a}ltige neue Zwecke zu verarbeiten. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit großer und qualitativ hochwertiger Datens{\"a}tze, insbesondere auf Basis personenbezogener Daten. Sie werden entweder zur Verbesserung der Produktivit{\"a}t, Qualit{\"a}t und Individualit{\"a}t von Produkten und Dienstleistungen oder gar zur Entwicklung neuartiger Dienstleistungen verwendet. Heute wird das Nutzerverhalten, trotz weltweit steigender gesetzlicher Anforderungen an den Schutz personenbezogener Daten, aktiver und umfassender verfolgt als je zuvor. Dies wirft vermehrt ethische, moralische und gesellschaftliche Fragen auf, die nicht zuletzt durch popul{\"a}re F{\"a}lle des Datenmissbrauchs in den Vordergrund der politischen Debatte ger{\"u}ckt sind. Angesichts dieses Diskurses und der gesetzlichen Anforderungen muss heutiges Datenmanagement drei Bedingungen erf{\"u}llen: Erstens die Legalit{\"a}t bzw. Gesetzeskonformit{\"a}t der Nutzung, zweitens die ethische Legitimit{\"a}t. Drittens sollte die Datennutzung aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht wertsch{\"o}pfend sein. Im Rahmen dieser Bedingungen verfolgt die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation vier Forschungsziele mit dem Fokus, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis (1) der Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Gesetzen zum Schutz von Privatsph{\"a}re, (2) der Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Kunden zur Weitergabe pers{\"o}nlicher Daten beeinflussen, (3) der Rolle des Datenschutzes f{\"u}r das digitale Unternehmertum und (4) der interdisziplin{\"a}ren wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung, deren Entwicklung und Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu erlangen.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Shipova2024, author = {Shipova, Evgeniya}, title = {Formal analysis of {\`e}to-clefts in Russian: syntax and semantics}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630149}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {219}, year = {2024}, abstract = {{\`E}to-clefts are Russian focus constructions with the demonstrative pronoun {\`e}to 'this' at the beginning: "{\`E}to Mark vyigral gonku" ("It was Mark who won the race"). They are often being compared with English it-clefts, German es-clefts, as well as the corresponding focus-background structures in other languages. In terms of semantics, {\`e}to-clefts have two important properties which are cross-linguistically typical for clefts: existence presupposition ("Someone won the race") and exhaustivity ("Nobody except Mark won the race"). However, the exhaustivity effects are not as strong as exhaustivity effects in structures with the exclusive only and require more research. At the same time, the question if the syntactic structure of {\`e}to-clefts matches the biclausal structure of English and German clefts, remains open. There are arguments in favor of biclausality, as well as monoclausality. Besides, there is no consistency regarding the status of {\`e}to itself. Finally, the information structure of {\`e}to-clefts has remained underexplored in the existing literature. This research investigates the information-structural, syntactic, and semantic properties of Russian clefts, both theoretically (supported by examples from Russian text corpora and judgments from native speakers) and experimentally. It is determined which desired changes in the information structure motivate native speakers to choose an {\`e}to-cleft and not the canonical structure or other focus realization tools. Novel syntactic tests are conducted to find evidence for bi-/monoclausality of {\`e}to-clefts, as well as for base-generation or movement of the cleft pivot. It is hypothesized that {\`e}to has a certain important function in clefts, and its status is investigated. Finally, new experiments on the nature of exhaustivity in {\`e}to-clefts are conducted. They allow for direct cross-linguistic comparison, using an incremental-information paradigm with truth-value judgments. In terms of information structure, this research makes a new proposal that presents {\`e}to-clefts as structures with an inherent focus-background bipartitioning. Even though {\`e}to-clefts are used in typical focus contexts, evidence was found that {\`e}to-clefts (as well as Russian thetic clefts) allow for both new information focus and contrastive focus. {\`E}to-clefts are pragmatically acceptable when a singleton answer to the implied question is expected (e.g. "It was Mark who won the race" but not "It was Mark who came to the party"). Importantly, {\`e}to in Russian clefts is neither dummy, nor redundant, but is a topic expression; conveys familiarity which triggers existence presupposition; refers to an instantiated event, or a known/perceivable situation; finally, {\`e}to plays an important role in the spoken language as a tool for speech coherency and a focus marker. In terms of syntax, this research makes a new monoclausal proposal and shows evidence that the cleft pivot undergoes movement to the left peripheral position. {\`E}to is proposed to be TopP. Finally, in terms of semantics, a novel cross-linguistic evaluation of Russian clefts is made. Experiments show that the exhaustivity inference in {\`e}to-clefts is not robust. Participants used different strategies in resolving exhaustivity, falling into 2 groups: one group considered {\`e}to-clefts exhaustive, while another group considered them non-exhaustive. Hence, there is evidence for the pragmatic nature of exhaustivity in {\`e}to-clefts. The experimental results for {\`e}to-clefts are similar to the experimental results for clefts in German, French and Akan. It is concluded that speakers use different tools available in their languages to produce structures with similar interpretive properties.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rubertus2024, author = {Rubertus, Elina}, title = {Coarticulatory changes across childhood}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63012}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630123}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 131}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The present dissertation investigates changes in lingual coarticulation across childhood in German-speaking children from three to nine years of age and adults. Coarticulation refers to the mismatch between the abstract phonological units and their seemingly commingled realization in continuous speech. Being a process at the intersection of phonology and phonetics, addressing its changes across childhood allows for insights in speech motor as well as phonological developments. Because specific predictions for changes in coarticulation across childhood can be derived from existing speech production models, investigating children's coarticulatory patterns can help us model human speech production. While coarticulatory changes may shed light on some of the central questions of speech production development, previous studies on the topic were sparse and presented a puzzling picture of conflicting findings. One of the reasons for this lack is the difficulty in articulatory data acquisition in a young population. Within the research program this dissertation is embedded in, we accepted this challenge and successfully set up the hitherto largest corpus of articulatory data from children using ultrasound tongue imaging. In contrast to earlier studies, a high number of participants in tight age cohorts across a wide age range and a thoroughly controlled set of pseudowords allowed for statistically powerful investigations of a process known as variable and complicated to track. The specific focus of my studies is on lingual vocalic coarticulation as measured in the horizontal position of the highest point of the tongue dorsum. Based on three studies on a) anticipatory coarticulation towards the left, b) carryover coarticulation towards the right side of the utterance, and c) anticipatory coarticulatory extent in repeated versus read aloud speech, I deduct the following main theses: 1. Maturing speech motor control is responsible for some developmental changes in coarticulation. 2. Coarticulation can be modeled as the coproduction of articulatory gestures. 3. The developmental change in coarticulation results from a decrease of vocalic activation width.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Martin2024, author = {Martin, Katja}, title = {Beerdigen oder verbrennen?}, publisher = {arijeh-verlag}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-944693-04-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {398}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @article{GohlSchrauth2024, author = {Gohl, Niklas and Schrauth, Philipp}, title = {JUE insight : ticket to paradise?}, series = {Journal of urban economics}, journal = {Journal of urban economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0094-1190}, doi = {10.1016/j.jue.2024.103643}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper provides novel evidence on the impact of public transport subsidies on air pollution. We obtain causal estimates by leveraging a unique policy intervention in Germany that temporarily reduced nationwide prices for regional public transport to a monthly flat rate price of 9 Euros. Using DiD estimation strategies on air pollutant data, we show that this intervention causally reduced a benchmark air pollution index by more than eight percent and, after its termination, increased again. Our results illustrate that public transport subsidies - especially in the context of spatially constrained cities - offer a viable alternative for policymakers and city planers to improve air quality, which has been shown to crucially affect health outcomes.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fitzner2024, author = {Fitzner, Maria}, title = {Cultivation of selected halophytes in saline indoor farming and modulation of cultivation conditions to optimize metabolite profiles for human nutrition}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62697}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626974}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {178}, year = {2024}, abstract = {With the many challenges facing the agricultural system, such as water scarcity, loss of arable land due to climate change, population growth, urbanization or trade disruptions, new agri-food systems are needed to ensure food security in the future. In addition, healthy diets are needed to combat non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-based diets rich in health-promoting plant secondary metabolites are desirable. A saline indoor farming system is representing a sustainable and resilient new agrifood system and can preserve valuable fresh water. Since indoor farming relies on artificial lighting, assessment of lighting conditions is essential. In this thesis, the cultivation of halophytes in a saline indoor farming system was evaluated and the influence of cultivation conditions were assessed in favor of improving the nutritional quality of halophytes for human consumption. Therefore, five selected edible halophyte species (Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia, Cochlearia officinalis, Atriplex hortensis, Chenopodium quinoa, and Salicornia europaea) were cultivated in saline indoor farming. The halophyte species were selected for to their salt tolerance levels and mechanisms. First, the suitability of halophytes for saline indoor farming and the influence of salinity on their nutritional properties, e.g. plant secondary metabolites and minerals, were investigated. Changes in plant performance and nutritional properties were observed as a function of salinity. The response to salinity was found to be species-specific and related to the salt tolerance mechanism of the halophytes. At their optimal salinity levels, the halophytes showed improved carotenoid content. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the nitrate and chloride content of halophytes as a function of salinity. Since chloride and nitrate can be antinutrient compounds, depending on their content, monitoring is essential, especially in halophytes. Second, regional brine water was introduced as an alternative saline water resource in the saline indoor farming system. Brine water was shown to be feasible for saline indoor farming of halophytes, as there was no adverse effect on growth or nutritional properties, e.g. carotenoids. Carotenoids were shown to be less affected by salt composition than by salt concentration. In addition, the interaction between the salinity and the light regime in indoor farming and greenhouse cultivation has been studied. There it was shown that interacting light regime and salinity alters the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Further, glucosinolate and nitrate content were also shown to be influenced by light regime. Finally, the influence of UVB light on halophytes was investigated using supplemental narrow-band UVB LEDs. It was shown that UVB light affects the growth, phenotype and metabolite profile of halophytes and that the UVB response is species specific. Furthermore, a modulation of carotenoid content in S. europaea could be achieved to enhance health-promoting properties and thus improve nutritional quality. This was shown to be dose-dependent and the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation were also investigated. Here it was revealed that carotenoid accumulation is related to oxidative stress. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the potential of halophytes as alternative vegetables produced in a saline indoor farming system for future diets that could contribute to ensuring food security in the future. To improve the sustainability of the saline indoor farming system, LED lamps and regional brine water could be integrated into the system. Since the nutritional properties have been shown to be influenced by salt, light regime and UVB light, these abiotic stressors must be taken into account when considering halophytes as alternative vegetables for human nutrition.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Li2024, author = {Li, Yunfei}, title = {On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62150}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621504}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 119}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The urban heat island (UHI) effect, describing an elevated temperature of urban areas compared with their natural surroundings, can expose urban dwellers to additional heat stress, especially during hot summer days. A comprehensive understanding of the UHI dynamics along with urbanization is of great importance to efficient heat stress mitigation strategies towards sustainable urban development. This is, however, still challenging due to the difficulties of isolating the influences of various contributing factors that interact with each other. In this work, I present a systematical and quantitative analysis of how urban intrinsic properties (e.g., urban size, density, and morphology) influence UHI intensity. To this end, we innovatively combine urban growth modelling and urban climate simulation to separate the influence of urban intrinsic factors from that of background climate, so as to focus on the impact of urbanization on the UHI effect. The urban climate model can create a laboratory environment which makes it possible to conduct controlled experiments to separate the influences from different driving factors, while the urban growth model provides detailed 3D structures that can be then parameterized into different urban development scenarios tailored for these experiments. The novelty in the methodology and experiment design leads to the following achievements of our work. First, we develop a stochastic gravitational urban growth model that can generate 3D structures varying in size, morphology, compactness, and density gradient. We compare various characteristics, like fractal dimensions (box-counting, area-perimeter scaling, area-population scaling, etc.), and radial gradient profiles of land use share and population density, against those of real-world cities from empirical studies. The model shows the capability of creating 3D structures resembling real-world cities. This model can generate 3D structure samples for controlled experiments to assess the influence of some urban intrinsic properties in question. [Chapter 2] With the generated 3D structures, we run several series of simulations with urban structures varying in properties like size, density and morphology, under the same weather conditions. Analyzing how the 2m air temperature based canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) intensity varies in response to the changes of the considered urban factors, we find the CUHI intensity of a city is directly related to the built-up density and an amplifying effect that urban sites have on each other. We propose a Gravitational Urban Morphology (GUM) indicator to capture the neighbourhood warming effect. We build a regression model to estimate the CUHI intensity based on urban size, urban gross building volume, and the GUM indicator. Taking the Berlin area as an example, we show the regression model capable of predicting the CUHI intensity under various urban development scenarios. [Chapter 3] Based on the multi-annual average summer surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity derived from Land surface temperature, we further study how urban intrinsic factors influence the SUHI effect of the 5,000 largest urban clusters in Europe. We find a similar 3D GUM indicator to be an effective predictor of the SUHI intensity of these European cities. Together with other urban factors (vegetation condition, elevation, water coverage), we build different multivariate linear regression models and a climate space based Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model that can better predict SUHI intensity. By investigating the roles background climate factors play in modulating the coefficients of the GWR model, we extend the multivariate linear model to a nonlinear one by integrating some climate parameters, such as the average of daily maximal temperature and latitude. This makes it applicable across a range of background climates. The nonlinear model outperforms linear models in SUHI assessment as it captures the interaction of urban factors and the background climate. [Chapter 4] Our work reiterates the essential roles of urban density and morphology in shaping the urban thermal environment. In contrast to many previous studies that link bigger cities with higher UHI intensity, we show that cities larger in the area do not necessarily experience a stronger UHI effect. In addition, the results extend our knowledge by demonstrating the influence of urban 3D morphology on the UHI effect. This underlines the importance of inspecting cities as a whole from the 3D perspective. While urban 3D morphology is an aggregated feature of small-scale urban elements, the influence it has on the city-scale UHI intensity cannot simply be scaled up from that of its neighbourhood-scale components. The spatial composition and configuration of urban elements both need to be captured when quantifying urban 3D morphology as nearby neighbourhoods also cast influences on each other. Our model serves as a useful UHI assessment tool for the quantitative comparison of urban intervention/development scenarios. It can support harnessing the capacity of UHI mitigation through optimizing urban morphology, with the potential of integrating climate change into heat mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} }