@article{RodriguesRodriguesRaabeetal.2023,
  author    = {Rodrigues, Glauber Pontes and Rodrigues, {\´I}talo Sampaio and Raabe, Armin and Holstein, Peter and De Araujo, Jos{\`e} Carlos},
  title     = {Direct measurement of open-water evaporation},
  series = {Hydrological sciences journal},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Hydrological sciences journal},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {Abingdon, Oxon},
  issn      = {0262-6667},
  doi       = {10.1080/02626667.2022.2157278},
  pages     = {379 -- 394},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This study investigates the sensitivity and uncertainty of evaporation assessment in a tropical reservoir in northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, four approaches were used: Penman, a Dalton-modified equation, a pressure meter and a novel acoustic sensor. The main objective is to evaluate whether sensors can be employed to adequately assess lake evaporation. The sensors were installed in floating pans and the equations are based on variables collected from a raft. The wind-inducted waves in the reservoir often disturbed the measurements using both pressure (uncertainty of +/- 0.6 mm) and acoustic (uncertainty of +/- 0.1 mm) sensors, causing flaws and affecting continuous monitoring. The modified Dalton model, based on data collected with a floating station, estimated values over three-hour courses of evaporation similar to those measured by the pressure meter. These findings are important contributions to an accurate monitoring of water losses through evaporation and reservoir operation, particularly in dry regions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmetanovaMuellerZargaretal.2020,
  author    = {Smetanov{\´a}, Anna and M{\"u}ller, Anne and Zargar, Morteza and Suleiman, Mohamed A. and Gholami, Faraz Rabei and Mousavi, Maryam},
  title     = {Mesoscale mapping of sediment source hotspots for dam sediment management in data-sparse semi-arid catchments},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w12020396},
  pages     = {1 -- 24},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Land degradation and water availability in semi-arid regions are interdependent challenges for management that are influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes. Erosion and high sediment loads in rivers cause reservoir siltation and decrease storage capacity, which pose risk on water security for citizens, agriculture, and industry. In regions where resources for management are limited, identifying spatial-temporal variability of sediment sources is crucial to decrease siltation. Despite widespread availability of rigorous methods, approaches simplifying spatial and temporal variability of erosion are often inappropriately applied to very data sparse semi-arid regions. In this work, we review existing approaches for mapping erosional hotspots, and provide an example of spatial-temporal mapping approach in two case study regions. The barriers limiting data availability and their effects on erosion mapping methods, their validation, and resulting prioritization of leverage management areas are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KuehnSchoene2017,
  author    = {K{\"u}hn, Michael and Sch{\"o}ne, Tim},
  title     = {Multivariate regression model from water level and production rate time series for the geothermal reservoir Waiwera (New Zealand)},
  series = {Energy procedia},
  volume    = {125},
  journal   = {Energy procedia},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1876-6102},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.196},
  pages     = {571 -- 579},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Water management tools are necessary to guarantee the preservation of natural resources while ensuring optimum utilization. Linear regression models are a simple and quick solution for creating prognostic capabilities. Multivariate models show higher precision than univariate models. In the case of Waiwera, implementation of individual production rates is more accurate than applying just the total production rate. A maximum of approximately 1,075 m3/day can be pumped to ensure a water level of at least 0.5 m a.s.l. in the monitoring well. The model should be renewed annually to implement new data and current water level trends to keep the quality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{deAraujoBronstert2016,
  author    = {de Araujo, Jose Carlos and Bronstert, Axel},
  title     = {A method to assess hydrological drought in semi-arid environments and its application to the Jaguaribe River basin, Brazil},
  series = {Water International},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Water International},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0250-8060},
  doi       = {10.1080/02508060.2015.1113077},
  pages     = {213 -- 230},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {This manuscript proposes a method to assess hydrological drought in semi-arid environments under high impoundment rate and applies it to the semi-arid Jaguaribe River basin in Brazil. It analyzes droughts (1) in the largest reservoir systems; (2) in the Upper Basin, considering 4744 reservoirs, 800 wells and almost 18,000 cisterns; and (3) in reservoirs of different sizes during multiyear droughts. Results show that the water demand is constrained in the basin; hydrological and meteorological droughts are often out of phase; there is a negative correlation between storage level and drought severity; and the small systems cannot cope with long-term droughts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TekkenKropp2012,
  author    = {Tekken, Vera and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Climate-Driven or Human-Induced indicating severe water scarcity in the Moulouya River Basin (Morocco)},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w4040959},
  pages     = {959 -- 982},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Many agriculture-based economies are increasingly under stress from climate change and socio-economic pressures. The excessive exploitation of natural resources still represents the standard procedure to achieve socio-economic development. In the area of the Moulouya river basin, Morocco, natural water availability represents a key resource for all economic activities. Agriculture represents the most important sector, and frequently occurring water deficits are aggravated by climate change. On the basis of historical trends taken from CRU TS 2.1, this paper analyses the impact of climate change on the per capita water availability under inclusion of population trends. The Climatic Water Balance (CWB) shows a significant decrease for the winter period, causing adverse effects for the main agricultural season. Further, moisture losses due to increasing evapotranspiration rates indicate problems for the annual water budget and groundwater recharge. The per capita blue water availability falls below a minimum threshold of 500 m(3) per year, denoting a high regional vulnerability to increasing water scarcity assuming a no-response scenario. Regional development focusing on the water-intense sectors of agriculture and tourism appears to be at risk. Institutional capacities and policies need to address the problem, and the prompt implementation of innovative water production and efficiency measures is recommended.},
  language  = {en}
}