@article{ŠedovaKalkuhl2020, author = {Šedov{\´a}, Barbora and Kalkuhl, Matthias}, title = {Who are the climate migrants and where do they go?}, series = {World development}, volume = {129}, journal = {World development}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0305-750X}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104848}, pages = {19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this paper, we move from the large strand of research that looks at evidence of climate migration to the questions: who are the climate migrants? and where do they go? These questions are crucial to design policies that mitigate welfare losses of migration choices due to climate change. We study the direct and heterogeneous associations between weather extremes and migration in rural India. We combine ERAS reanalysis data with the India Human Development Survey household panel and conduct regression analyses by applying linear probability and multinomial logit models. This enables us to establish a causal relationship between temperature and precipitation anomalies and overall migration as well as migration by destination. We show that adverse weather shocks decrease rural-rural and international migration and push people into cities in different, presumably more prosperous states. A series of positive weather shocks, however, facilitates international migration and migration to cities within the same state. Further, our results indicate that in contrast to other migrants, climate migrants are likely to be from the lower end of the skill distribution and from households strongly dependent on agricultural production. We estimate that approximately 8\% of all rural-urban moves between 2005 and 2012 can be attributed to weather. This figure might increase as a consequence of climate change. Thus, a key policy recommendation is to take steps to facilitate integration of less educated migrants into the urban labor market.}, language = {en} } @misc{Şener2017, author = {Şener, Ula{\c{s}}}, title = {Rodrik, Dani (2015): Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science / rezensiert von Ula{\c{s}} Şener}, series = {European journal of economics and economic policies : intervention ; EJEEP}, volume = {14}, journal = {European journal of economics and economic policies : intervention ; EJEEP}, publisher = {Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, issn = {2052-7764}, doi = {10.4337/ejeep.2017.03.08}, pages = {375 -- 377}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{ŚlęzakMetzlerMagdziarz2018, author = {Ślęzak, Jakub and Metzler, Ralf and Magdziarz, Marcin}, title = {Superstatistical generalised Langevin equation}, series = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {20}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, number = {023026}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft / Institute of Physics}, address = {Bad Honnef und London}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/aaa3d4}, pages = {1 -- 25}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Recent advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing techniques demonstrate the emergence of normal or anomalous, viscoelastic diffusion in conjunction with non-Gaussian distributions in soft, biological, and active matter systems. We here formulate a stochastic model based on a generalised Langevin equation in which non-Gaussian shapes of the probability density function and normal or anomalous diffusion have a common origin, namely a random parametrisation of the stochastic force. We perform a detailed analysis demonstrating how various types of parameter distributions for the memory kernel result in exponential, power law, or power-log law tails of the memory functions. The studied system is also shown to exhibit a further unusual property: the velocity has a Gaussian one point probability density but non-Gaussian joint distributions. This behaviour is reflected in the relaxation from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian distribution observed for the position variable. We show that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with stochastic simulations.}, language = {en} } @article{ŚlęzakMetzlerMagdziarz2019, author = {Ślęzak, Jakub and Metzler, Ralf and Magdziarz, Marcin}, title = {Codifference can detect ergodicity breaking and non-Gaussianity}, series = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {21}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab13f3}, pages = {25}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We show that the codifference is a useful tool in studying the ergodicity breaking and non-Gaussianity properties of stochastic time series. While the codifference is a measure of dependence that was previously studied mainly in the context of stable processes, we here extend its range of applicability to random-parameter and diffusing-diffusivity models which are important in contemporary physics, biology and financial engineering. We prove that the codifference detects forms of dependence and ergodicity breaking which are not visible from analysing the covariance and correlation functions. We also discuss a related measure of dispersion, which is a nonlinear analogue of the mean squared displacement.}, language = {en} } @article{ŚlęzakBurneckiMetzler2019, author = {Ślęzak, Jakub and Burnecki, Krzysztof and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Random coefficient autoregressive processes describe Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous systems}, series = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {21}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ; IOP, Institute of Physics}, address = {Bad Honnef und London}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab3366}, pages = {18}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Many studies on biological and soft matter systems report the joint presence of a linear mean-squared displacement and a non-Gaussian probability density exhibiting, for instance, exponential or stretched-Gaussian tails. This phenomenon is ascribed to the heterogeneity of the medium and is captured by random parameter models such as 'superstatistics' or 'diffusing diffusivity'. Independently, scientists working in the area of time series analysis and statistics have studied a class of discrete-time processes with similar properties, namely, random coefficient autoregressive models. In this work we try to reconcile these two approaches and thus provide a bridge between physical stochastic processes and autoregressive models.Westart from the basic Langevin equation of motion with time-varying damping or diffusion coefficients and establish the link to random coefficient autoregressive processes. By exploring that link we gain access to efficient statistical methods which can help to identify data exhibiting Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion.}, language = {en} } @article{UestuenSheikhGimenezIbanezetal.2016, author = {{\"U}st{\"u}n, Suayib and Sheikh, Arsheed and Gimenez-Ibanez, Selena and Jones, Alexandra and Ntoukakis, Vardis and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {The Proteasome Acts as a Hub for Plant Immunity and Is Targeted by Pseudomonas Type III Effectors}, series = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, volume = {172}, journal = {Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Physiologists}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.16.00808}, pages = {1941 -- 1958}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in several aspects of plant immunity and that a range of plant pathogens subvert the ubiquitin-proteasome system to enhance their virulence. Here, we show that proteasome activity is strongly induced during basal defense in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutant lines of the proteasome subunits RPT2a and RPN12a support increased bacterial growth of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326. Both proteasome subunits are required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity responses. Analysis of bacterial growth after a secondary infection of systemic leaves revealed that the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is impaired in proteasome mutants, suggesting that the proteasome also plays an important role in defense priming and SAR. In addition, we show that Pst inhibits proteasome activity in a type III secretion-dependent manner. A screen for type III effector proteins from Pst for their ability to interfere with proteasome activity revealed HopM1, HopAO1, HopA1, and HopG1 as putative proteasome inhibitors. Biochemical characterization of HopM1 by mass spectrometry indicates that HopM1 interacts with several E3 ubiquitin ligases and proteasome subunits. This supports the hypothesis that HopM1 associates with the proteasome, leading to its inhibition. Thus, the proteasome is an essential component of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and SAR, which is targeted by multiple bacterial effectors.}, language = {en} } @article{UestuenBartetzkoBoernke2015, author = {{\"U}st{\"u}n, Suayib and Bartetzko, Verena and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2015.00599}, pages = {11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Uensal2009, author = {{\"U}nsal, Feyzan}, title = {Politische und religi{\"o}se Symbole im Betrieb : eine rechtsvergleichende Studie zum deutschen und t{\"u}rkischen Recht}, series = {Europ{\"a}ische Hochschulschriften : Reihe 2, Rechtswissenschaft}, volume = {4926}, journal = {Europ{\"a}ische Hochschulschriften : Reihe 2, Rechtswissenschaft}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-631-59241-0}, pages = {585 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{OeztuerkMarwanvonSpechtetal.2018, author = {{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Marwan, Norbert and von Specht, Sebastian and Korup, Oliver and Jensen, J.}, title = {A new centennial sea-level record for Antalya, Eastern Mediterranean}, series = {Journal of geophysical research-oceans}, volume = {123}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research-oceans}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9275}, doi = {10.1029/2018JC013906}, pages = {4503 -- 4517}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Quantitative estimates of sea-level rise in the Mediterranean Basin become increasingly accurate thanks to detailed satellite monitoring. However, such measuring campaigns cover several years to decades, while longer-term sea-level records are rare for the Mediterranean. We used a data archeological approach to reanalyze monthly mean sea-level data of the Antalya-I (1935-1977) tide gauge to fill this gap. We checked the accuracy and reliability of these data before merging them with the more recent records of the Antalya-II (1985-2009) tide gauge, accounting for an eight-year hiatus. We obtain a composite time series of monthly and annual mean sea levels spanning some 75 years, providing the longest record for the eastern Mediterranean Basin, and thus an essential tool for studying the region's recent sea-level trends. We estimate a relative mean sea-level rise of 2.2 ± 0.5 mm/year between 1935 and 2008, with an annual variability (expressed here as the standard deviation of the residuals, σresiduals = 41.4 mm) above that at the closest tide gauges (e.g., Thessaloniki, Greece, σresiduals = 29.0 mm). Relative sea-level rise accelerated to 6.0 ± 1.5 mm/year at Antalya-II; we attribute roughly half of this rate (~3.6 mm/year) to tectonic crustal motion and anthropogenic land subsidence. Our study highlights the value of data archeology for recovering and integrating historic tide gauge data for long-term sea-level and climate studies.}, language = {en} } @article{OezkanFikriKırkıcıetal.2020, author = {{\"O}zkan, Ay{\c{s}}eg{\"u}l and Fikri, Figen Beken and K{\i}rk{\i}c{\i}, Bilal and Kliegl, Reinhold and Acart{\"u}rk, Cengiz}, title = {Eye movement control in Turkish sentence reading}, series = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology : QJEP / EPS, Experimental Psychology Society}, volume = {74}, journal = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology : QJEP / EPS, Experimental Psychology Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1177/1747021820963310}, pages = {377 -- 397}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Reading requires the assembly of cognitive processes across a wide spectrum from low-level visual perception to high-level discourse comprehension. One approach of unravelling the dynamics associated with these processes is to determine how eye movements are influenced by the characteristics of the text, in particular which features of the words within the perceptual span maximise the information intake due to foveal, spillover, parafoveal, and predictive processing. One way to test the generalisability of current proposals of such distributed processing is to examine them across different languages. For Turkish, an agglutinative language with a shallow orthography-phonology mapping, we replicate the well-known canonical main effects of frequency and predictability of the fixated word as well as effects of incoming saccade amplitude and fixation location within the word on single-fixation durations with data from 35 adults reading 120 nine-word sentences. Evidence for previously reported effects of the characteristics of neighbouring words and interactions was mixed. There was no evidence for the expected Turkish-specific morphological effect of the number of inflectional suffixes on single-fixation durations. To control for word-selection bias associated with single-fixation durations, we also tested effects on word skipping, single-fixation, and multiple-fixation cases with a base-line category logit model, assuming an increase of difficulty for an increase in the number of fixations. With this model, significant effects of word characteristics and number of inflectional suffixes of foveal word on probabilities of the number of fixations were observed, while the effects of the characteristics of neighbouring words and interactions were mixed.}, language = {en} } @article{OezerScheffler2018, author = {{\"O}zer, Aydan and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Affinity to host population stimulates physical growth in adult offspring of Turkish migrants in Germany}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology}, volume = {74}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2018/0825}, pages = {359 -- 364}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Because of political conflicts and climate change, migration will be increased worldwide and integration in host societies is a challenge also for migrants. We hypothesize that migrants, who take up the challenge in a new social environment are taller than migrants who do not pose this challenge. We analyze by a questionnaire possible social, nutritional and ethnic influencing factors to body height (BH) of adult offspring of Turkish migrants (n = 82, 39 males) aged from 18 to 34 years (mean age 24.6 years). The results of multiple regression (downward selection) show that the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the Turkish culture, the smaller he is (95\% CI, -3.79, -0.323). Further, the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the German culture, the taller he is (95\% CI, -0.152, 1.738). We discussed it comparable to primates taking up their challenge in dominance, where as a result their body size increase is associated with higher IGF-1 level. IGF-1 is associated with emotional belonging and has a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolism and growth of the human body. With all pilot characteristics of our study results show that the successful challenge of integration in a new society is strongly associated with the emotional integration and identification in the sense of a personal sense of belonging to society. We discuss taller BH as a signal of social growth adjustment. In this sense, a secular trend of BH adaptation of migrants to hosts is a sign of integration.}, language = {en} } @article{OezcanBookhagenMusaoglu2018, author = {{\"O}zcan, Orkan and Bookhagen, Bodo and Musaoglu, Nebiye}, title = {Impact of the Ataturk Dam Lake on Agro-Meteorological Aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey}, series = {Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing}, volume = {46}, journal = {Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0255-660X}, doi = {10.1007/s12524-017-0703-9}, pages = {471 -- 481}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this study, the spatial and temporal impacts of the Ataturk Dam on agro-meteorological aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia region have been investigated. Change detection and environmental impacts due to water-reserve changes in Ataturk Dam Lake have been determined and evaluated using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imageries and meteorological datasets within a period of 1984-2011. These time series have been evaluated for three time periods. Dam construction period constitutes the first part of the study. Land cover/use changes especially on agricultural fields under the Ataturk Dam Lake and its vicinity have been identified between the periods of 1984-1992. The second period comprises the 10-year period after the completion of filling up the reservoir in 1992. At this period, Landsat and meteorological time-series analyses are examined to assess the impact of the Ataturk Dam Lake on selected irrigated agricultural areas. For the last 9-year period from 2002 to 2011, the relationships between seasonal water-reserve changes and irrigated plains under changing climatic factors primarily driving vegetation activity (monthly, seasonal, and annual fluctuations of rainfall rate, air temperature, humidity) on the watershed have been investigated using a 30-year meteorological time series. The results showed that approximately 368 km(2) of agricultural fields have been affected because of inundation due to the Ataturk Dam Lake. However, irrigated agricultural fields have been increased by 56.3\% of the total area (1552 of 2756 km(2)) on Harran Plain within the period of 1984-2011.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Oez2021, author = {{\"O}z, Alpercan}, title = {Das Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Opfers und dem strafrechtlichen Lebensschutz}, series = {Neue Juristische Beitr{\"a}ge}, journal = {Neue Juristische Beitr{\"a}ge}, number = {133}, publisher = {utzverlag GmbH}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8316-4895-5}, pages = {XII, 268}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Unser modernes Strafrechtsbild ist gepr{\"a}gt von dem Gedanken, dass das Strafrecht den B{\"u}rgern ein freies und friedliches Zusammenleben unter Gew{\"a}hrleistung aller verfassungsrechtlich garantierten Grundrechte sichert. Der Einsatz des Strafrechts bedarf der Legitimation und darf nicht aus moralischen Vorstellungen oder Gedanken abgeleitet werden. Strafbar kann es demnach nicht sein, wenn ein Rechtsgutstr{\"a}ger {\"u}ber ein ihm disponibles Rechtsgut frei verf{\"u}gt. Oftmals stehen hierbei der strafrechtliche Lebensschutz und das Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Einzelnen in einem Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat untersucht, wie sich dieses Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis in der h{\"o}chstrichterlichen Judikatur entwickelt hat und wie es nunmehr gel{\"o}st wird. Konkret stellt sich hierbei die Frage, wie es strafrechtlich bewertet wurde, wenn jemand einen T{\"o}tungserfolg mitverursacht hat, der zugleich auf einem freiverantwortlichen Willensentschluss des Opfers beruhte.}, language = {de} } @article{OenerQuerebilloDavidetal.2018, author = {{\"O}ner, Ibrahim Halil and Querebillo, Christine Joy and David, Christin and Gernert, Ulrich and Walter, Carsten and Driess, Matthias and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Ly, Khoa Hoang and Weidinger, Inez M.}, title = {High electromagnetic field enhancement of TiO2 nanotube electrodes}, series = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, volume = {57}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, number = {24}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1433-7851}, doi = {10.1002/anie.201802597}, pages = {7225 -- 7229}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We present the fabrication of TiO2 nanotube electrodes with high biocompatibility and extraordinary spectroscopic properties. Intense surface-enhanced resonance Raman signals of the heme unit of the redox enzyme Cytochromeb(5) were observed upon covalent immobilization of the protein matrix on the TiO2 surface, revealing overall preserved structural integrity and redox behavior. The enhancement factor could be rationally controlled by varying the electrode annealing temperature, reaching a record maximum value of over 70 at 475 degrees C. For the first time, such high values are reported for non-directly surface-interacting probes, for which the involvement of charge-transfer processes in signal amplification can be excluded. The origin of the surface enhancement is exclusively attributed to enhanced localized electric fields resulting from the specific optical properties of the nanotubular geometry of the electrode.}, language = {en} } @article{OehbergSurkovTittonenetal.1997, author = {{\"O}hberg, P. and Surkov, E. L. and Tittonen, I. and Stenholm, Stig and Wilkens, Martin and Shlyapnikov, G. V.}, title = {Low-energy elementary excitations of a trapped Bose-condensed gas}, year = {1997}, abstract = {We develop a method of finding analytical sotutions of the Bogolyubov-de Gennes equations for the excitations of a Bose condensate in the Thomas-Fermi regime in harmonic traps of any asymmetry and introduce a classification of eigenstates. In the case of cylindrical symmetry we emphasize the presence of an accidental degeneracy in the excitation spectrum at certain values of the projection of orbital angular momentum on the symmetry axis and discuss possible consequences of the degeneracy in the context of new signatures of Bose- Einstein condensation}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cakıl2017, author = {{\c{C}}ak{\i}l, B{\"u}{\c{s}}ra}, title = {Rehabilitierung des Ehrbegriffs}, publisher = {Tectum}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8288-4133-8}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 210}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Heutzutage ist es {\"u}blich, die Ehre als einen obsoleten Begriff zu betrachten, der nur einem archaischen Denkmodell zuzuordnen ist und keine handlungspr{\"a}gende Gr{\"o}ße in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft darstellt. Die Ehrenmorde, die heute noch in unterschiedlichen Teilen der Welt ver{\"u}bt werden, scheinen diese Behauptung zu best{\"a}tigen. In diesem Buch wird jedoch die These vertreten, dass nicht der Ehrbegriff, sondern seine Deutungen archaischer Natur und daher in Frage zu stellen sind. Die Ehre ist die Bezeichnung des sozialen Werts eines Menschen, den er infolge seiner achtenswerten Handlungen erlangt. Also kann sie kein Motiv f{\"u}r moralisch fragw{\"u}rdige Praktiken bilden. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Formen und die Voraussetzungen der Ehre dargestellt, die sowohl in Bezug auf unsere Zeit anpassungsf{\"a}hig als auch ethisch tragbar sind.}, language = {de} } @article{CabukUenlue2022, author = {{\c{C}}abuk, Uğur and {\"U}nl{\"u}, Ercan Sel{\c{c}}uk}, title = {A combined de novo assembly approach increases the quality of prokaryotic draft genomes}, series = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, volume = {67}, journal = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0015-5632}, doi = {10.1007/s12223-022-00980-7}, pages = {801 -- 810}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Next-generation sequencing methods provide comprehensive data for the analysis of structural and functional analysis of the genome. The draft genomes with low contig number and high N50 value can give insight into the structure of the genome as well as provide information on the annotation of the genome. In this study, we designed a pipeline that can be used to assemble prokaryotic draft genomes with low number of contigs and high N50 value. We aimed to use combination of two de novo assembly tools (SPAdes and IDBA-Hybrid) and evaluate the impact of this approach on the quality metrics of the assemblies. The followed pipeline was tested with the raw sequence data with short reads (< 300) for a total of 10 species from four different genera. To obtain the final draft genomes, we firstly assembled the sequences using SPAdes to find closely related organism using the extracted 16 s rRNA from it. IDBA-Hybrid assembler was used to obtain the second assembly data using the closely related organism genome. SPAdes assembler tool was implemented using the second assembly, produced by IDBA-hybrid as a hint. The results were evaluated using QUAST and BUSCO. The pipeline was successful for the reduction of the contig numbers and increasing the N50 statistical values in the draft genome assemblies while preserving the coverage of the draft genomes.}, language = {en} } @book{Aslund1997, author = {{\AA}slund, Anders}, title = {The political economy of systemic transformation and institution-building}, series = {Diskussionsbeitrag / Europ{\"a}isches Institut f{\"u}r internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, Potsdam}, volume = {40}, journal = {Diskussionsbeitrag / Europ{\"a}isches Institut f{\"u}r internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, Potsdam}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1430-5445}, pages = {22 S.}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @book{AgelBoykenEisenbergetal.2023, author = {{\´A}gel, Vilmos and Boyken, Thomas and Eisenberg, Peter and Fuhrhop, Nanna and Peters, Kendra and Schreiber, Niklas and Yildirim, Derya and Bon, Laura and Engelberg, Stefan and Rapp, Irene and Gr{\"u}ttemeier, Ralf and Musan, Renate and Schneider, Stefan}, title = {Literarische Grammatik}, series = {Germanistische Bibliothek}, journal = {Germanistische Bibliothek}, number = {78}, editor = {Fuhrhop, Nanna and Reinken, Niklas and Schreiber, Niklas}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Winter}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-8253-8608-5}, doi = {10.33675/2023-82538608}, pages = {201}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Dieser Band versammelt neun Beitr{\"a}ge mit dem Ziel, Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft aufeinander zu beziehen: Literatur grammatisch zu betrachten und Grammatik f{\"u}r Literatur (neu) zu denken. Jeder Beitrag nimmt mindestens einen grammatischen und einen literarischen Gegenstand zum Ausgangspunkt. Dabei ist die Bandbreite groß; sie reicht von Bodo Kirchhoffs Roman ‚D{\"a}mmer und Aufruhr' {\"u}ber die Kurzgeschichte ‚Das Brot' von Wolfgang Borchert bis hin zu Marion Poschmanns Gedichtzyklus ‚Kindergarten Lichtenberg' und deckt unterschiedlichste sprachliche Bereiche wie Tempus, semantische Rollen, Interpunktionszeichen oder Metaphern ab. Ist es in der Schule geradezu erw{\"u}nscht, Grammatik und Literatur integrativ zu unterrichten, verfolgen sie als universit{\"a}re Disziplinen oft ganz unterschiedliche Fragestellungen an verschiedenen Sprachwerken. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist dieser Band ein interdisziplin{\"a}rer Versuch, Anregungen und neue Perspektiven f{\"u}r schulische wie universit{\"a}re Bildungskontexte zu geben.}, language = {de} } @article{CwiekKupczynskaAltmannArendetal.2016, author = {´Cwiek-Kupczynska, Hanna and Altmann, Thomas and Arend, Daniel and Arnaud, Elizabeth and Chen, Dijun and Cornut, Guillaume and Fiorani, Fabio and Frohmberg, Wojciech and Junker, Astrid and Klukas, Christian and Lange, Matthias and Mazurek, Cezary and Nafissi, Anahita and Neveu, Pascal and van Oeveren, Jan and Pommier, Cyril and Poorter, Hendrik and Rocca-Serra, Philippe and Sansone, Susanna-Assunta and Scholz, Uwe and van Schriek, Marco and Seren, {\"U}mit and Usadel, Bjorn and Weise, Stephan and Kersey, Paul and Krajewski, Pawel}, title = {Measures for interoperability of phenotypic data: minimum information requirements and formatting}, series = {Plant Methods}, volume = {12}, journal = {Plant Methods}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1746-4811}, doi = {10.1186/s13007-016-0144-4}, pages = {18}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Plant phenotypic data shrouds a wealth of information which, when accurately analysed and linked to other data types, brings to light the knowledge about the mechanisms of life. As phenotyping is a field of research comprising manifold, diverse and time-consuming experiments, the findings can be fostered by reusing and combining existing datasets. Their correct interpretation, and thus replicability, comparability and interoperability, is possible provided that the collected observations are equipped with an adequate set of metadata. So far there have been no common standards governing phenotypic data description, which hampered data exchange and reuse. Results: In this paper we propose the guidelines for proper handling of the information about plant phenotyping experiments, in terms of both the recommended content of the description and its formatting. We provide a document called "Minimum Information About a Plant Phenotyping Experiment", which specifies what information about each experiment should be given, and a Phenotyping Configuration for the ISA-Tab format, which allows to practically organise this information within a dataset. We provide examples of ISA-Tab-formatted phenotypic data, and a general description of a few systems where the recommendations have been implemented. Conclusions: Acceptance of the rules described in this paper by the plant phenotyping community will help to achieve findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zuendorf2006, author = {Z{\"u}ndorf, Irmgard}, title = {Der Preis der Marktwirtschaft : staatliche Preispolitik und Lebensstandard in Westdeutschland 1948 bis 1963}, series = {Vierteljahrschrift f{\"u}r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte \$ Beihefte}, volume = {186}, journal = {Vierteljahrschrift f{\"u}r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte \$ Beihefte}, publisher = {Steiner}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {3-515-08861-X}, pages = {331 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{ZuelickeZuhrtChapuisatetal.1994, author = {Z{\"u}licke, Lutz and Zuhrt, Christian and Chapuisat, Xavier and Saint-Esp{\´e}s, C{\´e}cile}, title = {Internal dynamics of simple floppy molecules}, year = {1994}, language = {en} } @article{ZuelickeRagnettiNeumannetal.1996, author = {Z{\"u}licke, Lutz and Ragnetti, Francesca and Neumann, Rainer and Zuhrt, Christian}, title = {Ionized Van-der-Waals systems : structure and interactions}, series = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam}, volume = {1996, 01}, journal = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {46 S.}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{ZuelickeRagnettiNeumann1997, author = {Z{\"u}licke, Lutz and Ragnetti, Francesca and Neumann, Rainer}, title = {Ionized Van-der-Waals systems : structure and interactions}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{ZuehlkeZenichowskiRiebeetal.2017, author = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Zenichowski, Karl and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd}, title = {Subambient pressure electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry}, series = {International journal for ion mobility spectrometry : official publication of the International Society for Ion Mobility Spectrometry}, volume = {20}, journal = {International journal for ion mobility spectrometry : official publication of the International Society for Ion Mobility Spectrometry}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1435-6163}, doi = {10.1007/s12127-017-0215-x}, pages = {47 -- 56}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The pressure dependence of sheath gas assisted electrospray ionization (ESI) was investigated based on two complementary experimental setups, namely an ESI-ion mobility (IM) spectrometer and an ESI capillary - Faraday plate setup housed in an optically accessible vacuum chamber. The ESI-IM spectrometer is capable of working in the pressure range between 300 and 1000 mbar. Another aim was the assessment of the analytical capabilities of a subambient pressure ESI-IM spectrometer. The pressure dependence of ESI was characterized by imaging the electrospray and recording current-voltage (I-U) curves. Qualitatively different behavior was observed in both setups. While the current rises continuously with the voltage in the capillary-plate setup, a sharp increase of the current was measured in the IM spectrometer above a pressure-dependent threshold voltage. The different character can be attributed to the detection of different species in both experiments. In the capillary-plate experiment, a multitude of charged species are detected while only desolvated ions attribute to the IM spectrometer signal. This finding demonstrates the utility of IM spectrometry for the characterization of ESI, since in contrast to the capillary-plate setup, the release of ions from the electrospray droplets can be observed. The I-U curves change significantly with pressure. An important result is the reduction of the maximum current with decreasing pressure. The connected loss of ionization efficiency can be compensated by a more efficient transfer of ions in the IM spectrometer at increased E/N. Thus, similar limits of detection could be obtained at 500 mbar and 1 bar.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuehlkeSassRiebeetal.2017, author = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Sass, Stephan and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd}, title = {Real-Time Reaction Monitoring of an Organic Multistep Reaction by Electrospray Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry}, series = {ChemPlusChem}, volume = {82}, journal = {ChemPlusChem}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2192-6506}, doi = {10.1002/cplu.201700296}, pages = {1266 -- 1273}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The capability of electrospray ionization (ESI)-ion mobility (IM) spectrometry for reaction monitoring is assessed both as a stand-alone real-time technique and in combination with HPLC. A three-step chemical reaction, consisting of a Williamson ether synthesis followed by a hydrogenation and an N-alkylation step, is chosen for demonstration. Intermediates and products are determined with a drift time to mass-per-charge correlation. Addition of an HPLC column to the setup increases the separation power and allows the determination of further species. Monitoring of the intensities of the various species over the reaction time allows the detection of the end of reaction, determination of the rate-limiting step, observation of the system response in discontinuous processes, and optimization of the mass ratios of the starting materials. However, charge competition in ESI influences the quantitative detection of substances in the reaction mixture. Therefore, two different methods are investigated, which allow the quantification and investigation of reaction kinetics. The first method is based on the pre-separation of the compounds on an HPLC column and their subsequent individual detection in the ESI-IM spectrometer. The second method involves an extended calibration procedure, which considers charge competition effects and facilitates nearly real-time quantification.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuehlkeRiebeBeitzetal.2015, author = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Zenichowski, Karl and Diener, Marc and Linscheid, Michael W.}, title = {An electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometer as detector for high-performance liquid chromatography}, series = {European journal of mass spectrometry}, volume = {21}, journal = {European journal of mass spectrometry}, number = {3}, publisher = {WeltTrends}, address = {Sussex}, issn = {1469-0667}, doi = {10.1255/ejms.1367}, pages = {391 -- 402}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The application of electrospray ionization (ESI) ion mobility (IM) spectrometry on the detection end of a high-performance liquid chromatograph has been a subject of study for some time. So far, this method has been limited to low flow rates or has required splitting of the liquid flow. This work presents a novel concept of an ESI source facilitating the stable operation of the spectrometer at flow rates between 10 mu L min(-1) and 1500 mu L min(-1) without flow splitting, advancing the T-cylinder design developed by Kurnin and co-workers. Flow rates eight times faster than previously reported were achieved because of a more efficient dispersion of the liquid at increased electrospray voltages combined with nebulization by a sheath gas. Imaging revealed the spray operation to be in a rotationally symmetric multijet-mode. The novel ESI-IM spectrometer tolerates high water contents (<= 90\%) and electrolyte concentrations up to 10 mM, meeting another condition required of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors. Limits of detection of 50 nM for promazine in the positive mode and 1 mu M for 1,3-dinitrobenzene in the negative mode were established. Three mixtures of reduced complexity (five surfactants, four neuroleptics, and two isomers) were separated in the millisecond regime in stand-alone operation of the spectrometer. Separations of two more complex mixtures (five neuroleptics and 13 pesticides) demonstrate the application of the spectrometer as an HPLC detector. The examples illustrate the advantages of the spectrometer over the established diode array detector, in terms of additional IM separation of substances not fully separated in the retention time domain as well as identification of substances based on their characteristic IMs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuehlkeRiebeBeitzetal.2016, author = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Andreotti, Sandro and Reinert, Knut and Zenichowski, Karl and Diener, Marc}, title = {High-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry: Characterization, data management, and applications}, series = {Journal of separation science}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of separation science}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1615-9306}, doi = {10.1002/jssc.201600749}, pages = {4756 -- 4764}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry facilitates the two-dimensional separation of complex mixtures in the retention and drift time plane. The ion mobility spectrometer presented here was optimized for flow rates customarily used in high-performance liquid chromatography between 100 and 1500 mu L/min. The characterization of the system with respect to such parameters as the peak capacity of each time dimension and of the 2D spectrum was carried out based on a separation of a pesticide mixture containing 24 substances. While the total ion current chromatogram is coarsely resolved, exhibiting coelutions for a number of compounds, all substances can be separately detected in the 2D plane due to the orthogonality of the separations in retention and drift dimensions. Another major advantage of the ion mobility detector is the identification of substances based on their characteristic mobilities. Electrospray ionization allows the detection of substances lacking a chromophore. As an example, the separation of a mixture of 18 amino acids is presented. A software built upon the free mass spectrometry package OpenMS was developed for processing the extensive 2D data. The different processing steps are implemented as separate modules which can be arranged in a graphic workflow facilitating automated processing of data.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuehlkeMeilingRoderetal.2021, author = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin and Meiling, Till Thomas and Roder, Phillip and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and Bald, Ilko and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Janßen, Traute and Erhard, Marcel and Repp, Alexander}, title = {Photodynamic inactivation of E. coli bacteria via carbon nanodots}, series = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, volume = {6}, journal = {ACS omega / American Chemical Society}, number = {37}, publisher = {ACS Publications}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {2470-1343}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.1c01700}, pages = {23742 -- 23749}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The increasing development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been a major problem for years, both in human and veterinary medicine. Prophylactic measures, such as the use of vaccines, are of great importance in reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock. These vaccines are mainly produced based on formaldehyde inactivation. However, the latter damages the recognition elements of the bacterial proteins and thus could reduce the immune response in the animal. An alternative inactivation method developed in this work is based on gentle photodynamic inactivation using carbon nanodots (CNDs) at excitation wavelengths λex > 290 nm. The photodynamic inactivation was characterized on the nonvirulent laboratory strain Escherichia coli K12 using synthesized CNDs. For a gentle inactivation, the CNDs must be absorbed into the cytoplasm of the E. coli cell. Thus, the inactivation through photoinduced formation of reactive oxygen species only takes place inside the bacterium, which means that the outer membrane is neither damaged nor altered. The loading of the CNDs into E. coli was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Complete loading of the bacterial cells could be achieved in less than 10 min. These studies revealed a reversible uptake process allowing the recovery and reuse of the CNDs after irradiation and before the administration of the vaccine. The success of photodynamic inactivation was verified by viability assays on agar. In a homemade flow photoreactor, the fastest successful irradiation of the bacteria could be carried out in 34 s. Therefore, the photodynamic inactivation based on CNDs is very effective. The membrane integrity of the bacteria after irradiation was verified by slide agglutination and atomic force microscopy. The method developed for the laboratory strain E. coli K12 could then be successfully applied to the important avian pathogens Bordetella avium and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to aid the development of novel vaccines.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuegeMoellerMeixneretal.2008, author = {Z{\"u}ge, Carolin and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Meixner, Sabine and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Exzessive Mediennutzung und gewalthaltige Medien}, isbn = {978-3-17- 019507-3}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Zueckert1997, author = {Z{\"u}ckert, Hartmut}, title = {Bemerkungen zur Untertanenbelastung beim barocken Schloß- und Klosterbau}, issn = {0940-4007}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Zueckert1997, author = {Z{\"u}ckert, Hartmut}, title = {Vielfalt der Lebensverh{\"a}ltnisse in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft : die "Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen" in brandenburgischen D{\"o}rfern}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Zueckert1997, author = {Z{\"u}ckert, Hartmut}, title = {Memmingens Bedeutung im 18. Jahrhundert}, isbn = {3-8062-1315-1}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{ZoellerUllahBindietal.2017, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Ullah, Shahid and Bindi, Dino and Parolai, Stefano and Mikhailova, Natalya}, title = {The largest expected earthquake magnitudes in Central Asia}, series = {Seismicity, fault rupture and earthquake hazards in slowly deforming regions}, volume = {432}, journal = {Seismicity, fault rupture and earthquake hazards in slowly deforming regions}, publisher = {The Geological Society}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-86239-745-3}, issn = {0305-8719}, doi = {10.1144/SP432.3}, pages = {29 -- 40}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The knowledge of the largest expected earthquake magnitude in a region is one of the key issues in probabilistic seismic hazard calculations and the estimation of worst-case scenarios. Earthquake catalogues are the most informative source of information for the inference of earthquake magnitudes. We analysed the earthquake catalogue for Central Asia with respect to the largest expected magnitudes m(T) in a pre-defined time horizon T-f using a recently developed statistical methodology, extended by the explicit probabilistic consideration of magnitude errors. For this aim, we assumed broad error distributions for historical events, whereas the magnitudes of recently recorded instrumental earthquakes had smaller errors. The results indicate high probabilities for the occurrence of large events (M >= 8), even in short time intervals of a few decades. The expected magnitudes relative to the assumed maximum possible magnitude are generally higher for intermediate-depth earthquakes (51-300 km) than for shallow events (0-50 km). For long future time horizons, for example, a few hundred years, earthquakes with M >= 8.5 have to be taken into account, although, apart from the 1889 Chilik earthquake, it is probable that no such event occurred during the observation period of the catalogue.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHolschneiderHainzletal.2014, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias and Hainzl, Sebastian and Zhuang, Jiancang}, title = {The largest expected earthquake magnitudes in Japan: The statistical perspective}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {104}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {2}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120130103}, pages = {769 -- 779}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Earthquake catalogs are probably the most informative data source about spatiotemporal seismicity evolution. The catalog quality in one of the most active seismogenic zones in the world, Japan, is excellent, although changes in quality arising, for example, from an evolving network are clearly present. Here, we seek the best estimate for the largest expected earthquake in a given future time interval from a combination of historic and instrumental earthquake catalogs. We extend the technique introduced by Zoller et al. (2013) to estimate the maximum magnitude in a time window of length T-f for earthquake catalogs with varying level of completeness. In particular, we consider the case in which two types of catalogs are available: a historic catalog and an instrumental catalog. This leads to competing interests with respect to the estimation of the two parameters from the Gutenberg-Richter law, the b-value and the event rate lambda above a given lower-magnitude threshold (the a-value). The b-value is estimated most precisely from the frequently occurring small earthquakes; however, the tendency of small events to cluster in aftershocks, swarms, etc. violates the assumption of a Poisson process that is used for the estimation of lambda. We suggest addressing conflict by estimating b solely from instrumental seismicity and using large magnitude events from historic catalogs for the earthquake rate estimation. Applying the method to Japan, there is a probability of about 20\% that the maximum expected magnitude during any future time interval of length T-f = 30 years is m >= 9.0. Studies of different subregions in Japan indicates high probabilities for M 8 earthquakes along the Tohoku arc and relatively low probabilities in the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai region. Finally, for scenarios related to long-time horizons and high-confidence levels, the maximum expected magnitude will be around 10.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHolschneiderHainzl2013, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias and Hainzl, Sebastian}, title = {The Maximum Earthquake Magnitude in a Time Horizon: Theory and Case Studies}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {103}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {2A}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120120013}, pages = {860 -- 875}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We show how the maximum magnitude within a predefined future time horizon may be estimated from an earthquake catalog within the context of Gutenberg-Richter statistics. The aim is to carry out a rigorous uncertainty assessment, and calculate precise confidence intervals based on an imposed level of confidence a. In detail, we present a model for the estimation of the maximum magnitude to occur in a time interval T-f in the future, given a complete earthquake catalog for a time period T in the past and, if available, paleoseismic events. For this goal, we solely assume that earthquakes follow a stationary Poisson process in time with unknown productivity Lambda and obey the Gutenberg-Richter law in magnitude domain with unknown b-value. The random variables. and b are estimated by means of Bayes theorem with noninformative prior distributions. Results based on synthetic catalogs and on retrospective calculations of historic catalogs from the highly active area of Japan and the low-seismicity, but high-risk region lower Rhine embayment (LRE) in Germany indicate that the estimated magnitudes are close to the true values. Finally, we discuss whether the techniques can be extended to meet the safety requirements for critical facilities such as nuclear power plants. For this aim, the maximum magnitude for all times has to be considered. In agreement with earlier work, we find that this parameter is not a useful quantity from the viewpoint of statistical inference.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZoellerHolschneider2018, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Reply to "Comment on 'The Maximum Possible and the Maximum Expected Earthquake Magnitude for Production-Induced Earthquakes at the Gas Field in Groningen, The Netherlands' by Gert Z{\"o}ller and Matthias Holschneider" by Mathias Raschke}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {108}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {2}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120170131}, pages = {1029 -- 1030}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHolschneider2014, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Induced seismicity: What is the size of the largest expected earthquake?}, series = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {104}, journal = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {6}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120140195}, pages = {3153 -- 3158}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The injection of fluids is a well-known origin for the triggering of earthquake sequences. The growing number of projects related to enhanced geothermal systems, fracking, and others has led to the question, which maximum earthquake magnitude can be expected as a consequence of fluid injection? This question is addressed from the perspective of statistical analysis. Using basic empirical laws of earthquake statistics, we estimate the magnitude M-T of the maximum expected earthquake in a predefined future time window T-f. A case study of the fluid injection site at Paradox Valley, Colorado, demonstrates that the magnitude m 4.3 of the largest observed earthquake on 27 May 2000 lies very well within the expectation from past seismicity without adjusting any parameters. Vice versa, for a given maximum tolerable earthquake at an injection site, we can constrain the corresponding amount of injected fluids that must not be exceeded within predefined confidence bounds.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHolschneider2016, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {The Maximum Possible and the Maximum Expected Earthquake Magnitude for Production-Induced Earthquakes at the Gas Field in Groningen, The Netherlands}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {106}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120160220}, pages = {2917 -- 2921}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Groningen gas field serves as a natural laboratory for production-induced earthquakes, because no earthquakes were observed before the beginning of gas production. Increasing gas production rates resulted in growing earthquake activity and eventually in the occurrence of the 2012M(w) 3.6 Huizinge earthquake. At least since this event, a detailed seismic hazard and risk assessment including estimation of the maximum earthquake magnitude is considered to be necessary to decide on the future gas production. In this short note, we first apply state-of-the-art methods of mathematical statistics to derive confidence intervals for the maximum possible earthquake magnitude m(max). Second, we calculate the maximum expected magnitude M-T in the time between 2016 and 2024 for three assumed gas-production scenarios. Using broadly accepted physical assumptions and 90\% confidence level, we suggest a value of m(max) 4.4, whereas M-T varies between 3.9 and 4.3, depending on the production scenario.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHolschneider2016, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {The Earthquake History in a Fault Zone Tells Us Almost Nothing about m(max)}, series = {Seismological research letters}, volume = {87}, journal = {Seismological research letters}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0895-0695}, doi = {10.1785/0220150176}, pages = {132 -- 137}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the present study, we summarize and evaluate the endeavors from recent years to estimate the maximum possible earthquake magnitude m(max) from observed data. In particular, we use basic and physically motivated assumptions to identify best cases and worst cases in terms of lowest and highest degree of uncertainty of m(max). In a general framework, we demonstrate that earthquake data and earthquake proxy data recorded in a fault zone provide almost no information about m(max) unless reliable and homogeneous data of a long time interval, including several earthquakes with magnitude close to m(max), are available. Even if detailed earthquake information from some centuries including historic and paleoearthquakes are given, only very few, namely the largest events, will contribute at all to the estimation of m(max), and this results in unacceptably high uncertainties. As a consequence, estimators of m(max) in a fault zone, which are based solely on earthquake-related information from this region, have to be dismissed.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHainzlTilmannetal.2020, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Hainzl, Sebastian and Tilmann, Frederik and Woith, Heiko and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Comment on: Wikelski, Martin; M{\"u}ller, Uschi; Scocco, Paola; Catorci, Andrea; Desinov, Lev V.; Belyaev, Mikhail Y.; Keim, Daniel A.; Pohlmeier, Winfried; Fechteler, Gerhard; Mai, Martin P. : Potential short-term earthquake forecasting by farm animal monitoring. - Ethology. - 126 (2020), 9. - S. 931 - 941. -ISSN 0179-1613. - eISSN 1439-0310. - doi 10.1111/eth.13078}, series = {Ethology}, volume = {127}, journal = {Ethology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0179-1613}, doi = {10.1111/eth.13105}, pages = {302 -- 306}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Based on an analysis of continuous monitoring of farm animal behavior in the region of the 2016 M6.6 Norcia earthquake in Italy, Wikelski et al., 2020; (Seismol Res Lett, 89, 2020, 1238) conclude that animal activity can be anticipated with subsequent seismic activity and that this finding might help to design a "short-term earthquake forecasting method." We show that this result is based on an incomplete analysis and misleading interpretations. Applying state-of-the-art methods of statistics, we demonstrate that the proposed anticipatory patterns cannot be distinguished from random patterns, and consequently, the observed anomalies in animal activity do not have any forecasting power.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHainzlKurths2001, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Hainzl, Sebastian and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Observation of growing correlation length as an indicator for critical point behavior prior to large earthquakes}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerHainzlHolschneider2010, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Hainzl, Sebastian and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Recurrence of Large Earthquakes : bayesian inference from catalogs in the presence of magnitude uncertainties}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-010-0078-0}, year = {2010}, abstract = {We present a Bayesian method that allows continuous updating the aperiodicity of the recurrence time distribution of large earthquakes based on a catalog with magnitudes above a completeness threshold. The approach uses a recently proposed renewal model for seismicity and allows the inclusion of magnitude uncertainties in a straightforward manner. Errors accounting for grouped magnitudes and random errors are studied and discussed. The results indicate that a stable and realistic value of the aperiodicity can be predicted in an early state of seismicity evolution, even though only a small number of large earthquakes has occurred to date. Furthermore, we demonstrate that magnitude uncertainties can drastically influence the results and can therefore not be neglected. We show how to correct for the bias caused by magnitude errors. For the region of Parkfield we find that the aperiodicity, or the coefficient of variation, is clearly higher than in studies which are solely based on the large earthquakes.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerBenZion2014, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Ben-Zion, Yehuda}, title = {Large earthquake hazard of the San Jacinto fault zone, CA, from long record of simulated seismicity assimilating the available instrumental and paleoseismic data}, series = {Pure and applied geophysics}, volume = {171}, journal = {Pure and applied geophysics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-014-0783-1}, pages = {2955 -- 2965}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We investigate spatio-temporal properties of earthquake patterns in the San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), California, between Cajon Pass and the Superstition Hill Fault, using a long record of simulated seismicity constrained by available seismological and geological data. The model provides an effective realization of a large segmented strike-slip fault zone in a 3D elastic half-space, with heterogeneous distribution of static friction chosen to represent several clear step-overs at the surface. The simulated synthetic catalog reproduces well the basic statistical features of the instrumental seismicity recorded at the SJFZ area since 1981. The model also produces events larger than those included in the short instrumental record, consistent with paleo-earthquakes documented at sites along the SJFZ for the last 1,400 years. The general agreement between the synthetic and observed data allows us to address with the long-simulated seismicity questions related to large earthquakes and expected seismic hazard. The interaction between m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on different sections of the SJFZ is found to be close to random. The hazard associated with m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on the SJFZ increases significantly if the long record of simulated seismicity is taken into account. The model simulations indicate that the recent increased number of observed intermediate SJFZ earthquakes is a robust statistical feature heralding the occurrence of m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquakes. The hypocenters of the m a parts per thousand yen 5 events in the simulation results move progressively towards the hypocenter of the upcoming m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquake.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zoeller2017, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {Comment on "Estimation of Earthquake Hazard Parameters from Incomplete Data Files. Part III. Incorporation of Uncertainty of Earthquake-Occurrence Model" by Andrzej Kijko, Ansie Smit, and Markvard A. Sellevoll}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {107}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120160193}, pages = {1975 -- 1978}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Kijko et al. (2016) present various methods to estimate parameters that are relevant for probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment. One of these parameters, although not the most influential, is the maximum possible earthquake magnitude m(max). I show that the proposed estimation of m(max) is based on an erroneous equation related to a misuse of the estimator in Cooke (1979) and leads to unstable results. So far, reported finite estimations of m(max) arise from data selection, because the estimator in Kijko et al. (2016) diverges with finite probability. This finding is independent of the assumed distribution of earthquake magnitudes. For the specific choice of the doubly truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution, I illustrate the problems by deriving explicit equations. Finally, I conclude that point estimators are generally not a suitable approach to constrain m(max).}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2022, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field}, series = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, volume = {112}, journal = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, number = {4}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {El Cerito, Calif.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120210307}, pages = {1825 -- 1831}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2018, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A statistical model for earthquake recurrence based on the assimilation of paleoseismicity, historic seismicity, and instrumental seismicity}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {123}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2017JB015099}, pages = {4906 -- 4921}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Paleoearthquakes and historic earthquakes are the most important source of information for the estimation of long-term earthquake recurrence intervals in fault zones, because corresponding sequences cover more than one seismic cycle. However, these events are often rare, dating uncertainties are enormous, and missing or misinterpreted events lead to additional problems. In the present study, I assume that the time to the next major earthquake depends on the rate of small and intermediate events between the large ones in terms of a clock change model. Mathematically, this leads to a Brownian passage time distribution for recurrence intervals. I take advantage of an earlier finding that under certain assumptions the aperiodicity of this distribution can be related to the Gutenberg-Richter b value, which can be estimated easily from instrumental seismicity in the region under consideration. In this way, both parameters of the Brownian passage time distribution can be attributed with accessible seismological quantities. This allows to reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of the mean recurrence interval, especially for short paleoearthquake sequences and high dating errors. Using a Bayesian framework for parameter estimation results in a statistical model for earthquake recurrence intervals that assimilates in a simple way paleoearthquake sequences and instrumental data. I present illustrative case studies from Southern California and compare the method with the commonly used approach of exponentially distributed recurrence times based on a stationary Poisson process.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2013, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {Convergence of the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes - maybe in 200 years}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {40}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {15}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1002/grl.50779}, pages = {3873 -- 3877}, year = {2013}, abstract = {I study the ability to estimate the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes. While power-law scaling for small earthquakes is accepted by support of data, the tail remains speculative. In a recent study, Bell et al. (2013) claim that the frequency-magnitude distribution of global earthquakes converges to a tapered Pareto distribution. I show that this finding results from data fitting errors, namely from the biased maximum likelihood estimation of the corner magnitude theta in strongly undersampled models. In particular, the estimation of theta depends solely on the few largest events in the catalog. Taking this into account, I compare various state-of-the-art models for the global frequency-magnitude distribution. After discarding undersampled models, the remaining ones, including the unbounded Gutenberg-Richter distribution, perform all equally well and are, therefore, indistinguishable. Convergence to a specific distribution, if it ever takes place, requires about 200 years homogeneous recording of global seismicity, at least.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zoelch1997, author = {Z{\"o}lch, Martina}, title = {Aktivit{\"a}ten der Handlungsverschr{\"a}nkung : Theorie und Praxis der Werkstattsteuerung in der gruppenorientierten Fertigung}, pages = {286, XXII, VIII S.}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Zaehle2005, author = {Z{\"a}hle, Henryk}, title = {Space-time regularity of catalytic super-Brownian motion}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The paper studies catalytic super-Brownian motion on the real line, where the branching rate is controlled by a catalyst. D. A. Dawson, K. Fleischmann and S. Roelly showed, for a broad class of catalysts, that, as for constant branching, the processes are absolutely continuous measures. This paper considers a class of catalysts, called moderate, which must satisfy a uniform boundedness condition and a condition controlling the degree of singularity---essentially that the mass of catalyst in small balls should (uniformly) be of order r^a, where a>0. The main result of this paper shows that for this class of catalysts there is a continuous density field for the process. Moreover the density is the unique solution (in law) of an appropriate SPDE.}, language = {en} }