@article{BehrendtBielitzkiBehrensetal.2022, author = {Behrendt, Tom and Bielitzki, Robert and Behrens, Martin and Herold, Fabian and Schega, Lutz}, title = {Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans}, series = {Sports medicine - open}, volume = {8}, journal = {Sports medicine - open}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, issn = {2199-1170}, doi = {10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x}, pages = {28}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. Objective: Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. Results: Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).}, language = {en} } @article{PhilippKristonKuehneetal.2020, author = {Philipp, Rebecca and Kriston, Levente and K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Harter, Martin and Meister, Ramona}, title = {Concepts of metacognition in the treatment of patients with mental disorders}, series = {Journal of rational emotive and cognitive behavior therapy}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of rational emotive and cognitive behavior therapy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0894-9085}, doi = {10.1007/s10942-019-00333-3}, pages = {173 -- 183}, year = {2020}, abstract = {While metacognitive interventions are gaining attention in the treatment of various mental disorders, a review of the literature showed that the term is often defined poorly and used for a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches that do not necessarily pursue the same goal. We give a summary of three metacognitive interventions which were developed within a sound theoretical framework-metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, and metacognitively-oriented integrative psychotherapies-and discuss their similarities and distinctive features. We then offer an integrative operational definition of metacognitive interventions as goal-oriented treatments that target metacognitive content, which is characterized by the awareness and understanding of one's own thoughts and feelings as well as the thoughts and feelings of others. They aim to alleviate disorder-specific and individual symptoms by gaining more flexibility in cognitive processing.}, language = {en} } @misc{VolkertBeckCederholmetal.2019, author = {Volkert, Dorothee and Beck, Anne Marie and Cederholm, Tommy and Cereda, Emanuele and Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J. and Goisser, Sabine and de Groot, Lisette and Grosshauser, Franz and Kiesswetter, Eva and Norman, Kristina and Pourhassan, Maryam and Reinders, Ilse and Roberts, Helen C. and Rolland, Yves and Schneider, St{\´e}phane M. and Sieber, Cornel and Thiem, Ulrich and Visser, Marjolein and Wijnhoven, Hanneke and Wirth, Rainer}, title = {Management of malnutrition in older patients}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm8070974}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Malnutrition is widespread in older people and represents a major geriatric syndrome with multifactorial etiology and severe consequences for health outcomes and quality of life. The aim of the present paper is to describe current approaches and evidence regarding malnutrition treatment and to highlight relevant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Recently published guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) provide a summary of the available evidence and highlight the wide range of different measures that can be taken—from the identification and elimination of potential causes to enteral and parenteral nutrition—depending on the patient's abilities and needs. However, more than half of the recommendations therein are based on expert consensus because of a lack of evidence, and only three are concern patient-centred outcomes. Future research should further clarify the etiology of malnutrition and identify the most relevant causes in order to prevent malnutrition. Based on limited and partly conflicting evidence and the limitations of existing studies, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective in which patient groups, and if specific situations, diseases or etiologies of malnutrition require specific approaches. Patient-relevant outcomes such as functionality and quality of life need more attention, and research methodology should be harmonised to allow for the comparability of studies.}, language = {en} }