@article{WrightWachs2022,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian},
  title     = {Adolescents' emotional reactions for not intervening in cyberbullying as moderators in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying and health issues},
  series = {Current psychology},
  journal   = {Current psychology},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12144-022-03773-w},
  pages     = {19378 -- 19385},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Not much is known about how bystanders' emotional reactions after not intervening in cyberbullying might impact their health issues. Narrowing this gap in the literature, the present study focused on examining the moderating effects of emotional reactions (i.e., guilt, sadness, anger) after not intervening in cyberbullying on the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying bystanding and health issues (i.e., subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm). Participants were 1,067 adolescents between 12 and 15 years old included in this study (M-age = 13.67; 51\% girls). The findings showed a positive association between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 health issues. Guilt moderated the positive relationships among Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding, Time 2 subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-harm. Time 1 sadness also moderated the relationship between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-harm. However, anger did not moderate any of the associations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PlenerZohselHohmetal.2017,
  author    = {Plener, Paul L. and Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Banaschewski, T. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Lower cortisol level in response to a psychosocial stressor in young females with self-harm},
  series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0306-4530},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.009},
  pages     = {84 -- 87},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Self-harm is highly prevalent in adolescence, often serving an emotion regulation function. Social stressors such as bullying are associated with self-harm. The neurobiological background of the relationship between social stressors and self-harm needs to be further understood to inform prevention and therapy. Methods: Participants were members of an epidemiological cohort study. 130 female participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) at age 19. Of them, 21 reported a history of self-harm as assessed by the Youth Self Report. Psychiatric diagnoses were recorded. Results: Participants with a history of self-harm showed significantly lower blood cortisol levels throughout the TSST. Early psychosocial adversity did not significantly differ between groups with and without self-harm, with self-harming participants reporting more childhood adversities. Conclusion: These results add to the limited field of studies showing an altered HPA axis activity in females with self-harm. Future studies need to address the causal mechanisms behind this association.},
  language  = {en}
}