@incollection{Homolka2023, author = {Homolka, Walter}, title = {Religionen und Staat im Weimarer Dreieck}, series = {Recht und Religionen im Weimarer Dreieck - Europ{\"a}ische Anforderungen und Chancen}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {Recht und Religionen im Weimarer Dreieck - Europ{\"a}ische Anforderungen und Chancen}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-0512-3}, doi = {10.5771/9783748938354-233}, pages = {233 -- 242}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{LazaridesSchiepeTiskaHeineetal.2022, author = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Schiepe-Tiska, Anja and Heine, Jorg-Henrik and Buchholz, Janine}, title = {Expectancy-value profiles in math}, series = {Learning and individual differences}, volume = {98}, journal = {Learning and individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1041-6080}, doi = {10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102198}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This longitudinal study aimed to investigate how motivational transitions of adolescents in the domain of mathematics from Grades 9 to 10 were related to student-perceived mathematics teacher support and student -oriented teaching. Data were drawn from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and its German national extension called PISA Plus 2012-2013. We used a subsample of 2605 students (51.0 \% girls) from 198 classrooms. Using latent profile analyses, we identified three motivational patterns based on expectancy-value theory that were meaningfully associated with students' mathematics test scores and work ethics. Latent transition analyses showed that these patterns were mostly stable across time. Occurring changes were characterized by a decrease in mathematics motivation across time. Student-oriented teaching as reported by students in Grade 9 impeded maladaptive motivational transitions. Students with particularly low interest and utility value benefitted from teachers who direct their instruction at students' motivational characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{AbakarovaFuchsNoiray2022, author = {Abakarova, Dzhuma and Fuchs, Susanne and Noiray, Aude}, title = {Developmental changes in coarticulation degree relate to differences in articulatory patterns: an empirically grounded modeling approach}, series = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, volume = {65}, journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc.}, address = {Rockville, Md.}, issn = {1092-4388}, doi = {10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00212}, pages = {3276 -- 3299}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose: Coarticulatory effects in speech vary across development, but the sources of this variation remain unclear. This study investigated whether developmental differences in intrasyllabic coarticulation degree could be explained by differences in children's articulatory patterns compared to adults. Method: To address this question, we first compared the tongue configurations of 3-to 7-year-old German children to those of adults. The observed developmental differences were then examined through simulations with Task Dynamics Application, a Task Dynamics simulation system, to establish which articulatory modifications could best reproduce the empirical results. To generate syllables simulating the lack of tongue gesture differentiation, we tested three simulation scenarios. Results: We found that younger speakers use less differentiated articulatory patterns to achieve alveolar constrictions than adults. The simulations corresponding to undifferentiated control of tongue tip and tongue body resulted in (a) tongue shapes similar to those observed in natural speech and (b) higher degrees of intrasyllabic coarticulation in children when compared to adults. Conclusions: Results provide evidence that differences in articulatory patterns contribute to developmental differences in coarticulation degree. This study further shows that empirically informed modeling can advance our understanding of changes in coarticulatory patterns across age.}, language = {en} } @article{Sela2022, author = {Sela, Yael}, title = {Sacred poetry, eternal felicity, and the redemption of Israel}, series = {European journal of jewish studies}, volume = {16}, journal = {European journal of jewish studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Biggleswade}, issn = {1025-9996}, doi = {10.1163/1872471X-bja10044}, pages = {261 -- 280}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The article explores the philosophical exegesis in Obadiah Sforno's sixteenth-century Psalms commentary and its reception in Berlin of the late eighteenth century, where it was reprinted in the Haskalah's biggest bestseller-an edition of Moses Mendelssohn's Psalms translation with Hebrew commentary. While the inclusion of entire commentaries by earlier exegetes was unique among all Haskalah Bible editions, I argue that the choice to include Sforno's commentary alongside Mendelssohn's translation of Psalms, itself an expression of Mendelssohn's political-theological defense of Judaism, was intended to buttress shared philosophical doctrines and concepts located by the two scholars in Psalms, notwithstanding temporal and cultural divergences: imitatio Dei, the salvation of the individual soul, and Israel's eternity.}, language = {en} } @article{NguyenMerzHundechaetal.2021, author = {Nguyen, Viet-Dung and Merz, Bruno and Hundecha, Yeshewatesfa and Haberlandt, Uwe and Vorogushyn, Sergiy}, title = {Comprehensive evaluation of an improved large-scale multi-site weather generator for Germany}, series = {International journal of climatology : a journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, volume = {41}, journal = {International journal of climatology : a journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Chichester [u.a.]}, issn = {0899-8418}, doi = {10.1002/joc.7107}, pages = {4933 -- 4956}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a stochastic multi-site, multi-variate weather generator at the scale of entire Germany and parts of the neighbouring countries covering the major German river basins Elbe, Upper Danube, Rhine, Weser and Ems with a total area of approximately 580,000 km(2). The regional weather generator, which is based on a first-order multi-variate auto-regressive model, is setup using 53-year long daily observational data at 528 locations. The performance is evaluated by investigating the ability of the weather generator to replicate various important statistical properties of the observed variables including precipitation occurrence and dry/wet transition probabilities, mean daily and extreme precipitation, multi-day precipitation sums, spatial correlation structure, areal precipitation, mean daily and extreme temperature and solar radiation. We explore two marginal distributions for daily precipitation amount: mixed Gamma-Generalized Pareto and extended Generalized Pareto. Furthermore, we introduce a new procedure to estimate the spatial correlation matrix and model mean daily temperature and solar radiation. The extensive evaluation reveals that the weather generator is greatly capable of capturing most of the crucial properties of the weather variables, particularly of extreme precipitation at individual locations. Some deficiencies are detected in capturing spatial precipitation correlation structure that leads to an overestimation of areal precipitation extremes. Further improvement of the spatial correlation structure is envisaged for future research. The mixed marginal model found to outperform the extended Generalized Pareto in our case. The use of power transformation in combination with normal distribution significantly improves the performance for non-precipitation variables. The weather generator can be used to generate synthetic event footprints for large-scale trans-basin flood risk assessment.}, language = {en} } @article{GaspariniLangusTsujietal.2021, author = {Gasparini, Loretta and Langus, Alan and Tsuji, Sho and Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie}, title = {Quantifying the role of rhythm in infants' language discrimination abilities}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {213}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104757}, pages = {31}, year = {2021}, abstract = {More than 30 years have passed since Mehler et al. (1988) proposed that newborns can discriminate between languages that belong to different rhythm classes: stress-, syllable- or mora-timed. Thereupon they developed the hypothesis that infants are sensitive to differences in vowel and consonant interval durations as acoustic correlates of rhythm classes. It remains unknown exactly which durational computations infants use when perceiving speech for the purposes of distinguishing languages. Here, a meta-analysis of studies on infants' language discrimination skills over the first year of life was conducted, aiming to quantify how language discrimination skills change with age and are modulated by rhythm classes or durational metrics. A systematic literature search identified 42 studies that tested infants' (birth to 12 months) discrimination or preference of two language varieties, by presenting infants with auditory or audio-visual continuous speech. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using multivariate random effects meta-analytic models with the factors rhythm class difference, age, stimulus manipulation, method, and metrics operationalising proportions of and variability in vowel and consonant interval durations, to explore which factors best account for language discrimination or preference. Results revealed that smaller differences in vowel interval variability (oV) and larger differences in successive consonantal interval variability (rPVI-C) were associated with more successful language discrimination, and better accounted for discrimination results than the factor rhythm class. There were no effects of age for discrimination but results on preference studies were affected by age: the older infants get, the more they prefer non-native languages that are rhythmically similar to their native language, but not non-native languages that are rhythmically distinct. These findings can inform theories on language discrimination that have previously focussed on rhythm class, by providing a novel way to operationalise rhythm in language in the extent to which it accounts for infants' language discrimination abilities.}, language = {en} } @article{YangLiebnerSvenningetal.2021, author = {Yang, Sizhong and Liebner, Susanne and Svenning, Mette Marianne and Tveit, Alexander T{\o}sdal}, title = {Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming}, series = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {30}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, number = {20}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {0962-1083}, doi = {10.1111/mec.16118}, pages = {5094 -- 5104}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Temperature is an important factor governing microbe-mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short-term temperature increases in Arctic peat soil, and linked these shifts to higher CH4 and CO2 production rates (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E2507-E2516). Here, we studied the taxonomic composition and functional potential of samples from the same experiment. We see that along a high-resolution temperature gradient (1-30 degrees C), microbial communities change discretely, but not continuously or stochastically, in response to rising temperatures. The taxonomic variability may thus in part reflect the varied temperature responses of individual taxa and the competition between these taxa for resources. These taxonomic responses contrast the stable functional potential (metagenomic-based) across all temperatures or the previously observed metabolic or trophic shifts at key temperatures. Furthermore, with rising temperatures we observed a progressive decrease in species diversity (Shannon Index) and increased dispersion of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates. We conclude that the taxonomic variation is decoupled from both the functional potential of the community and the previously observed temperature-dependent changes in microbial function. However, the reduced diversity at higher temperatures might help explain the higher variability in GHG production at higher temperatures.}, language = {en} } @article{HashemiRazaghiMoghadamLaitinenetal.2022, author = {Hashemi, Seirana and Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra and Laitinen, Roosa A. E. and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Relative flux trade-offs and optimization of metabolic network functionalities}, series = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, volume = {20}, journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, publisher = {Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB)}, address = {Gotenburg}, issn = {2001-0370}, doi = {10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.038}, pages = {3963 -- 3971}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Trade-offs between traits are present across different levels of biological systems and ultimately reflect constraints imposed by physicochemical laws and the structure of underlying biochemical networks. Yet, mechanistic explanation of how trade-offs between molecular traits arise and how they relate to optimization of fitness-related traits remains elusive. Here, we introduce the concept of relative flux trade-offs and propose a constraint-based approach, termed FluTOr, to identify metabolic reactions whose fluxes are in relative trade-off with respect to an optimized fitness-related cellular task, like growth. We then employed FluTOr to identify relative flux trade-offs in the genome-scale metabolic networks of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. For the metabolic models of E. coli and S. cerevisiae we showed that: (i) the identified relative flux trade-offs depend on the carbon source used and that (ii) reactions that participated in relative trade-offs in both species were implicated in cofactor biosynthesis. In contrast to the two microorganisms, the relative flux trade-offs for the metabolic model of A. thaliana did not depend on the available nitrogen sources, reflecting the differences in the underlying metabolic network as well as the considered environments. Lastly, the established connection between relative flux trade-offs allowed us to identify overexpression targets that can be used to optimize fitness-related traits. Altogether, our computational approach and findings demonstrate how relative flux trade-offs can shape optimization of metabolic tasks, important in biotechnological applications.}, language = {en} } @article{YadavHusainFutrell2022, author = {Yadav, Himanshu and Husain, Samar and Futrell, Richard}, title = {Assessing corpus evidence for formal and psycholinguistic constraints on nonprojectivity}, series = {Computational linguistics}, volume = {48}, journal = {Computational linguistics}, number = {2}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0891-2017}, doi = {10.1162/coli_a_00437}, pages = {375 -- 401}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Formal constraints on crossing dependencies have played a large role in research on the formal complexity of natural language grammars and parsing. Here we ask whether the apparent evidence for constraints on crossing dependencies in treebanks might arise because of independent constraints on trees, such as low arity and dependency length minimization. We address this question using two sets of experiments. In Experiment 1, we compare the distribution of formal properties of crossing dependencies, such as gap degree, between real trees and baseline trees matched for rate of crossing dependencies and various other properties. In Experiment 2, we model whether two dependencies cross, given certain psycholinguistic properties of the dependencies. We find surprisingly weak evidence for constraints originating from the mild context-sensitivity literature (gap degree and well-nestedness) beyond what can be explained by constraints on rate of crossing dependencies, topological properties of the trees, and dependency length. However, measures that have emerged from the parsing literature (e.g., edge degree, end-point crossings, and heads' depth difference) differ strongly between real and random trees. Modeling results show that cognitive metrics relating to information locality and working-memory limitations affect whether two dependencies cross or not, but they do not fully explain the distribution of crossing dependencies in natural languages. Together these results suggest that crossing constraints are better characterized by processing pressures than by mildly context-sensitive constraints.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Finzel2021, author = {Finzel, Anna}, title = {Innate or acquired?}, series = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts) (CLSCC)}, volume = {14}, booktitle = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts) (CLSCC)}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1075/clscc.14.09fin}, pages = {185 -- 212}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this chapter, some of the findings from sociolinguistic interviews with 25 speakers of Indian English and 26 speakers of Nigerian English are presented. Emanating from a larger research project concerned with conceptualizations of gender, the current analysis focuses on conceptualizations of homosexuality and makes use of the analytical tools provided by Cultural Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics. In particular, the notions of "cultural conceptualizations" (e.g., Sharifian, 2011, 2017) and "cultural model" (e.g., Wolf \& Polzenhagen, 2009; also cf. Schneider, 2014) are addressed. At the time of data collection, discriminatory legislation concerning homosexuality was in force in India and Nigeria. Opinion polls likewise echoed a negative stance towards homosexuality among the population of the two countries. This raised the expectation that similar conceptualizations of homosexuality might be found in Indian and Nigerian English, both in terms of their negative connotation and of how homosexuality would exactly be conceptualized. However, this expectation was not fulfilled. Firstly, the acceptance among the Indian participants to this study was generally greater. Secondly, homosexuality was predominantly conceptualized as an innate condition in the Indian English data, while it was prevalently understood as an acquired condition by the Nigerian informants. Drawing from earlier findings within the context of the same project (Finzel, 2021; fc.), I suggest that these differences can be explained with culture-specific models of gender that lend their logic to conceptualizations of homosexuality.}, language = {en} } @article{MalyshevskayaGalloEfremovetal.2022, author = {Malyshevskaya, Anastasia S. and Gallo, Federico and Efremov, Aleksei A. and Myachykov, Andriy V. and Shtyrov, Yury Y.}, title = {Роль билингвизма в формировании нейрокогнитивного резерва}, series = {Žurnal vysšej nervnoj dejatel'nosti imeni J. P. Pavlova}, volume = {72}, journal = {Žurnal vysšej nervnoj dejatel'nosti imeni J. P. Pavlova}, number = {5}, publisher = {Nauka}, address = {Moskva}, issn = {0044-4677}, doi = {10.31857/S0044467722050094}, pages = {591 -- 608}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Развитие науки, общества и медицины ведет за собой неуклонный рост средней продолжительности жизни. В результате наука сталкивается с новыми задачами, в число которых входит предотвращение деменции и поддержание эффективной работоспособности мозга при старении человека. Одним из защитных факторов, предотвращающих ослабление когнитивных функций и поддерживающих нейропластичность мозга, является билингвизм. Однако дебаты насчет нейропротекторных свойств двуязычия до сих пор являются актуальными. В данной статье рассмотрен феномен нейрокогнитивного резерва (НКР) и определена взаимосвязь между билингвизмом и такими составляющими НКР, как мозговой резерв, нейрональный резерв и нейрональная компенсация. Кроме этого, в статье приведен обзор исследований, посвященных изучению нейронных и когнитивных механизмов влияния билингвизма на здоровое функционирование мозга при старении. В заключении мы вкратце остановились на том, каким образом двуязычие может защищать мозг от старения благодаря взаимодействию между мозговыми и когнитивными составляющими НКР.}, language = {ru} } @article{AransonPikovskijTsimring2021, author = {Aranson, Igor S. and Pikovskij, Arkadij and Tsimring, Lev S.}, title = {К 80-летию Михаила Израилевича Рабиновича}, series = {Izvestija vysšich učebnych zavedenij : naučno-techničeskij žurnal = Izvestiya VUZ. Prikladnaja nelinejnaja dinamika = Applied nonlinear dynamics}, volume = {29}, journal = {Izvestija vysšich učebnych zavedenij : naučno-techničeskij žurnal = Izvestiya VUZ. Prikladnaja nelinejnaja dinamika = Applied nonlinear dynamics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Saratov State University}, address = {Saratov}, issn = {0869-6632}, doi = {10.18500/0869-6632-2021-29-2-217-219}, pages = {217 -- 219}, year = {2021}, language = {ru} } @incollection{Wolf2021, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {Cultural conceptualizations of magical practices related to menstrual blood in a transhistorical and transcontinental perspective}, series = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC)}, volume = {14}, booktitle = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC)}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-9-02725-970-7}, doi = {10.1075/clscc.14.04wol}, pages = {41 -- 76}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Most, if not all, of the studies in Cultural Linguistics have (a) taken a synchronic perspective or (b) focused on specific, intracultural conceptualizations. In my chapter, I will look at a cluster of conceptualizations that have been found to exist in different historical periods, in different languages and varieties, and on different continents. The case in point is conceptualizations of magical practices based on menstrual blood. The existence of these conceptualizations across time and space raises the challenging questions of their motivation, and, more generally, the "flow of conceptualizations." While these questions will be pursued in my chapter, the main focus will be on an elaboration of the conceptual network of conceptualizations pertaining to menstrual blood magic.}, language = {en} } @article{WassermannAbdelfattahCernavaetal.2022, author = {Wassermann, Birgit and Abdelfattah, Ahmed and Cernava, Tomislav and Wicaksono, Wisnu and Berg, Gabriele}, title = {Microbiome-based biotechnology for reducing food loss post harvest}, series = {Current opinion in biotechnology}, volume = {78}, journal = {Current opinion in biotechnology}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0958-1669}, doi = {10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102808}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Microbiomes have an immense potential to enhance plant resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intrinsic microbial communities respond to changes in their host's physiology and environment during plant's life cycle. The potential of the inherent plant microbiome has been neglected for a long time, especially for the postharvest period. Currently, close to 50\% of all produced fruits and vegetables are lost either during production or storage. Biological control of spoilage and storage diseases is still lacking sufficiency. Today, novel multiomics technologies allow us to study the microbiome and its responses on a community level, which will help to advance current classic approaches and develop more effective and robust microbiome-based solutions for fruit and vegetable storability, quality, and safety.}, language = {en} } @article{ArnoldHagemannGilissenetal.2022, author = {Arnold, Patrick and Hagemann, Justus and Gilissen, Emmanuel and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Otter shrew mitogenomes (Afrotheria, Potamogalidae) reconstructed from historical museum skins}, series = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B}, volume = {7}, journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B}, number = {9}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2380-2359}, doi = {10.1080/23802359.2022.2122747}, pages = {1699 -- 1701}, year = {2022}, abstract = {African otter shrews (Potamogalidae) are Afrotherian mammals adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Given their rareness, genetic data on otter shrews are limited. By applying laboratory methods tuned for the recovery of archival DNA and an iterative mapping approach, we reconstructed whole mitochondrial genomes of the Giant (Potamogale velox) and Ruwenzori pygmy otter shrew (Micropotamogale ruwenzorii) from historical museum skins. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with previous reports in recovering a sister relationship between African otter shrews and Malagasy tenrecs. The long branches separating both lineages, however, support their recognition as separate families.}, language = {en} } @article{ThongthaisongKasadaGrossartetal.2022, author = {Thongthaisong, Patch and Kasada, Minoru and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Wollrab, Sabine}, title = {Critical role of parasite-mediated energy pathway on community response to nutrient enrichment}, series = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.9622}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Parasites form an integral part of food webs, however, they are often ignored in classic food web theory or limited to the investigation of trophic transmission pathways. Specifically, direct consumption of parasites by nonhost predators is rarely considered, while it can contribute substantially to energy flow in food webs. In aquatic systems, chytrids constitute a major group of fungal parasites whose free-living infective stages (zoospores) form a highly nutritional food source to zooplankton. Thereby, the consumption of zoospores can create an energy pathway from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton ( "mycoloop "). This parasite-mediated energy pathway might be of special importance during phytoplankton blooms dominated by inedible or toxic primary producers like cyanobacteria, which are on the rise with eutrophication and global warming. We theoretically investigated community dynamics and energy transfer in a food web consisting of an edible nonhost and an inedible host phytoplankton species, a parasitic fungus, and a zooplankton species grazing on edible phytoplankton and fungi. Food web dynamics were investigated along a nutrient gradient contrasting nonadaptive zooplankton species representative for filter feeders like cladocerans and zooplankton with the ability to actively adapt their feeding preferences like many copepod species. Overall, the importance of the mycoloop for zooplankton increases with nutrient availability. This increase is smooth for nonadaptive consumers. For adaptive consumers, we observe an abrupt shift from an almost exclusive preference for edible phytoplankton at low nutrient levels to a strong preference for parasitic fungi at high nutrient levels. The model predicts that parasitic fungi could contribute up to 50\% of the zooplankton diet in nutrient-rich environments, which agrees with empirical observations on zooplankton gut content from eutrophic systems during blooms of inedible diatoms or cyanobacteria. Our findings highlight the role of parasite-mediated energy pathways for predictions of energy flow and community composition under current and future environmental change.}, language = {en} } @article{RanischRiedelBreschetal.2021, author = {Ranisch, Robert and Riedel, Annette and Bresch, Friedemann and Mayer, Hiltrud and Pape, Klaus-Dieter and Weise, Gerda and Renz, Petra}, title = {Das T{\"u}binger Modell der „Ethikbeauftragten der Station"}, series = {Ethik in der Medizin : official journal of the German Academy of Ethics in Medicine}, volume = {33}, journal = {Ethik in der Medizin : official journal of the German Academy of Ethics in Medicine}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York}, issn = {0935-7335}, doi = {10.1007/s00481-021-00635-0}, pages = {257 -- 274}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Ethik-Komitees geh{\"o}ren zum festen Bestandteil des Ethikmanagements und der Organisationsethik in klinischen Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens. Entsprechende Ethikstrukturen und die damit verbundenen Angebote stoßen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit allerdings an ihre Grenzen. Ihre Arbeitsweisen sind h{\"a}ufig reaktiv und eine Verankerung in den entsprechenden Organisationsebenen fehlt. Ausgehend von diesen Limitationen der klinischen Ethikberatung hat sich die multiprofessionelle „Arbeitsgruppe Ethik" am Universit{\"a}tsklinikum T{\"u}bingen (UKT) um die Konzeption und Implementierung eines neuen Ansatzes zur nachhaltigen Integration von ethischen Reflexions- und Entscheidungsprozessen auf den Stationen des UKT bem{\"u}ht. Mit dem T{\"u}binger Modell der Ethikbeauftragten der Station verfolgt sie ein Pilotprojekt, das speziell geschulte Pflegekr{\"a}fte aus allen Stationen des UKT als AnsprechpartnerInnen f{\"u}r ethische Fragen einsetzt. Damit stellen die Ethikbeauftragten eine Erweiterung zu etablierten Strukturen der Ethikberatung dar und erg{\"a}nzen vorhandene Top-Down-Strategien. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Zielsetzungen des T{\"u}binger Modells dar und schildert erste Erfahrungen in der Umsetzung. Neben der Einbettung in organisationale Strukturen der Ethikberatung werden die stationsinternen und stations{\"u}bergreifenden Aufgaben der Ethikbeauftragten dargestellt. Zudem wird das Qualifikationsprogramm f{\"u}r Ethikbeauftragte (Basis- und Aufbauschulung) sowie ein Train-the-Trainer-Konzept vorgestellt, welche eine vertiefende Entwicklung von pflege- und medizinethischer Kompetenzen unterst{\"u}tzen und Sicherheit in den stationsbezogenen Reflexions- und Entscheidungsprozessen vermitteln.}, language = {de} } @article{WicaksonoErschenKrauseetal.2022, author = {Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi and Erschen, Sabine and Krause, Robert and M{\"u}ller, Henry and Cernava, Tomislav and Berg, Gabriele}, title = {Enhanced survival of multi-species biofilms under stress is promoted by low-abundant but antimicrobial-resistant keystone species}, series = {Journal of hazardous materials : environmental control, risk assessment, impact and management}, volume = {422}, journal = {Journal of hazardous materials : environmental control, risk assessment, impact and management}, publisher = {Science Direct}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {0304-3894}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126836}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Multi-species biofilms are more resistant against stress compared to single-species biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying this common observation remain elusive. Therefore, we studied biofilm formation of well-known opportunistic pathogens (Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) in various approaches. Synergistic effects in their multi species biofilms were observed. Using metatranscriptomics, changes in the gene expression of the involved members became evident, and provided explanations for the improved survivability under nutrient limitation and exposure to disinfectants. Genes encoding proteins for vitamin B6 synthesis and iron uptake were linked to synergism in the multi-species biofilm under nutrient-limited conditions. Our study indicates that sub-lethal concentrations of an alcohol-based disinfectant enhance biofilm yields in multi-species assemblages. A reduction of the dominant taxa in the multi-species biofilm under disinfectant pressure allowed minor taxa to bloom. The findings underline the importance of minor but antimicrobial-resistant species that serve as "protectors" for the whole assemblage due to upregulation of genes involved in defence mechanisms and biofilm formation. This ultimately results in an increase in the total yield of the multi-species biofilm. We conclude that inter-species interactions may be crucial for the survival of opportunistic pathogens; especially under conditions that are typically found under hospital settings.}, language = {en} } @article{KoukouliotiStavrakakiVomvaetal.2022, author = {Koukoulioti, Vasiliki and Stavrakaki, Stavroula and Vomva, Maria and Adani, Flavia}, title = {Gender marking and clitic pronoun resolution in simultaneous bilingual children}, series = {Languages}, volume = {7}, journal = {Languages}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2226-471X}, doi = {10.3390/languages7040250}, pages = {49}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The acquisition of clitics still remains a highly controversial issue in Greek acquisition literature despite the bulk of studies performed. Object clitics have been shown to be early acquired by monolingual children in terms of production rates, whereas only highly proficient bilingual children achieve target-like performance. Crucially, errors in gender marking are persistent for monolingual and bilingual children even when adult-like production rates are achieved. This study aims to readdress the acquisition of clitics in an innovative way, by entering the variable of gender in an experimental design targeting to assess production and processing by bilingual and monolingual children. Moreover, we examined the role of language proficiency (in terms of general verbal intelligence and syntactic production abilities). The groups had comparable performance in both tasks (in terms of correct responses and error distribution in production and reaction times in comprehension). However, verbal intelligence had an effect on the performance of the monolingual but not of the bilingual group in the production task, and bilingual children were overall slower in the comprehension task. Syntactic production abilities did not have any effect. We argue that gender marking affects clitic processing, and we discuss the implications of our findings for bilingual acquisition.}, language = {en} } @article{WangKuhnGongetal.2021, author = {Wang, Rong and Kuhn, Gerhard and Gong, Xun and Biskaborn, Boris K. and Gersonde, Rainer and Lembke-Jene, Lester and Lohmann, Gerrit and Tiedemann, Ralf and Diekmann, Bernhard}, title = {Deglacial land-ocean linkages at the Alaskan continental margin in the Bering Sea}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.712415}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A marine sediment record from the central Bering Sea, spanning the last 20 thousand years (ka), was studied to unravel the depositional history with regard to terrigenous sediment supply and biogenic sedimentation. Methodic approaches comprised the inference of accumulation rates of siliciclastic and biogenic components, grain-size analysis, and (clay) mineralogy, as well as paleoclimatic modelling. Changes in the depositional history provides insight into land-ocean linkages of paleoenvironmental changes. During the finale of the Last Glacial Maximum, the depositional environment was characterized by hemipelagic background sedimentation. A marked change in the terrigenous sediment provenance during the late Heinrich 1 Stadial (15.7-14.5 ka), indicated by increases in kaolinite and a high glaciofluvial influx of clay, gives evidence of the deglaciation of the Brooks Range in the hinterland of Alaska. This meltwater pulse also stimulated the postglacial onset of biological productivity. Glacial melt implies regional climate warming during a time of widespread cooling on the northern hemisphere. Our simulation experiment with a coupled climate model suggests atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic, with impacts on the dynamics of the Aleutian Low system that gave rise to warmer winters and an early onset of spring during that time. The late deglacial period between 14.5 and 11.0 ka was characterized by enhanced fluvial runoff and biological productivity in the course of climate amelioration, sea-level rise, seasonal sea-ice retreat, and permafrost thaw in the hinterland. The latter processes temporarily stalled during the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 ka) and commenced again during the Preboreal (earliest Holocene), after 11.7 ka. High river runoff might have fertilized the Bering Sea and contributed to enhanced upper ocean stratification. Since 11.0 ka, advanced transgression has shifted the coast line and fluvial influence of the Yukon River away from the study site. The opening of the Bering Strait strengthened contour currents along the continental slope, leaving behind winnowed sand-rich sediments through the early to mid-Holocene, with non-deposition occurring since about 6.0 ka.}, language = {en} }