@article{EilersHeger2019,
  author    = {Eilers, Elisabeth Johanna and Heger, Tina},
  title     = {Past Competition Affects Offspring Foliar Terpenoid Concentrations, Seed Traits, and Fitness in the Invasive Forb Erodium cicutarium (Geraniaceae)},
  series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-701X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fevo.2019.00392},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {(1) Environmental conditions experienced in the past may lead to intraspecific differences in ecological and chemical traits of plants, which likely affect future responses to altered or new environments. Whether competition by neighbors is such a trait-shaping factor is not yet well-known. We aimed to understand how the level of ancestral plant competition affects traits related to plant fitness and resource allocation, reproduction, and (phyto-)toxin accumulation in offspring, and whether a potential differentiation in these traits can be found in different geographic origins of which one belongs to the native and one to the invaded range. (2) We compared differentiation of the following traits in offspring plants of multiple populations in Erodium cicutarium (Geraniaceae): biomass, seed production, seed traits related to dispersal and germination, and concentrations of foliar mono- and sesquiterpenes. We tested the allelopatic potential of aqueous extracts of the same E. cicutarium plants on seeds of five different plant families. (3) In plants originating from populations that experienced high levels of competition, we found twice as high monoterpene concentrations. These plants also produced more biomass and a higher proportion of ripe to unripe seeds until harvesting. Seeds originating from high competition sites were shorter. Aqueous E. cicutarium leaf extracts with high terpenoid content reduced radicle length of Zea mays and radicle and hypocotyl length of E. cicutarium seedlings. (4) The results of this study provide first evidence that the surrounding vegetation may shape chemo-ecological plant traits that may be fundamental for competitive ability. Our study calls for more research testing whether competition experienced in the native range may lead to an enhanced capability of plants to establish populations and spread in a new range.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SperfeldWacker2012,
  author    = {Sperfeld, Erik and Wacker, Alexander},
  title     = {Temperature affects the limitation of Daphnia magna by eicosapentaenoic acid, and the fatty acid composition of body tissue and eggs},
  series = {Freshwater biology},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Freshwater biology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0046-5070},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02719.x},
  pages     = {497 -- 508},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Poikilothermic animals incorporate more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into their cellular membranes as temperature declines, suggesting an increased sensitivity to PUFA limitation in cool conditions. To test this we raised Daphnia magna at different temperatures and investigated the effect of varying dietary PUFA on life history parameters (i.e. growth, reproduction) and the PUFA composition of body tissue and eggs. 2. Upon a PUFA-rich diet (Cryptomonas sp.) females showed higher concentrations of several omega 3 PUFAs in their body tissue at 15 degrees C than at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C, indicating a greater structural requirement for omega 3 PUFAs at low temperature. Their eggs had an equal but higher concentration of omega 3 PUFAs than their body tissue. 3. In a life history experiment at 15 and 20 degrees C we supplemented a diet of a PUFA-free cyanobacterium with the omega 3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The growth of D. magna was more strongly EPA limited at low temperature. A greater requirement for structural EPA at 15 degrees C was indicated by a steeper increase in somatic EPA content with dietary EPA compared to 20 degrees C. 4. At 20 degrees C the development of eggs to successful hatching was high when EPA was supplied to the mothers. At 15 degrees C the hatching success was generally poor, despite of a higher maternal provision of EPA to eggs, compared to that at 20 degrees C, suggesting that EPA alone was insufficient for proper neonatal development at the low temperature. The growth of offspring from mothers raised at 20 degrees C without EPA supplementation was very low, indicating that the negative effects of EPA deficiency can be carried on to the next generation. 5. The fatty acid composition of Daphnia sp. in published field studies shows increasing proportions of saturated fatty acids with increasing environmental temperature, whereas omega 3 PUFAs and EPA show no clear pattern, suggesting that variations in dietary PUFA may mask temperature-dependent adjustments in omega 3 PUFA concentrations of cladocerans in nature.},
  language  = {en}
}