@article{HarmsScalbertZamoraRosetal.2019,
  author    = {Harms, Laura M. and Scalbert, Augustin and Zamora-Ros, Raul and Rinaldi, Sabina and Jenab, Mazda and Murphy, Neil and Achaintre, David and Tj{\o}nneland, Anne and Olsen, Anja and Overvad, Kim and Aleksandrova, Krasimira},
  title     = {Plasma polyphenols associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations},
  series = {British Journal of Nutrition},
  volume    = {123},
  journal   = {British Journal of Nutrition},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {0007-1145},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0007114519002538},
  pages     = {198 -- 208},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 \% CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 \% CI 50, 1) \% lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0 center dot 66, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 58, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 39, 0 center dot 86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 63, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 87), ferulic acid (OR 0 center dot 65, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 44, 0 center dot 96) and caffeic acid (OR 0 center dot 69, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 51, 0 center dot 93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0 center dot 67, 95 \% CI 0 center dot 48, 0 center dot 93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GalbeteKroegerJannaschetal.2018,
  author    = {Galbete, Cecilia and Kr{\"o}ger, Janine and Jannasch, Franziska and Iqbal, Khalid and Schwingshackl, Lukas and Schwedhelm, Carolina and Weikert, Cornelia and Boeing, Heiner and Schulze, Matthias Bernd},
  title     = {Nordic diet, Mediterranean diet, and the risk of chronic diseases},
  series = {BMC Medicine},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {BMC Medicine},
  publisher = {BMC},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1741-7015},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12916-018-1082-y},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been acknowledged as a healthy diet. However, its relation with risk of major chronic diseases in non-Mediterranean countries is inconclusive. The Nordic diet is proposed as an alternative across Northern Europe, although its associations with the risk of chronic diseases remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between the Nordic diet and the MedDiet with the risk of chronic disease (type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer) in the EPIC-Potsdam cohort. Methods: The EPIC-Potsdam cohort recruited 27,548 participants between 1994 and 1998. After exclusion of prevalent cases, we evaluated baseline adherence to a score reflecting the Nordic diet and two MedDiet scores (tMDS, reflecting the traditional MedDiet score, and the MedPyr score, reflecting the MedDiet Pyramid). Cox regression models were applied to examine the association between the diet scores and the incidence of major chronic diseases. Results: During a follow-up of 10.6 years, 1376 cases of T2D, 312 of MI, 321 of stroke, and 1618 of cancer were identified. The Nordic diet showed a statistically non-significant inverse association with incidence of MI in the overall population and of stroke in men. Adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower incidence of T2D (HR per 1 SD 0.93, 95\% CI 0.88-0.98 for the tMDS score and 0.92, 0.87-0.97 for the MedPyr score). In women, the MedPyr score was also inversely associated with MI. No association was observed for any of the scores with cancer. Conclusions: In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, the Nordic diet showed a possible beneficial effect on MI in the overall population and for stroke in men, while both scores reflecting the MedDiet conferred lower risk of T2D in the overall population and of MI in women.},
  language  = {en}
}