@phdthesis{Satanowski2024, author = {Satanowski, Jerome Ari}, title = {Design and in vivo implementation of metabolic modules for synthetic carbon fixation}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {151}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Climate change, driven by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), presents a significant societal challenge for the 21st century. Biotechnological approaches for microbial production of commodity chemicals and fuels offer possible solutions to re-fix CO2 from the atmosphere, thereby mitigating carbon emissions and contributing to a sustainable carbon-economy in the future. Biological CO2 fixation is also at the heart of agricultural productivity, where photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle present promising biotechnological targets for crop improvement. Synthetic biology allows testing metabolic solutions not known to exist in nature, which may exceed their natural counterparts in terms of efficiency. In this thesis, I explore the design of such new-to-nature metabolic pathways for biological CO2 utilization and their implementation in living cells (in vivo). In the first chapter, I describe the development of a metabolic pathway that enables intracellular conversion of CO2 to formate, giving access to highly efficient carbon fixation routes. In nature, CO2-reduction remains restricted to anaerobic organisms and low redox potentials. Here, we introduce the "CORE cycle", a synthetic metabolic pathway that converts CO2 to formate under fully aerobic conditions and ambient CO2 levels, using only NADPH as a reductant. We leverage this synthetic, ATP-energized pathway to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers associated with CO2-reduction. Applying rational metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution, this work demonstrates that Escherichia coli can utilize ambient CO2 as the sole source of one-carbon units and serine, achieving a first step towards novel modes of synthetic autotrophy. We further apply computational modeling to showcase the potential of the CORE cycle as a photorespiratory bypass for enhancing photosynthesis. In the second chapter, I describe the development of the "LCM module", a novel metabolic route for CO2-incorporating conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate. This route relies on the newly uncovered, promiscuous activity of an adenosylcobalamin (B12)-dependent enzyme, which we significantly optimize through targeted hypermutation and in vivo selection strategies. The LCM module provides a shorter and more efficient pathway for acetyl-CoA assimilation compared to natural routes, offering novel opportunities for synthetic CO2 fixation. Overall, through theoretical pathway analysis, enzyme bioprospecting, and modular metabolic engineering in E. coli, this thesis expands the solution space for biological CO2 fixation.}, language = {en} } @article{WoernerBeckerKuechemannetal.2022, author = {W{\"o}rner, Salome and Becker, Sebastian and K{\"u}chemann, Stefan and Scheiter, Katharina and Kuhn, Jochen}, title = {Development and validation of the ray optics in converging lenses concept inventory}, series = {Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPECZ)}, volume = {18}, journal = {Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPECZ)}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2469-9896}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.020131}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Optics is a core field in the curricula of secondary physics education. In this study, we present the development and validation of a test instrument in the field of optics, the ray optics in converging lenses concept inventory (ROC-CI). It was developed for and validated with middle school students, but can also be adapted for the use in higher levels of physics education. The ROC-CI can be used as a formative or a summative assessment of students' conceptual understanding of image formation by converging lenses, assessing the following: (i) the overall understanding of fundamental concepts related to converging lenses, (ii) the understanding of specific concepts, and (iii) students' propensity for difficulties within this topic. The initial ROC-CI consists of 16 multiple-choice items; however, one item was removed based on various quality checks. We validated the ROC-CI thoroughly with distractor analyses, classical test theory, item response theory, structural analyses, and analyses of students' total scores at different measurement points as quantitative approaches, as well as student interviews and an expert survey as qualitative approaches. The quantitative analyses are mostly based on a dataset of N 1/4 318 middle school students who took the ROC-CI as a post-test. The student interviews were conducted with seven middle school students after they were taught the concepts of converging lenses. The expert survey included five experts who evaluated both individual items and the test as a whole. The analyses showed good to excellent results for the test instrument, corroborating the 15-item ROC-CI's validity and its compliance with the three foci outlined above.}, language = {en} } @article{PicozziBindiFestaetal.2021, author = {Picozzi, Matteo and Bindi, Dino and Festa, Gaetano and Cotton, Fabrice Pierre and Scala, Antonio and D'Agostino, Nicola}, title = {Spatiotemporal evolution of microseismicity seismic source properties at the Irpinia Near-Fault Observatory, Southern Italy}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {112}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {1}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {El Cerito, Calif.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120210064}, pages = {226 -- 242}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We estimate the source parameters of small-magnitude earthquakes that occurred during 2008-2020 in the Irpinia faults area (southern Italy). We apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source contribution from propagation and site effects for similar to 3000 earthquakes in the local magnitude range between M-L 0 and 4.2. We develop our analyses in three steps. First, we fit the Brune (1970) model to the nonparametric source spectra to estimate corner frequency and seismic moment, and we map the spatial distribution of stress drop across the Irpinia area. We found stress drops in the range 0.4-8.1 MPa, with earthquakes deeper than 7 km characterized by higher average stress drop (i.e., 3.2 MPa). Second, assuming a simple stress-release model (kanamori and Heaton, 2000), we derive fracture energy and critical slip-weakening distance. The spatial variability of stress drop and fracture energy allows us to image the present stress conditions of fault segments activated during the 23 November 1980 M-s 6.9 earthquake. The variability of the source parameters shows clear patterns of the fault mechanical properties, suggesting that the Irpinia fault system can be divided into three main sectors, with the northern and southern ones showing different properties from the central one. Our results agree with previous studies indicating the presence of fluids with different composition in the different sectors of the Irpinia fault system. In the third step, we compare the time evolution of source parameters with a time series of geodetic displacement recorded near the fault system. Temporal trends in the correlation between geodetic displacement and different source parameters indicate that the poroelastic deformation perturbation generated by the karst aquifer recharge is modulating not only the occurrence rate of micro-seismicity ( D' Agostino et al., 2018) but may lead to rupture asperities with different sizes and characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{EickenscheidtLavauxPaschkeetal.2022, author = {Eickenscheidt, Alice and Lavaux, Valentine and Paschke, Stefan and Martinez Guajardo, Alejandro and Sch{\"o}nemann, Eric and Laschewsky, Andre and Lienkamp, Karen and Staszewski, Ori}, title = {Effect of poly(oxanorbonene)- and poly(methacrylate)-based polyzwitterionic surface coatings on cell adhesion and gene expression of human keratinocytes}, series = {Macromolecular bioscience}, volume = {22}, journal = {Macromolecular bioscience}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1616-5187}, doi = {10.1002/mabi.202200225}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Polyzwitterions are generally known for their anti-adhesive properties, including resistance to protein and cell adhesion, and overall high bio-inertness. Yet there are a few polyzwitterions to which mammalian cells do adhere. To understand the structural features of this behavior, a panel of polyzwitterions with different functional groups and overall degrees of hydrophobicity is analyzed here, and their physical and biological properties are correlated to these structural differences. Cell adhesion is focused on, which is the basic requirement for cell viability, proliferation, and growth. With the here presented polyzwitterion panel, three different types of cell-surface interactions are observed: adhesion, slight attachment, and cell repellency. Using immunofluorescence methods, it is found that human keratinocytes (HaCaT) form focal adhesions on the cell-adhesive polyzwitterions, but not on the sample that has only slight cell attachment. Gene expression analysis indicates that HaCaT cells cultivated in the presence of a non-adhesive polyzwitterion have up-regulated inflammatory and apoptosis-related cell signaling pathways, while the gene expression of HaCaT cells grown on a cell-adhesive polyzwitterion does not differ from the gene expression of the growth control, and thus can be defined as fully cell-compatible.}, language = {en} } @article{HoefsHuelagueBennetetal.2021, author = {H{\"o}fs, Soraya and Huelague, Deniz and Bennet, Francesca and Carl, Peter and Flemig, Sabine and Schmid, Thomas and Schenk, Jorg A. and Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan and Schneider, Rudolf J.}, title = {Electrochemical immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A sensing}, series = {ChemElectroChem}, volume = {8}, journal = {ChemElectroChem}, number = {13}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2196-0216}, doi = {10.1002/celc.202100446}, pages = {2597 -- 2606}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes.}, language = {en} } @article{PanLiuGouetal.2021, author = {Pan, Hanya and Liu, Rui and Gou, Tingyu and Kliem, Bernhard and Su, Yingna and Chen, Jun and Wang, Yuming}, title = {Pre-eruption splitting of the double-decker structure in a solar filament}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {909}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/abda4e}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Solar filaments often erupt partially. Although how they split remains elusive, the splitting process has the potential of revealing the filament structure and eruption mechanism. Here we investigate the pre-eruption splitting of an apparently single filament and its subsequent partial eruption on 2012 September 27. The evolution is characterized by three stages with distinct dynamics. During the quasi-static stage, the splitting proceeds gradually for about 1.5 hr, with the upper branch rising at a few kilometers per second and displaying swirling motions about its axis. During the precursor stage that lasts for about 10 minutes, the upper branch rises at tens of kilometers per second, with a pair of conjugated dimming regions starting to develop at its footpoints; with the swirling motions turning chaotic, the axis of the upper branch whips southward, which drives an arc-shaped extreme-ultraviolet front propagating in a similar direction. During the eruption stage, the upper branch erupts with the onset of a C3.7-class two-ribbon flare, while the lower branch remains stable. Judging from the well-separated footpoints of the upper branch from those of the lower one, we suggest that the pre-eruption filament processes a double-decker structure composed of two distinct flux bundles, whose formation is associated with gradual magnetic flux cancellations and converging photospheric flows around the polarity inversion line.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Homolka2024, author = {Homolka, Walter}, title = {Christology and the biographical Jesus}, series = {Zur Gegenwart des kommenden Gottes - Anst{\"o}ße aus der Erfahrung suchenden Theologie von Tiemo Rainer Peters}, booktitle = {Zur Gegenwart des kommenden Gottes - Anst{\"o}ße aus der Erfahrung suchenden Theologie von Tiemo Rainer Peters}, publisher = {Matthias Gr{\"u}newald Verlag}, address = {Ostfildern}, isbn = {978-3-7867-3323-2}, pages = {377 -- 398}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{TellaWinterleitnerMorsillietal.2022, author = {Tella, Timothy O. and Winterleitner, Gerd and Morsilli, Michele and Mutti, Maria}, title = {Testing sea-level and carbonate production effects on stratal architecture of a distally steepened carbonate ramp (Upper Miocene, Menorca)}, series = {Sedimentary geology : international journal of applied and regional sedimentology}, volume = {441}, journal = {Sedimentary geology : international journal of applied and regional sedimentology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0037-0738}, doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106267}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Although distally steepened carbonate ramps have been studied by numerous researchers, the processes that control the development of these carbonate systems, including tectonics, differential carbonate production along the ramp profile, or antecedent physiography of the slopes, are an ongoing discussion. We use a stratigraphic forward model to test different hypotheses to unravel controls over distally steepened ramp development, referenced to the well-known Upper Miocene Menorca carbonate ramp (Spain). Sensitivity tests show that distally steepened ramps develop under complex interaction among accommodation, carbonate production and sediment transport parameters. Ramp slope initiation is favoured by still stands and falls of sea-level, in a setting with high-frequency sea-level fluctuations with amplitude between 20 m and 40 m. Low-frequency and higher amplitude sea-level fluctuations of about 115 m tend to form models with no significant slope development. The impact of antecedent slope on the geometry of ramps is determined by the paleoslope inclination, with flat to subhorizontal paleosurfaces resulting in ramps that mirror the antecedent slope. In contrast, steeper paleosurfaces tend to result in ramps with well-defined slopes. Our models, therefore, show that the ramp profile becomes more influenced by the depth constraints on the carbonate sediment producers than by the geometry of the underlying topography as the inclination of the paleosurface increases. The presented models also show that seagrass-dominated shallow carbonate production tends to result in steep slopes due to the low-transport characteristic imposed by seagrass trapping. This steepness can, however, be altered by the introduction of high transport sediment grains from deeper carbonate producers, which fill the slopes and more distal sections of the ramp profile.}, language = {en} } @article{BehmAlizadehHadjizedahAnvaretal.2021, author = {Behm, David G. and Alizadeh, Shahab and Hadjizedah Anvar, Saman and Hanlon, Courtney and Ramsay, Emma and Mahmoud, Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim and Whitten, Joseph and Fisher, James P. and Prieske, Olaf and Chaabene, Helmi and Granacher, Urs and Steele, James}, title = {Non-local muscle fatigue effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance in healthy individuals}, series = {Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal}, volume = {51}, journal = {Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3}, pages = {1893 -- 1907}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. Objective To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Search and Inclusion A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. Results The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95\% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q((277)) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I-2 = 67.4\%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95\% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95\% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95\% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. Conclusions Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas.}, language = {en} } @article{RonkainenPesolaTikkanenetal.2021, author = {Ronkainen, Noora J. and Pesola, Arto J. and Tikkanen, Olli and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Continuity and discontinuity of sport and exercise type during the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622876}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35\%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small.}, language = {en} } @article{RazaghiMoghadamSokolowskaSowaetal.2021, author = {Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra and Sokolowska, Ewelina and Sowa, Marcin A. and Skirycz, Aleksandra and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Combination of network and molecule structure accurately predicts competitive inhibitory interactions}, series = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, volume = {19}, journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, publisher = {Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB)}, address = {Gotenburg}, issn = {2001-0370}, doi = {10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.012}, pages = {2170 -- 2178}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mining of metabolite-protein interaction networks facilitates the identification of design principles underlying the regulation of different cellular processes. However, identification and characterization of the regulatory role that metabolites play in interactions with proteins on a genome-scale level remains a pressing task. Based on availability of high-quality metabolite-protein interaction networks and genome-scale metabolic networks, here we propose a supervised machine learning approach, called CIRI that determines whether or not a metabolite is involved in a competitive inhibitory regulatory interaction with an enzyme. First, we show that CIRI outperforms the naive approach based on a structural similarity threshold for a putative competitive inhibitor and the substrates of a metabolic reaction. We also validate the performance of CIRI on several unseen data sets and databases of metabolite-protein interactions not used in the training, and demonstrate that the classifier can be effectively used to predict competitive inhibitory interactions. Finally, we show that CIRI can be employed to refine predictions about metabolite-protein interactions from a recently proposed PROMIS approach that employs metabolomics and proteomics profiles from size exclusion chromatography in E. coli to predict metaboliteprotein interactions. Altogether, CIRI fills a gap in cataloguing metabolite-protein interactions and can be used in directing future machine learning efforts to categorize the regulatory type of these interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{CampbellKairaliyevaSanteretal.2022, author = {Campbell, Richard and Kairaliyeva, Talmira and Santer, Svetlana and Schneck, Emanuel and Miller, Reinhard}, title = {Direct resolution of the interactions of a hydrocarbon gas with adsorbed surfactant monolayers at the water/air interface using neutron reflectometry}, series = {Colloids and interfaces}, volume = {6}, journal = {Colloids and interfaces}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2504-5377}, doi = {10.3390/colloids6040068}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We have directly resolved in the present work the interfacial composition during and after the interactions of a saturated atmosphere of oil vapor with soluble surfactant solutions at a planar water/air interface for the first time. Experiments were conducted on interactions of hexane vapor with solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and sodium dodecyl sulfate to observe the balance between cooperativity and competition of the components at the interface. In all cases, hexane adsorption was strongly enhanced by the presence of the surfactant, even at bulk surfactant concentrations four orders of magnitude below the critical micelle concentration. Cooperativity of the surfactant adsorption was observed only for sodium dodecyl sulfate at intermediate bulk concentrations, yet for all four systems, competition set in at higher concentrations, as hexane adsorption reduced the surfactant surface excess. The data fully supported the complete removal of hexane from the interface following venting of the system to remove the saturated atmosphere of oil vapor. These results help to identify future experiments that would elaborate and could explain the cooperativity of surfactant adsorption, such as on cationic surfactants with short alkyl chains and a broader series of anionic surfactants. This work holds relevance for oil recovery applications with foam, where there is a gas phase saturated with oil vapor.}, language = {en} } @article{ShoghiArslanBastiaanseetal.2022, author = {Shoghi, Sara and Arslan, Seckin and Bastiaanse, Roelien and Popov, Srdan}, title = {Does a walk-through video help the parser down the garden-path?}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009265}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The human language processing mechanism assigns a structure to the incoming materials as they unfold. There is evidence that the parser prefers some attachment types over others; however, theories of sentence processing are still in dispute over the stage at which each source of information contributes to the parsing system. The present study aims to identify the nature of initial parsing decisions during sentence processing through manipulating attachment type and verbs' argument structure. To this end, we designed a self-paced reading task using globally ambiguous constructions in Dutch. The structures included double locative prepositional phrases (PPs) where the first PP could attach both to the verb (high attachment) and the noun preceding it (low attachment). To disambiguate the structures, we presented a visual context in the form of short animation clips prior to each reading task. Furthermore, we manipulated the argument structure of the sentences using 2- and 3-argument verbs. The results showed that parsing decisions were influenced by contextual cues depending on the argument structure of the verb. That is, the visual context overcame the preference for high attachment only in the case of 2-argument verbs, while this preference persisted in structures including 3-argument verbs as represented by longer reading times for the low attachment interpretations. These findings can be taken as evidence that our language processing system actively integrates information from linguistic and non-linguistic sources from the initial stages of analysis to build up meaning. We discuss our findings in light of serial and parallel models of sentence processing.}, language = {en} } @article{HabelSchmittGrosetal.2022, author = {Habel, Jan Christian and Schmitt, Thomas and Gros, Patrick and Ulrich, Werner}, title = {Breakpoints in butterfly decline in Central Europe over the last century}, series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, volume = {851}, journal = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, number = {Part 2}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0048-9697}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158315}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recent studies indicated severe decline of insect diversity and abundance across major parts of Central Europe. Theoretical studies showed that the drivers behind biodiversity loss vary considerably over time. However, these scenarios so far have been insufficiently approved by long-term and large-scale data. In this study we analysed the temporal trends of butterflies and Zygaenid moths across the federal state of Salzburg, northern Austria, from 1920 to 2019. Our study area covers a large variety of habitats and altitudes. Various changes of land use and intensification occurred during and shortly before our studied period, with a first wave of habitat destruction starting in the late 19th century, followed by the deterioration of habitat quality since the mid-20th century. We used 59,870 presence-only data of 168 butterfly and burnet moth species. Each of these species was classified according to ecological characteristics. Break point analyses for non-linear temporal trends in the community composition returned two major time windows. These time windows coincide with periods characterized by severe habitat destruction and the deterioration of habitat quality due to agricultural intensification. We found significant reductions of the proportion of species requiring specific habitats since 1920 and until today. We identified additional break points for species requiring high habitat qualities, endangered butterfly species, and sedentary species, particularly after a main break point in the 1960s. Our findings underline that, apart from habitat destruction, the deterioration of habitat quality is a main driver of biodiversity loss in general. Therefore, nature conservation should focus on maintaining the highest possible habitat quality.}, language = {en} } @article{GoerigkOuwensKuhnetal.2022, author = {G{\"o}rigk, Sarah and Ouwens, D. Margriet and Kuhn, Tanja and Altenhofen, Delsi and Binsch, Christian and Damen, Mareike and Khuong, Jenny Minh-An and Kaiser, Katharina and Knebel, Birgit and Vogel, Heike and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette and Chadt, Alexandra and Al-Hasani, Hadi}, title = {Nudix hydrolase NUDT19 regulates mitochondrial function and ATP production in murine hepatocytes}, series = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular and cell biology of lipids}, volume = {1867}, journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular and cell biology of lipids}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1388-1981}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159153}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Changes in intracellular CoA levels are known to contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human and rodents. However, the underlying genetic basis is still poorly understood. Due to their diverse susceptibility towards metabolic diseases, mouse inbred strains have been proven to serve as powerful tools for the identification of novel genetic factors that underlie the patho-physiology of NAFLD and diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of mouse liver samples revealed the nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif Nudt19 as novel candidate gene responsible for NAFLD and T2D development. Knockdown (KD) of Nudt19 increased mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production rates in Hepa 1-6 cells by 41\% and 10\%, respectively. The enforced utilization of glutamine or fatty acids as energy substrate reduced uncoupled respiration by 41\% and 47\%, respectively, in non-target (NT) siRNA transfected cells. This reduction was prevented upon Nudt19 KD. Furthermore, incubation with palmitate or oleate respectively increased mitochondrial ATP production by 31\% and 20\%, and uncoupled respiration by 23\% and 30\% in Nudt19 KD cells, but not in NT cells. The enhanced fatty acid oxidation in Nudt19 KD cells was accompanied by a 1.3-fold increased abundance of Pdk4. This study is the first to describe Nudt19 as regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and potential mediator of NAFLD and T2D development.}, language = {en} } @article{FengKochovskiArenzetal.2022, author = {Feng, Yiqing and Kochovski, Zdravko and Arenz, Christoph and Lu, Yan and Kneipp, Janina}, title = {Structure and interaction of ceramide-containing liposomes with gold nanoparticles as characterized by SERS and Cryo-EM}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, volume = {126}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, number = {31}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01930}, pages = {13237 -- 13246}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Due to the great potential of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as local vibrational probe of lipid-nanostructure interaction in lipid bilayers, it is important to characterize these interactions in detail. The interpretation of SERS data of lipids in living cells requires an understanding of how the molecules interact with gold nanostructures and how intermolecular interactions influence the proximity and contact between lipids and nanoparticles. Ceramide, a sphingolipid that acts as important structural component and regulator of biological function, therefore of interest to probing, lacks a phosphocholine head group that is common to many lipids used in liposome models. SERS spectra of liposomes of a mixture of ceramide, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylcholine, as well as of pure ceramide and of the phospholipid mixture are reported. Distinct groups of SERS spectra represent varied contributions of the choline, sphingosine, and phosphate head groups and the structures of the acyl chains. Spectral bands related to the state of order of the membrane and moreover to the amide function of the sphingosine head groups indicate that the gold nanoparticles interact with molecules involved in different intermolecular relations. While cryogenic electron microscopy shows the formation of bilayer liposomes in all preparations, pure ceramide was found to also form supramolecular, concentric stacked and densely packed lamellar, nonliposomal structures. That the formation of such supramolecular assemblies supports the intermolecular interactions of ceramide is indicated by the SERS data. The unique spectral features that are assigned to the ceramide-containing lipid model systems here enable an identification of these molecules in biological systems and allow us to obtain information on their structure and interaction by SERS.}, language = {en} } @article{KnappAttingerHuth2022, author = {Knapp, Nikolai and Attinger, Sabine and Huth, Andreas}, title = {A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {19}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {20}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.]}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022}, pages = {4929 -- 4944}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Describing the heterogeneous structure of forests is often challenging. One possibility is to analyze forest biomass in different plots and to derive plot-based frequency distributions. However, these frequency distributions depend on the plot size and thus are scale dependent. This study provides insights about transferring them between scales. Understanding the effects of scale on distributions of biomass is particularly important for comparing information from different sources such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling, all of which can operate at different spatial resolutions. Reliable methods to compare results of vegetation models at a grid scale with field data collected at smaller scales are still missing. The scaling of biomass and variables, which determine the forest biomass, was investigated for a tropical forest in Panama. Based on field inventory data from Barro Colorado Island, spanning 50 ha over 30 years, the distributions of aboveground biomass, biomass gain and mortality were derived at different spatial resolutions, ranging from 10 to 100 m. Methods for fitting parametric distribution functions were compared. Further, it was tested under which assumptions about the distributions a simple stochastic simulation forest model could best reproduce observed biomass distributions at all scales. Also, an analytical forest model for calculating biomass distributions at equilibrium and assuming mortality as a white shot noise process was tested. Scaling exponents of about 0.47 were found for the standard deviations of the biomass and gain distributions, while mortality showed a different scaling relationship with an exponent of 0.3. Lognormal and gamma distribution functions fitted with the moment matching estimation method allowed for consistent parameter transfers between scales. Both forest models (stochastic simulation and analytical solution) were able to reproduce observed biomass distributions across scales, when combined with the derived scaling relationships. The study demonstrates a way of how to approach the scaling problem in model-data comparisons by providing a transfer relationship. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms that shape the frequency distributions at the different scales.}, language = {en} } @article{PetersenNiemzCescaetal.2021, author = {Petersen, Gesa Maria and Niemz, Peter and Cesca, Simone and Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki and Bocchini, Gian Maria}, title = {Clusty, the waveform-based network similarity clustering toolbox}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {224}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaa568}, pages = {2044 -- 2059}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Clusty is a new open source toolbox dedicated to earthquake clustering based on waveforms recorded across a network of seismic stations. Its main application is the study of active faults and the detection and characterization of faults and fault networks. By using a density-based clustering approach, earthquakes pertaining to a common fault can be recognized even over long fault segments, and the first-order geometry and extent of active faults can be inferred. Clusty implements multiple techniques to compute a waveform based network similarity from maximum cross-correlation coefficients at multiple stations. The clustering procedure is designed to be transparent and parameters can be easily tuned. It is supported by a number of analysis visualization tools which help to assess the homogeneity within each cluster and the differences among distinct clusters. The toolbox returns graphical representations of the results. A list of representative events and stacked waveforms facilitate further analyses like moment tensor inversion. Results obtained in various frequency bands can be combined to account for large magnitude ranges. Thanks to the simple configuration, the toolbox is easily adaptable to new data sets and to large magnitude ranges. To show the potential of our new toolbox, we apply Clusty to the aftershock sequence of the M-w 6.9 25 October 2018 Zakynthos (Greece) Earthquake. Thanks to the complex tectonic setting at the western termination of the Hellenic Subduction System where multiple faults and faulting styles operate simultaneously, the Zakynthos data set provides an ideal case-study for our clustering analysis toolbox. Our results support the activation of several faults and provide insight into the geometry of faults or fault segments. We identify two large thrust faulting clusters in the vicinity of the main shock and multiple strike-slip clusters to the east, west and south of these clusters. Despite its location within the largest thrust cluster, the main shock does not show a high waveform similarity to any of the clusters. This is consistent with the results of other studies suggesting a complex failure mechanism for the main shock. We propose the existence of conjugated strike-slip faults in the south of the study area. Our waveform similarity based clustering toolbox is able to reveal distinct event clusters which cannot be discriminated based on locations and/or timing only. Additionally, the clustering results allows distinction between fault and auxiliary planes of focal mechanisms and to associate them to known active faults.}, language = {en} } @article{SerranoMunozUlbrichtFritschetal.2021, author = {Serrano-Munoz, Itziar and Ulbricht, Alexander and Fritsch, Tobias and Mishurova, Tatiana and Kromm, Arne and Hofmann, Michael and Wimpory, Robert C. and Evans, Alexander and Bruno, Giovanni}, title = {Scanning manufacturing parameters determining the residual stress state in LPBF IN718 small parts}, series = {Advanced engineering materials}, volume = {23}, journal = {Advanced engineering materials}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1438-1656}, doi = {10.1002/adem.202100158}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The influence of scan strategy on the residual stress (RS) state of an as-built IN718 alloy produced by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated. Two scan vector rotations (90 degrees-alternation and 67 degrees-rotation), each produced following two different scan vector lengths (long and short), are used to manufacture four rectangular prisms. Neutron diffraction (ND) and laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to map the bulk and surface RS state, respectively. The distortion induced upon removal from the baseplate is measured via profilometry. XRD measurements show that the two long scan vector strategies lead to higher RS when compared with the equivalent short scan vector strategies. Also, the 67 degrees-rotation strategies generate lower RS than their 90 degrees-alternation counterparts. Due to the lack of reliable stress-free d0 references, the ND results are analyzed using von Mises stress. In general, ND results show significant RS spatial non-uniformity. A comparison between ND and distortion results indicates that the RS component parallel to the building direction (Z-axis) has a predominant role in the Z-displacement. The use of a stress balance scheme allows to discuss the d0 variability along the length of the specimens, as well as examine the absolute RS state.}, language = {en} } @article{DeyBookhagenThiedeetal.2022, author = {Dey, Saptarshi and Bookhagen, Bodo and Thiede, Rasmus C. and Wittmann, Hella and Chauhan, Naveen and Jain, Vikrant and Strecker, Manfred R.}, title = {Impact of Late Pleistocene climate variability on paleo-erosion rates in the western Himalaya}, series = {Earth and planetary science letters}, volume = {578}, journal = {Earth and planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117326}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {It has been proposed that at short timescales of 10(2)-10(5) yr, climatic variability can explain variations in sediment flux, but in orogens with pronounced climatic gradients rate changes caused by the oscillating efficiency in rainfall, runoff, and/or sediment transport and deposition are still not well-constrained. To explore landscape responses under variable climatic forcing, we evaluate time windows of prevailing sediment aggradation and related paleo-erosion rates from the southern flanks of the Dhauladhar Range in the western Himalaya. We compare past and present Be-10-derived erosion rates of well-dated Late Pleistocene fluvial landforms and modern river sediments and reconstruct the sediment aggradation and incision history based on new luminescence data. Our results document significant variations in erosion rates ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene. We find that, during times of weak monsoon intensity, the moderately steep areas (hillslope angles of 27 +/- 13 degrees) erode at lower rates of 0.1-0.4 mm/yr compared to steeper (>40 degrees) crestal regions of the Dhauladhar Range that erode at 0.8-1.3 mm/yr. In contrast, during several millennia of stronger monsoon intensity, both the moderately steep and high slope areas record higher erosion rates (>1-3.4 mm/yr). Lithological clast-count analysis shows that this increase of erosion is focused in the moderately steep areas, where Lesser Himalayan rocks are exposed. Our data thus highlight the highly non-linear response of climatic forcing on landscape evolution and suggest complex depositional processes and sedimentary signals in downstream areas. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BicerBrinkCamacho2022, author = {Bicer, Enis and Brink, Lina and Camacho, Alejandra Nieves}, title = {The construction of threat of "Islamist Terrorism" in German newspapers}, series = {Discourse, media, and conflict: examining war and resolution in the news}, booktitle = {Discourse, media, and conflict: examining war and resolution in the news}, editor = {Chiluwa, Innocent}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-316-51340-8}, doi = {10.1017/9781009064057.004}, pages = {47 -- 68}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Media discourse about Islamist terrorism can be understood as an important source for the construction of meaning and reality. This chapter aims to explore the different meanings of threat constituted by the media discourse about Islamist terrorism. Additionally, it seeks to shed light on the role of anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism in the discursive construction of meaning and knowledge. Therefore, this study examines the discourse on three terrorist events from the years 2015 and 2016 gathered from four major German newspapers. By applying the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD), the findings reveal three interpretive schemes about threats associated with Islamist terrorism and their different references to anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism.}, language = {en} } @article{LeidigCasaleWilbertetal.2022, author = {Leidig, Tatjana and Casale, Gino and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Hennemann, Thomas and Volpe, Robert J. and Briesch, Amy and Grosche, Michael}, title = {Individual, generalized, and moderated effects of the good behavior game on at-risk primary school students}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2022.917138}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The current study examined the impact of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on the academic engagement (AE) and disruptive behavior (DB) of at-risk students' in a German inclusive primary school sample using behavioral progress monitoring. A multiple baseline design across participants was employed to evaluate the effects of the GBG on 35 primary school students in seven classrooms from grade 1 to 3 (M-age = 8.01 years, SDage = 0.81 years). The implementation of the GBG was randomly staggered by 2 weeks across classrooms. Teacher-completed Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) was applied to measure AE and DB. We used piecewise regression and a multilevel extension to estimate the individual case-specific treatment effects as well as the generalized effects across cases. Piecewise regressions for each case showed significant immediate treatment effects for the majority of participants (82.86\%) for one or both outcome measures. The multilevel approach revealed that the GBG improved at-risk students' classroom behaviors generally with a significant immediate treatment effect across cases (for AE, B = 0.74, p < 0.001; for DB, B = -1.29, p < 0.001). The moderation between intervention effectiveness and teacher ratings of students' risks for externalizing psychosocial problems was significant for DB (B = -0.07, p = 0.047) but not for AE. Findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that the GBG is an appropriate classroom-based intervention for at-risk students and expand the literature regarding differential effects for affected students. In addition, the study supports the relevance of behavioral progress monitoring and data-based decision-making in inclusive schools in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the GBG and, if necessary, to modify the intervention for individual students or the whole group.}, language = {en} } @article{FiggeDimitrovSchlosseretal.2022, author = {Figge, Frank and Dimitrov, Stanko and Schlosser, Rainer and Chenavaz, Regis}, title = {Does the circular economy fuel the throwaway society? The role of opportunity costs for products that lose value over time}, series = {Journal of cleaner production}, volume = {368}, journal = {Journal of cleaner production}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0959-6526}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133207}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The efficient use of natural resources is considered a necessary condition for their sustainable use. Extending the lifetime of products and using resources circularly are two popular strategies to increase the efficiency of resource use. Both strategies are usually assumed to contribute to the eco-efficiency of resource use independently. We argue that a move to a circular economy creates opportunity costs for consumers holding on to their products, due to the resource embedded in the product. Assuming rational consumers, we develop a model that determines optimal replacement times for products subject to minimizing average costs over time. We find that in a perfectly circular economy, consumers are incentivized to discard their products more quickly than in a perfectly linear economy. A direct consequence of our finding is that extending product use is in direct conflict with closing resource loops in the circular economy. We identify the salvage value of discarded products and technical progress as two factors that determine the impact that closing resource loops has on the duration of product use. The article highlights the risk that closing resource loops and moving to a more circular economy incentivizes more unsustainable behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{NikolenkoStepanovRoddatisetal.2022, author = {Nikolenko, Anna M. M. and Stepanov, Konstantin M. M. and Roddatis, Vladimir and Veksler, Ilya V. V.}, title = {Crystallization of bastnasite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at 100 MPa}, series = {American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials}, volume = {107}, journal = {American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials}, number = {12}, publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, issn = {0003-004X}, doi = {10.2138/am-2022-8064}, pages = {2242 -- 2250}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bastnsite [REE(CO3)F] is the main mineral of REE ore deposits in carbonatites. Synthetic bastnsite-like compounds were precipitated from aqueous solutions by many different methods, but previous attempts to model magmatic crystallization of bastnsite from hydrous calciocarbonatite melts were unsuccessful. Here we present the first experimental evidence that bastnsite and two other REE carbonates, burbankite, and lukechangite, can crystallize from carbonatite melt in the synthetic system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at temperatures between 580 and 850 degrees C and a pressure 100 MPa. The experiments on starting mixtures of reagent-grade CaCO3, Na2CO3, La-2(CO3)(3), and LaF3 were carried out in cold-seal rapid-quench pressure vessels. The studied system is an isobaric pseudoternary join of a quinary system where CO2 and fluorides act as independent components. Liquidus phases in the run products are calcite, nyerereite, Na carbonate, bastnsite, burbankite solid solution (Na,Ca)(3)(Ca,La)(3)(CO3)(5), and lukechangite Na3La2(CO3)(4)F. Calcite and bastnite form a eutectic in the boundary join La(CO3)F-CaCO3 at 780 +/- 20 degrees C and 58 wt\% La(CO3)F. Phase equilibria in the boundary join La(CO3)F-Na2CO3 are complicated by peritectic reaction between Ca-free end-member of burbankite solid solution petersenite (Pet) and lukechangite (Luk) with liquid (L): Na4La2(CO3)(5) (Pet) + NaF (L) = Na3La2(CO3)(4)F (Luk) + Na2CO3 (Nc). The right-hand-side assemblage becomes stable below 600 +/- 20 degrees C. In ternary mixtures, bastnsite (Bst), burbankite (Bur), and calcite (Cc) are involved in another peritectic reaction: 2La(CO3)F (Bst) + CaCO3 (Cc) + 2Na(2)CO(3) (L) = Na2CaLa2(CO3)(5) (Bur) + 2NaF (L). Burbankite in equilibrium with calcite replaces bastnsite below 730 +/- 20 degrees C. Stable solidus assemblages in the pseudoternary system are: basnsite-burbankite-fluorite-calcite, basnasite-burbankite-fluorite-lukechangite, bastnsite-burbankite-lukechangite, burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereitecalcite, and burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereite-natrite. Addition of 10 wt\% Ca-3(PO4)(2) to one of the ternary mixtures resulted in massive crystallization of La-bearing apatite and monazite and complete disappearance of bastnsite and burbankite. Our results confirm that REE-bearing phosphates are much more stable than carbonates and fluorocarbonates. Therefore, primary crystallization of the latter from common carbonatite magmas is unlikely. Possible exceptions are carbonatites at Mountain Pass that are characterized by very low P2O5 concentrations (usually at or below 0.5 wt\%) and extremely high REE contents in the order of a few weight percent or more. In other carbonatites, bastnsite and burbankite probably crystallized from highly concentrated alkaline carbonate-chloride brines that were found in melt inclusions and are thought to be responsible for widespread fenitization around carbonatite bodies.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachs2021, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {The buffering effect of parent social support in the longitudinal associations between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes}, series = {Social psychology of education : an international journal}, volume = {24}, journal = {Social psychology of education : an international journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1381-2890}, doi = {10.1007/s11218-021-09647-6}, pages = {1145 -- 1161}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objective: Little attention has been given to the relationship between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes (e.g., classroom misconduct, school readiness, academic performance, absenteeism, school behavioral problems), and the factors, such as parent social support, that buffer against the negative outcomes associated with experiencing multiple forms of victimization. Addressing gaps in the literature by including a longitudinal design and objective assessments of academic outcomes, the present study examined the moderating effect of parent social support in the association between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes over one and a half years later. Method: Participants were 371 8th graders (50\% female) from middle schools in the United States, who completed questionnaires on offline and cyber polyvictimization and parent social support during the 7th grade. Teachers completed questionnaires on students' classroom misconduct and school readiness during 7th and 8th grade. School records were used to determine absenteeism, academic performance, and school behavioral problems (i.e., referrals, in-school suspension, out-of-school suspension) during 7th and 8th grade. Results: Findings revealed that 7th grade cyber polyvictimization was related positively to 8th grade classroom misconduct, absenteeism, and school behavioral problems, while it was negatively associated with 8th grade academic performance and school readiness. Parent social support moderated the associations between cyber polyvictimization and school readiness, academic performance, and absenteeism. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of intervening in adolescents' experience of cyber polyvictimization to reduce negative academic outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{BalcerekBurneckiThapaetal.2022, author = {Balcerek, Michal and Burnecki, Krzysztof and Thapa, Samudrajit and Wylomanska, Agnieszka and Chechkin, Aleksei}, title = {Fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst exponent}, series = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, volume = {32}, journal = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Woodbury, NY}, issn = {1054-1500}, doi = {10.1063/5.0101913}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Fractional Brownian motion, a Gaussian non-Markovian self-similar process with stationary long-correlated increments, has been identified to give rise to the anomalous diffusion behavior in a great variety of physical systems. The correlation and diffusion properties of this random motion are fully characterized by its index of self-similarity or the Hurst exponent. However, recent single-particle tracking experiments in biological cells revealed highly complicated anomalous diffusion phenomena that cannot be attributed to a class of self-similar random processes. Inspired by these observations, we here study the process that preserves the properties of the fractional Brownian motion at a single trajectory level; however, the Hurst index randomly changes from trajectory to trajectory. We provide a general mathematical framework for analytical, numerical, and statistical analysis of the fractional Brownian motion with the random Hurst exponent. The explicit formulas for probability density function, mean-squared displacement, and autocovariance function of the increments are presented for three generic distributions of the Hurst exponent, namely, two-point, uniform, and beta distributions. The important features of the process studied here are accelerating diffusion and persistence transition, which we demonstrate analytically and numerically.}, language = {en} } @article{LilienkampLilienkamp2021, author = {Lilienkamp, Henning and Lilienkamp, Thomas}, title = {Detecting spiral wave tips using deep learning}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-99069-3}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The chaotic spatio-temporal electrical activity during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation is governed by the dynamics of vortex-like spiral or scroll waves. The organizing centers of these waves are called wave tips (2D) or filaments (3D) and they play a key role in understanding and controlling the complex and chaotic electrical dynamics. Therefore, in many experimental and numerical setups it is required to detect the tips of the observed spiral waves. Most of the currently used methods significantly suffer from the influence of noise and are often adjusted to a specific situation (e.g. a specific numerical cardiac cell model). In this study, we use a specific type of deep neural networks (UNet), for detecting spiral wave tips and show that this approach is robust against the influence of intermediate noise levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the UNet is trained with a pool of numerical cell models, spiral wave tips in unknown cell models can also be detected reliably, suggesting that the UNet can in some sense learn the concept of spiral wave tips in a general way, and thus could also be used in experimental situations in the future (ex-vivo, cell-culture or optogenetic experiments).}, language = {en} } @article{KawasakiAkamatsuFujiwaraetal.2022, author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Fujiwara, Yoko and Omori, Mika and Sugawara, Masumi and Yamazaki, Yoko and Matsumoto, Satoko and Iwakabe, Shigeru and Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki}, title = {Association of healthy eating literacy and resident status with energy, nutrients, and food consumption among lean and normal-weight female university students}, series = {Clinical Nutrition ESPEN}, volume = {51}, journal = {Clinical Nutrition ESPEN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2405-4577}, doi = {10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.007}, pages = {419 -- 423}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background \& aims: This study aimed to describe the association of healthy eating literacy (HEL) with energy, nutrients, and food consumption in young women who had normal and lean weight at a Japanese university, considering their resident status. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Ochanomizu Health Study were used in this study. Participants answered a self-administered, two-part, anonymous survey in 2018 and 2019. A total of 203 female undergraduate students with lean and normal body mass index (BMI) were included in the analysis. Single and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of HEL and resident status with healthy food consumption, such as vegetables, fish, and shellfish. The dependent variables were HEL and resident status, and the covariates were age, BMI, and the total metabolic equivalents. Results: The median (25th and 75th percentiles) age, BMI, and total HEL score were 20 (19, 21) years, 20.2 (18.9, 21.3) kg/m 2, and 18 (16, 20), respectively. Resident status and HEL were independently associated with vegetables, fish, and shellfish intake. Participants who had higher total HEL scores and lived in their family home consumed significantly more vegetables (b = 0.17 and-0.34, p < 0.05) and fish and shellfish (b = 0.24,-0.28, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the association between HEL and dietary consumption in young women with normal and lean BMI.}, language = {en} } @article{FornieriZhang2022, author = {Fornieri, Ottavio and Zhang, Heshou}, title = {MHD decomposition explains diffuse 𝛾-ray emission in Cygnus X}, series = {Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology}, volume = {106}, journal = {Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {Ridge, NY}, issn = {2470-0010}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.106.103015}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion is the result of the interaction of such charged particles against magnetic fluctuations. These fluctuations originate from large-scale turbulence cascading toward smaller spatial scales, decomposed into three different modes, as described by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. As a consequence, the description of particle diffusion strongly depends on the model describing the injected turbulence. Moreover, the amount of energy assigned to each of the three modes is, in general, not equally divided, which implies that diffusion properties might be different from one region to another. Here, motivated by the detection of different MHD modes inside the Cygnus-X star-forming region, we study the 3D transport of CRs injected by two prominent sources within a two-zone model that represents the distribution of the modes. Then, by convolving the propagated CR distribution with the neutral gas, we are able to explain the 𝛾-ray diffuse emission in the region, observed by the Fermi-LAT and HAWC Collaborations. Such a result represents an important step in the long-standing problem of connecting the CR observables with the microphysics of particle transport.}, language = {en} } @article{TritschlerDelgadoLopezUmbachetal.2022, author = {Tritschler, Ulrich and Delgado L{\´o}pez, Jos{\´e} Manuel and Umbach, Tobias R. and Van Driessche, Alexander E. S. and Schlaad, Helmut and C{\"o}lfen, Helmut and Kellermeier, Matthias}, title = {Oriented attachment and aggregation as a viable pathway to self-assembled organic/inorganic hybrid materials}, series = {CrystEngComm}, volume = {24}, journal = {CrystEngComm}, number = {36}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {London}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/d2ce00447j}, pages = {6320 -- 6329}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic-inorganic composite materials with tailored properties can be designed in the lab through bioinspired approaches. In this context, we exploited the particle-based crystallisation process of calcium sulfate, a technologically important mineral, to hybridise inorganic and organic matter. We identified and synthesised an organic polymer showing strong affinity to bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors as well as intrinsic tendency to self-organise. Subsequently, polymer-coated building units were allowed to self-assemble via oriented attachment, aggregation and phase transformation, which produced ordered superstructures where the organic polymer is intercalated between the subunits and surrounds the hybrid core as a shell. This specific architecture across multiple length scales leads to unique mechanical properties, comparable to those of natural biominerals. Thus, our results devise a straightforward pathway to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid structures via bottom-up self-assembly processes innate to the crystallisation of the inorganic phase. This approach can likely be transferred to other inorganic minerals, affording next-generation materials for applications in the construction sector, biomedicine and beyond.}, language = {en} } @article{GlawKohlerHawlitscheketal.2021, author = {Glaw, Frank and Kohler, Jorn and Hawlitschek, Oliver and Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M. and Rakotoarison, Andolalao and Scherz, Mark D. and Vences, Miguel}, title = {Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9\% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles.}, language = {en} } @article{WicaksonoEgamberdievaBergetal.2022, author = {Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi and Egamberdieva, Dilfuza and Berg, Christian and Mora, Maximilian and Kusstatscher, Peter and Cernava, Tomislav and Berg, Gabriele}, title = {Function-based rhizosphere assembly along a gradient of desiccation in the former Aral Sea}, series = {mSystems}, volume = {7}, journal = {mSystems}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {2379-5077}, doi = {10.1128/msystems.00739-22}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities. Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways. In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights. By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages. In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria. The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin.}, language = {en} } @article{ObermannSanchezPastorWuetal.2022, author = {Obermann, Anne and Sanchez-Pastor, Pilar and Wu, Sin-Mei and Wollin, Christopher and Baird, Alan F. and Isken, Marius Paul and Clinton, John and Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. and Dahm, Torsten and W{\"u}stefeld, Andreas and Shi, Peidong and Lanza, Federica and Gyger, Lea and Wetter, Selina and Hjorleifsdottir, Vala and Langet, Nadege and Brynjarsson, Baldur and Jousset, Philippe and Wiemer, Stefan}, title = {Combined large-N seismic arrays and DAS fiber optic cables across the Hengill geothermal field, Iceland}, series = {Seismological research letters}, volume = {93}, journal = {Seismological research letters}, number = {5}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, issn = {0895-0695}, doi = {10.1785/0220220073}, pages = {2498 -- 2514}, year = {2022}, abstract = {From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets. Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail.}, language = {en} } @article{VyseHerzschuhPfalzetal.2021, author = {Vyse, Stuart A. and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Pfalz, Gregor and Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. and Diekmann, Bernhard and Nowaczyk, Norbert and Biskaborn, Boris K.}, title = {Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {18}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {16}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021}, pages = {4791 -- 4816}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.}, language = {en} } @article{AlemannoD'AmoreMaturillietal.2022, author = {Alemanno, Giulia and D'Amore, Maddalena and Maturilli, Alessandro and Helbert, Joern and Arnold, Gabriele and Korablev, Oleg and Ignatiev, Nikolay and Grigoriev, Alexei and Shakun, Alexey and Trokhimovskiy, Alexander}, title = {Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data}, series = {JGR / Planets}, volume = {127}, journal = {JGR / Planets}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9097}, doi = {10.1029/2022JE007429}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years.}, language = {en} } @article{SedaghatmehrStueweMuellerRoeberetal.2022, author = {Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh and St{\"u}we, Benno and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Balazadeh, Salma}, title = {Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6}, series = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {73}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, number = {18}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-0957}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erac257}, pages = {6394 -- 6404}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The transcription factor HSFA2 fine-tunes a balance between prolongation and resetting of thermomemory in Arabidopsis via the regulation of both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes. Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory.}, language = {en} } @article{SchachnerSchwarzenthalMoffittetal.2021, author = {Schachner, Maja K. and Schwarzenthal, Miriam and Moffitt, Ursula and Civitillo, Sauro and Juang, Linda}, title = {Capturing a nuanced picture of classroom cultural diversity climate}, series = {Contemporary educational psychology}, volume = {65}, journal = {Contemporary educational psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0361-476X}, doi = {10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101971}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {As cultural diversity is increasing around the globe, a more nuanced understanding of the cultural diversity climate in classroom settings is needed, including how its different aspects relate to student outcomes. We developed the Classroom Cultural Diversity Climate Scale (CCDCS), integrating theory and research from social psychology and multicultural education and including novel facets like polyculturalism, which has not been studied in the school context before. We then studied associations with intergroup relations, socio-emotional adjustment, and school achievement among students of immigrant and non-immigrant background at the individual and classroom levels. The scale includes six subscales in the two broad dimensions of equality and inclusion: contact and cooperation, (un)equal treatment, and color-evasion, and cultural pluralism: heritage and intercultural learning, critical consciousness, and polyculturalism. Using data from 1,335 secondary school students in Germany (Mage = 14.7; 51\% male; 51\% immigrant background), the scale demonstrated measurement invariance by immigrant background, gender, and school track, and reliability at individual and classroom levels. A more positive diversity climate, with better intercultural relations (equality and inclusion) and more opportunities to learn about cultural diversity (cultural pluralism), was associated with more positive student outcomes. Interestingly, polyculturalism was not associated with negative effects observed for other facets of cultural pluralism. Relations for different climate aspects also varied by outcome and students' immigrant background. This underscores the importance of a nuanced perspective when evaluating different approaches to cultural diversity in context.}, language = {en} } @article{JeitlerRothSteckhanetal.2022, author = {Jeitler, Michael and Roth, Sandra and Steckhan, Nico and Meier, Larissa and Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A. and Kandil, Farid and Ostermann, Thomas and Stange, Rainer and Kessler, Christian S. and Brinkhaus, Benno and Michalsen, Andreas}, title = {Therapeutic phlebotomy in patients with grade 1 hypertension: a randomized-controlled trial}, series = {Journal of integrative and complementary medicine}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of integrative and complementary medicine}, number = {6}, publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers}, address = {New Rochelle, NY}, issn = {2768-3605}, doi = {10.1089/jicm.2021.0396}, pages = {530 -- 539}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aim: Study aim was to investigate the effects of therapeutic phlebotomy on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with grade 1 hypertension. Methods: In this randomized-controlled intervention study, patients with unmedicated hypertension grade 1 were randomized into an intervention group (phlebotomy group; 500 mL bloodletting at baseline and after 6 weeks) and a control group (waiting list) and followed up for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was the 24-h ambulatory mean arterial pressure between the intervention and control groups after 8 weeks. Secondary outcome parameters included ambulatory/resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and selected laboratory parameters (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin). Resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure/heart rate and blood count were also assessed at 6 weeks before the second phlebotomy to ensure safety. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: Fifty-three hypertension participants (56.7 +/- 10.5 years) were included in the analysis (n = 25 intervention group, n = 28 control group). The ambulatory measured mean arterial pressure decreased by -1.12 +/- 5.16mmHg in the intervention group and increased by 0.43 +/- 3.82mmHg in the control group (between-group difference: -1.55 +/- 4.46, p = 0.22). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin showed more pronounced reductions in the intervention group in comparison with the control group, with significant between-group differences. Subgroup analysis showed trends regarding the effects on different groups classified by serum ferritin concentration, body mass index, age, and sex. Two adverse events (AEs) (anemia and dizziness) occurred in association with the phlebotomy, but no serious AEs. Conclusions: Study results showed that therapeutic phlebotomy resulted in only minimal reductions of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement values in patients with unmedicated grade 1 hypertension. Further high-quality clinical studies are warranted, as this finding contradicts the results of other studies.}, language = {en} } @article{HuelscherSobelVerwateretal.2021, author = {Huelscher, Julian and Sobel, Edward R. and Verwater, Vincent and Gross, Philip and Chew, David and Bernhardt, Anne}, title = {Detrital apatite geochemistry and thermochronology from the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine foreland record the early exhumation of the Tauern Window}, series = {Basin research}, volume = {33}, journal = {Basin research}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0950-091X}, doi = {10.1111/bre.12593}, pages = {3021 -- 3044}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single-grain double-dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U-Pb dating) with trace-element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic-reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6\% to 23\%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up-section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24\% to 38\%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare-earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U-Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40\% to 59\% up-section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10\%-27\%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace-element geochemistry and U-Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an >= upper amphibolite-facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age - probably the otztal-Bundschuh nappe system - accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29-27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3-0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System.}, language = {en} } @book{Nemtsov2024, author = {Nemtsov, Jascha}, title = {From St. Petersburg to Vienna}, series = {J{\"u}dische Musik - Studien und Quellen zur j{\"u}dischen Musikkultur}, volume = {17}, journal = {J{\"u}dische Musik - Studien und Quellen zur j{\"u}dischen Musikkultur}, publisher = {Harrassowitz}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-447-11105-8}, pages = {XVIII, 475}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The history of the so-called "New Jewish School" in music began in 1908 in St. Petersburg with the founding of the Society for Jewish Folk Music by students from the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The end of this movement came with the invasion of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, and the dissolution of the Vienna Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music later that year. The fascinating and dramatic history of the New Jewish School is the subject of this monograph, which summarizes the author's years of intensive international archival research. While many other national schools of music - such as the Russian, Czech or Hungarian - were able to develop freely and establish themselves in a favorable cultural environment, the Jewish school was violently suppressed. The reconstruction of its historical development in Russia and, after 1917, increasingly in other Eastern and Central European countries was first presented in German in 2004 and has since served as the basis for rediscovery of the valuable, highly original repertoire of New Jewish School composers. For this English-language publication, the entire book has been thoroughly revised and richly supplemented with extensive additional texts and materials.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Nemtsov2021, author = {Nemtsov, Jascha}, title = {Jakob Sch{\"o}nberg and Jewish art music in Southern Germany}, series = {J{\"u}dische Musik im s{\"u}ddeutschen Raum}, volume = {16}, booktitle = {J{\"u}dische Musik im s{\"u}ddeutschen Raum}, publisher = {Allitera Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-96233-273-0}, pages = {61 -- 78}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @incollection{Nemtsov2023, author = {Nemtsov, Jascha}, title = {Jewish music and totalitarianism in the post-stalinist Soviet Union}, series = {The Oxford handbook of Jewish music studies}, booktitle = {The Oxford handbook of Jewish music studies}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-0-19-752865-5}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197528624.013.12}, pages = {309 -- 335}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The years 1953 through the 1970s in the Soviet Union have been called the era of the "Jews of silence." And yet through various types of musical activities, certain parts of the Jewish population in the USSR were able to maintain a collective cultural identity in the public sphere. Captured as a musical community, this collectivity also extended to non-Jewish composers, musicians, and audiences. As such it thematicized, performed, represented, and received Jewishness, through Yiddish theater and songs, art music, and popular music. Concerts and works conceived for the Soviet stages demonstrate that Jewishness mattered, with music taking on new symbolism and becoming imbued with new meaning. This chapter focuses on the presence (and absence) of Jewish music in the public sphere, specifically in the concert hall and other stages in the post-Stalinist Soviet Union.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenSuLiuetal.2021, author = {Chen, Jialin and Su, Yingna and Liu, Rui and Kliem, Bernhard and Zhang, Qingmin and Ji, Haisheng and Liu, Tie}, title = {Partial eruption, confinement, and twist buildup and release of a double-decker filament}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics.}, volume = {923}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics.}, number = {2}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ba1}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We investigate the failed partial eruption of a filament system in NOAA AR 12104 on 2014 July 5, using multiwavelength EUV, magnetogram, and H alpha observations, as well as magnetic field modeling. The filament system consists of two almost co-spatial segments with different end points, both resembling a C shape. Following an ejection and a precursor flare related to flux cancellation, only the upper segment rises and then displays a prominent twisted structure, while rolling over toward its footpoints. The lower segment remains undisturbed, indicating that the system possesses a double-decker structure. The erupted segment ends up with a reverse-C shape, with material draining toward its footpoints, while losing its twist. Using the flux rope insertion method, we construct a model of the source region that qualitatively reproduces key elements of the observed evolution. At the eruption onset, the model consists of a flux rope atop a flux bundle with negligible twist, which is consistent with the observational interpretation that the filament possesses a double-decker structure. The flux rope reaches the critical height of the torus instability during its initial relaxation, while the lower flux bundle remains in stable equilibrium. The eruption terminates when the flux rope reaches a dome-shaped quasi-separatrix layer that is reminiscent of a magnetic fan surface, although no magnetic null is found. The flux rope is destroyed by reconnection with the confining overlying flux above the dome, transferring its twist in the process.}, language = {en} } @article{SilveriiMaccaferriRichteretal.2021, author = {Silverii, Francesca and Maccaferri, Francesco and Richter, Gudrun and Gonzalez Cansado, Borja and Wang, Rongjiang and Hainzl, Sebastian and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Poroelastic model in a vertically sealed gas storage}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {227}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggab268}, pages = {1322 -- 1338}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated porepressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded.}, language = {en} } @article{Demske2022, author = {Demske, Ulrike}, title = {Variation across newspapers in Early Modern German}, series = {Journal of historical syntax}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of historical syntax}, publisher = {University of Konstanz}, address = {Konstanz}, issn = {2163-6001}, doi = {10.18148/hs/2022.v6i13-18.136}, pages = {1 -- 36}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The administrative language used in imperial and city chanceries illustrates formal language use in the Early Modern period, as most evident in its syntactic complexity. Since administrative language was considered prestigious by the literate people of the time, the syntactic features in question are increasingly found in other text types as well (L{\"o}tscher 1995, Schwitalla 2002). The present paper investigates early newspapers published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to evalute their degree of syntactic complexity and hence the extent of formal language used. Contrary to common belief (Admoni 1980, von Polenz 2013), it will be shown that early newspapers do not allow a uniform assessment in terms of their syntactic complexity, when they emerge as a new genre in the seventeenth century: some news segments display a fairly simple syntax, whereas others are of high syntactic complexity. By the end of the eighteenth century, the growing conventionalization of the new genre as well as the impact of standardization processes render newspapers much more balanced in terms of syntactic complexity. Unlike previous work on the syntactic complexity of newspaper language, the measurement of syntactic complexity takes into account not only sentence length and the relationship between independent and dependent clauses, but also the placement of adverbial clauses in relation to their associated clause.}, language = {en} } @article{BueyuekakpınarCescaHainzletal.2021, author = {B{\"u}y{\"u}kakp{\i}nar, P{\i}nar and Cesca, Simone and Hainzl, Sebastian and Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza and Heimann, Sebastian and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Reservoir-triggered earthquakes around the Atat{\"u}rk Dam (Southeastern Turkey)}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.663385}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Reservoir-triggered seismicity has been observed near dams during construction, impoundment, and cyclic filling in many parts of the earth. In Turkey, the number of dams has increased substantially over the last decade, with Ataturk Dam being the largest dam in Turkey with a total water capacity of 48.7 billion m(3). After the construction of the dam, the monitoring network has improved. Considering earthquakes above the long-term completeness magnitude of M-C = 3.5, the local seismicity rate has substantially increased after the filling of the reservoir. Recently, two damaging earthquakes of M-w 5.5 and M-w 5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Ataturk Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion. We find that water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. On the other hand, we find that the overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years. Additionally, we observe a progressive decrease of the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Our results indicate that the stressing rate finally focused on the region where the two damaging earthquakes occurred in 2017 and 2018.}, language = {en} } @article{GostkowskaLeknerKojdaHoffmannetal.2022, author = {Gostkowska-Lekner, Natalia and Kojda, Sandrino Danny and Hoffmann, Jan-Ekkehard and May, Manfred and Huber, Patrick and Habicht, Klaus and Hofmann, Tommy}, title = {Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids based on the conjugated polymer P3HT and mesoporous silicon}, series = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials}, volume = {343}, journal = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1387-1811}, doi = {10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.112155}, pages = {6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic-inorganic hybrids are a class of functional materials that combine favorable properties of their constituents to achieve an overall improved performance for a wide range of applications. This article presents the synthesis route for P3HT-porous silicon hybrids for thermoelectric applications. The conjugated polymer P3HT is incorporated into the porous silicon matrix by means of melt infiltration. Gravimetry, sorption isotherms and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping indicate that the organic molecules occupy more than 50\% of the void space in the inorganic host. We demonstrate that subsequent diffusion-based doping of the confined polymer in a FeCl3 solution increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid by five orders of magnitude compared to the empty porous silicon host.}, language = {en} } @article{BartschPointnerNitzeetal.2021, author = {Bartsch, Annett and Pointner, Georg and Nitze, Ingmar and Efimova, Aleksandra and Jakober, Dan and Ley, Sarah and H{\"o}gstr{\"o}m, Elin and Grosse, Guido and Schweitzer, Peter}, title = {Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts}, series = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8\%-48\% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78\%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47\% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15\% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31\% and 5\% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55\% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.}, language = {en} } @article{HofmannKojdaHaseebetal.2021, author = {Hofmann, Tommy and Kojda, Sandrino Danny and Haseeb, Haider and Wallacher, Dirk and Sobolev, Oleg and Habicht, Klaus}, title = {Phonons in highly-crystalline mesoporous silicon: the absence of phonon-softening upon structuring silicon on sub-10 nanometer length scales}, series = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : the official journal of the International Zeolite Association}, volume = {312}, journal = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : the official journal of the International Zeolite Association}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1387-1811}, doi = {10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110814}, pages = {7}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article presents inelastic thermal neutron scattering experiments probing the phonon dispersion in mesoporous silicon with pores 8 nm across. Scattering studies reveal the energy-momentum relation for transverse and longitudinal phonons along the high symmetry directions , and in the Brillouin zone. The dispersion up to phonon energies of 35 meV unambiguously proves that the phonon group velocities in highly-crystalline silicon are not modified by nanostructuring down to sub-10 nanometer length scales. On these length scales, there is apparently no effect of structuring on the elastic moduli of mesoporous silicon. No evidence can be found for phonon-softening in topologically complex, geometrically disordered mesoporous silicon putting it in contrast to silicon nanotubes and nanoribbons.}, language = {en} } @article{KellerCortinaMuelleretal.2022, author = {Keller, Lena and Cortina, Kai S. and M{\"u}ller, Katharina and Miller, Kevin F.}, title = {Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking}, series = {Instructional science : an international journal of learning and cognition}, volume = {50}, journal = {Instructional science : an international journal of learning and cognition}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, issn = {0020-4277}, doi = {10.1007/s11251-021-09570-5}, pages = {251 -- 272}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers' professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers' professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers' lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{RoeserDragerBrykalaetal.2021, author = {Roeser, Patricia and Drager, Nadine and Brykala, Dariusz and Ott, Florian and Pinkerneil, Sylvia and Gierszewski, Piotr and Lindemann, Christin and Plessen, Birgit and Brademann, Brian and Kaszubski, Michal and Fojutowski, Michal and Schwab, Markus J. and Slowinski, Michal and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Brauer, Achim}, title = {Advances in understanding calcite varve formation: new insights from a dual lake monitoring approach in the southern Baltic lowlands}, series = {Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research}, volume = {50}, journal = {Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {0300-9483}, doi = {10.1111/bor.12506}, pages = {419 -- 440}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We revise the conceptual model of calcite varves and present, for the first time, a dual lake monitoring study in two alkaline lakes providing new insights into the seasonal sedimentation processes forming these varves. The study lakes, Tiefer See in NE Germany and Czechowskie in N Poland, have distinct morphology and bathymetry, and therefore, they are ideal to decipher local effects on seasonal deposition. The monitoring setup in both lakes is largely identical and includes instrumental observation of (i) meteorological parameters, (ii) chemical profiling of the lake water column including water sampling, and (iii) sediment trapping at both bi-weekly and monthly intervals. We then compare our monitoring data with varve micro-facies in the sediment record. One main finding is that calcite varves form complex laminae triplets rather than simple couplets as commonly thought. Sedimentation of varve sub-layers in both lakes is largely dependent on the lake mixing dynamics and results from the same seasonality, commencing with diatom blooms in spring turning into a pulse of calcite precipitation in summer and terminating with a re-suspension layer in autumn and winter, composed of calcite patches, plant fragments and benthic diatoms. Despite the common seasonal cycle, the share of each of these depositional phases in the total annual sediment yield is different between the lakes. In Lake Tiefer See calcite sedimentation has the highest yields, whereas in Lake Czechowskie, the so far underestimated re-suspension sub-layer dominates the sediment accumulation. Even in undisturbed varved sediments, re-suspended material becomes integrated in the sediment fabric and makes up an important share of calcite varves. Thus, while the biogeochemical lake cycle defines the varves' autochthonous components and micro-facies, the physical setting plays an important role in determining the varve sub-layers' proportion.}, language = {en} } @article{KorovilaHoehnJungetal.2021, author = {Korovila, Ioanna and Hoehn, Annika and Jung, Tobias and Grune, Tilman and Ott, Christiane}, title = {Reduced liver autophagy in high-fat diet induced liver steatosis in New Zealand obese mice}, series = {Antioxidants : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Antioxidants : open access journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3921}, doi = {10.3390/antiox10040501}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a consequence of overnutrition caused by high-calorie diets, results in obesity and disturbed lipid homeostasis leading to hepatic lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets can impair hepatocellular function; therefore, it is of utmost importance to degrade these cellular structures. This requires the normal function of the autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. We demonstrated in NZO mice, a polygenic model of obesity, which were compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice, that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. This was accompanied by a loss of autophagy efficiency whereas the activity of lysosomal proteases and the 20S proteasome remained unaffected. The disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis was further demonstrated by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which are normally prone to degradation. Therefore, we conclude that fat accumulation in the liver due to a high-fat diet is associated with a failure of autophagy and leads to the disturbance of proteostasis. This might further contribute to lipid droplet stabilization and accumulation.}, language = {en} } @article{MohrMangaHelleetal.2021, author = {Mohr, Christian H. and Manga, Michael and Helle, Gerhard and Heinrich, Ingo and Giese, Laura and Korup, Oliver}, title = {Trees talk tremor-wood anatomy and δ13C content reveal contrasting tree-growth responses to earthquakes}, series = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Biogeosciences}, volume = {126}, journal = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Biogeosciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-8953}, doi = {10.1029/2021JG006385}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, raise groundwater levels, and thus grant plant roots more access to water in water-limited environments. We examine growth and photosynthetic responses of Pine plantations to the Maule M-w 8.8 earthquake in headwater catchments of Chile's Coastal Range. We combine high-resolution wood anatomic (lumen area) and biogeochemical (delta 13C of wood cellulose) proxies of daily to weekly tree growth sampled from trees on floodplains and close to ridge lines. We find that, immediately after the earthquake, at least two out of six tree trees on valley floors had increased lumen area and decreased delta 13C, while trees on hillslopes had a reverse trend. Our results indicate a control of soil water on this response, largely consistent with models that predict how enhanced postseismic vertical soil permeability causes groundwater levels to rise on valley floors, but fall along the ridges. Statistical analysis with boosted regression trees indicates that streamflow discharge gained predictive importance for photosynthetic activity on the ridges, but lost importance on the valley floor after the earthquake. We infer that earthquakes may stimulate ecohydrological conditions favoring tree growth over days to weeks by triggering stomatal opening. The weak and short-lived signals that we identified, however, show that such responses are only valid under water-limited, rather than energy-limited tree, growth. Hence, dendrochronological studies targeted at annual resolution may overlook some earthquake effects on tree vitality.}, language = {en} } @article{SprengelUlbrichtEvansetal.2021, author = {Sprengel, Maximilian and Ulbricht, Alexander and Evans, Alexander and Kromm, Arne and Sommer, Konstantin and Werner, Tiago and Kelleher, Joanne and Bruno, Giovanni and Kannengießer, Thomas}, title = {Towards the optimization of post-laser powder bed fusion stress-relieve treatments of stainless steel 316L}, series = {Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science}, volume = {52}, journal = {Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Boston}, issn = {1073-5623}, doi = {10.1007/s11661-021-06472-6}, pages = {5342 -- 5356}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The use of post-processing heat treatments is often considered a necessary approach to relax high-magnitude residual stresses (RS) formed during the layerwise additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, three heat treatment strategies using temperatures of 450 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C are applied to austenitic stainless steel 316L samples manufactured by LPBF. These temperatures encompass the suggested lower and upper bounds of heat treatment temperatures of conventionally processed 316L. The relaxation of the RS is characterized by neutron diffraction (ND), and the associated changes of the microstructure are analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower bound heat treatment variant of 450 degrees C for 4 hours exhibited high tensile and compressive RS. When applying subsequent heat treatments, we show that stress gradients are still observed after applying 800 degrees C for 1 hour but almost completely vanish when applying 900 degrees C for 1 hour. The observed near complete relaxation of the RS appears to be closely related to the evolution of the characteristic subgrain solidification cellular microstructure.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumasLeMoigneGareletal.2021, author = {Baumas, Chloe M. J. and Le Moigne, Fr{\´e}d{\´e}ric A. C. and Garel, Marc and Bhairy, Nagib and Guasco, Sophie and Riou, Virginie and Armougom, Fabrice and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Tamburini, Christian}, title = {Mesopelagic microbial carbon production correlates with diversity across different marine particle fractions}, series = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, volume = {15}, journal = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {Basingstoke}, issn = {1751-7362}, doi = {10.1038/s41396-020-00880-z}, pages = {1695 -- 1708}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The vertical flux of marine snow particles significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the mesopelagic zone, a large proportion of the organic carbon carried by sinking particles dissipates thereby escaping long term sequestration. Particle associated prokaryotes are largely responsible for such organic carbon loss. However, links between this important ecosystem flux and ecological processes such as community development of prokaryotes on different particle fractions (sinking vs. non-sinking) are yet virtually unknown. This prevents accurate predictions of mesopelagic organic carbon loss in response to changing ocean dynamics. Using combined measurements of prokaryotic heterotrophic production rates and species richness in the North Atlantic, we reveal that carbon loss rates and associated microbial richness are drastically different with particle fractions. Our results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between prokaryotic carbon losses and species richness. Such a trend may be related to prokaryotes detaching from fast-sinking particles constantly enriching non-sinking associated communities in the mesopelagic zone. Existing global scale data suggest this negative correlation is a widespread feature of mesopelagic microbes.}, language = {en} } @article{StolleMichaelisXiongetal.2021, author = {Stolle, Claudia and Michaelis, Ingo and Xiong, Chao and Rother, Martin and Usbeck, Thomas and Yamazaki, Yosuke and Rauberg, Jan and Styp-Rekowski, Kevin}, title = {Observing earth's magnetic environment with the GRACE-FO mission}, series = {Earth, planets and space : EPS}, volume = {73}, journal = {Earth, planets and space : EPS}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1880-5981}, doi = {10.1186/s40623-021-01364-w}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite's navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth's magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA's Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth's magnetic field, is mainly within +/- 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives.}, language = {en} } @article{CannoneGuglielminMalfasietal.2021, author = {Cannone, Nicoletta and Guglielmin, Mauro and Malfasi, Francesco and Hubberten, Hans Wolfgang and Wagner, Dirk}, title = {Rapid soil and vegetation changes at regional scale in continental Antarctica}, series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, volume = {394}, journal = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115017}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Antarctica is the last pristine environment on Earth, its biota being adapted to the harsh and extreme polar climate. Until now, soil formation and vegetation development in continental Antarctica were considered very slow due to the extreme conditions of this polar desert. Since the austral summer 2002/2003, a long-term monitoring network of the terrestrial ecosystems (soils, vegetation, active layer thickness) has been established at Victoria Land (VL) across a > 500 km latitudinal gradient of coastal sites (73 degrees -77 degrees S). In only one decade large ecosystem changes were detected. Climate was characterized by a significant increase of thawing degree days in northern VL and of autumn air temperature. No extreme climatic events (such as hot spells) where detected in the study period. Soil chemistry suffered large quantitative changes, clearly indicating rapid pedogenetic processes. In most soils the upper layers exhibited a strong alkalinization (pH increases up to 3 units) and increases in conductivity, anions and cations (in particular of SO4 and Na). The largest changes were observed in soils with low vegetation cover. Statistically significant differences in soil chemistry were detected between soils with high and low vegetation cover, the former showing lower pH, conductivity, Na and Cl. Most plots exhibited changes of total cover, species richness and floristic composition, with vegetation expansion in soils with low vegetation cover and the largest increase recorded at Apostrophe Island (northern VL). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the main trend of vegetation change, with a shift from lower to higher cover and a secondary trend of change associated with a gradient of water availability, consistent with an increase in water instead of snow. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified the trend of change in soil chemistry with increases in pH, conductivity, anions and cations associated with the concomitant decrease in C, N, NO3, PO4. The RDA confirmed that soil changes were associated with a gradient of vegetation change (from low to high cover) as well as of water availability, as already indirectly outlined by the PCA. Field manipulation experiments carried out at five locations of the network between 73 degrees S and 77 degrees S, simulating increases of precipitation from snow or water additions didn't induce changes in soil pH, indicating that pulse events of snow accumulation or melting could not trigger persistent soil pH changes. These data allow hypothesize the occurrence of a main ecosystem change occurring at regional scale at Victoria Land. The slight air warming and its consequences on soil chemistry and vegetation, further highlight the sensitivity of the fragile Antarctic ecosystems to the consequences of even small changes in climate.}, language = {en} } @article{SandifordBruneGlerumetal.2021, author = {Sandiford, Dan and Brune, Sascha and Glerum, Anne and Naliboff, John and Whittaker, Joanne M.}, title = {Kinematics of footwall exhumation at oceanic detachment faults: solid-block rotation and apparent unbending}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2021GC009681}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Seafloor spreading at slow rates can be accommodated on large-offset oceanic detachment faults (ODFs), that exhume lower crustal and mantle rocks in footwall domes termed oceanic core complexes (OCCs). Footwall rocks experience large rotation during exhumation, yet important aspects of the kinematics-particularly the relative roles of solid-block rotation and flexure-are not clearly understood. Using a high-resolution numerical model, we explore the exhumation kinematics in the footwall beneath an emergent ODF/OCC. A key feature of the models is that footwall motion is dominated by solid-block rotation, accommodated by the nonplanar, concave-down fault interface. A consequence is that curvature measured along the ODF is representative of a neutral stress configuration, rather than a "bent" one. Instead, it is in the subsequent process of "apparent unbending" that significant flexural stresses are developed in the model footwall. The brittle strain associated with apparent unbending is produced dominantly in extension, beneath the OCC, consistent with earthquake clustering observed in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.}, language = {en} } @article{AryaUmlandtJelkenetal.2021, author = {Arya, Pooja and Umlandt, Maren and Jelken, Joachim and Feldmann, David and Lomadze, Nino and Asmolov, Evgeny S. and Vinogradova, Olga I. and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {Light-induced manipulation of passive and active microparticles}, series = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter}, volume = {44}, journal = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1292-8941}, doi = {10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00032-x}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We consider sedimented at a solid wall particles that are immersed in water containing small additives of photosensitive ionic surfactants. It is shown that illumination with an appropriate wavelength, a beam intensity profile, shape and size could lead to a variety of dynamic, both unsteady and steady state, configurations of particles. These dynamic, well-controlled and switchable particle patterns at the wall are due to an emerging diffusio-osmotic flow that takes its origin in the adjacent to the wall electrostatic diffuse layer, where the concentration gradients of surfactant are induced by light. The conventional nonporous particles are passive and can move only with already generated flow. However, porous colloids actively participate themselves in the flow generation mechanism at the wall, which also sets their interactions that can be very long ranged. This light-induced diffusio-osmosis opens novel avenues to manipulate colloidal particles and assemble them to various patterns. We show in particular how to create and split optically the confined regions of particles of tunable size and shape, where well-controlled flow-induced forces on the colloids could result in their crystalline packing, formation of dilute lattices of well-separated particles, and other states.}, language = {en} } @article{KoteraAsanoKoteraetal.2022, author = {Kotera, Yasuhiro and Asano, Kenichi and Kotera, Hiromasa and Ohshima, Remi and Rushforth, Annabel}, title = {Mental health of Japanese workers: amotivation mediates self-compassion on mental health problems}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health = IJERPH}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health = IJERPH}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph191710497}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Workplace mental health is a cause for concern in many countries. Globally, 78\% of the workforce experienced impairment of their mental health in 2020. In Japan, more than half of employees are mentally distressed. Previously, research has identified that self-compassion (i.e., being kind and understanding towards oneself) and work motivation were important to their mental health. However, how these three components relate to each other remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health problems, self-compassion and work motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation). A cross-sectional design was employed, where 165 Japanese workers completed self-report scales regarding those three components. A correlation and path analyses were conducted. Mental health problems were positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with age and self-compassion. While intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation did not mediate the impact of self-compassion on mental health problems, amotivation did. The findings can help managers and organizational psychologists help identify effective approaches to improving work mental health.}, language = {en} } @article{CortezMarinJimenezetal.2022, author = {Cortez, Nicole and Marin, Victor and Jimenez, Veronica A. and Silva, Victor and Leyton, Oscar and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R. and Schmidt, Bernd and Heydenreich, Matthias and Burgos, Viviana and Duran, Paola and Paz, Cristian}, title = {Drimane sesquiterpene alcohols with activity against Candida yeast obtained by biotransformation with Cladosporium antarcticum}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms232112995}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Fungal biotransformation is an attractive synthetic strategy to produce highly specific compounds with chemical functionality in regions of the carbon skeleton that are not easily activated by conventional organic chemistry methods. In this work, Cladosporium antarcticum isolated from sediments of Glacier Collins in Antarctica was used to obtain novel drimane sesquiterpenoids alcohols with activity against Candida yeast from drimendiol and epidrimendiol. These compounds were produced by the high-yield reduction of polygodial and isotadeonal with NaBH4 in methanol. Cladosporium antarcticum produced two major products from drimendiol, identified as 9 alpha-hydroxydrimendiol (1, 41.4 mg, 19.4\% yield) and 3 beta-hydroxydrimendiol (2, 74.8 mg, 35\% yield), whereas the biotransformation of epidrimendiol yielded only one product, 9 beta-hydroxyepidrimendiol (3, 86.6 mg, 41.6\% yield). The products were purified by column chromatography and their structure elucidated by NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 was analyzed against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, showing that compound 2 has a MIC lower than 15 mu g/mL against the three-pathogenic yeast. In silico studies suggest that a possible mechanism of action for the novel compounds is the inhibition of the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, affecting the ergosterol synthesis.}, language = {en} } @article{SinghAllakaGuptaetal.2022, author = {Singh, Manudeo and Allaka, Satyasri and Gupta, Praveen K. and Patel, Jaiminkumar G. and Sinha, Rajiv}, title = {Deriving wetland-cover types (WCTs) from integration of multispectral indices based on Earth observation data}, series = {Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal devoted to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment}, volume = {194}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal devoted to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0167-6369}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-10541-7}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The wetland cover is defined as the spatially homogenous region of a wetland attributed to the underlying biophysical conditions such as vegetation, turbidity, hydric soil, and the amount of water. Here, we present a novel method to derive the wetland-cover types (WCTs) combining three commonly used multispectral indices, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDTI, in three large Ramsar wetlands located in different geomorphic and climatic settings across India. These wetlands include the Kaabar Tal, a floodplain wetland in east Ganga Plains, Chilika Lagoon, a coastal wetland in eastern India, and Nal Sarovar in semi-arid western India. The novelty of our approach is that the derived WCTs are stable in space and time, and therefore, a given WCT across different wetlands or within different zones of a large wetland will imply similar underlying biophysical attributes. The WCTs can therefore provide a novel tool for monitoring and change detection of wetland cover types. We have automated the proposed WCT algorithm using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment and by developing ArcGIS tools. The method can be implemented on any wetland and using any multispectral imagery dataset with visible and NIR bands. The proposed methodology is simple yet robust and easy to implement and, therefore, holds significant importance in wetland monitoring and management.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenGarbusowSeboldetal.2022, author = {Chen, Ke and Garbusow, Maria and Sebold, Miriam and Zech, Hilmar G. and Zimmermann, Ulrich and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {Automatic approach behaviors in alcohol dependence: does a cognitive bias modification training affect Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects?}, series = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)}, volume = {81}, journal = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)}, number = {5}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0302-282X}, doi = {10.1159/000526805}, pages = {387 -- 402}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.}, language = {en} } @article{TrepkaKellerKrautloheretal.2022, author = {Trepka, Heiko and Keller, Trevor and Krautloher, Maximilian Josef and Xu, J. and Habicht, Klaus and B{\"o}hm, Martin and Keimer, Bernhard and Hepting, Matthias}, title = {Critical magnetic fluctuations in the layered ruthenates Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7}, series = {Physical Review Research / American Physical Society}, volume = {4}, journal = {Physical Review Research / American Physical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2643-1564}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023181}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Materials realizing the XY model in two dimensions are sparse. Here we use neutron triple-axis spectroscopy to investigate the critical static and dynamical magnetic fluctuations in the square-lattice antiferromagnets Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7. We probe the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensity, the Q width, the amplitude, and the energy width of the magnetic diffuse scattering in the vicinity of the Neel temperature T-N to determine the critical behavior of the magnetic order parameter M, correlation length xi, susceptibility chi, and the characteristic energy Gamma with the corresponding critical exponents beta, nu, gamma, and z, respectively. We find that the critical behaviors of the single-layer compound Ca2RuO4 follow universal scaling laws that are compatible with predictions of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model. The bilayer compound Ca3Ru2O7 is only partly consistent with the 2D XY theory and best described by the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model, which is likely a consequence of the intrabilayer exchange interactions in combination with an orthorhombic single-ion anisotropy. Hence, our results suggest that layered ruthenates are promising solid-state platforms for research on the 2D XY model and the effects of 3D interactions and additional spin-space anisotropies on the magnetic fluctuations.}, language = {en} } @article{GilCoullJonasetal.2022, author = {Gil, Carla Igual and Coull, Bethany M. and Jonas, Wenke and Lippert, Rachel N. and Klaus, Susanne and Ost, Mario}, title = {Mitochondrial stress-induced GFRAL signaling controls diurnal food intake and anxiety-like behavior}, series = {Life Science Alliance}, volume = {5}, journal = {Life Science Alliance}, number = {11}, publisher = {EMBO Press}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {2575-1077}, doi = {10.26508/lsa.202201495}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial stressinduced cytokine that modulates energy balance in an endocrine manner. However, the importance of its brainstem-restricted receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) to mediate endocrine GDF15 signaling to the brain uponmitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. Using a mouse model with muscle-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, we here show that GFRAL is required for activation of systemic energy metabolism via daytime-restricted anorexia but not responsible for muscle wasting. We further find that muscle mitochondrial stress response involves a GFRAL-dependent induction of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, without elevated corticosterone levels. Finally, we identify that GFRAL signaling governs an anxiety-like behavior in male mice with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, with females showing a less robust GFRAL-dependent anxiety-like phenotype. Together, we here provide novel evidence of a mitochondrial stress-induced muscle-brain crosstalk via the GDF15-GFRAL axis to modulate food intake and anxiogenic behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{PfrommerWerhahnPakmoretal.2022, author = {Pfrommer, Christoph and Werhahn, Maria and Pakmor, Rudiger and Girichidis, Philipp and Simpson, Christine M.}, title = {Simulating radio synchrotron emission in star-forming galaxies}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {515}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac1808}, pages = {4229 -- 4264}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In star-forming galaxies, the far-infrared (FIR) and radio-continuum luminosities obey a tight empirical relation over a large range of star-formation rates (SFR). To understand the physics, we examine magnetohydrodynamic galaxy simulations, which follow the genesis of cosmic ray (CR) protons at supernovae and their advective and anisotropic diffusive transport. We show that gravitational collapse of the proto-galaxy generates a corrugated accretion shock, which injects turbulence and drives a small-scale magnetic dynamo. As the shock propagates outwards and the associated turbulence decays, the large velocity shear between the supersonically rotating cool disc with respect to the (partially) pressure-supported hot circumgalactic medium excites Kelvin-Helmholtz surface and body modes. Those interact non-linearly, inject additional turbulence and continuously drive multiple small-scale dynamos, which exponentially amplify weak seed magnetic fields. After saturation at small scales, they grow in scale to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies in Milky Way-mass galaxies. In small galaxies, the magnetic energy saturates at the turbulent energy while it fails to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies. We solve for steady-state spectra of CR protons, secondary electrons/positrons from hadronic CR-proton interactions with the interstellar medium, and primary shock-accelerated electrons at supernovae. The radio-synchrotron emission is dominated by primary electrons, irradiates the magnetized disc and bulge of our simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy and weakly traces bubble-shaped magnetically loaded outflows. Our star-forming and star-bursting galaxies with saturated magnetic fields match the global FIR-radio correlation (FRC) across four orders of magnitude. Its intrinsic scatter arises due to (i) different magnetic saturation levels that result from different seed magnetic fields, (ii) different radio synchrotron luminosities for different specific SFRs at fixed SFR, and (iii) a varying radio intensity with galactic inclination. In agreement with observations, several 100-pc-sized regions within star-forming galaxies also obey the FRC, while the centres of starbursts substantially exceed the FRC.}, language = {en} } @article{HirschbergBauerKamhiehMilzetal.2022, author = {Hirschberg, Stefan and Bauer, Hannes and Kamhieh-Milz, Julian and Ringel, Frauke and Harms, Christoph and Eddin, Omar Kamal and Pruss, Axel and Hanack, Katja and Schulze-Forster, Kai}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) specifically detect humoral immune reactions in an ELISA-Based Platform}, series = {Antibodies}, volume = {11}, journal = {Antibodies}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4468}, doi = {10.3390/antib11040076}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy subjects, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and forty-four samples more than three weeks after infection. All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein. Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5\% and a specificity of 100\% for the certified IVD. There were seven samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA demonstrated a superior performance, with a sensitivity of 97.5\%, a specificity of 100\%, and only three uncertain outcomes. This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen.}, language = {en} } @misc{VicenteAnnunziataSantelia2022, author = {Vicente, Ruben and Annunziata, Maria Grazia and Santelia, Diana}, title = {Editorial: Insights and regulation of plant carbon metabolism}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.1011224}, pages = {3}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{BrandtBeckerTetzneretal.2021, author = {Brandt, Naemi and Becker, Michael and Tetzner, Julia and Brunner, Martin and Kuhl, Poldi}, title = {What teachers and parents can add to personality ratings of children}, series = {European journal of personality / publ. for the European Association of Personality Psychology}, volume = {35}, journal = {European journal of personality / publ. for the European Association of Personality Psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {0890-2070}, doi = {10.1177/0890207020988436}, pages = {814 -- 832}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Adults' ratings of children's personality have been found to be more closely associated with academic performance than children's self-reports. However, less is known about the relevance of the unique perspectives held by specific adult observers such as teachers and parents for explaining variance in academic performance. In this study, we applied bifactor (S-1) models for 1411 elementary school children to investigate the relative merits of teacher and parent ratings of children's personalities for academic performance above and beyond the children's self-reports. We examined these associations using standardized achievement test scores in addition to grades. We found that teachers' unique views on children's openness and conscientiousness had the strongest associations with academic performance. Parents' unique views on children's neuroticism showed incremental associations above teacher ratings or self-reports. For extraversion and agreeableness, however, children's self-reports were more strongly associated with academic performance than teacher or parent ratings. These results highlight the differential value of using multiple informants when explaining academic performance with personality traits.}, language = {en} } @article{BrauerWulffPawelleketal.2022, author = {Brauer, Katharina and Wulff, Hagen and Pawellek, Sabine and Ziegeldorf, Alexandra}, title = {Network analysis for a community-based school- and family-based obesity prevention program}, series = {Healthcare : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Healthcare : open access journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9032}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10081501}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rising childhood obesity with its detrimental health consequences poses a challenge to the health care system. Community-based, multi-setting interventions with the participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders are emerging as promising. To gain insights into the structural and processual characteristics of stakeholder networks, conducting a network analysis (NA) is advisable. Within the program "Family+-Healthy Living Together in Families and Schools", a network analysis was conducted in two rural model regions and one urban model region. Relevant stakeholders were identified in 2020-2021 through expert interviews and interviewed by telephone to elicit key variables such as frequency of contact and intensity of collaboration. Throughout the NA, characteristics such as density, centrality, and connectedness were analyzed and are presented graphically. Due to the differences in the number of inhabitants and the rural or urban structure of the model regions, the three networks (network\#1, network\#2, and network\#3) included 20, 14, and 12 stakeholders, respectively. All networks had similar densities (network\#1, 48\%; network\#2, 52\%; network\#3, 42\%), whereas the degree centrality of network\#1 (0.57) and network\#3 (0.58) was one-third higher compared with network\#2 (0.39). All three networks differed in the distribution of stakeholders in terms of field of expertise and structural orientation. On average, stakeholders exchanged information quarterly and were connected on an informal level. Based on the results of the NA, it appears to be useful to initialize a community health facilitator to involve relevant stakeholders from the education, sports, and health systems in projects and to strive for the goal of sustainable health promotion, regardless of the rural or urban structure of the region. Participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders can have a positive influence on the effective dissemination of information and networking with other stakeholders.}, language = {en} } @article{PetersenCescaHeimannetal.2021, author = {Petersen, Gesa Maria and Cesca, Simone and Heimann, Sebastian and Niemz, Peter and Dahm, Torsten and Kuehn, Daniela and Kummerow, Jorn and Plenefisch, Thomas}, title = {Regional centroid moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Alps using the dense AlpArray seismic network}, series = {Solid earth : SE ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {12}, journal = {Solid earth : SE ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {6}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, organization = {Alparray AlpArray-Swath-D Working}, issn = {1869-9510}, doi = {10.5194/se-12-1233-2021}, pages = {1233 -- 1257}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Alpine mountains in central Europe are characterized by a heterogeneous crust accumulating different tectonic units and blocks in close proximity to sedimentary foreland basins. Centroid moment tensor inversion provides insight into the faulting mechanisms of earthquakes and related tectonic processes but is significantly aggravated in such an environment. Thanks to the dense AlpArray seismic network and our flexible bootstrap-based inversion tool Grond, we are able to test different setups with respect to the uncertainties of the obtained moment tensors and centroid locations. We evaluate the influence of frequency bands, azimuthal gaps, input data types, and distance ranges and study the occurrence and reliability of non-double-couple (DC) components. We infer that for most earthquakes (M-w >= 3.3) a combination of time domain full waveforms and frequency domain amplitude spectra in a frequency band of 0.02-0.07 Hz is suitable. Relying on the results of our methodological tests, we perform deviatoric moment tensor (MT) inversions for events with M-w > 3.0. Here, we present 75 solutions for earthquakes between January 2016 and December 2019 and analyze our results in the seismotectonic context of historical earthquakes, seismic activity of the last 3 decades, and GNSS deformation data. We study regions of comparably high seismic activity during the last decades, namely the Western Alps, the region around Lake Garda, and the eastern Southern Alps, as well as clusters further from the study region, i.e., in the northern Dinarides and the Apennines. Seismicity is particularly low in the Eastern Alps and in parts of the Central Alps. We apply a clustering algorithm to focal mechanisms, considering additional mechanisms from existing catalogs. Related to the N-S compressional regime, E-W-to-ENE-WSW-striking thrust faulting is mainly observed in the Friuli area in the eastern Southern Alps. Strike-slip faulting with a similarly oriented pressure axis is observed along the northern margin of the Central Alps and in the northern Dinarides. NW-SE-striking normal faulting is observed in the NW Alps, showing a similar strike direction to normal faulting earthquakes in the Apennines. Both our centroid depths and hypocentral depths in existing catalogs indicate that Alpine seismicity is predominantly very shallow; about 80\% of the studied events have depths shallower than 10 km.}, language = {en} } @article{MuldashevPerezGussinyeSobolev2022, author = {Muldashev, Iskander and Perez-Gussinye, Marta and Sobolev, Stephan}, title = {Modeling of continental normal fault earthquakes}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2022GC010615}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The magnitude of earthquakes on continental normal faults rarely exceeds 7.0 Mw. However, because of their vicinity to large population centers they can be highly destructive. Long recurrence time, relatively small deformations, and limited observations hinder our understanding of the deformation patterns and mechanisms controlling the magnitude of events. Here, this problem is addressed with 2D thermomechanical modeling of normal fault seismic cycles. The 2020 Samos, Greece Mw7.0 earthquake is used as an example as it is one of the largest and most studied continental normal fault earthquakes. The modeling approach employs visco-elasto-plastic rheology, compressibility, free surface, and a rate-and-state friction law for the fault. Modeling of the Samos earthquake suggests the pore fluid pressure ratio on the fault ranges from 0 to 0.7. The model demonstrates that most of the deformation during interseismic and coseismic periods, besides on the fault, occurs in the hanging wall and footwall below the seismogenic part of the fault. The largest vertical surface displacement during the earthquake is the subsidence of the hanging wall in the vicinity of the fault, while the uplift of the footwall and remote part of the hanging wall is significantly smaller. Modeling of the seismic cycles on normal faults with different setups shows the dependency of the magnitude on the thermal profile and dipping angle of the fault; low heat flow and low dipping angle are favorable conditions for the largest events, while steep normal faults in the areas of high heat flow tend to have the smallest magnitudes.}, language = {en} } @article{NitzeHeidlerBarthetal.2021, author = {Nitze, Ingmar and Heidler, Konrad and Barth, Sophia and Grosse, Guido}, title = {Developing and testing a deep learning approach for mapping retrogressive thaw slumps}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13214294}, pages = {23}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In a warming Arctic, permafrost-related disturbances, such as retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), are becoming more abundant and dynamic, with serious implications for permafrost stability and bio-geochemical cycles on local to regional scales. Despite recent advances in the field of earth observation, many of these have remained undetected as RTS are highly dynamic, small, and scattered across the remote permafrost region. Here, we assessed the potential strengths and limitations of using deep learning for the automatic segmentation of RTS using PlanetScope satellite imagery, ArcticDEM and auxiliary datasets. We analyzed the transferability and potential for pan-Arctic upscaling and regional cross-validation, with independent training and validation regions, in six different thaw slump-affected regions in Canada and Russia. We further tested state-of-the-art model architectures (UNet, UNet++, DeepLabv3) and encoder networks to find optimal model configurations for potential upscaling to continental scales. The best deep learning models achieved mixed results from good to very good agreement in four of the six regions (maxIoU: 0.39 to 0.58; Lena River, Horton Delta, Herschel Island, Kolguev Island), while they failed in two regions (Banks Island, Tuktoyaktuk). Of the tested architectures, UNet++ performed the best. The large variance in regional performance highlights the requirement for a sufficient quantity, quality and spatial variability in the training data used for segmenting RTS across diverse permafrost landscapes, in varying environmental conditions. With our highly automated and configurable workflow, we see great potential for the transfer to active RTS clusters (e.g., Peel Plateau) and upscaling to much larger regions.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmuthKhanyareeLangetal.2022, author = {Hohmuth, Nils and Khanyaree, Ifrah and Lang, Anna-Lena and Duering, Ohad and Konigorski, Stefan and Viskovic, Vukasin and Heising, Tobias and Egender, Friedemann and Remschmidt, Cornelius and Leistner, Rasmus}, title = {Participatory disease surveillance for a mass gathering}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC public health}, number = {1}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-14505-x}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Mass gatherings (MGs) such as music festivals and sports events have been associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. On-site research can foster knowledge of risk factors for infections and improve risk assessments and precautionary measures at future MGs. We tested a web-based participatory disease surveillance tool to detect COVID-19 infections at and after an outdoor MG by collecting self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and tests. Methods We conducted a digital prospective observational cohort study among fully immunized attendees of a sports festival that took place from September 2 to 5, 2021 in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Participants used our study app to report demographic data, COVID-19 tests, symptoms, and their contact behavior. This self-reported data was used to define probable and confirmed COVID-19 cases for the full "study period" (08/12/2021 - 10/31/2021) and within the 14-day "surveillance period" during and after the MG, with the highest likelihood of an MG-related COVID-19 outbreak (09/04/2021 - 09/17/2021). Results A total of 2,808 of 9,242 (30.4\%) event attendees participated in the study. Within the study period, 776 individual symptoms and 5,255 COVID-19 tests were reported. During the 14-day surveillance period around and after the MG, seven probable and seven PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases were detected. The confirmed cases translated to an estimated seven-day incidence of 125 per 100,000 participants (95\% CI [67.7/100,000, 223/100,000]), which was comparable to the average age-matched incidence in Germany during this time. Overall, weekly numbers of COVID-19 cases were fluctuating over the study period, with another increase at the end of the study period. Conclusion COVID-19 cases attributable to the mass gathering were comparable to the Germany-wide age-matched incidence, implicating that our active participatory disease surveillance tool was able to detect MG-related infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate and apply our participatory disease surveillance tool in other mass gathering settings.}, language = {en} } @article{PonsSobolevLiuetal.2022, author = {Pons, Micha{\"e}l and Sobolev, Stephan and Liu, Sibiao and Neuharth, Derek}, title = {Hindered trench migration due to slab steepening controls the formation of the Central Andes}, series = {JGR : Solid earth}, volume = {127}, journal = {JGR : Solid earth}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2022JB025229}, pages = {21}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The formation of the Central Andes dates back to similar to 50 Ma, but its most pronounced episode, including the growth of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within the last 25 Ma. The reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that the primary cause of the pulses of tectonic shortening and growth of the Central Andes is the changing geometry of the subducted Nazca plate, and particularly the steepening of the mid-mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down of the trench retreat and subsequent increase in shortening of the advancing South America plate. This steepening first happens after the end of the flat slab episode at similar to 25 Ma, and later during the buckling and stagnation of the slab in the mantle transition zone. Processes that mechanically weaken the lithosphere of the South America plate, as suggested in previous studies, enhance the intensity of the shortening events. These processes include delamination of the mantle lithosphere and weakening of foreland sediments. Our new modeling results are consistent with the timing and amplitude of the deformation from geological data in the Central Andes at the Altiplano latitude. Plain Language Summary The Central Andes is a subduction-type orogeny that formed as a result of the interaction between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate over the last 50 million years. Growth of the Andes is primarily the result of crustal shortening. Nevertheless, "geological" data compiled from previous studies have shown that phases of drastic pulsatile shortening occur at 15 and 5 Ma. In this study, we used high-resolution 2D numerical geodynamic simulations to investigate the link between oceanic and continental plate dynamics and their interaction. We find that when the oceanic plate steepens in the mantle transition zone, the trench retreat is hindered. Coupled with the weakening of the continental plate through the slab flattening and subsequent delamination of the lithospheric mantle, this leads to pulsatile shortening phases of a magnitude equivalent to that suggested by the data.}, language = {en} } @article{MunozWalterZornetal.2022, author = {Munoz, Valeria and Walter, Thomas R. and Zorn, Edgar U. and Shevchenko, Alina and Gonzalez, Pablo J. and Reale, Diego and Sansosti, Eugenio}, title = {Satellite radar and camera time series reveal transition from aligned to distributed crater arrangement during the 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain)}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {14}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs14236168}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Magma-filled dikes may feed erupting fissures that lead to alignments of craters developing at the surface, yet the details of activity and migrating eruptions at the crater row are difficult to monitor and are hardly understood. The 2021 Tajogaite eruption at the Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain), lasted 85 days and developed a pronounced alignment of craters that may be related to changes within the volcano edifice. Here, we use COSMO-SkyMed satellite radar data and ground-based time-lapse photographs, offering a high-resolution dataset to explore the locations and characteristics of evolving craters. Our results show that the craters evolve both gradually and suddenly and can be divided into three main phases. Phase 1, lasting the first 6 weeks of the eruption, was characterized by a NW-SE linear evolution of up to seven craters emerging on the growing cone. Following two partial collapses of the cone to the northwest and a seismicity increase at depth, Phase 2 started and caused a propagation of the main activity toward the southeastern side, together with the presence of up to 11 craters along this main NW-SE trend. Associated with strong deep and shallow earthquakes, Phase 3 was initiated and continued for the final 2 weeks of the eruption, expressed by the development of up to 18 craters, which became dominant and clustered in the southeastern sector in early December 2021. In Phase 3, a second and oblique alignment and surface fracture was identified. Our findings that crater and eruption changes coincide together with an increase in seismic activity at depth point to a deep driver leading to crater and morphology changes at the surface. These also suggest that crater distributions might allow for improved monitoring of changes occurring at depth, and vice versa, such that strong seismicity changes at depth may herald the migration and new formation of craters, which have major implications for the assessment of tephra and lava flow hazards on volcanoes.}, language = {en} } @article{MarinBartCortezetal.2022, author = {Marin, Victor and Bart, Bryan and Cortez, Nicole and Jim{\´e}nez, Ver{\´o}nica A. and Silva, Victor and Leyton, Oscar and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R. and Schmidt, Bernd and Heydenreich, Matthias and Burgos, Viviana and Paz, Cristian}, title = {Drimane sesquiterpene aldehydes control Candida yeast isolated from candidemia in Chilean patients}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {19}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms231911753}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Drimys winteri J.R. (Winteraceae) produce drimane sesquiterpenoids with activity against Candida yeast. In this work, drimenol, polygodial (1), isotadeonal (2), and a new drimane alpha,beta-unsaturated 1,4-dialdehyde, named winterdial (4), were purified from barks of D. winteri. The oxidation of drimenol produced the monoaldehyde drimenal (3). These four aldehyde sesquiterpenoids were evaluated against six Candida species isolated from candidemia patients in Chilean hospitals. Results showed that 1 displays fungistatic activity against all yeasts (3.75 to 15.0 mu g/mL), but irritant effects on eyes and skin, whereas its non-pungent epimer 2 has fungistatic and fungicide activities at 1.9 and 15.0 mu g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 were less active. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that compounds 1-4 are capable of binding to the catalytic pocket of lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase with similar binding free energies, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of action through the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. According to our findings, compound 2 appears as a valuable molecular scaffold to pursue the future development of more potent drugs against candidiasis with fewer side effects than polygodial. These outcomes are significant to broaden the alternatives to treat fungal infections with increasing prevalence worldwide using natural compounds as a primary source for active compounds.}, language = {en} } @article{DoepperJagdhuberHoltgraveetal.2022, author = {D{\"o}pper, Veronika and Jagdhuber, Thomas and Holtgrave, Ann-Kathrin and Heistermann, Maik and Francke, Till and Kleinschmit, Birgit and F{\"o}rster, Michael}, title = {Following the cosmic-ray-neutron-sensing-based soil moisture under grassland and forest}, series = {Science of remote Sensing}, volume = {5}, journal = {Science of remote Sensing}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2666-0172}, doi = {10.1016/j.srs.2022.100056}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Deriving soil moisture content (SMC) at the regional scale with different spatial and temporal land cover changes is still a challenge for active and passive remote sensing systems, often coped with machine learning methods. So far, the reference measurements of the data-driven approaches are usually based on point data, which entails a scale gap to the resolution of the remote sensing data. Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) indirectly provides SMC estimates of a soil volume covering more than 1 ha and vertical depth up to 80 cm and is thus able to narrow this scale gap. So far, the CRNS-based SMC has only been used as validation source of remote sensing based SMC products. Its beneficial large sensing volume, especially in depth, has not been exploited yet. However, the sensing volume of the CRNS, which is changing with hydrological conditions, bears challenges for the comparison with remote sensing observations. This study, for the fist time, aims to understand the direct linkage of optical (Sentinel 2) and SAR (Sentinel 1) data with CRNS-based SMC. Thereby, the CRNS-based SMC is obtained by an experimental CRNS cluster that covers the high temporal and spatial SMC variability of an entire pre-alpine subcatchment. Using different Random Forest regressions, we analyze the potentials and limitations of both remote sensing sensors to follow the CRNS-based SMC signal. Our results show that it is possible to link the CRNS-based SMC signal with SAR and optical remote sensing observations via Random Forest modelling. We found that Sentinel 2 data is able to separate wet from dry periods with a R2 of 0.68. It is less affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal and it is able to assign a land cover specific SMC distribution. However, Sentinel 2 regression models are not accurate (R2 < 0.21) in mapping the CRNSbased SMC for the frequently mowed grassland areas of the study site. It requires soil type and topographical information to accurately follow the CRNS-based SMC signal with Random Forest regression. Sentinel 1 data instead is affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal. It has reasonable model performance (R2 = 0.34) when the CRNS data correspond to surface SMC. Also for Sentinel 1 the retrieval is impacted by the mowing activities at the test site. When separating the CRNS data set into dry and wet periods, soil properties and topography are the main drivers of SMC estimation. Sentinel 1 or Sentinel 2 data add the existing temporal variability to the regression models. The analysis underlines the need of combining optical and SAR observations (Sentinel 1, Sentinel 2) as well as soil property and topographical information to understand and follow the CRNS-based SMC signal for different hydrological conditions and land cover types.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfLatićPolzenhagenetal.2024, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Latić, Denisa and Polzenhagen, Frank and Peters, Arne}, title = {World englishes and cultural linguistics}, series = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, volume = {43}, journal = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {1467-971X}, doi = {10.1111/weng.12655}, pages = {360 -- 378}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article explores the evolution of Cultural Linguistics, its fusion with Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and its application to the study of world Englishes, emphasising the cultural dimension of language and cognition. It investigates key theoretical concepts in Cultural Linguistics such as cultural categories, schemas, conceptualisations, keywords, models and scenarios as essential analytical tools for examining the interplay between thought, language and culture. Using examples from English varieties in sub-Saharan Africa, Great Britain, Ireland, India and Hong Kong, this article demonstrates how these conceptual phenomena interact at increasing levels of conceptual complexity. The discussion also distinguishes conceptual metaphor (and metonymy) from the somewhat problematic concept of 'cultural metaphor', previously used in some cultural-linguistic approaches to world Englishes. Finally, the article delves into Conceptual Blending Theory as a possible extension of Cultural Linguistics that synthesises diverse cultural knowledge to interpret culture-specific expressions in contemporary multilingual settings.}, language = {en} } @article{ErdmannSchillingHentscheletal.2022, author = {Erdmann, Nina and Schilling, Theresa and Hentschel, Julia and Lehmann, Thomas and von Bismarck, Philipp and Ankermann, Tobias and Duckstein, Franziska and Baier, Michael and Zagoya, Carlos and Mainz, Jochen G.}, title = {Divergent dynamics of inflammatory mediators and multiplex PCRs during airway infection in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy controls}, series = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.947359}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background In cystic fibrosis (CF), acute respiratory exacerbations critically enhance pulmonary destruction. Since these mainly occur outside regular appointments, they remain unexplored. We previously elaborated a protocol for home-based upper airway (UAW) sampling obtaining nasal-lavage fluid (NLF), which, in contrast to sputum, does not require immediate processing. The aim of this study was to compare UAW inflammation and pathogen colonization during stable phases and exacerbations in CF patients and healthy controls. Methods Initially, we obtained NLF by rinsing 10 ml of isotonic saline/nostril during stable phases. During exacerbations, subjects regularly collected NLF at home. CF patients directly submitted one aliquot for microbiological cultures. The remaining samples were immediately frozen until transfer on ice to our clinic, where PCR analyses were performed and interleukin (IL)-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8, neutrophil elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were assessed. Results Altogether, 49 CF patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) completed the study, and 214 NLF samples were analyzed. Of the 49 CF patients, 20 were at least intermittently colonized with P. aeruginosa and received azithromycin and/or inhaled antibiotics as standard therapy. At baseline, IL-6 and IL-8 tended to be elevated in CF compared to controls. During infection, inflammatory mediators increased in both cohorts, reaching significance only for IL-6 in controls (p=0.047). Inflammatory responses tended to be higher in controls [1.6-fold (NE) to 4.4-fold (MMP-9)], while in CF, mediators increased only moderately [1.2-1.5-fold (IL-6/IL-8/NE/TIMP-1/MMP-9)]. Patients receiving inhalative antibiotics or azithromycin (n=20 and n=15, respectively) revealed lower levels of IL-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8 and NE during exacerbation compared to CF patients not receiving those antibiotics. In addition, CF patients receiving azithromycin showed MMP-9 levels significantly lower than CF patients not receiving azithromycin at stable phase and exacerbation. Altogether, rhinoviruses were the most frequently detected virus, detected at least once in n=24 (49.0\%) of the 49 included pwCF and in n=26 (68.4\%) of the 38 healthy controls over the 13-month duration of the study. Remarkably, during exacerbation, rhinovirus detection rates were significantly higher in the HC group compared to those in CF patients (65.8\% vs. 22.4\%; p<0.0001). Conclusion Non-invasive and partially home-based UAW sampling opens new windows for the assessment of inflammation and pathogen colonization in the unified airway system.}, language = {en} } @article{LatićWolfPolzenhagenetal.2024, author = {Latić, Denisa and Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank and Peters, Arne}, title = {A research bibliography for world Englishes and Cultural Linguistics}, series = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, volume = {43}, journal = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1467-971X}, doi = {10.1111/weng.12654}, pages = {523 -- 531}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This research bibliography lists some of the hallmark works in the field of Cultural Linguistics and has an exclusive thematic focus on cultural-linguistic approaches to world Englishes. Therefore, other important and congenial works that have been published under the umbrella of, for example, Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) or deal with langauges other than English are excluded but can be found in the respective references of the individual contributions of this special issue. The research bibliography offers reference works for research strands of the world Englishes framework, such as English language teaching and language use in multicultural and multilingual contexts, as well as language use in the public space. Furthermore, with a collection of publications ranging from the 1980s to most recent state-of-the-art works from the year 2024, the authors identify trends and topical developments in the synthesized research of Cultural Linguistics and world Englishes and offer an outlook on new frontiers in this realm.}, language = {en} } @article{GholamrezaieScheckWenderothCacaceetal.2021, author = {Gholamrezaie, Ershad and Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena and Cacace, Mauro and Bott, Judith and Heidbach, Oliver and Bohnhoff, Marco and Strecker, Manfred R.}, title = {Lithospheric strength variations and seismotectonic segmentation below the Sea of Marmara}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {815}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228999}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Sea of Marmara is a tectonically active basin that straddles the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), a major strike-slip fault that separates the Eurasian and Anatolian tectonic plates. The Main Marmara Fault (MMF), which is part of the NAFZ, contains an approximately 150 km long seismotectonic segment that has not ruptured since 1766. A key question for seismic hazard and risk assessment is whether or not the next rupture along this segment is likely to produce one major earthquake or a series of smaller earthquakes. Geomechanical characteristics such as along-strike variations in rock strength may provide an important control on seismotectonic segmentation. We find that variations in lithospheric strength throughout the Marmara region control the mechanical segmentation of the MMF and help explain its long-term seismotectonic segmentation. In particular, a strong crust that is mechanically coupled to the upper mantle spatially correlates with aseismic patches, where the MMF bends and changes its strike in response to the presence of high-density lower crustal bodies. Between the bends, mechanically weaker crustal domains that are decoupled from the mantle indicate a predominance of creeping. These results are highly relevant for the ongoing debate regarding the characteristics of the Marmara seismic gap, especially in view of the seismic hazard (Mw > 7) in the densely populated Marmara region.}, language = {en} } @article{DreymannSabrowskiDansoetal.2022, author = {Dreymann, Nico and Sabrowski, Wiebke and Danso, Jennifer and Menger, Marcus}, title = {Aptamer-based sandwich assay formats for detection and discrimination of human high- and low-molecular-weight uPA for cancer prognosis and diagnosis}, series = {Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {14}, journal = {Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers14215222}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Simple Summary Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a widely discussed biomarker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. The gold standard for the determination of protein biomarkers in physiological samples is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, antibodies are used to detect the specific protein. In our study, recently published urokinase aptamers were tested for their use in a sandwich assay format as alternative specific recognition elements. Different aptamer combinations were used for the detection of uPA in a sandwich-assay format and a combination of aptamers and antibodies additionally allowed the differentiation of human high and low molecular weight- (HMW- and LMW-) uPA. Hence, uPA aptamers offer a valuable alternative as specific recognition elements for analytical purposes. Since aptamers are easy to synthesize and modify, they can be used as a cost-effective alternative in sandwich assay formats for the detection of uPA in physiological samples. Abstract Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a frequently discussed biomarker for prognosis, diagnosis, and recurrence of cancer. In a previous study, we developed ssDNA aptamers that bind to different forms of human urokinase, which are therefore assumed to have different binding regions. In this study, we demonstrate the development of aptamer-based sandwich assays that use different combinations of these aptamers to detect high molecular weight- (HMW-) uPA in a micro titer plate format. By combining aptamers and antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between HMW-uPA and low molecular weight- (LMW-) uPA. For the best performing aptamer combination, we calculated the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in spiked buffer and urine samples with an LOD up to 50 ng/mL and 138 ng/mL, respectively. To show the specificity and sequence dependence of the reporter aptamer uPAapt-02-FR, we have identified key nucleotides within the sequence that are important for specific folding and binding to uPA using a fluorescent dye-linked aptamer assay (FLAA). Since uPA is a much-discussed marker for prognosis and diagnosis in various types of cancers, these aptamers and their use in a micro titer plate assay format represent a novel, promising tool for the detection of uPA and for possible diagnostic applications.}, language = {en} } @article{BenZionDresen2022, author = {Ben-Zion, Yehuda and Dresen, Georg}, title = {A synthesis of fracture, friction and damage processes in earthquake rupture zones}, series = {Pure and applied geophysics}, volume = {179}, journal = {Pure and applied geophysics}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-022-03168-9}, pages = {4323 -- 4339}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We review properties and processes of earthquake rupture zones based on field studies, laboratory observations, theoretical models and simulations, with the goal of assessing the possible dominance of different processes in different parts of the rupture and validity of commonly used models. Rupture zones may be divided into front, intermediate, and tail regions that interact to different extents. The rupture front is dominated by fracturing and granulation processes and strong dilatation, producing faulting products that are reworked by subsequent sliding behind. The intermediate region sustains primarily frictional sliding with relatively high slip rates that produce appreciable stress transfer to the propagating front. The tail region further behind is characterized by low slip rates that effectively do not influence the propagating front, although it (and the intermediate region) can spawn small offspring rupture fronts. Wave-mediated stress transfer can also trigger failures ahead of the rupture front. Earthquake ruptures are often spatially discontinuous and intermittent with a hierarchy of asperity and segment sizes that radiate waves with different tensorial compositions and frequency bands. While different deformation processes dominating parts of the rupture zones can be treated effectively with existing constitutive relations, a more appropriate analysis of earthquake processes would require a model that combines aspects of fracture, damage-breakage, and frictional frameworks.}, language = {en} } @article{MetzVeraCarrilloPonceetal.2022, author = {Metz, Malte and Vera, Felipe and Carrillo-Ponce, Angela and Cesca, Simone and Babeyko, Andrey and Dahm, Torsten and Saul, Janet and Tilmann, Frederik J.}, title = {Seismic and tsunamigenic characteristics of a multimodal rupture of rapid and slow stages: the example of the complex 12 August 2021 South Sandwich Earthquake}, series = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Solid earth}, volume = {127}, journal = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Solid earth}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2022JB024646}, pages = {60}, year = {2022}, abstract = {On 12 August 2021, a > 220 s lasting complex earthquake with Mw > 8.2 hit the South Sandwich Trench. Due to its remote location and short interevent times, reported earthquake parameters varied significantly between different international agencies. We studied the complex rupture by combining different seismic source characterization techniques sensitive to different frequency ranges based on teleseismic broadband recordings from 0.001 to 2 Hz, including point and finite fault inversions and the back-projection of high-frequency signals. We also determined moment tensor solutions for 88 aftershocks. The rupture initiated simultaneously with a rupture equivalent to a M-w 7.6 thrust earthquake in the deep part of the seismogenic zone in the central subduction interface and a shallow megathrust rupture, which propagated unilaterally to the south with a very slow rupture velocity of 1.2 km/s and varying strike following the curvature of the trench. The slow rupture covered nearly two-thirds of the entire subduction zone length, and with M-w 8.2 released the bulk of the total moment of the whole earthquake. Tsunami modeling indicates the inferred shallow rupture can explain the tsunami records. The southern segment of the shallow rupture overlaps with another activation of the deeper part of the megathrust equivalent to M-w 7.6. The aftershock distribution confirms the extent and curvature of the rupture. Some mechanisms are consistent with the mainshocks, but many indicate also activation of secondary faults. Rupture velocities and radiated frequencies varied strongly between different stages of the rupture, which might explain the variability of published source parameters. Plain Language Summary The earthquake of 12 August 2021 along the deep-sea trench of the South Sandwich Islands in the South Atlantic reached a magnitude of 8.2 and triggered a tsunami. The automatic earthquake parameter determination of different agencies showed very different results shortly after the earthquake and partially underestimated the tsunami potential of the earthquake. A possible reason was the complex rupture process and that the tsunami was generated by a long and shallow slow slip rupture sandwiched between more conventional fast slip subevents at its northern and southern ends. In addition, the fault surface, which extended over 450 km, was highly curved striking 150 degrees-220 degrees. We investigated the different components of the seismic wavefields in different frequency ranges and with different methods. The analysis shows how even complex earthquakes can be deciphered by combining analyzing methods. The comparison with aftershocks and the triggered tsunami waves confirms our model that explains the South Sandwich rupture by four subevents in the plate boundary along the curved deep-sea trench. Here, the depth, rupture velocities, and slip on each segment of the rupture vary considerably. The method can also be applied to other megathrust earthquakes and help to further improve tsunami warnings in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{SinghalPahleKalkuhletal.2022, author = {Singhal, Puja and Pahle, Michael and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Levesque, Antoine and Sommer, Stephan and Berneiser, Jessica}, title = {Beyond good faith: why evidence-based policy is necessary to decarbonize buildings cost-effectively in Germany}, series = {Energy policy : the international journal of the political, economic, planning, environmental and social aspects of energy}, volume = {169}, journal = {Energy policy : the international journal of the political, economic, planning, environmental and social aspects of energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-4215}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113191}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The ambitious climate targets set by industrialized nations worldwide cannot be met without decarbonizing the building stock. Using Germany as a case study, this paper takes stock of the extensive set of energy efficiency policies that are already in place and clarifies that they have been designed "in good faith" but lack in overall effectiveness as well as cost-efficiency in achieving these climate targets. We map out the market failures and behavioural considerations that are potential reasons for why realized energy savings fall below expectations and why the household adoption of energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies has remained low. We highlight the pressing need for data and modern empirical research to develop targeted and cost-effective policies seeking to correct these market failures. To this end, we identify some key research questions and identify gaps in the data required for evidence-based policy.}, language = {en} } @article{SaidiBenAbderrahmanHackneyetal.2021, author = {Saidi, Karim and Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf and Hackney, Anthony C. and Bideau, Benoit and Zouita, Sghaeir and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Hematology, hormones, inflammation, and muscle damage in elite and professional soccer players}, series = {Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal}, volume = {51}, journal = {Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-021-01522-w}, pages = {2607 -- 2627}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background Knowledge of the long-term effects of soccer training on hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance may help to better design strength and conditioning programs for performance development and injury prevention for the individual player and the team. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and discuss evidence on the long-term effects of soccer training on selected hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in elite and professional soccer players. A second goal was to investigate associations between selected physiological markers and measures of performance. Methods Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until August 2020 to identify articles related to soccer training effects. To be included in this systematic review, studies had to examine male elite (national level) and/or professional (international level) soccer players aged > 17 years and a soccer training period > 4 weeks, and report outcomes related to hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, muscle damage, and performance markers. Results The search syntax initially identified 2420 records. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 eligible studies were included in this systematic review, with training durations lasting between 4 and 18 weeks in 15 studies, around 6 months in four studies, and around 1 year in one study. Effects of long-term soccer training revealed parameter-specific increases or decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance. Two studies showed a moderate increase in hematological markers such as hemoglobin (effect size [ES] = 0.67-0.93). Parameter-specific changes were noted for hormonal markers in the form of increases for total testosterone (ES = 0.20-0.67) and free testosterone (FT) (ES = 0.20-0.65) and decreases for cortisol (ES = - 0.28 to - 1.31). Finally, moderate to very large increases were found for muscle damage markers such as creatine kinase (ES = 0.94-6.80) and physical performance such as countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES = 0.50-1.11) and squat jump (SJ) height (ES = 0.65-1.28). After long-term periods of soccer training, significant positive correlations were found between percentage change (Delta\%) in FT and Delta\% in CMJ height (r = 0.94; p = 0.04) and between Delta\% in total testosterone/cortisol (TT/C) ratio and Delta\% in SJ (r = 0.89; p = 0.03). Conclusions Findings suggest that long-term soccer training induces increases/decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in male elite and professional soccer players. These fluctuations can be explained by different contextual factors (e.g., training load, duration of training, psychological factors, mood state). Interestingly, the observed changes in hormonal parameters (FT and TT/C) were related to vertical jump performance changes (e.g., CMJ and SJ). Anabolic hormones and TT/C can possibly be used as a tool to identify physical performance alteration after long-term soccer training.}, language = {en} } @article{MasanneckRolfesRegnerNelkeetal.2022, author = {Masanneck, Lars and Rolfes, Leoni and Regner-Nelke, Liesa and Willison, Alice and R{\"a}uber, Saskia and Steffen, Falk and Bittner, Stefan and Zipp, Frauke and Albrecht, Philipp and Ruck, Tobias and Hartung, Hans-Peter and Meuth, Sven G. and Pawlitzki, Marc}, title = {Detecting ongoing disease activity in mildly affected multiple sclerosis patients under first-line therapies}, series = {Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders}, volume = {63}, journal = {Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2211-0348}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2022.103927}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: The current range of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has placed more importance on the accurate monitoring of disease progression for timely and appropriate treatment decisions. With a rising number of measurements for disease progression, it is currently unclear how well these measurements or combinations of them can monitor more mildly affected RRMS patients. Objectives: To investigate several composite measures for monitoring disease activity and their potential relation to the biomarker neurofilament light chain (NfL) in a clearly defined early RRMS patient cohort with a milder disease course. Methods: From a total of 301 RRMS patients, a subset of 46 patients being treated with a continuous first-line therapy was analyzed for loss of no evidence of disease activity (lo-NEDA-3) status, relapse-associated worsening (RAW) and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), up to seven years after treatment initialization. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for time-to-event analysis. Additionally, a Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of NIL levels on outcome measures in this cohort. Results: In this mildly affected cohort, both lo-NEDA-3 and PIRA frequently occurred over a median observational period of 67.2 months and were observed in 39 (84.8\%) and 23 (50.0\%) patients, respectively. Additionally, 12 out of 26 PIRA manifestations (46.2\%) were observed without a corresponding lo-NEDA-3 status. Jointly, either PIRA or lo-NEDA-3 showed disease activity in all patients followed-up for at least the median duration (67.2 months). NfL values demonstrated an association with the occurrence of relapses and RAW. Conclusion: The complementary use of different disease progression measures helps mirror ongoing disease activity in mildly affected early RRMS patients being treated with continuous first-line therapy.}, language = {en} } @book{BacskaiAtkari2024, author = {Bacskai-Atkari, Julia}, title = {The syntax of functional left peripheries}, series = {Open Germanic Linguistics}, volume = {5}, journal = {Open Germanic Linguistics}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-96110-421-5}, issn = {2750-5588}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.8205597}, pages = {viii, 342}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This book provides a novel analysis for the syntax of the clausal left periphery, focusing on various finite clause types and especially on embedded clauses. It investigates how the appearance of multiple projections interacts with economy principles and with the need for marking syntactic information overtly. In particular, the proposed account shows that a flexible approach assuming only a minimal number of projections is altogether favourable to cartographic approaches. The main focus of the book is on West Germanic, in particular on English and German, yet other Germanic and non-Germanic languages are also discussed for comparative purposes.}, language = {en} } @article{TorousSternBourgeois2022, author = {Torous, John and Stern, Ariel D. and Bourgeois, Florence T.}, title = {Regulatory considerations to keep pace with innovation in digital health products}, series = {npj digital medicine}, volume = {5}, journal = {npj digital medicine}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited}, address = {Basingstoke}, issn = {2398-6352}, doi = {10.1038/s41746-022-00668-9}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rapid innovation and proliferation of software as a medical device have accelerated the clinical use of digital technologies across a wide array of medical conditions. Current regulatory pathways were developed for traditional (hardware) medical devices and offer a useful structure, but the evolution of digital devices requires concomitant innovation in regulatory approaches to maximize the potential benefits of these emerging technologies. A number of specific adaptations could strengthen current regulatory oversight while promoting ongoing innovation.}, language = {en} } @article{IrumGhaniSobeletal.2024, author = {Irum, Irum and Ghani, Humaad and Sobel, Edward and Zeilinger, Gerold and Altenberger, Uwe}, title = {Late oligocene to early pliocene exhumation and structural development in the western Himalaya, northern Pakistan}, series = {Lithosphere}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Lithosphere}, number = {1}, publisher = {GSA}, address = {Boulder}, issn = {1941-8264}, doi = {10.2113/2024/3252550}, pages = {15}, year = {2024}, abstract = {New middle Miocene to Pliocene (~14-3 Ma) apatite fission track (AFT) cooling ages combined with published K-Ar/Ar-Ar and zircon fission track (ZFT) ages from the Hazara and Swat regions of Pakistan are used to explain the Oligocene to Pliocene structural evolution in the Western Himalaya. The structural model explains the distribution of K-Ar/Ar-Ar ages in three distinct age groups (Proterozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Eocene to Oligocene). The Proterozoic to Mesozoic sequence of northern Hazara and Swat experienced elevated temperature and pressure conditions, evident by reset Eocene to Oligocene K-Ar/Ar-Ar hornblende and Eocene to Miocene muscovite ages, caused by Kohistan overthrusting the Indian margin during and after the India-Asia collision. Samples from the Indus syntaxis with Paleo to Mesoproterozoic K-Ar/Ar-Ar hornblende ages and Eocene to Oligocene Ar-Ar muscovite ages show no signs of Cenozoic metamorphism; these samples were thermally imprinted up to the Ar-Ar muscovite closure temperature. Neoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic rocks from the southern parts of Hazara and Swat show Mesozoic to Oligocene partially reset Ar-Ar muscovite ages and preservation of Ordovician metamorphism. The combined analysis of published K-Ar/Ar-Ar (muscovite), ZFT, and new AFT ages (~14-12 Ma) suggests that the Main Central thrust/Panjal thrust was active from Oligocene to early Miocene (~30-18 Ma), and the Nathia-Gali and Main Boundary thrusts were active from the middle to late Miocene (~14-9 Ma) in the Hazara area. New and published AFT ages (~6-3 Ma) from the Indus syntaxis suggest that early Pliocene tectonic thickening in the hinterland formed the N-S trending Indus anticline, creating an erosional half window in the Main Mantle thrust, forming the Indus syntaxis, and dividing the Main Central thrust sheet into the Hazara and Swat segments.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuermannDuttaEbeletal.2022, author = {Sch{\"u}rmann, Robin and Dutta, Anushree and Ebel, Kenny and Tapio, Kosti and Milosavljevic, Aleksander R. and Bald, Ilko}, title = {Plasmonic reactivity of halogen thiophenols on gold nanoparticles studied by SERS and XPS}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {157}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville, NY}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/5.0098110}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Localized surface plasmon resonances on noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) can efficiently drive reactions of adsorbed ligand molecules and provide versatile opportunities in chemical synthesis. The driving forces of these reactions are typically elevated temperatures, hot charge carriers, or enhanced electric fields. In the present work, dehalogenation of halogenated thiophenols on the surface of AuNPs has been studied by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a function of the photon energy to track the kinetics and identify reaction products. Reaction rates are found to be surprisingly similar for different halothiophenols studied here, although the bond dissociation energies of the C-X bonds differ significantly. Complementary information about the electronic properties at the AuNP surface, namely, work-function and valence band states, has been determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of isolated AuNPs in the gas-phase. In this way, it is revealed how the electronic properties are altered by the adsorption of the ligand molecules, and we conclude that the reaction rates are mainly determined by the plasmonic properties of the AuNPs. SERS spectra reveal differences in the reaction product formation for different halogen species, and, on this basis, the possible reaction mechanisms are discussed to approach an understanding of opportunities and limitations in the design of catalytical systems with plasmonic NPs.}, language = {en} } @article{ScholzKerestetzopoulouWiebachetal.2022, author = {Scholz, Stella and Kerestetzopoulou, Sofia and Wiebach, Vincent and Schnegotzki, Romina and Schmid, Bianca and Reyna-Gonzalez, Emmanuel and Ding, Ling and S{\"u}ssmuth, Roderich D. and Dittmann, Elke and Baunach, Martin}, title = {One-Pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of microviridin analogs containing functional tags}, series = {ChemBioChem : an official journal of the EFMC}, volume = {23}, journal = {ChemBioChem : an official journal of the EFMC}, number = {20}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1439-4227}, doi = {10.1002/cbic.202200345}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Microviridins are a prominent family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) featuring characteristic lactone and lactam rings. Their unusual cage-like architecture renders them highly potent serine protease inhibitors of which individual variants specifically inhibit different types of proteases of pharmacological interest. While posttranslational modifications are key for the stability and bioactivity of RiPPs, additional attractive properties can be introduced by functional tags. To date - although highly desirable - no method has been reported to incorporate functional tags in microviridin scaffolds or the overarching class of graspetides. In this study, a chemoenzymatic in vitro platform is used to introduce functional tags in various microviridin variants yielding biotinylated, dansylated or propargylated congeners. This straightforward approach paves the way for customized protease inhibitors with built-in functionalities that can help to unravel the still elusive ecological roles and targets of this remarkable class of compounds and to foster applications based on protease inhibition.}, language = {en} } @article{KasalBesirogluZorluetal.2021, author = {Kasal, Meltem and Besiroglu, Lutfullah and Zorlu, Nabi and Dikmeer, Nur and Bilge, Aslihan and Durmaz, Ercan and Polat, Serap and Gelal, Fazil and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas and Sebold, Miriam}, title = {Fronto-striatal structures related with model-based control as an endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {[London]}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91179-2}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Recent theories suggest a shift from model-based goal-directed to model-free habitual decision-making in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is yet unclear, whether this shift in the decision process is heritable. We investigated 32 patients with OCD, 27 unaffected siblings (SIBs) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) using the two-step task. We computed behavioral and reaction time analyses and fitted a computational model to assess the balance between model-based and model-free control. 80 subjects also underwent structural imaging. We observed a significant ordered effect for the shift towards model-free control in the direction OCD>SIB>HC in our computational parameter of interest. However less directed analyses revealed no shift towards model-free control in OCDs. Nonetheless, we found evidence for reduced model-based control in OCDs compared to HCs and SIBs via 2nd stage reaction time analyses. In this measure SIBs also showed higher levels of model-based control than HCs. Across all subjects these effects were associated with the surface area of the left medial/right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, correlations between bilateral putamen/right caudate volumes and these effects varied as a function of group: they were negative in SIBs and OCDs, but positive in HCs. Associations between fronto-striatal regions and model-based reaction time effects point to a potential endophenotype for OCD.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunUnniSujithetal.2021, author = {Braun, Tobias and Unni, Vishnu R. and Sujith, Raman I. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Marwan, Norbert}, title = {Detection of dynamical regime transitions with lacunarity as a multiscale recurrence quantification measure}, series = {Nonlinear dynamics : an international journal of nonlinear dynamics and chaos in engineering systems}, volume = {104}, journal = {Nonlinear dynamics : an international journal of nonlinear dynamics and chaos in engineering systems}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, issn = {0924-090X}, doi = {10.1007/s11071-021-06457-5}, pages = {3955 -- 3973}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We propose lacunarity as a novel recurrence quantification measure and illustrate its efficacy to detect dynamical regime transitions which are exhibited by many complex real-world systems. We carry out a recurrence plot-based analysis for different paradigmatic systems and nonlinear empirical data in order to demonstrate the ability of our method to detect dynamical transitions ranging across different temporal scales. It succeeds to distinguish states of varying dynamical complexity in the presence of noise and non-stationarity, even when the time series is of short length. In contrast to traditional recurrence quantifiers, no specification of minimal line lengths is required and geometric features beyond linear structures in the recurrence plot can be accounted for. This makes lacunarity more broadly applicable as a recurrence quantification measure. Lacunarity is usually interpreted as a measure of heterogeneity or translational invariance of an arbitrary spatial pattern. In application to recurrence plots, it quantifies the degree of heterogeneity in the temporal recurrence patterns at all relevant time scales. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed method when applied to empirical data, namely time series of acoustic pressure fluctuations from a turbulent combustor. Recurrence lacunarity captures both the rich variability in dynamical complexity of acoustic pressure fluctuations and shifting time scales encoded in the recurrence plots. Furthermore, it contributes to a better distinction between stable operation and near blowout states of combustors.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouJomaaYangetal.2022, author = {Zhou, Xiangqian and Jomaa, Seifeddine and Yang, Xiaoqiang and Merz, Ralf and Wang, Yanping and Rode, Michael}, title = {Exploring the relations between sequential droughts and stream nitrogen dynamics in central Germany through catchment-scale mechanistic modelling}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {614}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, number = {Part B}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128615}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Like many other regions in central Europe, Germany experienced sequential summer droughts from 2015 to 2018. As one of the environmental consequences, river nitrate concentrations have exhibited significant changes in many catchments. However, catchment nitrate responses to the changing weather conditions have not yet been mechanistically explored. Thus, a fully distributed, process-based catchment Nitrate model (mHM-Nitrate) was used to reveal the causal relations in the Bode catchment, of which river nitrate concentrations have experienced contrasting trends from upstream to downstream reaches. The model was evaluated using data from six gauging stations, reflecting different levels of runoff components and their associated nitrate-mixing from upstream to downstream. Results indicated that the mHM-Nitrate model reproduced dynamics of daily discharge and nitrate concentration well, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency >= 0.73 for discharge and Kling-Gupta Efficiency >= 0.50 for nitrate concentration at most stations. Particularly, the spatially contrasting trends of nitrate con-centration were successfully captured by the model. The decrease of nitrate concentration in the lowland area in drought years (2015-2018) was presumably due to (1) limited terrestrial export loading (ca. 40 \% lower than that of normal years 2004-2014), and (2) increased in-stream retention efficiency (20 \% higher in summer within the whole river network). From a mechanistic modelling perspective, this study provided insights into spatially heterogeneous flow and nitrate dynamics and effects of sequential droughts, which shed light on water -quality responses to future climate change, as droughts are projected to be more frequent.}, language = {en} } @article{Heyne2022, author = {Heyne, Henrike O.}, title = {Polygenic risk scores in epilepsy}, series = {Medizinische Genetik}, volume = {34}, journal = {Medizinische Genetik}, number = {3}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0936-5931}, doi = {10.1515/medgen-2022-2146}, pages = {225 -- 230}, year = {2022}, abstract = {An epilepsy diagnosis has large consequences for an individual but is often difficult to make in clinical practice. Novel biomarkers are thus greatly needed. Here, we give an overview of how thousands of common genetic factors that increase the risk for epilepsy can be summarized as epilepsy polygenic risk scores (PRS). We discuss the current state of research on how epilepsy PRS can serve as a biomarker for the risk for epilepsy. The high heritability of common forms of epilepsy, particularly genetic generalized epilepsy, indicates a promising potential for epilepsy PRS in diagnosis and risk prediction. Small sample sizes and low ancestral diversity of current epilepsy genome-wide association studies show, however, a need for larger and more diverse studies before epilepsy PRS could be properly implemented in the clinic.}, language = {en} } @article{Oren2022, author = {Oren, Yehuda (Yady)}, title = {Fichte's turn from absolute I to absolute knowledge}, series = {Idealistic studies : an interdisciplinary journal of philosophy}, volume = {52}, journal = {Idealistic studies : an interdisciplinary journal of philosophy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Philosophy Documentation Center}, address = {Charlottesville, Va.}, issn = {0046-8541}, doi = {10.5840/idstudies2022726143}, pages = {157 -- 178}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre of 1801/2 is considered to be the beginning of his late phase. In this phase he supposedly alters his earlier thinking and, instead of the transcendental unity of the I, conceptualizes a higher transcendent and simple unity; a unity that has been claimed to correspond to Neoplatonism. I refute these two arguments here. First, through a comparison between the Wissenschaftslehre of 1801/2 and that of 1794/5, I show that both versions contain a similar analysis of the supreme unity. Second, I show that in 1801/2 Fichte explicitly dissociates the supreme unity from transcendence and simplicity. His conception of the supreme unity in fact levels a critique upon such concept of unity. Instead of the transcendent One, which is hierarchically prior to multiplicity, Fichte formulates in both 1794/5 and 1801/2 a complicated concept of the supreme unity. On Fichte's account, this unity "hovers" between multiplicity and unity as simplicity.}, language = {en} } @article{Oren2021, author = {Oren, Yehuda (Yady)}, title = {If the I is a point, how can It have a direction?}, series = {Archiv f{\"u}r Geschichte der Philosophie}, volume = {105}, journal = {Archiv f{\"u}r Geschichte der Philosophie}, number = {4}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1613-0650}, doi = {10.1515/agph-2020-0019}, pages = {620 -- 647}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fichte claims in Section 5 of the Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre (GWL) that the absolute I contains a difference between two directions. In this paper, I argue that this specific claim complements, rather than contradicts, his general position in Section 1, according to which the absolute I is a simple identity or a point. I first show that we can identify a version of what I call Fichte's Two-Directions Theory in texts written both before and after the GWL. I term this version his Two-Series Theory. Drawing on this reading, I demonstrate, in contrast to previous research, that Fichte consistently formulates the absolute I in a twofold manner: as a pure act that precedes any difference and as a proposition that contains a relation. I further argue that Fichte's treatment of the absolute I as a simple unity and as a unity of two directions maps onto two stages within his philosophical investigation. On my account, Fichte seeks to comprehend the absolute I by considering the I's activity both as it is in itself and as it presents itself to thought.}, language = {en} } @article{GoswamiChakiChakrabarti2022, author = {Goswami, Koushik and Chaki, Subhasish and Chakrabarti, Rajarshi}, title = {Reconfiguration, swelling and tagged monomer dynamics of a single polymer chain in Gaussian and non-Gaussian active baths}, series = {Journal of physics : concerned with the fundamental mathematical and computational methods underpinning physics, the journal is particularly relevant to statistical physics, chaotic and complex systems, classical and quantum mechanics and classical and quantum field theory. A, Mathematical and theoretical}, volume = {55}, journal = {Journal of physics : concerned with the fundamental mathematical and computational methods underpinning physics, the journal is particularly relevant to statistical physics, chaotic and complex systems, classical and quantum mechanics and classical and quantum field theory. A, Mathematical and theoretical}, number = {42}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1751-8113}, doi = {10.1088/1751-8121/ac96db}, pages = {48}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this topical review, we give an overview of the structure and dynamics of a single polymer chain in active baths, Gaussian or non-Gaussian. The review begins with the discussion of single flexible or semiflexible linear polymer chains subjected to two noises, thermal and active. The active noise has either Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution but has a memory, accounting for the persistent motion of the active bath particles. This finite persistence makes the reconfiguration dynamics of the chain slow as compared to the purely thermal case and the chain swells. The active noise also results superdiffusive or ballistic motion of the tagged monomer. We present all the calculations in details but mainly focus on the analytically exact or almost exact results on the topic, as obtained from our group in recent years. In addition, we briefly mention important works of other groups and include some of our new results. The review concludes with pointing out the implications of polymer chains in active bath in biologically relevant context and its future directions.}, language = {en} }