@article{NitzscheKleebergHoffmannetal.2022, author = {Nitzsche, Kai Nils and Kleeberg, Andreas and Hoffmann, Carsten and Merz, Christoph and Premke, Katrin and Gessler, Arthur and Sommer, Michael and Kayler, Zachary E.}, title = {Kettle holes reflect the biogeochemical characteristics of their catchment area and the intensity of the element-specific input}, series = {Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1439-0108}, doi = {10.1007/s11368-022-03145-8}, pages = {994 -- 1009}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose Kettle holes are small inland water bodies known to be dominated by terrigenous material; however, the processes and structures that drive the enrichment and depletion of specific geochemical elements in the water column and kettle hole sediment remain unclear. We hypothesized that the mobile elements (Ca, Fe, K, P) behave different from each other in their transport, intermediate soil retention, and final accumulation in the kettle hole sediment. Methods Topsoils from transects spanning topographic positions from erosional to depositional areas, sediment cores, shallow groundwater, and kettle hole water of two glacial kettle holes in NE Germany (Rittgarten (RG) and Kraatz (KR)) were collected. The Fe, Ca, K, and total P (TP) concentrations were quantified and additionally the major anions in shallow groundwater and kettle hole water. The element-specific mobilization, relocation, and, finally, accumulation in the sediment were investigated by enrichment factors. Furthermore, a piper diagram was used to estimate groundwater flow directions and pond-internal processes. Results At KR only, the upper 10 cm of the kettle hole sediment reflected the relative element composition of the eroded terrestrial soils. The sediment from both kettle holes was enriched in Ca, Fe, K, and P compared to topsoils, indicating several possible processes including the input of clay and silt sized particles enriched in these elements, fertilizer input, and pond-internal processes including biogenic calcite and hydroxyapatite precipitation, Fe-P binding (KR), FeSx formation (RG), and elemental fixation and deposition via floating macrophytes (RG). High Ca concentrations in the kettle hole water indicated a high input of Ca from shallow groundwater inflow, while Ca precipitation in the kettle hole water led to lower Ca concentration in groundwater outflow. Conclusions The considerable element losses in the surrounding soils and the inputs into the kettle holes should be addressed by comprehensive soil and water protection measures, i.e., avoiding tillage, fertilizing conservatively, and creating buffer zones.}, language = {en} } @article{GarbulowskiSmolinskaCabuketal.2022, author = {Garbulowski, Mateusz and Smolinska, Karolina and {\c{C}}abuk, Uğur and Yones, Sara A. and Celli, Ludovica and Yaz, Esma Nur and Barrenas, Fredrik and Diamanti, Klev and Wadelius, Claes and Komorowski, Jan}, title = {Machine learning-based analysis of glioma grades reveals co-enrichment}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {14}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers14041014}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Simple Summary Gliomas are heterogenous types of cancer, therefore the therapy should be personalized and targeted toward specific pathways. We developed a methodology that corrected strong batch effects from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and estimated glioma grade-specific co-enrichment mechanisms using machine learning. Our findings created hypotheses for annotations, e.g., pathways, that should be considered as therapeutic targets. Gliomas develop and grow in the brain and central nervous system. Examining glioma grading processes is valuable for improving therapeutic challenges. One of the most extensive repositories storing transcriptomics data for gliomas is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, such big cohorts should be processed with caution and evaluated thoroughly as they can contain batch and other effects. Furthermore, biological mechanisms of cancer contain interactions among biomarkers. Thus, we applied an interpretable machine learning approach to discover such relationships. This type of transparent learning provides not only good predictability, but also reveals co-predictive mechanisms among features. In this study, we corrected the strong and confounded batch effect in the TCGA glioma data. We further used the corrected datasets to perform comprehensive machine learning analysis applied on single-sample gene set enrichment scores using collections from the Molecular Signature Database. Furthermore, using rule-based classifiers, we displayed networks of co-enrichment related to glioma grades. Moreover, we validated our results using the external glioma cohorts. We believe that utilizing corrected glioma cohorts from TCGA may improve the application and validation of any future studies. Finally, the co-enrichment and survival analysis provided detailed explanations for glioma progression and consequently, it should support the targeted treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{KupferBauervanRoesteletal.2022, author = {Kupfer, Thomas and Bauer, Evan B. and van Roestel, Jan and Bellm, Eric C. and Bildsten, Lars and Fuller, Jim and Prince, Thomas A. and Heber, Ulrich and Geier, Stephan and Green, Matthew J. and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. and Bloemen, Steven and Laher, Russ R. and Rusholme, Ben and Schneider, David}, title = {Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters}, volume = {925}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2041-8205}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ac48f1}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present the discovery of a new double-detonation progenitor system consisting of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) binary with a white dwarf companion with a P (orb) = 76.34179(2) minutes orbital period. Spectroscopic observations are consistent with an sdB star during helium core burning residing on the extreme horizontal branch. Chimera light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB star and a weak eclipse of the companion white dwarf. Combining spectroscopic and light curve fits, we find a low-mass sdB star, M (sdB) = 0.383 +/- 0.028 M (circle dot) with a massive white dwarf companion, M (WD) = 0.725 +/- 0.026 M (circle dot). From the eclipses we find a blackbody temperature for the white dwarf of 26,800 K resulting in a cooling age of approximate to 25 Myr whereas our MESA model predicts an sdB age of approximate to 170 Myr. We conclude that the sdB formed first through stable mass transfer followed by a common envelope which led to the formation of the white dwarf companion approximate to 25 Myr ago. Using the MESA stellar evolutionary code we find that the sdB star will start mass transfer in approximate to 6 Myr and in approximate to 60 Myr the white dwarf will reach a total mass of 0.92 M (circle dot) with a thick helium layer of 0.17 M (circle dot). This will lead to a detonation that will likely destroy the white dwarf in a peculiar thermonuclear supernova. PTF1 J2238+7430 is only the second confirmed candidate for a double-detonation thermonuclear supernova. Using both systems we estimate that at least approximate to 1\% of white dwarf thermonuclear supernovae originate from sdB+WD binaries with thick helium layers, consistent with the small number of observed peculiar thermonuclear explosions.}, language = {en} } @article{NajmanSobelMillaretal.2022, author = {Najman, Yani and Sobel, Edward and Millar, Ian and Luan, Xiwu and Zapata, Sebastian and Garzanti, Eduardo and Parra, Mauricio and Vezzoli, Giovanni and Zhang, Peng and Wa Aung, Day and Paw, Saw Mu Tha Lay and Lwin, Thae Naung}, title = {The timing of collision between Asia and the West Burma Terrane, and the development of the Indo-Burman Ranges}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {41}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1029/2021TC007057}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The West Burma Terrane (WBT) is a small terrane bounded to the east by the Asian Sibumasu Block and to the west by the Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR), the latter being an exhumed accretionary prism that formed during subduction of Indian oceanic lithosphere beneath Asia. Understanding the geological history of the WBT is important for reconstruction of the closure history of the Tethys Ocean and India-Asia collision. Currently there are major discrepancies in the proposed timings of collision between the WBT with both India and Asia; whether the WBT collided with India or Asia first is debated, and proposed timings of collisions stretch from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic. We undertook a multi-technique provenance study involving petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf analyses, rutile U-Pb analyses and Sr-Nd bulk rock analyses on sediments of the Central Myanmar Basins of the WBT. We determined that the first arrival of Asian material into the basin occurred after the earliest late Eocene and by the early Oligocene, thus placing a minimum constraint on the timing of WBT-Asia collision. Our low temperature thermochronological study of the IBR records two periods of exhumation, in the early-middle Eocene, and at the Oligo-Miocene boundary. The Eocene event may be associated with the collision of the WBT with India. The later event at the Oligo-Miocene boundary may be associated with changes in wedge dynamics resulting from increased sediment supply to the system; however a number of other possible causes provide equally plausible explanations for both events.}, language = {en} } @article{JebabliZouhalBoullosaetal.2022, author = {Jebabli, Nidhal and Zouhal, Hassane and Boullosa, Daniel and Govindasamy, Karuppasamy and Tourny, Claire and Hackney, Anthony C. and Granacher, Urs and Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf}, title = {The effects of preferred music and its timing on performance, pacing, and psychophysiological responses during the 6-min test}, series = {Journal of human kinetics}, volume = {82}, journal = {Journal of human kinetics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Academy of Physical Education}, address = {Katowice}, issn = {1640-5544}, doi = {10.2478/hukin-2022-0038}, pages = {123 -- 133}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred music during a warm up or exercise, on performance during a 6-min all-out exercise test (6-MT) in young adult males. Twenty-five healthy males volunteered to participate in this study. Following a within subject design, participants performed three test conditions (MDT: music during the test; MDW: music during the warm-up; WM: without music) in random order. Outcomes included mean running speed over the 6-min test (MRS6), total distance covered (TDC), heart rate responses (HRpeak, HRmean), blood lactate (3-min after the test), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE); additionally, feeling scale scores were recorded. Listening to preferred music during running resulted in significant TDC (Delta up arrow 10\%, p=0.006, ES=0.80) and MRS6 (Delta up arrow 14\%, p=0.012, ES=1.02) improvement during the 6-MT, improvement was also noted for the warm-up with music condition (TDC:Delta up arrow 8\%, p=0.028, ES=0.63; MRS6:Delta up arrow 8\%, p=0.032, ES=0.61). A similar reverse "J-shaped" pacing profile was detected during the three conditions. Blood lactate was lower in the MDT condition by 8\% (p=0.01, ES=1.10), but not the MDW condition, compared to MW. In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between the test sessions for the HR, RPE, and feeling scale scores. In conclusion, listening to music during exercise testing would be more beneficial for optimal TDC and MRS6 performances compared to MDW and WM.}, language = {en} } @article{NumbergerZoccaratoWoodhouseetal.2022, author = {Numberger, Daniela and Zoccarato, Luca and Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas and Ganzert, Lars and Sauer, Sascha and Garc{\´i}a M{\´a}rquez, Jaime Ricardo and Domisch, Sami and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Greenwood, Alex}, title = {Urbanization promotes specific bacteria in freshwater microbiomes including potential pathogens}, series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, volume = {845}, journal = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0048-9697}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157321}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are characterized by complex and highly dynamic microbial communities that are strongly structured by their local environment and biota. Accelerating urbanization and growing city populations detrimentally alter freshwater environments. To determine differences in freshwater microbial communities associated with urban-ization, full-length 16S rRNA gene PacBio sequencing was performed in a case study from surface waters and sedi-ments from a wastewater treatment plant, urban and rural lakes in the Berlin-Brandenburg region, Northeast Germany. Water samples exhibited highly habitat specific bacterial communities with multiple genera showing clear urban signatures. We identified potentially harmful bacterial groups associated with environmental parameters specific to urban habitats such as Alistipes, Escherichia/Shigella, Rickettsia and Streptococcus. We demonstrate that urban-ization alters natural microbial communities in lakes and, via simultaneous warming and eutrophication and creates favourable conditions that promote specific bacterial genera including potential pathogens. Our findings are evidence to suggest an increased potential for long-term health risk in urbanized waterbodies, at a time of rapidly expanding global urbanization. The results highlight the urgency for undertaking mitigation measures such as targeted lake restoration projects and sustainable water management efforts.}, language = {en} } @article{BotteriPeveriBerstadetal.2022, author = {Botteri, Edoardo and Peveri, Giulia and Berstad, Paula and Bagnardi, Vincenzo and Chen, Sairah L. F. and Sandanger, Torkjel M. and Hoff, Geir and Dahm, Christina C. and Antoniussen, Christian S. and Tjonneland, Anne and Eriksen, Anne Kirstine and Skeie, Guri and Perez-Cornago, Aurora and Huerta, Jose Maria and Jakszyn, Paula and Harlid, Sophia and Sundstroem, Bjoern and Barricarte, Aurelio and Monninkhof, Evelyn M. and Derksen, Jeroen W. G. and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and Cross, Amanda J. and Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. and De Magistris, Maria Santucci and Kaaks, Rudolf and Katzke, Verena and Rothwell, Joseph A. and Laouali, Nasser and Severi, Gianluca and Amiano, Pilar and Contiero, Paolo and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Goldberg, Marcel and Touvier, Mathilde and Freisling, Heinz and Viallon, Vivian and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Riboli, Elio and Gunter, Marc J. and Jenab, Mazda and Ferrari, Pietro}, title = {Changes in lifestyle and risk of colorectal cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition}, series = {The American journal of gastroenterology : AJG}, volume = {118}, journal = {The American journal of gastroenterology : AJG}, number = {4}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0002-9270}, doi = {10.14309/ajg.0000000000002065}, pages = {702 -- 711}, year = {2022}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We investigated the impact of changes in lifestyle habits on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a multicountry European cohort. METHODS: We used baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort to assess changes in lifestyle habits and their associations with CRC development. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity collected at the 2 time points. HLI ranged from 0 (most unfavorable) to 16 (most favorable). We estimated the association between HLI changes and CRC risk using Cox regression models and reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95\% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Among 295,865 participants, 2,799 CRC cases were observed over a median of 7.8 years. The median time between questionnaires was 5.7 years. Each unit increase in HLI from the baseline to the follow-up assessment was associated with a statistically significant 3\% lower CRC risk. Among participants in the top tertile at baseline (HLI > 11), those in the bottom tertile at follow-up (HLI <= 9) had a higher CRC risk (HR 1.34; 95\% CI 1.02-1.75) than those remaining in the top tertile. Among individuals in the bottom tertile at baseline, those in the top tertile at follow-up had a lower risk (HR 0.77; 95\% CI 0.59-1.00) than those remaining in the bottom tertile. DISCUSSION: Improving adherence to a healthy lifestyle was inversely associated with CRC risk, while worsening adherence was positively associated with CRC risk. These results justify and support recommendations for healthy lifestyle changes and healthy lifestyle maintenance for CRC prevention.}, language = {en} } @article{ToumoulinTardifBecquetDonnadieuetal.2022, author = {Toumoulin, Agathe and Tardif-Becquet, Delphine and Donnadieu, Yannick and Licht, Alexis and Ladant, Jean-Baptiste and Kunzmann, Lutz and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume}, title = {Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse}, series = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {18}, journal = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {2}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1814-9324}, doi = {10.5194/cp-18-341-2022}, pages = {341 -- 362}, year = {2022}, abstract = {At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwopePiresKurpasetal.2022, author = {Schwope, Axel and Pires, Adriana M. and Kurpas, Jan and Doroshenko, Victor and Suleimanov, Valery F. and Freyberg, Michael and Becker, Werner and Dennerl, Konrad and Haberl, Frank and Lamer, Georg and Maitra, Chandreyee and Potekhin, Alexander Y. and Ramos-Ceja, Miriam E. and Santangelo, Andrea and Traulsen, Iris and Werner, Klaus}, title = {Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B0656+14 with SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {661}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202141105}, pages = {21}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present a detailed spectroscopic and timing analysis of X-ray observations of the bright pulsar PSR B0656+14. The observations were obtained simultaneously with eROSITA and XMM-Newton during the calibration and performance verification phase of the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission (SRG). The analysis of the 100 ks deep observation of eROSITA is supported by archival observations of the source, including XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and NICER. Using XMM-Newton and NICER, we first established an X-ray ephemeris for the time interval 2015 to 2020, which connects all X-ray observations in this period without cycle count alias and phase shifts. The mean eROSITA spectrum clearly reveals an absorption feature originating from the star at 570 eV with a Gaussian sigma of about 70 eV that was tentatively identified in a previous long XMM-Newton observation. A second previously discussed absorption feature occurs at 260-265 eV and is described here as an absorption edge. It could be of atmospheric or of instrumental origin. These absorption features are superposed on various emission components that are phenomenologically described here as the sum of hot (120 eV) and cold (65 eV) blackbody components, both of photospheric origin, and a power law with photon index Gamma = 2 from the magnetosphere. We created energy-dependent light curves and phase-resolved spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The phase-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the Gaussian absorption line at 570 eV is clearly present throughout similar to 60\% of the spin cycle, but it is otherwise undetected. Likewise, its parameters were found to be dependent on phase. The visibility of the line strength coincides in phase with the maximum flux of the hot blackbody. If the line originates from the stellar surface, it nevertheless likely originates from a different location than the hot polar cap. We also present three families of model atmospheres: a magnetized atmosphere, a condensed surface, and a mixed model. They were applied to the mean observed spectrum, whose continuum fit the observed data well. The atmosphere model, however, predicts distances that are too short. For the mixed model, the Gaussian absorption may be interpreted as proton cyclotron absorption in a field as high as 10(14) G, which is significantly higher than the field derived from the moderate observed spin-down.}, language = {en} } @article{Hecht2022, author = {Hecht, Louise}, title = {Der Judenstaat Ararat}, series = {The historical German-Jewish press}, volume = {149}, journal = {The historical German-Jewish press}, publisher = {edition lumi{\`e}re}, address = {Bremen}, isbn = {978-3-948077-24-2}, pages = {141 -- 172}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{WarbyZuZeiskeetal.2022, author = {Warby, Jonathan and Zu, Fengshuo and Zeiske, Stefan and Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio and Frohloff, Lennart and Kahmann, Simon and Frohna, Kyle and Mosconi, Edoardo and Radicchi, Eros and Lang, Felix and Shah, Sahil and Pena-Camargo, Francisco and Hempel, Hannes and Unold, Thomas and Koch, Norbert and Armin, Ardalan and De Angelis, Filippo and Stranks, Samuel D. and Neher, Dieter and Stolterfoht, Martin}, title = {Understanding performance limiting interfacial recombination in pin Perovskite solar cells}, series = {Advanced energy materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Advanced energy materials}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202103567}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Perovskite semiconductors are an attractive option to overcome the limitations of established silicon based photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their exceptional opto-electronic properties and their successful integration into multijunction cells. However, the performance of single- and multijunction cells is largely limited by significant nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/organic electron transport layer junctions. In this work, the cause of interfacial recombination at the perovskite/C-60 interface is revealed via a combination of photoluminescence, photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principle numerical simulations. It is found that the most significant contribution to the total C-60-induced recombination loss occurs within the first monolayer of C-60, rather than in the bulk of C-60 or at the perovskite surface. The experiments show that the C-60 molecules act as deep trap states when in direct contact with the perovskite. It is further demonstrated that by reducing the surface coverage of C-60, the radiative efficiency of the bare perovskite layer can be retained. The findings of this work pave the way toward overcoming one of the most critical remaining performance losses in perovskite solar cells.}, language = {en} } @article{ShamsWangRoineetal.2022, author = {Shams, Boshra and Wang, Ziqian and Roine, Timo and Aydogan, Dogu Baran and Vajkoczy, Peter and Lippert, Christoph and Picht, Thomas and Fekonja, Lucius Samo}, title = {Machine learning-based prediction of motor status in glioma patients using diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract}, series = {Brain communications}, volume = {4}, journal = {Brain communications}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {2632-1297}, doi = {10.1093/braincomms/fcac141}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Shams et al. report that glioma patients' motor status is predicted accurately by diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract based on support vector machine method, reaching an overall accuracy of 77\%. They show that these metrics are more effective than demographic and clinical variables. Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI metrics. These diffusion models reveal detailed insights into white matter microstructural changes with development, pathology and function. Here, we aim at assessing the clinical utility of diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract, investigating whether motor glioma patients can be classified with respect to their motor status. We retrospectively included 116 brain tumour patients suffering from either left or right supratentorial, unilateral World Health Organization Grades II, III and IV gliomas with a mean age of 53.51 +/- 16.32 years. Around 37\% of patients presented with preoperative motor function deficits according to the Medical Research Council scale. At group level comparison, the highest non-overlapping diffusion MRI differences were detected in the superior portion of the tracts' profiles. Fractional anisotropy and fibre density decrease, apparent diffusion coefficient axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity increase. To predict motor deficits, we developed a method based on a support vector machine using histogram-based features of diffusion MRI tract profiles (e.g. mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness), following a recursive feature elimination method. Our model achieved high performance (74\% sensitivity, 75\% specificity, 74\% overall accuracy and 77\% area under the curve). We found that apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity contributed more than other features to the model. Incorporating the patient demographics and clinical features such as age, tumour World Health Organization grade, tumour location, gender and resting motor threshold did not affect the model's performance, revealing that these features were not as effective as microstructural measures. These results shed light on the potential patterns of tumour-related microstructural white matter changes in the prediction of functional deficits.}, language = {en} } @article{RepaschScheingrossHoviusetal.2022, author = {Repasch, Marisa and Scheingross, Joel S. and Hovius, Niels and Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea and Mueller, Carsten W. and H{\"o}schen, Carmen and Szupiany, Ricardo N. and Sachse, Dirk}, title = {River organic carbon fluxes modulated by hydrodynamic sorting of particulate organic matter}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {49}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2021GL096343}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rivers regulate the global carbon cycle by transferring particulate organic carbon (POC) from terrestrial landscapes to marine sedimentary basins, but the processes controlling the amount and composition of fluvially exported POC are poorly understood. We propose that hydrodynamic sorting processes modify POC fluxes during fluvial transit. We test this hypothesis by studying POC transported along a similar to 1,200 km reach of the Rio Bermejo, Argentina. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that POC was either fine, mineral-associated organic matter, or coarse discrete organic particles. Mineral-associated POC is more resistant to oxidation and has a lower particle settling velocity than discrete POC. Consequently, hydraulic sorting and downstream fining amplify the proportion of fine, mineral-associated POC from similar to 55\% to similar to 78\% over 1,220 km of downstream transit. This suggests that mineral-associated POC has a greater probability of export and preservation in marine basins than plant detritus, which may be oxidized to CO2 during transit.}, language = {en} } @article{SeboldChenOenaletal.2022, author = {Sebold, Miriam and Chen, Hao and {\"O}nal, Aleyna and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Mojtahedzadeh, Negin and Garbusow, Maria and Nebe, Stephan and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Smolka, Michael N. and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {Stronger prejudices are associated with decreased model-based control}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767022}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Prejudices against minorities can be understood as habitually negative evaluations that are kept in spite of evidence to the contrary. Therefore, individuals with strong prejudices might be dominated by habitual or "automatic" reactions at the expense of more controlled reactions. Computational theories suggest individual differences in the balance between habitual/model-free and deliberative/model-based decision-making. Methods: 127 subjects performed the two Step task and completed the blatant and subtle prejudice scale. Results: By using analyses of choices and reaction times in combination with computational modeling, subjects with stronger blatant prejudices showed a shift away from model-based control. There was no association between these decision-making processes and subtle prejudices. Conclusion: These results support the idea that blatant prejudices toward minorities are related to a relative dominance of habitual decision-making. This finding has important implications for developing interventions that target to change prejudices across societies.}, language = {en} } @article{HerbstBaalmannBykovetal.2022, author = {Herbst, Konstantin and Baalmann, Lennart R. and Bykov, Andrei and Engelbrecht, N. Eugene and Ferreira, Stefan E. S. and Izmodenov, Vladislav V. and Korolkov, Sergey D. and Levenfish, Ksenia P. and Linsky, Jeffrey L. and Meyer, Dominique M. -A. and Scherer, Klaus and Strauss, R. Du Toit}, title = {Astrospheres of planet-hosting cool stars and beyond when modeling meets observations}, series = {Space science reviews}, volume = {218}, journal = {Space science reviews}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0038-6308}, doi = {10.1007/s11214-022-00894-3}, pages = {46}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Thanks to dedicated long-term missions like Voyager and GOES over the past 50 years, much insight has been gained on the activity of our Sun, the solar wind, its interaction with the interstellar medium, and, thus, about the formation, the evolution, and the structure of the heliosphere. Additionally, with the help of multi-wavelength observations by the Hubble Space Telescope, Kepler, and TESS, we not only were able to detect a variety of extrasolar planets and exomoons but also to study the characteristics of their host stars, and thus became aware that other stars drive bow shocks and astrospheres. Although features like, e.g., stellar winds, could not be measured directly, over the past years several techniques have been developed allowing us to indirectly derive properties like stellar mass-loss rates and stellar wind speeds, information that can be used as direct input to existing astrospheric modeling codes. In this review, the astrospheric modeling efforts of various stars will be presented. Starting with the heliosphere as a benchmark of astrospheric studies, investigating the paleo-heliospheric changes and the Balmer H alpha projections to 1 pc, we investigate the surroundings of cool and hot stars, but also of more exotic objects like neutron stars. While pulsar wind nebulae (PWNs) might be a source of high-energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), the astrospheric environments of cool and hot stars form a natural shield against GCRs. Their modulation within these astrospheres, and the possible impact of turbulence, are also addressed. This review shows that all of the presented modeling efforts are in excellent agreement with currently available observations.}, language = {en} } @article{XiongDelicZengetal.2022, author = {Xiong, Yingquan and Delic, Denis and Zeng, Shufei and Chen, Xin and Chu, Chang and Hasan, Ahmed A. and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K. and Klein, Thomas and Yin, Lianghong and Hocher, Berthold}, title = {Regulation of SARS CoV-2 host factors in the kidney and heart in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy-effects of salt, ARB, DPP4 inhibitor and SGLT2 blocker}, series = {BMC nephrology}, volume = {23}, journal = {BMC nephrology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2369}, doi = {10.1186/s12882-022-02747-1}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Host factors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane protease, serine-subtype-2 (TMPRSS2) are important factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated that RAAS-blocking agents can be safely used during a SARS-CoV-2 infection but it is unknown if DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2-blockers may promote COVID-19 by increasing the host viral entry enzymes ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Methods We investigated telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin induced effects on renal and cardiac expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and key enzymes involved in RAAS (REN, AGTR2, AGT) under high-salt conditions in a non-diabetic experimental 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model. In the present study, the gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ren, Agtr2 and Agt was assessed with qRT-PCR and the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with immunohistochemistry in the following experimental groups: Sham + normal diet (ND) + placebo (PBO); 5/6Nx + ND + PBO; 5/6Nx + high salt-diet (HSD) + PBO; 5/6Nx + HSD + telmisartan; 5/6Nx + HSD + linagliptin; 5/6Nx + HSD + empagliflozin. Results In the kidney, the expression of Ace2 was not altered on mRNA level under disease and treatment conditions. The renal TMPRSS2 levels (mRNA and protein) were not affected, whereas the cardiac level was significantly increased in 5/6Nx rats. Intriguingly, the elevated TMPRSS2 protein expression in the heart was significantly normalized after treatment with telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin. Conclusions Our study indicated that there is no upregulation regarding host factors potentially promoting SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host cells when the SGLT2-blocker empagliflozin, telmisartan and the DPP4-inhibitor blocker linagliptin are used. The results obtained in a preclinical, experimental non-diabetic kidney failure model need confirmation in ongoing interventional clinical trials.}, language = {en} } @article{VoglimacciStephanopoliWendlederLantuitetal.2022, author = {Voglimacci-Stephanopoli, Jo{\"e}lle and Wendleder, Anna and Lantuit, Hugues and Langlois, Alexandre and Stettner, Samuel and Schmitt, Andreas and Dedieu, Jean-Pierre and Roth, Achim and Royer, Alain}, title = {Potential of X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar co-polar phase difference for arctic snow depth estimation}, series = {Cryosphere}, volume = {16}, journal = {Cryosphere}, number = {6}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1994-0416}, doi = {10.5194/tc-16-2163-2022}, pages = {2163 -- 2181}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Changes in snowpack associated with climatic warming has drastic impacts on surface energy balance in the cryosphere. Yet, traditional monitoring techniques, such as punctual measurements in the field, do not cover the full snowpack spatial and temporal variability, which hampers efforts to upscale measurements to the global scale. This variability is one of the primary constraints in model development. In terms of spatial resolution, active microwaves (synthetic aperture radar - SAR) can address the issue and outperform methods based on passive microwaves. Thus, high-spatial-resolution monitoring of snow depth (SD) would allow for better parameterization of local processes that drive the spatial variability of snow. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of the TerraSAR-X (TSX) SAR sensor and the wave co-polar phase difference (CPD) method for characterizing snow cover at high spatial resolution. Consequently, we first (1) investigate SD and depth hoar fraction (DHF) variability between different vegetation classes in the Ice Creek catchment (Qikiqtaruk/Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) using in situ measurements collected over the course of a field campaign in 2019; (2) evaluate linkages between snow characteristics and CPD distribution over the 2019 dataset; and (3) determine CPD seasonality considering meteorological data over the 2015-2019 period. SD could be extracted using the CPD when certain conditions are met. A high incidence angle (>30 circle) with a high topographic wetness index (TWI) (>7.0) showed correlation between SD and CPD (R2 up to 0.72). Further, future work should address a threshold of sensitivity to TWI and incidence angle to map snow depth in such environments and assess the potential of using interpolation tools to fill in gaps in SD information on drier vegetation types.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannFielitzSpiraetal.2022, author = {Buchmann, Nikolaus and Fielitz, Jens and Spira, Dominik and K{\"o}nig, Maximilian and Norman, Kristina and Pawelec, Graham and Goldeck, David and Demuth, Ilja and Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth}, title = {Muscle mass and inflammation in older adults: impact of the metabolic syndrome}, series = {Gerontology}, volume = {68}, journal = {Gerontology}, number = {9}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0304-324X}, doi = {10.1159/000520096}, pages = {989 -- 998}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Inflammatory processes are a cause of accelerated loss of muscle mass. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent age-related condition, which may promote and be promoted by inflammation. However, whether inflammation in MetS (metaflammation) is associated with lower muscle mass is still unclear. Methods: Complete cross-sectional data on body composition, MetS, and the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were available for 1,377 BASE-II participants (51.1\% women; 68 +/- 4 years old). Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass (low ALM-to-BMI ratio [ALMBMI]) was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project. Regression models, adjusted for an increasing number of confounders (sex, age, physical activity, morbidities, diabetes mellitus type II, TSH, albumin, HbA1c, smoking habits, alcohol intake, education, and energy intake/day), were used to calculate the association between low ALMBMI and high inflammation (tertile 3) according to MetS. Results: MetS was present in 36.2\% of the study population, and 9\% had low ALMBMI. In the whole study population, high CRP (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7 [95\% CI: 1.6-4.7; p = 0.001]) and high IL-6 (OR: 2.1 [95\% CI: 1.2-1.9; p = 0.005]) were associated with low ALMBMI. In contrast, no significant association was found between TNF, IL-10, or IL-1 beta with low ALMBMI. When participants were stratified by MetS, results for IL-6 remained significant only in participants with MetS. Conclusions: Among BASE-II participants, low ALMBMI was associated with inflammation. Low-grade inflammation triggered by disease state, especially in the context of MetS, might favor loss of muscle mass, so a better control of MetS might help to prevent sarcopenia. Intervention studies to test whether strategies to prevent MetS might also prevent loss of muscle mass seem to be promising.}, language = {en} } @article{GalhuberMichenthalerHeiningeretal.2022, author = {Galhuber, Markus and Michenthaler, Helene and Heininger, Christoph and Reinisch, Isabel and N{\"o}ssing, Christoph and Krstic, Jelena and Kupper, Nadja and Moyschewitz, Elisabeth and Auer, Martina and Heitzer, Ellen and Ulz, Peter and Birner-Gruenberger, Ruth and Liesinger, Laura and Lenihan-Geels, Georgia Ngawai and Oster, Moritz and Spreitzer, Emil and Chiozzi, Riccardo Zenezini and Schulz, Tim J. and Schupp, Michael and Madl, Tobias and Heck, Albert J. R. and Prokesch, Andreas}, title = {Complementary omics strategies to dissect p53 signaling networks under nutrient stress}, series = {Cellular and molecular life sciences}, volume = {79}, journal = {Cellular and molecular life sciences}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1420-682X}, doi = {10.1007/s00018-022-04345-8}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Signaling trough p53is a major cellular stress response mechanism and increases upon nutrient stresses such as starvation. Here, we show in a human hepatoma cell line that starvation leads to robust nuclear p53 stabilization. Using BioID, we determine the cytoplasmic p53 interaction network within the immediate-early starvation response and show that p53 is dissociated from several metabolic enzymes and the kinase PAK2 for which direct binding with the p53 DNA-binding domain was confirmed with NMR studies. Furthermore, proteomics after p53 immunoprecipitation (RIME) uncovered the nuclear interactome under prolonged starvation, where we confirmed the novel p53 interactors SORBS1 (insulin receptor signaling) and UGP2 (glycogen synthesis). Finally, transcriptomics after p53 re-expression revealed a distinct starvation-specific transcriptome response and suggested previously unknown nutrient-dependent p53 target genes. Together, our complementary approaches delineate several nodes of the p53 signaling cascade upon starvation, shedding new light on the mechanisms of p53 as nutrient stress sensor. Given the central role of p53 in cancer biology and the beneficial effects of fasting in cancer treatment, the identified interaction partners and networks could pinpoint novel pharmacologic targets to fine-tune p53 activity.}, language = {en} } @article{OranWeissSantacruzPichetal.2022, author = {Oran, Rona and Weiss, Benjamin P. and Santacruz-Pich, Maria De Soria and Jun, Insoo and Lawrence, David J. and Polanskey, Carol A. and Ratliff, J. Martin and Raymond, Carol A. and Ream, Jodie B. and Russell, Christopher T. and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Zuber, Maria T. and Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.}, title = {Maximum energies of trapped particles around magnetized planets and small bodies}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {49}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {13}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2021GL097014}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Energetic charged particles trapped in planetary radiation belts are hazardous to spacecraft. Planned missions to iron-rich asteroids with possible strong remanent magnetic fields require an assessment of trapped particles energies. Using laboratory measurements of iron meteorites, we estimate the largest possible asteroid magnetic moment. Although weak compared to moments of planetary dynamos, the small body size may yield strong surface fields. We use hybrid simulations to confirm the formation of a magnetosphere with an extended quasi-dipolar region. However, the short length scale of the field implies that energetic particle motion would be nonadiabatic, making existing radiation belt theories not applicable. Our idealized particle simulations demonstrate that chaotic motions lead to particle loss at lower energies than those predicted by adiabatic theory, which may explain the energies of transiently trapped particles observed at Mercury, Ganymede, and Earth. However, even the most magnetized asteroids are unlikely to stably trap hazardous particles.}, language = {en} } @article{DhahbiChaabeneChaouachietal.2022, author = {Dhahbi, Wissem and Chaabene, Helmi and Chaouachi, Anis and Padulo, Johnny and Behm, David G. and Cochrane, Jodie and Burnett, Angus and Chamari, Karim}, title = {Kinetic analysis of push-up exercises: a systematic review with practical recommendations}, series = {Sports biomechanics}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sports biomechanics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1476-3141}, doi = {10.1080/14763141.2018.1512149}, pages = {1 -- 40}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Push-ups represent one of the simplest and most popular strengthening exercise. The aim of this study was to systematically review and critically appraise the literature on the kinetics-related characteristics of different types of push-ups, with the objective of optimising training prescription and exercise-related load. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct up to April 2018. Studies that reported kinetic data (e.g. initial and peak-force supported by the upper-limbs, impact-force, peak-flexion-moment of the elbow-joint, rate of propulsive- and impact-, and vertebral-joint compressive-forces) related to push-ups and included trained, recreational and untrained participants, were considered. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme scale. From 5290 articles retrieved in the initial search, only 26 studies were included in this review. Kinetic data for 46 push-up variants were assessed. A limitation of the current review is that the relationship between our findings and actual clinical or practical consequences is not statistically proven but can only be inferred from our critical descriptive approach. Overall, this review provides detailed data on specific characteristics and intensities of push-up variations, in order to optimise exercise prescription for training and rehabilitation purposes.}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannBodenMaureretal.2022, author = {Herrmann, Matthias L. and Boden, Cindy and Maurer, Christoph and Kentischer, Felix and Mennig, Eva and Wagner, S{\"o}ren and Conzelmann, Lars O. and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and von Arnim, Christine A. F. and Denkinger, Michael and Eschweiler, Gerhard W. and Thomas, Christine}, title = {Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery}, series = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-858X}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.871229}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4\%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95\% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95\% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.}, language = {en} } @article{HaugkJongejansMangelsdorfetal.2022, author = {Haugk, Charlotte and Jongejans, Loeka L. and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Fuchs, Matthias and Ogneva, Olga and Palmtag, Juri and Mollenhauer, Gesine and Mann, Paul J. and Overduin, P. Paul and Grosse, Guido and Sanders, Tina and Tuerena, Robyn E. and Schirrmeister, Lutz and Wetterich, Sebastian and Kizyakov, Alexander and Karger, Cornelia and Strauss, Jens}, title = {Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {19}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {7}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022}, pages = {2079 -- 2094}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecu- lar geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last similar to 52 kyr. We showed that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt \%). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7-0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of isoand anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C >= 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C/N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{JaraMunozMelnickLietal.2022, author = {Jara-Mu{\~n}oz, Julius and Melnick, Daniel and Li, Shaoyang and Socquet, Anne and Cort{\´e}s-Aranda, Joaqu{\´i}n and Brill, Dominik and Strecker, Manfred R.}, title = {The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology}, series = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 +/- 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 +/- 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw similar to 7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.}, language = {en} } @article{AguileraDenaLangerAntoniadisetal.2022, author = {Aguilera-Dena, David R. and Langer, Norbert and Antoniadis, John and Pauli, Daniel and Dessart, Luc and Vigna-G{\´o}mez, Alejandro and Gr{\"a}fener, G{\"o}tz and Yoon, Sung-Chul}, title = {Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments: I. Evolutionary phases, classification, and populations}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics}, volume = {661}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142895}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Massive stars that become stripped of their hydrogen envelope through binary interaction or winds can be observed either as Wolf-Rayet stars, if they have optically thick winds, or as transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars. We approximate their evolution through evolutionary models of single helium stars, and compute detailed model grids in the initial mass range 1.5-70 M. for metallicities between 0.01 and 0.04, from core helium ignition until core collapse. Throughout their lifetimes some stellar models expose the ash of helium burning. We propose that models that have nitrogen-rich envelopes are candidate WN stars, while models with a carbon-rich surface are candidate WC stars during core helium burning, and WO stars afterwards. We measure the metallicity dependence of the total lifetimes of our models and the duration of their evolutionary phases. We propose an analytic estimate of the wind's optical depth to distinguish models of Wolf-Rayet stars from transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars, and find that the luminosity ranges at which WN-, WC-, and WO-type stars can exist is a strong function of metallicity. We find that all carbon-rich models produced in our grids have optically thick winds and match the luminosity distribution of observed populations. We construct population models and predict the numbers of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars and Wolf-Rayet stars, and derive their number ratios at different metallicities. We find that as metallicity increases, the number of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars decreases and the number of Wolf-Rayet stars increases. At high metallicities WC- and WO-type stars become more common. We apply our population models to nearby galaxies, and find that populations are more sensitive to the transition luminosity between Wolf-Rayet stars and transparent-wind helium stars than to the metallicity-dependent mass loss rates.}, language = {en} } @misc{Philipowski2022, author = {Philipowski, Katharina}, title = {Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration II}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur medi{\"a}vistischen Erz{\"a}hlforschung}, volume = {14}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur medi{\"a}vistischen Erz{\"a}hlforschung}, number = {Special Issue}, editor = {Philipowski, Katharina}, publisher = {University of Oldenburg Press}, address = {Oldenburg}, issn = {2568-9967}, doi = {10.25619/BmE_H20225}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/issue/view/24}, pages = {128}, year = {2022}, abstract = {One of the central features that medieval narratives in the first person have in common is their specific structure. Most of them are not continuously and coherently narrative, but in most cases include long discursive sections or textual elements such as letters, prayers, songs, or dialogues. The classification of these texts as narrative literature is thus anything but self-evident. The contributions to this volume examine how first-person discursivity and narrativity interact in French, German, and Italian narratives, what interrelation exists between the first-person narrative stance and discursivity, and how the literary forms of narrativity and discursivity (each of which is assigned a specific tense, namely the past tense and the present tense) relate to each other.}, language = {mul} } @article{Philipowski2022, author = {Philipowski, Katharina}, title = {Einf{\"u}hrende Bemerkungen zu Diskursivit{\"a}t und Narrativit{\"a}t}, series = {Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration: Narrativity and Discoursivity (Villa Vigoni Talks II)}, volume = {14}, journal = {Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration: Narrativity and Discoursivity (Villa Vigoni Talks II)}, number = {Special Issue}, editor = {Philipowski, Katharina}, publisher = {University of Oldenburg Press}, address = {Oldenburg}, issn = {2568-9967}, doi = {10.25619/BmE20225222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/article/view/222}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @misc{CescaStichGrigolietal.2022, author = {Cesca, Simone and Stich, Daniel and Grigoli, Francesco and Vuan, Alessandro and L{\´o}pez-Comino, Jos{\´e} {\´A}ngel and Niemz, Peter and Blanch, Estefan{\´i}a and Dahm, Torsten and Ellsworth, William L.}, title = {Reply to: Multiple induced seismicity mechanisms at Castor underground gas storage illustrate the need for thorough monitoring}, series = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30904-5}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{HeistermannBogenaFranckeetal.2022, author = {Heistermann, Maik and Bogena, Heye and Francke, Till and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Jakobi, Jannis and Rasche, Daniel and Schr{\"o}n, Martin and D{\"o}pper, Veronika and Fersch, Benjamin and Groh, Jannis and Patil, Amol and P{\"u}tz, Thomas and Reich, Marvin and Zacharias, Steffen and Zengerle, Carmen and Oswald, Sascha}, title = {Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: Combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site W{\"u}stebach}, series = {Earth system science data}, volume = {14}, journal = {Earth system science data}, number = {5}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1866-3508}, doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022}, pages = {2501 -- 2519}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km(2) Wustebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.}, language = {en} } @article{FuchsPalmtagJuhlsetal.2022, author = {Fuchs, Matthias and Palmtag, Juri and Juhls, Bennet and Overduin, Pier Paul and Grosse, Guido and Abdelwahab, Ahmed and Bedington, Michael and Sanders, Tina and Ogneva, Olga and Fedorova, Irina and Zimov, Nikita S. and Mann, Paul J. and Strauss, Jens}, title = {High-resolution bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf coastal zones}, series = {Earth system science data}, volume = {14}, journal = {Earth system science data}, number = {5}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1866-3508}, doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022}, pages = {2279 -- 2301}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land-ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1 V 25000-1 V 500000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r>0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).}, language = {en} } @article{JonesGrosseFarquharsonetal.2022, author = {Jones, Benjamin M. and Grosse, Guido and Farquharson, Louise M. and Roy-L{\´e}veill{\´e}e, Pascale and Veremeeva, Alexandra and Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. and Gaglioti, Benjamin and Breen, Amy L. and Parsekian, Andrew D. and Ulrich, Mathias and Hinkel, Kenneth M.}, title = {Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions}, series = {Nature reviews earth and environment}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature reviews earth and environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2662-138X}, doi = {10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9}, pages = {85 -- 98}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) systems occupy >20\% of the circumpolar Northern Hemisphere permafrost region and similar to 50\% of the area below 300 m above sea level. Climate change is causing drastic impacts to L-DLB systems, with implications for permafrost dynamics, ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical processes and human livelihoods in lowland permafrost regions. In this Review, we discuss how an increase in the number of lakes as a result of permafrost thaw and an intensifying hydrologic regime are not currently offsetting the land area gained through lake drainage, enhancing the dominance of drained lake basins (DLBs).The contemporary transition from lakes to DLBs decreases hydrologic storage, leads to permafrost aggradation, increases carbon sequestration and diversifies the shifting habitat mosaic in Arctic and boreal regions. However, further warming could inhibit permafrost aggradation in DLBs, disrupting the trajectory of important microtopographic controls on carbon fluxes and ecosystem processes in permafrost-region L-DLB systems. Further research is needed to understand the future dynamics of L-DLB systems to improve Earth system models, permafrost carbon feedback assessments, permafrost hydrology linkages, infrastructure development in permafrost regions and the well-being of northern socio-ecological systems.}, language = {en} } @article{DerežaninBlažytėDobryninetal.2022, author = {Derežanin, Lorena and Blažytė, Asta and Dobrynin, Pavel and Duch{\^e}ne, David A. and Grau, Jos{\´e} Horacio and Jeon, Sungwon and Kliver, Sergei and Koepfli, Klaus-Peter and Meneghini, Dorina and Preick, Michaela and Tomarovsky, Andrey and Totikov, Azamat and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W.}, title = {Multiple types of genomic variation contribute to adaptive traits in the mustelid subfamily Guloninae}, series = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0962-1083}, doi = {10.1111/mec.16443}, pages = {2898 -- 2919}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Species of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra (Eira barbara), the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the sable (Martes zibellina). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes and searching for species-specific structural variants. Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observed species-specific changes in many pregnancy-related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined (single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene family expansions, structural variants) contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This argues strongly for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance.}, language = {en} } @article{AbdelilahSeyfriedIruelaArispePenningeretal.2022, author = {Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim and Iruela-Arispe, M. Luisa and Penninger, Josef M. and Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth and Vikkula, Miikka and Cleaver, Ondine}, title = {Recalibrating vascular malformations and mechanotransduction by pharmacological intervention}, series = {Journal of clinical investigation}, volume = {132}, journal = {Journal of clinical investigation}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Society for Clinical Investigation}, address = {Ann Arbor}, issn = {0021-9738}, doi = {10.1172/JCI160227}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangWangKuangetal.2022, author = {Zhang, Zhihao and Wang, Ting and Kuang, Jin and Herold, Fabian and Ludyga, Sebastian and Li, Jingming and Hall, Daniel L. and Taylor, Alyx and Healy, Sean and Yeung, Albert S. and Kramer, Arthur F. and Zou, Liye}, title = {The roles of exercise tolerance and resilience in the effect of physical activity on emotional states among college students}, series = {International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1697-2600}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100312}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background/objective: Negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety, and stress challenge health care due to their long-term consequences for mental disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that regular physical activity (PA) can positively influence negative emotional states. Among possible candidates, resilience and exercise tolerance in particular have the potential to partly explain the positive effects of PA on negative emotional states. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between PA and negative emotional states, and further determine the mediating effects of exercise tolerance and resilience in such a relationship. Method: In total, 1117 Chinese college students (50.4\% female, Mage=18.90, SD=1.25) completed a psychosocial battery, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Regression analysis was used to identify the serial multiple mediation, controlling for gender, age and BMI. Results: PA, exercise intensity-tolerance, and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotional states (Ps<.05). Further, exercise tolerance and resilience partially mediated the relationship between PA and negative emotional states. Conclusions: Resilience and exercise intensity-tolerance can be achieved through regularly engaging in PA, and these newly observed variables play critical roles in prevention of mental illnesses, especially college students who face various challenges. Recommended amount of PA should be incorporated into curriculum or sport clubs within a campus environment.}, language = {en} } @article{RingEisenmannKandiletal.2022, author = {Ring, Raphaela M. and Eisenmann, Clemens and Kandil, Farid and Steckhan, Nico and Demmrich, Sarah and Klatte, Caroline and Kessler, Christian S. and Jeitler, Michael and Boschmann, Michael and Michalsen, Andreas and Blakeslee, Sarah B. and St{\"o}ckigt, Barbara and Stritter, Wiebke and Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A.}, title = {Mental and behavioural responses to Bah{\´a}'{\´i} fasting: Looking behind the scenes of a religiously motivated intermittent fast using a mixed methods approach}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu14051038}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background/Objective: Historically, fasting has been practiced not only for medical but also for religious reasons. Baha'is follow an annual religious intermittent dry fast of 19 days. We inquired into motivation behind and subjective health impacts of Baha'i fasting. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was embedded in a clinical single arm observational study. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted before (n = 7), during (n = 8), and after fasting (n = 8). Three months after the fasting period, two focus group interviews were conducted (n = 5/n = 3). A total of 146 Baha'i volunteers answered an online survey at five time points before, during, and after fasting. Results: Fasting was found to play a central role for the religiosity of interviewees, implying changes in daily structures, spending time alone, engaging in religious practices, and experiencing social belonging. Results show an increase in mindfulness and well-being, which were accompanied by behavioural changes and experiences of self-efficacy and inner freedom. Survey scores point to an increase in mindfulness and well-being during fasting, while stress, anxiety, and fatigue decreased. Mindfulness remained elevated even three months after the fast. Conclusion: Baha'i fasting seems to enhance participants' mindfulness and well-being, lowering stress levels and reducing fatigue. Some of these effects lasted more than three months after fasting.}, language = {en} } @article{CaoTianHerzschuhetal.2022, author = {Cao, Xianyong and Tian, Fang and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Ni, Jian and Xu, Qinghai and Li, Wenjia and Zhang, Yanrong and Luo, Mingyu and Chen, Fahu}, title = {Human activities have reduced plant diversity in eastern China over the last two millennia}, series = {Global change biology}, volume = {28}, journal = {Global change biology}, number = {16}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1354-1013}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16274}, pages = {4962 -- 4976}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Understanding the history and regional singularities of human impact on vegetation is key to developing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. In this study, fossil and modern pollen datasets from China are employed to investigate temporal changes in pollen composition, analogue quality, and pollen diversity during the Holocene. Anthropogenic disturbance and vegetation's responses are also assessed. Results reveal that pollen assemblages from non-forest communities fail to provide evidence of human impact for the western part of China (annual precipitation less than 400 mm and/or elevation more than 3000 m.a.s.l.), as inferred from the stable quality of modern analogues, principal components, and diversity of species and communities throughout the Holocene. For the eastern part of China, the proportion of fossil pollen spectra with good modern analogues increases from ca. 50\% to ca. 80\% during the last 2 millennia, indicating an enhanced intensity of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation. This disturbance has caused the pollen spectra to become taxonomically less diverse over space (reduced abundances of arboreal taxa and increased abundances of herbaceous taxa), highlighting a reduced south-north differentiation and divergence from past vegetation between regions in the eastern part of China. We recommend that care is taken in eastern China when basing the development of ecosystem management strategies on vegetation changes in the region during the last 2000 years, since humans have significantly disturbed the vegetation during this period.}, language = {en} } @article{SarrDonnadieuBoltonetal.2022, author = {Sarr, Anta-Clarisse and Donnadieu, Yannick and Bolton, Clara T. and Ladant, Jean-Baptiste and Licht, Alexis and Fluteau, Fr{\´e}d{\´e}ric and Laugi{\´e}, Marie and Tardif-Becquet, Delphine and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume}, title = {Neogene South Asian monsoon rainfall and wind histories diverged due to topographic effects}, series = {Nature geoscience}, volume = {15}, journal = {Nature geoscience}, number = {4}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1752-0894}, doi = {10.1038/s41561-022-00919-0}, pages = {314 -- 319}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The drivers of the evolution of the South Asian Monsoon remain widely debated. An intensification of monsoonal rainfall recorded in terrestrial and marine sediment archives from the earliest Miocene (23-20 million years ago (Ma)) is generally attributed to Himalayan uplift. However, Indian Ocean palaeorecords place the onset of a strong monsoon around 13 Ma, linked to strengthening of the southwesterly winds of the Somali Jet that also force Arabian Sea upwelling. Here we reconcile these divergent records using Earth system model simulations to evaluate the interactions between palaeogeography and ocean-atmosphere dynamics. We show that factors forcing the South Asian Monsoon circulation versus rainfall are decoupled and diachronous. Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau topography predominantly controlled early Miocene rainfall patterns, with limited impact on ocean-atmosphere circulation. The uplift of the East African and Middle Eastern topography played a pivotal role in the establishment of the modern Somali Jet structure above the western Indian Ocean, while strong upwelling initiated as a direct consequence of the emergence of the Arabian Peninsula and the onset of modern-like atmospheric circulation. Our results emphasize that although elevated rainfall seasonality was probably a persistent feature since the India-Asia collision in the Paleogene, modern-like monsoonal atmospheric circulation only emerged in the late Neogene.}, language = {en} } @article{BarcenaAslamPozdniakovaetal.2022, author = {Barcena, Maria Luisa and Aslam, Muhammad and Pozdniakova, Sofya and Norman, Kristina and Ladilov, Yury}, title = {Cardiovascular inflammaging: mechanisms and translational aspects}, series = {Cells}, volume = {11}, journal = {Cells}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells11061010}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aging is one of the major non-reversible risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and it is a key cause of multimorbidity, disability, and frailty (decreased physical activity, fatigue, and weight loss). The underlying cellular mechanisms are complex and consist of multifactorial processes, such as telomere shortening, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of senescent cells, and reduced autophagy. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms and translational aspects of cardiovascular aging-related inflammation, i.e., inflammaging.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weinbach2022, author = {Weinbach, Christine}, title = {Eigenlogik und Druck von außen}, series = {Privat - {\"o}ffentlich - politisch: Gesellschaftstheorien in feministischer Perspektive}, booktitle = {Privat - {\"o}ffentlich - politisch: Gesellschaftstheorien in feministischer Perspektive}, editor = {Burkart, G{\"u}nter and Cichecki, Diana and Degele, Nina and Kahlert, Heike}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-35400-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-35401-5_10}, pages = {285 -- 311}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In weiten Teilen der Geschlechterforschung ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Privatheit und {\"O}ffentlichkeit von großer analytischer Bedeutung f{\"u}r das Verst{\"a}ndnis moderner Geschlechterverh{\"a}ltnisse. Dennoch weisen ihre Analysen vielfach begriffliche Unsch{\"a}rfen im Gebrauch der Unterscheidung auf: Zum einen wird Familie mit Privatheit, Erwerbsarbeit mit {\"O}ffentlichkeit identisch gesetzt; zum anderen werden beide Unterscheidungen parallel verwendet. Der Beitrag setzt die beiden Unterscheidungen Privatheit/{\"O}ffentlichkeit und Familie/Erwerb mithilfe der Luhmann'schen Systemtheorie auf neue Weise ins Verh{\"a}ltnis. Dazu greift er den Forschungsansatz Doing Family auf, der Familie als Herstellungsleistung versteht. Vorgeschlagen wird, familiale Privatheit als staatlich gesch{\"u}tzte familiale Selbststeuerungsebene zu begreifen, auf der sich die Familie gegen{\"u}ber als {\"o}ffentlich begriffenen Umwelterwartungen wie dem (dynamischen) Arbeitsmarkt sowohl abgrenzt als auch auf sie antwortet. Entsprechend besitzt jedes einzelne Familiensystem seine eigene Privatheit und {\"O}ffentlichkeit. Damit einhergehend, lassen sich die Individualisierung der Familienmitglieder als auch die zunehmende Irrelevanz von Gender f{\"u}r die familiale Binnenstruktur beobachten: Da jedes Familiensystem die Unterscheidung auf unterschiedliche Weise handhabt, findet eine Heterogenisierung von Familienformen statt.}, language = {de} } @article{GiannettiUmanskySened2022, author = {Giannetti, Daniela and Umansky, Karen and Sened, Itai}, title = {The entry of the M5S and the reshaping of party politics in Italy (2008-2018)}, series = {Government \& opposition}, volume = {59}, journal = {Government \& opposition}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0017-257X}, doi = {10.1017/gov.2022.38}, pages = {464 -- 481}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle - M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries.}, language = {en} } @article{MarinBeloquiZhangGuoetal.2022, author = {Marin-Beloqui, Jose and Zhang, Guanran and Guo, Junjun and Shaikh, Jordan and Wohrer, Thibaut and Hosseini, Seyed Mehrdad and Sun, Bowen and Shipp, James and Auty, Alexander J. and Chekulaev, Dimitri and Ye, Jun and Chin, Yi-Chun and Sullivan, Michael B. and Mozer, Attila J. and Kim, Ji-Seon and Shoaee, Safa and Clarke, Tracey M.}, title = {Insight into the origin of trapping in polymer/fullerene blends with a systematic alteration of the fullerene to higher adducts}, series = {Journal of physical chemistry C}, volume = {126}, journal = {Journal of physical chemistry C}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10378}, pages = {2708 -- 2719}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The bimolecular recombination characteristics of conjugated polymer poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,5-bis 3-tetradecylthiophen-2-y1 thiazolo 5,4-d thiazole)-2,5diy1] (PDTSiTTz) blended with the fullerene series PC60BM, ICMA, ICBA, and ICTA have been investigated using microsecond and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with electroluminescence measurements and ambient photoemission spectroscopy. The non-Langevin polymer PDTSiTTz allows an inspection of intrinsic bimolecular recombination rates uninhibited by diffusion, while the low oscillator strengths of fullerenes allow polymer features to dominate, and we compare our results to those of the well-known polymer Si-PCPDTBT. Using mu s-TAS, we have shown that the trap -limited decay dynamics of the PDTSiTTz polaron becomes progressively slower across the fullerene series, while those of Si-PCPDTBT are invariant. Electroluminescence measurements showed an unusual double peak in pristine PDTSiTTz, attributed to a low energy intragap charge transfer state, likely interchain in nature. Furthermore, while the pristine PDTSiTTz showed a broad, low-intensity density of states, the ICBA and ICTA blends presented a virtually identical DOS to Si-PCPDTBT and its blends. This has been attributed to a shift from a delocalized, interchain highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the pristine material to a dithienosilole-centered HOMO in the blends, likely a result of the bulky fullerenes increasing interchain separation. This HOMO localization had a side effect of progressively shifting the polymer HOMO to shallower energies, which was correlated with the observed decrease in bimolecular recombination rate and increased "trap" depth. However, since the density of tail states remained the same, this suggests that the traditional viewpoint of "trapping" being dominated by tail states may not encompass the full picture and that the breadth of the DOS may also have a strong influence on bimolecular recombination.}, language = {en} } @article{FlovenzWangHersiretal.2022, author = {Fl{\´o}venz, {\´O}lafur G. and Wang, Rongjiang and Hersir, Gylfi P{\´a}ll and Dahm, Torsten and Hainzl, Sebastian and Vassileva, Magdalena and Drouin, Vincent and Heimann, Sebastian and Isken, Marius Paul and Gudnason, Egill {\´A}. and {\´A}g{\´u}stsson, Kristj{\´a}n and {\´A}g{\´u}stsd{\´o}ttir, Thorbj{\"o}rg and Hor{\´a}lek, Josef and Motagh, Mahdi and Walter, Thomas R. and Rivalta, Eleonora and Jousset, Philippe and Krawczyk, Charlotte M. and Milkereit, Claus}, title = {Cyclical geothermal unrest as a precursor to Iceland's 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption}, series = {Nature geoscience}, volume = {15}, journal = {Nature geoscience}, number = {5}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1752-0894}, doi = {10.1038/s41561-022-00930-5}, pages = {397 -- 404}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Understanding and constraining the source of geodetic deformation in volcanic areas is an important component of hazard assessment. Here, we analyse deformation and seismicity for one year before the March 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption in Iceland. We generate a high-resolution catalogue of 39,500 earthquakes using optical cable recordings and develop a poroelastic model to describe three pre-eruptional uplift and subsidence cycles at the Svartsengi geothermal field, 8 km west of the eruption site. We find the observed deformation is best explained by cyclic intrusions into a permeable aquifer by a fluid injected at 4 km depth below the geothermal field, with a total volume of 0.11 ± 0.05 km3 and a density of 850 ± 350 kg m-3. We therefore suggest that ingression of magmatic CO2 can explain the geodetic, gravity and seismic data, although some contribution of magma cannot be excluded.}, language = {en} } @article{KayaDupontNivetFrielingetal.2022, author = {Kaya, Mustafa Y{\"u}cel and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Frieling, Joost and Fioroni, Chiara and Rohrmann, Alexander and Alt{\i}ner, Sevin{\c{c}} {\"O}zkan and Vardar, Ezgi and Tanyas, Hakan and Mamtimin, Mehmut and Zhaojie, Guo}, title = {The Eurasian epicontinental sea was an important carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum}, series = {Communications earth and environment}, volume = {3}, journal = {Communications earth and environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2662-4435}, doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00451-4}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 56 million years ago) offers a primary analogue for future global warming and carbon cycle recovery. Yet, where and how massive carbon emissions were mitigated during this climate warming event remains largely unknown. Here we show that organic carbon burial in the vast epicontinental seaways that extended over Eurasia provided a major carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We coupled new and existing stratigraphic analyses to a detailed paleogeographic framework and using spatiotemporal interpolation calculated ca. 720-1300 Gt organic carbon excess burial, focused in the eastern parts of the Eurasian epicontinental seaways. A much larger amount (2160-3900 Gt C, and when accounting for the increase in inundated shelf area 7400-10300 Gt C) could have been sequestered in similar environments globally. With the disappearance of most epicontinental seas since the Oligocene-Miocene, an effective negative carbon cycle feedback also disappeared making the modern carbon cycle critically dependent on the slower silicate weathering feedback.}, language = {en} } @article{CescaSuganRudzinskietal.2022, author = {Cesca, Simone and Sugan, Monica and Rudzinski, Lukasz and Vajedian, Sanaz and Niemz, Peter and Plank, Simon and Petersen, Gesa and Deng, Zhiguo and Rivalta, Eleonora and Vuan, Alessandro and Linares, Milton Percy Plasencia and Heimann, Sebastian and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Massive earthquake swarm driven by magmatic intrusion at the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica}, series = {Communications earth and environment}, volume = {3}, journal = {Communications earth and environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2662-4435}, doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00418-5}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {An earthquake swarm affected the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, a unique rift basin in transition from intra-arc rifting to ocean spreading. The swarm, counting similar to 85,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes since August 2020, is located close to the Orca submarine volcano, previously considered inactive. Simultaneously, geodetic data reported up to similar to 11 cm north-westward displacement over King George Island. We use a broad variety of geophysical data and methods to reveal the complex migration of seismicity, accompanying the intrusion of 0.26-0.56 km(3) of magma. Strike-slip earthquakes mark the intrusion at depth, while shallower normal faulting the similar to 20 km long lateral growth of a dike. Seismicity abruptly decreased after a Mw 6.0 earthquake, suggesting the magmatic dike lost pressure with the slipping of a large fault. A seafloor eruption is likely, but not confirmed by sea surface temperature anomalies. The unrest documents episodic magmatic intrusion in the Bransfield Strait, providing unique insights into active continental rifting.}, language = {en} } @article{BouamraZouhalRateletal.2022, author = {Bouamra, Marwa and Zouhal, Hassane and Ratel, S{\´e}bastien and Makhlouf, Issam and Bezrati, Ikram and Chtara, Mokhtar and Behm, David G. and Granacher, Urs and Chaouachi, Anis}, title = {Concurrent training promotes greater gains on body composition and components of physical fitness than single-mode training (endurance or resistance) in youth with obesity}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.869063}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50\% resistance (RT) and 50\% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 +/- 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 +/- 4.8 kg center dot m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 setsx12 runs at 80-110\% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3-4 sets x 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50\% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6\%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.}, language = {en} } @article{RosinLaiMouldetal.2022, author = {Rosin, Paul L. and Lai, Yu-Kun and Mould, David and Yi, Ran and Berger, Itamar and Doyle, Lars and Lee, Seungyong and Li, Chuan and Liu, Yong-Jin and Semmo, Amir and Shamir, Ariel and Son, Minjung and Winnem{\"o}ller, Holger}, title = {NPRportrait 1.0: A three-level benchmark for non-photorealistic rendering of portraits}, series = {Computational visual media}, volume = {8}, journal = {Computational visual media}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2096-0433}, doi = {10.1007/s41095-021-0255-3}, pages = {445 -- 465}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recently, there has been an upsurge of activity in image-based non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), and in particular portrait image stylisation, due to the advent of neural style transfer (NST). However, the state of performance evaluation in this field is poor, especially compared to the norms in the computer vision and machine learning communities. Unfortunately, the task of evaluating image stylisation is thus far not well defined, since it involves subjective, perceptual, and aesthetic aspects. To make progress towards a solution, this paper proposes a new structured, three-level, benchmark dataset for the evaluation of stylised portrait images. Rigorous criteria were used for its construction, and its consistency was validated by user studies. Moreover, a new methodology has been developed for evaluating portrait stylisation algorithms, which makes use of the different benchmark levels as well as annotations provided by user studies regarding the characteristics of the faces. We perform evaluation for a wide variety of image stylisation methods (both portrait-specific and general purpose, and also both traditional NPR approaches and NST) using the new benchmark dataset.}, language = {en} } @article{IrrgangBendixenFarquharsonetal.2022, author = {Irrgang, Anna M. and Bendixen, Mette and Farquharson, Louise M. and Baranskaya, Alisa and Erikson, Li H. and Gibbs, Ann E. and Ogorodov, Stanislav A. and Overduin, Pier Paul and Lantuit, Hugues and Grigoriev, Mikhail N. and Jones, Benjamin M.}, title = {Drivers, dynamics and impacts of changing Arctic coasts}, series = {Nature reviews earth and environment}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature reviews earth and environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {London}, issn = {2662-138X}, doi = {10.1038/s43017-021-00232-1}, pages = {39 -- 54}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic warming on Arctic coastal dynamics, however, is challenged by the limited availability of observational, oceanographic and environmental data. Yet, with the majority of permafrost coasts being erosive, coupled with projected intensification of erosion and flooding, understanding these changes is critical. In this Review, we describe the morphological diversity of Arctic coasts, discuss important drivers of coastal change, explain the specific sensitivity of Arctic coasts to climate change and provide an overview of pan-Arctic shoreline change and its multifaceted impacts. Arctic coastal changes impact the human environment by threatening coastal settlements, infrastructure, cultural sites and archaeological remains. Changing sediment fluxes also impact the natural environment through carbon, nutrient and pollutant release on a magnitude that remains difficult to predict. Increasing transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration efforts will build the foundation for identifying sustainable solutions and adaptation strategies to reduce future risks for those living on, working at and visiting the rapidly changing Arctic coast.}, language = {en} } @article{IzotovChisholmWorsecketal.2022, author = {Izotov, Yuri I. and Chisholm, John and Worseck, G{\´a}bor and Guseva, Natalia G. and Schaerer, Daniel and Prochaska, Jason Xavier}, title = {Lyman alpha and Lyman continuum emission of Mg II-selected star-forming galaxies}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {515}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac1899}, pages = {2864 -- 2881}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present observations with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope of seven compact low-mass star-forming galaxies at redshifts, z, in the range 0.3161-0.4276, with various O3Mg2 = [O III] lambda 5007/Mg II lambda 2796+2803 and Mg-2 = Mg II lambda 2796/Mg II lambda 2803 emission-line ratios. We aim to study the dependence of leaking Lyman continuum (LyC) emission on the characteristics of Mg ii emission together with the dependencies on other indirect indicators of escaping ionizing radiation. LyC emission with escape fractions f(esc)(LyC) = 3.1-4.6 per cent is detected in four galaxies, whereas only 1 sigma upper limits of f(esc)(LyC) in the remaining three galaxies were derived. A strong narrow Ly alpha emission line with two peaks separated by V-sep similar to 298-592 km s(-1) was observed in four galaxies with detected LyC emission and very weak Ly alpha emission is observed in galaxies with LyC non-detections. Our new data confirm the tight anticorrelation between f(esc)(LyC) and V-sep found for previous low-redshift galaxy samples. V-sep remains the best indirect indicator of LyC leakage among all considered indicators. It is found that escaping LyC emission is detected predominantly in galaxies with Mg-2 greater than or similar to 1.3. A tendency of an increase of f(esc)(LyC) with increasing of both the O3Mg2 and Mg-2 is possibly present. However, there is substantial scatter in these relations not allowing their use for reliable prediction of f(esc)(LyC).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YaelLapidotTzuberi2022, author = {Yael, Attia and Lapidot, Elad and Tzuberi, Hannah}, title = {60 Years after the Algerian War}, publisher = {Katholische Akademie Berlin}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Over the six decades since it officially ended, the Algerian War has become a key event for marking, retrospectively, the beginning of a new era in European, Western and global history. This new era is characterized by the proclaimed end of Western hegemony - by the proclaimed end of European history as global, universal history. This era, our era, understands itself as the time after the domination of the West, a time or multiple times of "post": the time of postcolonialism, but also postmodernity, postsecularism, posthumanism. The times of "post" are characterized by a fundamental reconfiguration of the relations between European civilization and its Others, first and foremost by the proclaimed split between Europe and its Others, and more generally by the disintegration, disruption and dispersion of the - allegedly - unified space of culture, knowledge and discourse. The postcolonial era is an era of diversity and difference, an era of dispersions and diasporas, where the space of culture is a space of multiple cultures, a space of in-between, of "inter": the space of the intercultural, but also the interreligious, interethnic, interracial and inter-epistemic. This conference will reflect on the "inter" in the time of "post". We invited scholars, thinkers, intellectuals and artists to discuss various aspects and models of intercultural dynamics that have been developed and articulated in the aftermath of the Algerian War or of other events that marked the decline of Western hegemony, such as the Second Vatican, May 1968 or the Vietnam War. How did the age of decolonization reshape the discourse and practice of intercultural relations? To what extent interculturality itself is a sign or a site of decolonization? To what extent, on the contrary, intercultural relations may reproduce colonial or generate neocolonial patterns? Contributions examine the emergence of intercultural notions and practices in various intellectual traditions, European or non-European; the development of new categories and constellations of identity, otherness and dialogue; the interrelations between epistemic, cultural, discursive, religious and political aspects; as well as reactions to these new developments and various forms of critique and resistance. We are especially interested in how this reflection may shed light on socio-political and cultural phenomena, trends and concerns of the present time.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zakrzewski2022, author = {Zakrzewski, Tanja}, title = {Rezension zu: Poettering, Jorun: Migrating Merchants - Trade, Nation, and Religion in Seventeenth-Century Hamburg and Portugal . - Berlin: De Gryter, 2018. - 397 S. - ISBN: 978-3-11-047001-7}, series = {Comparativ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung}, volume = {2}, journal = {Comparativ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Leipzig}, issn = {0940-3566}, pages = {289 -- 291}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{Borysek2022, author = {Bor{\´y}sek, Martin}, title = {In search of Ovidian hebrew}, series = {Acta Universitatis Carolinae : AUC}, journal = {Acta Universitatis Carolinae : AUC}, number = {4}, publisher = {Karolinum Press}, address = {Prag}, issn = {0567-8269}, doi = {10.14712/24646830.2022.11}, pages = {29 -- 56}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper focuses on the first substantial translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses into modern Hebrew, whose author was Yehoshua Friedman (1885-1934). The first part of the paper sets Friedman into the context of modern Hebrew classical philology and explores the character of his verse. The core of the text consists of three case studies of selected excerpts from Ovid's story of Apollo and Daphne (Met. I, 456-465; 481-482; 545-552). Based on detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of these texts, I argue that Friedman did not simply adopt a pre-existing linguistic register, but rather created an original Ovidian idiom that helped to win him lasting significance in the history of Hebrew translations from classical languages.}, language = {en} } @article{BrinkmannBeckerZimmermannetal.2022, author = {Brinkmann, Kai Oliver and Becker, Tim and Zimmermann, Florian and Kreusel, Cedric and Gahlmann, Tobias and Theisen, Manuel and Haeger, Tobias and Olthof, Selina and T{\"u}ckmantel, Christian and G{\"u}nster, M. and Maschwitz, Timo and G{\"o}belsmann, Fabian and Koch, Christine and Hertel, Dirk and Caprioglio, Pietro and Pe{\~n}a-Camargo, Francisco and Perdig{\´o}n-Toro, Lorena and Al-Ashouri, Amran and Merten, Lena and Hinderhofer, Alexander and Gomell, Leonie and Zhang, Siyuan and Schreiber, Frank and Albrecht, Steve and Meerholz, Klaus and Neher, Dieter and Stolterfoht, Martin and Riedl, Thomas}, title = {Perovskite-organic tandem solar cells with indium oxide interconnect}, series = {Nature}, volume = {604}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7905}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04455-0}, pages = {280 -- 286}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Multijunction solar cells can overcome the fundamental efficiency limits of single-junction devices. The bandgap tunability of metal halide perovskite solar cells renders them attractive for multijunction architectures(1). Combinations with silicon and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), as well as all-perovskite tandem cells, have been reported(2-5). Meanwhile, narrow-gap non-fullerene acceptors have unlocked skyrocketing efficiencies for organic solar cells(6,7). Organic and perovskite semiconductors are an attractive combination, sharing similar processing technologies. Currently, perovskite-organic tandems show subpar efficiencies and are limited by the low open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of wide-gap perovskite cells(8) and losses introduced by the interconnect between the subcells(9,10). Here we demonstrate perovskite-organic tandem cells with an efficiency of 24.0 per cent (certified 23.1 per cent) and a high V-oc of 2.15 volts. Optimized charge extraction layers afford perovskite subcells with an outstanding combination of high V-oc and fill factor. The organic subcells provide a high external quantum efficiency in the near-infrared and, in contrast to paradigmatic concerns about limited photostability of non-fullerene cells(11), show an outstanding operational stability if excitons are predominantly generated on the non-fullerene acceptor, which is the case in our tandems. The subcells are connected by an ultrathin (approximately 1.5 nanometres) metal-like indium oxide layer with unprecedented low optical/electrical losses. This work sets a milestone for perovskite-organic tandems, which outperform the best p-i-n perovskite single junctions(12) and are on a par with perovskite-CIGS and all-perovskite multijunctions(13).}, language = {en} } @article{ZapataArteagaMarinaZuoetal.2022, author = {Zapata-Arteaga, Osnat and Marina, Sara and Zuo, Guangzheng and Xu, Kai and D{\"o}rling, Bernhard and Alberto P{\´e}rez, Luis and Sebasti{\´a}n Reparaz, Juan and Mart{\´i}n, Jaime and Kemerink, Martijn and Campoy-Quiles, Mariano}, title = {Design rules for polymer blends with high thermoelectric performance}, series = {Advanced energy materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Advanced energy materials}, number = {19}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202104076}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A combinatorial study of the effect of in-mixing of various guests on the thermoelectric properties of the host workhorse polymer poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT) is presented. Specifically, the composition and thickness for doped films of PBTTT blended with different polymers are varied. Some blends at guest weight fractions around 10-15\% exhibit up to a fivefold increase in power factor compared to the reference material, leading to zT values around 0.1. Spectroscopic analysis of the charge-transfer species, structural characterization using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman, and atomic force microscopy, and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to determine that the key to improved performance is for the guest to promote long-range electrical connectivity and low disorder, together with similar highest occupied molecular orbital levels for both materials in order to ensure electronic connectivity are combined.}, language = {en} } @article{NiederhoferCioniSchmidtetal.2022, author = {Niederhofer, Florian and Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. and Schmidt, Thomas and Bekki, Kenji and de Grijs, Richard and Ivanov, Valentin D. and Oliveira, Joana M. and Ripepi, Vincenzo and Subramanian, Smitha and van Loon, Jacco Th}, title = {The VMC survey - XLVI. Stellar proper motions in the centre of the Large Magellanic Cloud}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {512}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac712}, pages = {5423 -- 5439}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present proper motion (PM) measurements within the central region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using near-infrared data from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC). This work encompasses 18 VMC tiles covering a total sky area of similar to 28 deg(2). We computed absolute stellar PMs from multiepoch observations in the K-s filter over time baselines between similar to 12 and 47 months. Our final catalogue contains similar to 6322 000 likely LMC member stars with derived PMs. We employed a simple flat-rotating disc model to analyse and interpret the PM data. We found a stellar centre of rotation (alpha(0) = 79.95 degrees(+0.22)(-0.23), delta(0) = -69.31 degrees(+0.12)(-0.11)) that is in agreement with that resulting from Hubble Space Telescope data. The inferred viewing angles of the LMC disc (i = 33.5 degrees(+1.2)(-1.3), Theta = 129.8 degrees(+1.9)(-1.9)) are in good agreement with values from the literature but suggest a higher inclination of the central parts of the LMC. Our data confirm a higher rotation amplitude for the young (less than or similar to 0.5 Gyr) stars compared to the intermediate-age/old (greater than or similar to 1 Gyr) population, which can be explained by asymmetric drift. We constructed spatially resolved velocity maps of the intermediate-age/old and young populations. Intermediate-age/old stars follow elongated orbits parallel to the bar's major axis, providing first observational evidence for x(1) orbits within the LMC bar. In the innermost regions, the motions show more chaotic structures. Young stars show motions along a central filamentary bar structure.}, language = {en} } @article{PeterWenderingSchlickeiseretal.2022, author = {Peter, Lena and Wendering, D{\´e}sir{\´e}e Jacqueline and Schlickeiser, Stephan and Hoffmann, Henrike and Noster, Rebecca and Wagner, Dimitrios Laurin and Zarrinrad, Ghazaleh and M{\"u}nch, Sandra and Picht, Samira and Schulenberg, Sarah and Moradian, Hanieh and Mashreghi, Mir-Farzin and Klein, Oliver and Gossen, Manfred and Roch, Toralf and Babel, Nina and Reinke, Petra and Volk, Hans-Dieter and Amini, Leila and Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael}, title = {Tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products to prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients}, series = {Molecular therapy methods and clinical development}, volume = {25}, journal = {Molecular therapy methods and clinical development}, publisher = {Cell Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2329-0501}, doi = {10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.012}, pages = {52 -- 73}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receive therapeutic immunosuppression that compromises their immune response to infections and vaccines. For this reason, SOT patients have a high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an increased risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, the efficiency of immunotherapies and vaccines is reduced due to the constant immunosuppression in this patient group. Here, we propose adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells made resistant to a common immunosuppressant, tacrolimus, for optimized performance in the immunosuppressed patient. Using a ribonucleoprotein approach of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we have generated tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products from convalescent donors and demonstrate their specificity and function through characterizations at the single-cell level, including flow cytometry, single-cell RNA (scRNA) Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes (CITE), and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analyses. Based on the promising results, we aim for clinical validation of this approach in transplant recipients. Additionally, we propose a combinatory approach with tacrolimus, to prevent an overshooting immune response manifested as bystander T cell activation in the setting of severe COVID-19 immunopathology, and tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products, allowing for efficient clearance of viral infection. Our strategy has the potential to prevent severe COVID-19 courses in SOT or autoimmunity settings and to prevent immunopathology while providing viral clearance in severe non-transplant COVID-19 cases.}, language = {en} } @article{WiemkerBunovaNeufeldetal.2022, author = {Wiemker, Veronika and Bunova, Anna and Neufeld, Maria and Gornyi, Boris and Yurasova, Elena and Konigorski, Stefan and Kalinina, Anna and Kontsevaya, Anna and Ferreira-Borges, Carina and Probst, Charlotte}, title = {Pilot study to evaluate usability and acceptability of the 'Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool' in Russian primary healthcare}, series = {Digital health}, volume = {8}, journal = {Digital health}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {2055-2076}, doi = {10.1177/20552076211074491}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background and aims: Accurate and user-friendly assessment tools quantifying alcohol consumption are a prerequisite to effective prevention and treatment programmes, including Screening and Brief Intervention. Digital tools offer new potential in this field. We developed the 'Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool' (AAA-Tool), a mobile app providing an interactive version of the World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) that facilitates the description of individual alcohol consumption via culturally informed animation features. This pilot study evaluated the Russia-specific version of the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool with regard to (1) its usability and acceptability in a primary healthcare setting, (2) the plausibility of its alcohol consumption assessment results and (3) the adequacy of its Russia-specific vessel and beverage selection. Methods: Convenience samples of 55 patients (47\% female) and 15 healthcare practitioners (80\% female) in 2 Russian primary healthcare facilities self-administered the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool and rated their experience on the Mobile Application Rating Scale - User Version. Usage data was automatically collected during app usage, and additional feedback on regional content was elicited in semi-structured interviews. Results: On average, patients completed the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool in 6:38 min (SD = 2.49, range = 3.00-17.16). User satisfaction was good, with all subscale Mobile Application Rating Scale - User Version scores averaging >3 out of 5 points. A majority of patients (53\%) and practitioners (93\%) would recommend the tool to 'many people' or 'everyone'. Assessed alcohol consumption was plausible, with a low number (14\%) of logically impossible entries. Most patients reported the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool to reflect all vessels (78\%) and all beverages (71\%) they typically used. Conclusion: High acceptability ratings by patients and healthcare practitioners, acceptable completion time, plausible alcohol usage assessment results and perceived adequacy of region-specific content underline the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool's potential to provide a novel approach to alcohol assessment in primary healthcare. After its validation, the Animated Alcohol Assessment Tool might contribute to reducing alcohol-related harm by facilitating Screening and Brief Intervention implementation in Russia and beyond.}, language = {en} } @article{AlvaradoGomezCohenDrakeetal.2022, author = {Alvarado-G{\´o}mez, Juli{\´a}n D. and Cohen, Ofer and Drake, Jeremy J. and Fraschetti, Federico and Poppenh{\"a}ger, Katja and Garraffo, Cecilia and Chebly, Judy and Ilin, Ekaterina and Harbach, Laura and Kochukhov, Oleg}, title = {Simulating the space weather in the AU Mic system: stellar winds and extreme coronal mass ejections}, series = {Astrophysical journal}, volume = {928}, journal = {Astrophysical journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1538-4357}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac54b8}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Two close-in planets have been recently found around the M-dwarf flare star AU Microscopii (AU Mic). These Neptune-sized planets (AU Mic b and c) seem to be located very close to the so-called "evaporation valley" in the exoplanet population, making this system an important target for studying atmospheric loss on exoplanets. This process, while mainly driven by high-energy stellar radiation, will be strongly mediated by the space environment surrounding the planets. Here we present an investigation of this last area, performing 3D numerical modeling of the quiescent stellar wind from AU Mic, as well as time-dependent simulations describing the evolution of a highly energetic coronal mass ejection (CME) event in this system. Observational constraints on the stellar magnetic field and properties of the eruption are incorporated in our models. We carry out qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the stellar wind, the emerging CMEs, as well as the expected steady and transient conditions along the orbit of both exoplanets. Our results predict extreme space weather for AU Mic and its planets. This includes sub-Alfvenic regions for the large majority of the exoplanet orbits, very high dynamic and magnetic pressure values in quiescence (varying within 10(2)-10(5) times the dynamic pressure experienced by Earth), and an even harsher environment during the passage of any escaping CME associated with the frequent flaring observed in AU Mic. These space weather conditions alone pose an immense challenge for the survival of exoplanetary atmospheres (if any) in this system.}, language = {en} } @misc{Erol2022, author = {Erol, Adem Muzaffer}, title = {Ra'anana, Batyam ve Tel Aviv'de T{\"u}rkiyeli Yahudi Olma Halleri [1]}, series = {Avlaremoz}, journal = {Avlaremoz}, publisher = {Avlaremoz}, address = {Istanbul}, year = {2022}, abstract = {1. B{\"o}l{\"u}m: T{\"u}rkiye'den İsrail'e G{\"o}{\c{c}} Etmi{\c{s}} Yahudiler Pandemi, al{\i}{\c{s}}kanl{\i}klar{\i}m{\i}zda, planlar{\i}m{\i}zda, hayata bak{\i}{\c{s}} a{\c{c}}{\i}m{\i}zda geri d{\"o}n{\"u}lemez deği{\c{s}}iklikler yapt{\i}. Benim pay{\i}ma d{\"u}{\c{s}}en ise uzun zamand{\i}r {\"u}zerinde {\c{c}}al{\i}{\c{s}}t{\i}ğ{\i}m doktora tezimin olmazsa olmaz par{\c{c}}as{\i} olan İsrail'de yapmay{\i} planlad{\i}ğ{\i}m alan ara{\c{s}}t{\i}rmas{\i}n{\i}n iki sene boyunca s{\"u}rekli ertelenmesi oldu. {\"O}nce a{\c{s}}{\i} s{\i}ras{\i} bekledim sonra birinci ve ikinci doz aras{\i}ndaki on d{\"o}rt g{\"u}n{\"u}; bu s{\i}rada en {\c{c}}ok girdiğim internet sitesi İsrail D{\i}{\c{s}}i{\c{s}}leri Bakanl{\i}ğ{\i}'n{\i}n seyahat d{\"u}zenlemelerini payla{\c{s}}t{\i}ğ{\i} sayfas{\i} oldu. Kimi zaman detaylar aras{\i}nda kayboldum, b{\"u}rokrasinin {\c{c}}arklar{\i} aras{\i}nda "bu madde acaba i{\c{s}}ime yarar m{\i}?" diye beyhude ak{\i}llar y{\"u}r{\"u}tt{\"u}m. Tel Aviv {\"U}niversitesi'nden alan ara{\c{s}}t{\i}rmam{\i}n merakla desteklendiğini i{\c{c}}eren davet mektuplar{\i} ald{\i}m ama pandemi merakla desteklenen {\c{c}}al{\i}{\c{s}}maya iki kez bask{\i}n {\c{c}}{\i}kt{\i} ve vize ba{\c{s}}vurum iki kez reddedildi. Sonu{\c{c}} olarak 2020'nin ikinci yar{\i}s{\i}nda yapmam gereken alan ara{\c{s}}t{\i}rmas{\i}n{\i} 2022 y{\i}l{\i}n{\i}n Şubat ay{\i}na kadar ertelenmek zorunda kald{\i}m.}, language = {mul} } @book{OPUS4-64336, title = {Wir Mendes}, editor = {Martin, Katja and Heinzmann, Michael}, publisher = {Arijeh Verlag}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-944693-02-6}, pages = {227}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Frankfurt an der Oder verf{\"u}gte einst {\"u}ber bl{\"u}hendes j{\"u}disches Leben. Es gab j{\"u}dische Gesch{\"a}fte und Bankh{\"a}user, ein j{\"u}disches Kinderheim und Krankenhaus, Synagogen und Mikwen sowie einen großen j{\"u}dischen Friedhof. Die Geschichte der Bankiersfamilie Mende, die 30 Jahre lang in einem Haus am Lenn{\´e}park in der Halben Stadt lebte, steht symbolisch f{\"u}r die Zeit des liberalen deutsch-j{\"u}dischen B{\"u}rgertums an der Schwelle zum 20. Jahrhundert und gibt uns einen Einblick in ihren Alltag und ihr h{\"a}usliches Leben. Die Zeugnisse von Max Bamberger und K{\"a}the Mende dokumentieren die schweren ersten Jahre im 17. Jahrhundert als Neuank{\"o}mmlinge in Frankfurt an der Oder, die Auswirkungen der Aufkl{\"a}rung, die spannende Zeit der Industrialisierung und die Wirren des Ersten Weltkrieges. Auch gewinnen wir Aufschluss {\"u}ber die Zeit der Shoah, durch die deutsch-j{\"u}disches Leben ein j{\"a}hes Ende finden sollte. Nicht zuletzt stellen die Memoiren von Max Bamberger und K{\"a}the Mende einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Frankfurter Stadtgeschichte dar, die  —  versehen mit vielen am{\"u}santen Anekdoten  —  {\"u}berdies {\"a}ußerst unterhaltsam sind. Die Grundlage daf{\"u}r bildeten die Familienerinnerungen der Sozialp{\"a}dagogin und National{\"o}konomin K{\"a}the Mende und des {\"U}bersetzers Max Bamberger, die sich als Schreibmaschinenmanuskripte im Leo Baeck Institut f{\"u}r deutsch-j{\"u}dische Geschichte in New York befinden. Erg{\"a}nzt werden die Berichte durch historische Einordnungen und Erl{\"a}uterungen sowie eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die Geschichte des j{\"u}dischen Frankfurts. Hervorgegangen ist die Edition aus einem langj{\"a}hrigen gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt der J{\"u}dischen Studien an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam (Dr. Michael Heinzmann und Dr. Katja Martin) mit dem Institut f{\"u}r angewandte Geschichte - Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft im Dialog e.V. (Dr. Magdalena Abraham-Diefenbach und Dr. Markus Nesselrodt) und dem Selma Stern Zentrum f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien Berlin-Brandenburg, gef{\"o}rdert und unterst{\"u}tzt durch die Szloma-Albam-Stiftung.}, language = {de} } @misc{Erol2022, author = {Erol, Adem Muzaffer}, title = {Ra'anana, Batyam ve Tel Aviv'de T{\"u}rkiyeli Yahudi Olma Halleri [2]}, series = {Avlaremoz}, journal = {Avlaremoz}, publisher = {Avlaremoz}, address = {İstanbul}, year = {2022}, abstract = {2. B{\"o}l{\"u}m: T{\"u}rkiye Nostaljisinin ve Sefarad Haf{\i}zas{\i}n{\i}n Şehri: Batyam "Denizin K{\i}z{\i}" anlam{\i}na gelen Batyam, T{\"u}rkiyeli Yahudilerle ilgili yap{\i}lm{\i}{\c{s}} bir{\c{c}}ok {\c{c}}al{\i}{\c{s}}mada defalarca rastlad{\i}ğ{\i}m, Tel Aviv'in g{\"u}neyinde bulunan bir sahil {\c{s}}ehri. T{\"u}rkiyeli Yahudilerin 1948-1951, 1956-1957, 1961-1965 ve 1969-1972 y{\i}llar{\i} aras{\i}nda ger{\c{c}}ekle{\c{s}}en kitlesel g{\"o}{\c{c}} d{\"o}nemlerinden itibaren yerle{\c{s}}meye ba{\c{s}}lad{\i}klar{\i}, g{\"u}n{\"u}m{\"u}zde Rusya'dan gelen Yahudilerin de izlerinin {\c{c}}ok net izlenebildiği bir {\c{s}}ehir ayn{\i} zamanda[1]. T{\"u}rkiye ile İsrail'i birbirine bağlayan Batyam'{\i}n belki de en {\"o}nemli {\"o}zelliklerinden birisi tarihi, 1937 y{\i}l{\i}nda T{\"u}rkiyeli Yahudiler taraf{\i}ndan kurulan Irgun Ole T{\"u}rkiya adl{\i} derneğe dayanan İsrail'deki T{\"u}rkiyeliler Birliği'nin (Itahdut Yotsey Turkia BeIsrael) bulunduğu {\c{s}}ehir olmas{\i}.}, language = {mul} } @article{GeistGallagherKotullaetal.2022, author = {Geist, Emily and Gallagher, John S. and Kotulla, Ralf and Oskinova, Lida and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Ramachandran, Varsha and Sabbi, Elena and Smith, Linda J. and Kniazev, Alexey and Nota, Antonella and Rickard, Matthew J.}, title = {Ionization and star formation in the giant H ii region SMC-N66}, series = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, volume = {134}, journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, number = {1036}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-6280}, doi = {10.1088/1538-3873/ac697b}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The NGC 346 young stellar system and associated N66 giant H ii region in the Small Magellanic Cloud are the nearest example of a massive star-forming event in a low metallicity (Z approximate to 0.2Z (circle dot)) galaxy. With an age of less than or similar to 3 Myr this system provides a unique opportunity to study relationships between massive stars and their associated H ii region. Using archival data, we derive a total H alpha luminosity of L(H alpha) = 4.1 x 10(38) erg s(-1) corresponding to an H-photoionization rate of 3 x 10(50) s(-1). A comparison with a predicted stellar ionization rate derived from the more than 50 known O-stars in NGC 346, including massive stars recently classified from Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra, indicates an approximate ionization balance. Spectra obtained with SALT suggest the ionization structure of N66 could be consistent with some leakage of ionizing photons. Due to the low metallicity, the FUV luminosity from NGC 346 is not confined to the interstellar cloud associated with N66. Ionization extends through much of the spatial extent of the N66 cloud complex, and most of the cloud mass is not ionized. The stellar mass estimated from nebular L(H alpha) appears to be lower than masses derived from the census of resolved stars which may indicate a disconnect between the formation of high and low mass stars in this region. We briefly discuss implications of the properties of N66 for studies of star formation and stellar feedback in low metallicity environments.}, language = {en} } @article{PerottoniLimbergAmaranteetal.2022, author = {Perottoni, H{\´e}lio D. and Limberg, Guilherme and Amarante, Jo{\~a}o A. S. and Rossi, Silvia and Queiroz, Anna B. A. and Santucci, Rafael M. and P{\´e}rez-Villegas, Angeles and Chiappini, Cristina}, title = {The unmixed debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the form of a pair of halo stellar overdensities}, series = {Astrophysical journal letters}, volume = {936}, journal = {Astrophysical journal letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2041-8213}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ac88d6}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In the first billion years after its formation, the galaxy underwent several mergers with dwarf satellites of various masses. The debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), the galaxy responsible for the last significant merger of the Milky Way, dominates the inner halo and has been suggested to be the progenitor of both the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (HAC) and Virgo Overdensity (VOD). We combine SEGUE, APOGEE, Gaia, and StarHorse distances to characterize the chemodynamical properties and verify the link between HAC, VOD, and GSE. We find that the orbital eccentricity distributions of the stellar overdensities and GSE are comparable. We also find that they have similar, strongly peaked, metallicity distribution functions, reinforcing the hypothesis of common origin. Furthermore, we show that HAC and VOD are indistinguishable from the prototypical GSE population within all chemical-abundance spaces analyzed. All these evidences combined provide a clear demonstration that the GSE merger is the main progenitor of the stellar populations found within these halo overdensities.}, language = {en} } @article{XuGiannettiSugiyamaetal.2022, author = {Xu, Huizhen and Giannetti, Alessandro and Sugiyama, Yuki and Zheng, Wenna and Schneider, Ren{\´e} and Watanabe, Yoichiro and Oda, Yoshihisa and Persson, Staffan}, title = {Secondary cell wall patterning-connecting the dots, pits and helices}, series = {Open biology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Open biology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {2046-2441}, doi = {10.1098/rsob.210208}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine plant morphology, but also protect the cells against the environment. Certain cells also produce a secondary wall that supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining plant body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides that are arranged in certain patterns to support cell functions. A key requisite for patterned cell walls is the arrangement of cortical microtubules that may direct the delivery of wall polymers and/or cell wall producing enzymes to certain plasma membrane locations. Microtubules also steer the synthesis of cellulose-the load-bearing structure in cell walls-at the plasma membrane. The organization and behaviour of the microtubule array are thus of fundamental importance to cell wall patterns. These aspects are controlled by the coordinated effort of small GTPases that probably coordinate a Turing's reaction-diffusion mechanism to drive microtubule patterns. Here, we give an overview on how wall patterns form in the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants. We discuss systems that have been used to dissect mechanisms that underpin the xylem wall patterns, emphasizing the VND6 and VND7 inducible systems, and outline challenges that lay ahead in this field.}, language = {en} } @article{HagoortVuillermeHortobagyietal.2022, author = {Hagoort, Iris and Vuillerme, Nicolas and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Lamoth, Claudine J. C.}, title = {Outcome-dependent effects of walking speed and age on quantitative and qualitative gait measures}, series = {Gait \& posture}, volume = {93}, journal = {Gait \& posture}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Clare}, issn = {0966-6362}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.01.001}, pages = {39 -- 46}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Walking speed predicts many clinical outcomes in old age. However, a comprehensive assessment of how walking speed affects accelerometer based quantitative and qualitative gait measures in younger and older adults is lacking. Research question: What is the relationship between walking speed and quantitative and qualitative gait outcomes in younger and older adults? Methods: Younger (n = 27, age: 21.6) and older participants (n = 27, age: 69.5) completed 340 steps on a treadmill at speeds of 0.70 to a maximum of 1.75 m.s(-1). We used generalized additive mixed models to determine the relationship between walking speed and quantitative (stride length, stride time, stride frequency and their variability) and qualitative (stride regularity, stability, smoothness, symmetry, synchronization, predictability) gait measures extracted from trunk accelerations. Results: The type of relationship between walking speed and the majority of gait measures (quantitative and qualitative) was characterized as logarithmic, with more prominent speed-effects at speeds below 1.20 m.s(-1). Changes in quantitative measures included shorter strides, longer stride times, and a lower stride frequency, with more variability at lower speeds independent of age. For qualitative measures, we found a decrease in gait symmetry, stability and regularity in all directions with decreasing speeds, a decrease in gait predictability (Vertical, V, anterior-posterior, AP) and stronger gait synchronization (AP-mediolateral, ML, AP-V), and direction dependent effects of gait smoothness, which decreased in V direction, but increased in AP and ML directions with decreasing speeds. We found outcome-dependent effects of age on the quantitative and qualitative gait measures, with either no differences between age-groups, age-related differences that existed regardless of speed, and age-related differences in the type of relationship with walking speed. Significance: The relationship between walking speed and quantitative and qualitative gait measures, and the effects of age on this relationship, depends on the type of gait measure studied.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Rauschenbach2022, author = {Rauschenbach, Sina}, title = {Carvajal and the Franciscans}, series = {Apocalypse Now}, booktitle = {Apocalypse Now}, editor = {Tricoire, Damien and Laborie, Lionel}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon, New York}, isbn = {978-1-00-308105-0}, doi = {10.4324/9781003081050-9}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Luis de Carvajal the Younger (1567-1596) is without doubt one of the most famous victims of the Mexican Inquisition. In 1595, Luis and his family were found guilty of "Judaizing" and sentenced to death. Due to his autobiography and letters which survived in the dossiers of his trials, scholars have been able to trace important aspects of Carvajal's life, his religious thought, and his self-fashioning as a Jewish martyr. However, one question that has not yet been entirely discussed is Carvajal's messianism in the context of New World geographies and influences. This chapter uses Carvajal's autobiography, his letters, and his declarations during the trials to analyze the meaning of "the Americas" in Carvajal's eschatological thought and to reflect upon possible influences from Mexican Franciscans and Christian millenarians with whom Carvajal was in contact between 1590 and 1595. It places Carvajal's case in the broader context of recent studies of "converso messianism" and Jewish-Christian interactions in early modern eschatological and millenarian settings. It thus contributes to the exploration of entanglements between Jewish and Christian eschatological expectations in the early modern Atlantic World.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtWellenburgSchmitz2022, author = {Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian and Schmitz, Andreas}, title = {Divorce {\`a} l'allemande}, series = {Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales}, volume = {48}, journal = {Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales}, number = {3-4 (243-244)}, publisher = {Ed. du Seuil}, address = {Paris}, issn = {0335-5322}, doi = {10.3917/arss.243.0110}, pages = {110 -- 123}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Avec la cr{\´e}ation de l'Acad{\´e}mie de sociologie (AS), le champ sociologique allemand compte d{\´e}sormais une nouvelle association professionnelle qui s'ajoute {\`a} la Soci{\´e}t{\´e} allemande de sociologie (DGS), {\´e}tablie de longue date. Cet article passe en revue les principales positions discursives, les sujets de controverse majeurs ainsi que les grandes lignes de fracture qui ont conduit {\`a} ce schisme. Les conflits contemporains sont interpr{\´e}t{\´e}s au travers d'une repr{\´e}sentation empirique du champ de la sociologie allemande. De mani{\`e}re g{\´e}n{\´e}rale, la sociologie allemande contemporaine appara{\^i}t une fois de plus domin{\´e}e par deux camps oppos{\´e}s, arbitrairement d{\´e}finis mais puissants, qui se partagent la domination d'une discipline, pourtant r{\´e}ellement pluraliste.}, language = {fr} } @misc{Sancı2022, author = {Sanc{\i}, Kadir}, title = {Ramadan ABC}, series = {Sharing Ramadan-Heft}, journal = {Sharing Ramadan-Heft}, editor = {Forum Dialog e.V.,}, edition = {2}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Der Ramadan ist der soziale und spirituelle H{\"o}hepunkt des religi{\"o}sen Lebens der Muslim:innen. Motiviert und veranlasst durch den Ramadan soll jede:r Muslim:in diese M{\"o}glichkeit nutzen, um zuerst inneren Frieden zu schließen und dieses Wohlbefinden dann auf sein:ihr Umfeld zu {\"u}bertragen. In diesem Monat des Fastens kommen t{\"a}glich Verwandte, Freund:innen und Nachbar:innen an Iftar-Abenden zum Essen zusammen. In diesem Sinne strebten wir als Forum Dialog e.V. an, diese besonderen Momente und Erlebnisse mit unseren Freund:innen und Mitmenschen zu teilen und somit an Iftar-Abenden unter dem Motto "Sharing Ramadan" zusammenzukommen. Doch Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie ist es leider nur bedingt m{\"o}glich, an solchen gemeinschaft- und freundschaftsstiftenden Abenden zusammenzukommen. Wir m{\"o}chten jedoch weiterhin im Geiste des Ramadans und gem{\"a}ß unserem Motto "Sharing Ramadan" handeln und freuen uns, euch die zweite Auflage unseres Sharing Ramadan-Heftes zu pr{\"a}sentieren. Mit seinen informativen, spirituellen und unter-haltenden Inhalten hoffen wir, dass wir Ihnen die spirituelle Seite des Ramadans und seine Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Glaubenswelt der Muslim:innen n{\"a}herbringen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{CabiecesOlivar‐CastanoJunqueiraetal.2022, author = {Cabieces, Roberto and Olivar-Casta{\~n}o, Andr{\´e}s and Junqueira, Thiago C. and Relinque, Jes{\´u}s and Fernandez-Prieto, Luis M. and Vack{\´a}r, Jiř{\´i} and R{\"o}sler, Boris and Barco, Jaime and Pazos, Antonio and Garc{\´i}a-Mart{\´i}nez, Luz}, title = {Integrated Seismic Program (ISP): A new Python GUI-based software for earthquake seismology and seismic signal processing}, series = {Seismological research letters}, volume = {93}, journal = {Seismological research letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0895-0695}, doi = {10.1785/0220210205}, pages = {1895 -- 1908}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Integrated Seismic Program (ISP) is a graphical user interface designed to facilitate and provide a user-friendly framework for performing diverse common and advanced tasks in seismological research. ISP is composed of five main modules for earthquake location, time-frequency analysis and advanced signal processing, implementation of array techniques to estimate the slowness vector, seismic moment tensor inversion, and receiver function computation and analysis. In addition, several support tools are available, allowing the user to create an event database, download data from International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks services, inspect the background noise, and compute synthetic seismograms. ISP is written in Python3, supported by several open-source and/or publicly available tools. Its modular design allows for new features to be added in a collaborative development environment.}, language = {en} } @article{TabatabaeiAlseekhShahidetal.2022, author = {Tabatabaei, Iman and Alseekh, Saleh and Shahid, Mohammad and Leniak, Ewa and Wagner, Mateusz and Mahmoudi, Henda and Thushar, Sumitha and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Murphy, Kevin M. and Schm{\"o}ckel, Sandra M. and Tester, Mark and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Skirycz, Aleksandra and Balazadeh, Salma}, title = {The diversity of quinoa morphological traits and seed metabolic composition}, series = {Scientific data}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific data}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01399-y}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, which supports its agricultural cultivation under climate change conditions. The use of quinoa grains is compromised by anti-nutritional saponins, a terpenoid class of secondary metabolites deposited in the seed coat; their removal before consumption requires extensive washing, an economically and environmentally unfavorable process; or their accumulation can be reduced through breeding. In this study, we analyzed the seed metabolomes, including amino acids, fatty acids, and saponins, from 471 quinoa cultivars, including two related species, by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Additionally, we determined a large number of agronomic traits including biomass, flowering time, and seed yield. The results revealed considerable diversity between genotypes and provide a knowledge base for future breeding or genome editing of quinoa.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanchardPetitgirardLaurenzetal.2022, author = {Blanchard, Ingrid and Petitgirard, Sylvain and Laurenz, Vera and Miyajima, Nobuyoshi and Wilke, Max and Rubie, David C. and Lobanov, Sergey S. and Hennet, Louis and Morgenroth, Wolfgang and Tucoulou, R{\´e}mi and Bonino, Valentina and Zhao, Xuchao and Franchi, Ian}, title = {Chemical analysis of trace elements at the nanoscale in samples recovered from laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments}, series = {Physics and chemistry of minerals}, volume = {49}, journal = {Physics and chemistry of minerals}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0342-1791}, doi = {10.1007/s00269-022-01193-7}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {High pressure and high temperature experiments performed with laser-heated diamond anvil cells (LH-DAC) are being extensively used in geosciences to study matter at conditions prevailing in planetary interiors. Due to the size of the apparatus itself, the samples that are produced are extremely small, on the order of few tens of micrometers. There are several ways to analyze the samples and extract physical, chemical or structural information, using either in situ or ex situ methods. In this paper, we compare two nanoprobe techniques, namely nano-XRF and NanoSIMS, that can be used to analyze recovered samples synthetized in a LH-DAC. With these techniques, it is possible to extract the spatial distribution of chemical elements in the samples. We show the results for several standards and discuss the importance of proper calibration for the acquisition of quantifiable results. We used these two nanoprobe techniques to retrieve elemental ratios of dilute species (few tens of ppm) in quenched experimental molten samples relevant for the formation of the iron-rich core of the Earth. We finally discuss the applications of such probes to constrain the partitioning of trace elements between metal and silicate phases, with a focus on moderately siderophile elements, tungsten and molybdenum.}, language = {en} } @article{StojkoskiJolakoskiPaletal.2022, author = {Stojkoski, Viktor and Jolakoski, Petar and Pal, Arnab and Sandev, Trifce and Kocarev, Ljupco and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Income inequality and mobility in geometric Brownian motion with stochastic resetting: theoretical results and empirical evidence of non-ergodicity}, series = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences}, volume = {380}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences}, number = {2224}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {1364-503X}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2021.0157}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We explore the role of non-ergodicity in the relationship between income inequality, the extent of concentration in the income distribution, and income mobility, the feasibility of an individual to change their position in the income rankings. For this purpose, we use the properties of an established model for income growth that includes 'resetting' as a stabilizing force to ensure stationary dynamics. We find that the dynamics of inequality is regime-dependent: it may range from a strictly non-ergodic state where this phenomenon has an increasing trend, up to a stable regime where inequality is steady and the system efficiently mimics ergodicity. Mobility measures, conversely, are always stable over time, but suggest that economies become less mobile in non-ergodic regimes. By fitting the model to empirical data for the income share of the top earners in the USA, we provide evidence that the income dynamics in this country is consistently in a regime in which non-ergodicity characterizes inequality and immobility. Our results can serve as a simple rationale for the observed real-world income dynamics and as such aid in addressing non-ergodicity in various empirical settings across the globe.This article is part of the theme issue 'Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies'.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschKuboschBendauetal.2022, author = {Busch, Aglaja and Kubosch, Eva Johanna and Bendau, Antonia and Leonhart, Rainer and Meidl, Verena and Bretthauer, Berit and Petzold, Moritz Bruno and Dallmann, Petra and Wrobel, Nina and Plag, Jens and Str{\"o}hle, Andreas and Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja}, title = {Mental health in German paralympic athletes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a general population sample}, series = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-9367}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2022.870692}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has huge influences on daily life and is not only associated with physical but also with major psychological impacts. Mental health problems and disorders are frequently present in elite paralympic athletes. Due to the pandemic situation, new stressors (e.g., loss of routine, financial insecurity) might act upon the athletes. Therefore, the assessment of mental health in athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic is important to identify prevalence of psychological problems and propose countermeasures. MethodsThe mental health of German paralympic athletes was longitudinally monitored (starting in May 2019). The athletes completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4) on a weekly basis and reported a stress level, training hours, and training load. During the pandemic, 8 measurement time points (March 2020 to April 2021) were used to reflect the psychological health course of the athletes. In parallel, a convenience sample of the general population was questioned about their psychological distress, including the PHQ-4. To be included in the analysis, participants of both groups had to complete at least 4 measurement time points. Matching of the para-athletes and the general population sample was prioritized upon completion of the same measurement time points, gender, and age. ResultsSeventy-eight paralympic athletes (40 women, 38 men, age: 29.8 +/- 11.4 years) met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-eight matched pairs of the general population (40 women; 38 men; age: 30.5 +/- 10.9 years) were identified. The para-athletes had a significantly (p r <0.48) lower PHQ-4 value at each measurement time point compared to the matched control group. No significant age or sex differences were evident regarding the symptom burden. In para-athletes, no significant and a weak positive correlation was found between decreased training load and PHQ-4 values and a stress level, respectively. Reduced physical activity was significantly (p <0.0001) associated with higher PHQ-4 values in the general population sample. DiscussionLower PHQ-4 values were reported by the para-athletes compared to the general population sample. However, small sample sizes must be considered while interpreting the data. Nevertheless, adequate support for individuals suffering from severe psychopathological symptoms should be provided for para-athletes as well as for the general population.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwiederWesemeyerFrantzetal.2022, author = {Schwieder, Marcel and Wesemeyer, Maximilian and Frantz, David and Pfoch, Kira and Erasmi, Stefan and Pickert, J{\"u}rgen and Nendel, Claas and Hostert, Patrick}, title = {Mapping grassland mowing events across Germany based on combined Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 time series}, series = {Remote sensing of environment}, volume = {269}, journal = {Remote sensing of environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0034-4257}, doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Spatially explicit knowledge on grassland extent and management is critical to understand and monitor the impact of grassland use intensity on ecosystem services and biodiversity. While regional studies allow detailed insights into land use and ecosystem service interactions, information on a national scale can aid biodiversity assessments. However, for most European countries this information is not yet widely available. We used an analysis-ready-data cube that contains dense time series of co-registered Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data, covering the extent of Germany. We propose an algorithm that detects mowing events in the time series based on residuals from an assumed undisturbed phenology, as an indicator of grassland use intensity. A self-adaptive ruleset enabled to account for regional variations in land surface phenology and non-stationary time series on a pixelbasis. We mapped mowing events for the years from 2017 to 2020 for permanent grassland areas in Germany. The results were validated on a pixel level in four of the main natural regions in Germany based on reported mowing events for a total of 92 (2018) and 78 (2019) grassland parcels. Results for 2020 were evaluated with combined time series of Landsat, Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope data. The mean absolute percentage error between detected and reported mowing events was on average 40\% (2018), 36\% (2019) and 35\% (2020). Mowing events were on average detected 11 days (2018), 7 days (2019) and 6 days (2020) after the reported mowing. Performance measures varied between the different regions of Germany, and lower accuracies were found in areas that are revisited less frequently by Sentinel-2. Thus, we assessed the influence of data availability and found that the detection of mowing events was less influenced by data availability when at least 16 cloud-free observations were available in the grassland season. Still, the distribution of available observations throughout the season appeared to be critical. On a national scale our results revealed overall higher shares of less intensively mown grasslands and smaller shares of highly intensively managed grasslands. Hotspots of the latter were identified in the alpine foreland in Southern Germany as well as in the lowlands in the Northwest of Germany. While these patterns were stable throughout the years, the results revealed a tendency to lower management intensity in the extremely dry year 2018. Our results emphasize the ability of the approach to map the intensity of grassland management throughout large areas despite variations in data availability and environmental conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{LiShenZhangetal.2022, author = {Li, Jian and Shen, Jinhua and Zhang, Xiaoli and Peng, Yangqin and Zhang, Qin and Hu, Liang and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Zeng, Suimin and Li, Jing and Tian, Mei and Gong, Fei and Lin, Ge and Hocher, Berthold}, title = {Risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-12149-w}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd-37th gestational week) and early preterm birth (20th-32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: (a) early preterm birth group (n = 66), (b) preterm birth group (n = 675) and (c) full-term birth group (n = 3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (> 39) or younger (< 25) maternal age (OR: 1.504, 95\% CI 1.108-2.042, P = 0.009; OR: 2.125, 95\% CI 1.049-4.304, P = 0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95\% CI 8.014-11.935, P < 0.001; OR: 8.588, 95\% CI 4.866-15.157, P < 0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95\% CI 8.053-27.767, P < 0.001; OR: 16.479, 95\% CI 4.381-61.976, P < 0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95\% CI 1.736-7.249, P = 0.001; OR: 7.145, 95\% CI 1.990-25.663, P = 0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95\% CI 1.770-3.514, P < 0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95\% CI 1.011-1.240, P = 0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95\% CI 0.949-0.985, P < 0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.}, language = {en} } @article{DelfanJuybariGorganiFiruzjaeeetal.2022, author = {Delfan, Maryam and Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh and Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar and H{\o}iriis Nielsen, Jens and Delfan, Neda and Laher, Ismail and Saeidi, Ayoub and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {High-intensity interval training improves cardiac function by miR-206 dependent HSP60 induction in diabetic rats}, series = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2297-055X}, doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.927956}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {ObjectiveA role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. MethodsEighteen male Wistar rats (260 +/- 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. ResultsBoth exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20\% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.976), with a nearly 50\% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. ConclusionsOur results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers.}, language = {en} } @article{WeidleWiesenbergElSharkawyetal.2022, author = {Weidle, Christian and Wiesenberg, Lars and El-Sharkawy, Amr and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Scharf, Andreas and Agard, Philippe and Meier, Thomas}, title = {A 3-D crustal shear wave velocity model and Moho map below the Semail Ophiolite, eastern Arabia}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {231}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggac223}, pages = {817 -- 834}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Semail Ophiolite in eastern Arabia is the largest and best-exposed slice of oceanic lithosphere on land. Detailed knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the shallow crust, in particular during and after ophiolite obduction in Late Cretaceous times is contrasted by few constraints on physical and compositional properties of the middle and lower continental crust below the obducted units. The role of inherited, pre-obduction crustal architecture remains therefore unaccounted for in our understanding of crustal evolution and the present-day geology. Based on seismological data acquired during a 27-month campaign in northern Oman, Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography and Receiver Function analysis provide for the first time a 3-D radially anisotropic shear wave velocity (V-S) model and a consistent Moho map below the iconic Semail Ophiolite. The model highlights deep crustal boundaries that segment the eastern Arabian basement in two distinct units. The previously undescribed Western Jabal Akhdar Zone separates Arabian crust with typical continental properties and a thickness of similar to 40-45 km in the northwest from a compositionally different terrane in the southeast that is interpreted as a terrane accreted during the Pan-African orogeny in Neoproterozoic times. East of the Ibra Zone, another deep crustal boundary, crustal thickness decreases to 30-35 km and very high lower crustal V-S suggest large-scale mafic intrusions into, and possible underplating of the Arabian continental crust that occurred most likely during Permian breakup of Pangea. Mafic reworking is sharply bounded by the (upper crustal) Semail Gap Fault Zone, northwest of which no such high velocities are found in the crust. Topography of the Oman Mountains is supported by a mild crustal root and Moho depth below the highest topography, the Jabal Akhdar Dome, is similar to 42 km. Radial anisotropy is robustly resolved in the upper crust and aids in discriminating dipping allochthonous units from autochthonous sedimentary rocks that are indistinguishable by isotropic V-S alone. Lateral thickness variations of the ophiolite highlight the Haylayn Ophiolite Massif on the northern flank of Jabal Akhdar Dome and the Hawasina Window as the deepest reaching unit. Ophiolite thickness is similar to 10 km in the southern and northern massifs, and <= 5 km elsewhere.}, language = {en} } @article{AlshareefOtterbachAlluetal.2022, author = {Alshareef, Nouf Owdah and Otterbach, Sophie L. and Allu, Annapurna Devi and Woo, Yong H. and de Werk, Tobias and Kamranfar, Iman and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Tester, Mark and Balazadeh, Salma and Schm{\"o}ckel, Sandra M.}, title = {NAC transcription factors ATAF1 and ANAC055 affect the heat stress response in Arabidopsis}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-14429-x}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Pre-exposing (priming) plants to mild, non-lethal elevated temperature improves their tolerance to a later higher-temperature stress (triggering stimulus), which is of great ecological importance. 'Thermomemory' is maintaining this tolerance for an extended period of time. NAM/ATAF1/2/ CUC2 (NAC) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that modulate responses to abiotic stresses, including heat stress (HS). Here, we investigated the potential role of NACs for thermomemory. We determined the expression of 104 Ara bidopsis NAC genes after priming and triggering heat stimuli, and found ATAF1 expression is strongly induced right after priming and declines below control levels thereafter during thermorecovery. Knockout mutants of ATAF1 show better thermomemory than wild type, revealing a negative regulatory role. Differential expression analyses of RNA-seq data from ATAF1 overexpressor, ataf1 mutant and wild-type plants after heat priming revealed five genes that might be priming-associated direct targets of ATAF1: AT2G31260 (ATG9), AT2G41640 (GT61), AT3G44990 (XTH31), AT4G27720 and AT3G23540. Based on co-expression analyses applied to the aforementioned RNA-seq profiles, we identified ANAC055 to be transcriptionally co-regulated with ATAF1. Like atafl, anac055 mutants show improved thermomemory, revealing a potential co-control of both NACTFs over thermomemory. Our data reveals a core importance of two NAC transcription factors, ATAF1 and ANAC055, for thermomemory.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidPetersenHooftetal.2022, author = {Schmid, Florian and Petersen, Gesa M. and Hooft, Emilie E. E. and Paulatto, Michele and Chrapkiewicz, Kajetan and Hensch, Martin and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Heralds of future volcanism: Swarms of microseismicity beneath the submarine Kolumbo volcano indicate opening of near-vertical fractures exploited by ascending melts}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, volume = {23}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2022GC010420}, pages = {21}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the southern Aegean (Greece) is associated with repeated seismic unrest since at least two decades and the causes of this unrest are poorly understood. We present a ten-month long microseismicity data set for the period 2006-2007. The majority of earthquakes cluster in a cone-shaped portion of the crust below Kolumbo. The tip of this cone coincides with a low Vp-anomaly at 2-4 km depth, which is interpreted as a crustal melt reservoir. Our data set includes several earthquake swarms, of which we analyze the four with the highest events numbers in detail. Together the swarms form a zone of fracturing elongated in the SW-NE direction, parallel to major regional faults. All four swarms show a general upward migration of hypocenters and the cracking front propagates unusually fast, compared to swarms in other volcanic areas. We conclude that the swarm seismicity is most likely triggered by a combination of pore-pressure perturbations and the re-distribution of elastic stresses. Fluid pressure perturbations are induced likely by obstructions in the melt conduits in a rheologically strong layer between 6 and 9 km depth. We conclude that the zone of fractures below Kolumbo is exploited by melts ascending from the mantle and filling the crustal melt reservoir. Together with the recurring seismic unrest, our study suggests that a future eruption is probable and monitoring of the Kolumbo volcanic system is highly advisable.}, language = {en} } @article{HoangGryzikHoppeetal.2022, author = {Hoang, Yen and Gryzik, Stefanie and Hoppe, Ines and Rybak, Alexander and Sch{\"a}dlich, Martin and Kadner, Isabelle and Walther, Dirk and Vera, Julio and Radbruch, Andreas and Groth, Detlef and Baumgart, Sabine and Baumgrass, Ria}, title = {PRI: Re-analysis of a public mass cytometry dataset reveals patterns of effective tumor treatments}, series = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.849329}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recently, mass cytometry has enabled quantification of up to 50 parameters for millions of cells per sample. It remains a challenge to analyze such high-dimensional data to exploit the richness of the inherent information, even though many valuable new analysis tools have already been developed. We propose a novel algorithm "pattern recognition of immune cells (PRI)" to tackle these high-dimensional protein combinations in the data. PRI is a tool for the analysis and visualization of cytometry data based on a three or more-parametric binning approach, feature engineering of bin properties of multivariate cell data, and a pseudo-multiparametric visualization. Using a publicly available mass cytometry dataset, we proved that reproducible feature engineering and intuitive understanding of the generated bin plots are helpful hallmarks for re-analysis with PRI. In the CD4(+)T cell population analyzed, PRI revealed two bin-plot patterns (CD90/CD44/CD86 and CD90/CD44/CD27) and 20 bin plot features for threshold-independent classification of mice concerning ineffective and effective tumor treatment. In addition, PRI mapped cell subsets regarding co-expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 with two major transcription factors and further delineated a specific Th1 cell subset. All these results demonstrate the added insights that can be obtained using the non-cluster-based tool PRI for re-analyses of high-dimensional cytometric data.}, language = {en} } @article{HafnerHommelKayhanetal.2022, author = {Hafner, Verena and Hommel, Bernhard and Kayhan, Ezgi and Lee, Dongheui and Paulus, Markus and Verschoor, Stephan}, title = {Editorial: The mechanisms underlying the human minimal self}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961480}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{XuDongJieetal.2022, author = {Xu, Yaolin and Dong, Kang and Jie, Yulin and Adelhelm, Philipp and Chen, Yawei and Xu, Liang and Yu, Peiping and Kim, Junghwa and Kochovski, Zdravko and Yu, Zhilong and Li, Wanxia and LeBeau, James and Shao-Horn, Yang and Cao, Ruiguo and Jiao, Shuhong and Cheng, Tao and Manke, Ingo and Lu, Yan}, title = {Promoting mechanistic understanding of lithium deposition and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation using advanced characterization and simulation methods: recent progress, limitations, and future perspectives}, series = {Avanced energy materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Avanced energy materials}, number = {19}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1614-6832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.202200398}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In recent years, due to its great promise in boosting the energy density of lithium batteries for future energy storage, research on the Li metal anode, as an alternative to the graphite anode in Li-ion batteries, has gained significant momentum. However, the practical use of Li metal anodes has been plagued by unstable Li (re)deposition and poor cyclability. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the stabilization of Li metal anodes, the mechanisms of electrochemical (re-)deposition/dissolution of Li and solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation remain elusive. This article highlights the recent mechanistic understandings and observations of Li deposition/dissolution and SEI formation achieved from advanced characterization techniques and simulation methods, and discusses major limitations and open questions in these processes. In particular, the authors provide their perspectives on advanced and emerging/potential methods for obtaining new insights into these questions. In addition, they give an outlook into cutting-edge interdisciplinary research topics for Li metal anodes. It pushes beyond the current knowledge and is expected to accelerate development toward a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding, in order to guide future research on Li metal anodes toward practical application.}, language = {en} } @article{MusterGaede2022, author = {Muster, Judith and Gaede, Lars}, title = {Nach Hause gegangen, um zu bleiben}, series = {Personal.magazin : Impulse zur Gestaltung der Arbeitswelt}, journal = {Personal.magazin : Impulse zur Gestaltung der Arbeitswelt}, number = {7}, publisher = {Haufe-Lexware}, address = {Freiburg, Br.}, issn = {1438-4558}, pages = {16 -- 20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die B{\"u}chse der Pandora ist ge{\"o}ffnet. Mitarbeitende haben kein Interesse daran, sich wieder an der jeweiligen Firmenadresse einzufinden. Viele Neueingestellte haben das Homeoffice als Selbstverst{\"a}ndlichkeit kennengelernt. Betriebsvereinbarungen sehen viele Freiheiten vor, die Verantwortung f{\"u}r die Umsetzung liegt im mittleren Management. Doch welche Instrumente zur Steuerung haben F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte? Wie ver{\"a}ndert sich ihre Rolle? Eine Studie der Organisationsberatung Metaplan.}, language = {de} } @article{ChaabeneMarkovPrieskeetal.2022, author = {Chaabene, Helmi and Markov, Adrian and Prieske, Olaf and Moran, Jason and Behrens, Martin and Negra, Yassine and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo and Koch, Ulrike and Mkaouer, Bessem}, title = {Effect of flywheel versus traditional resistance training on change of direction performance in male athletes}, series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1661-7827}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127061}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of flywheel resistance training (FRT) versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on change of direction (CoD) performance in male athletes. Methods: Five databases were screened up to December 2021. Results: Seven studies were included. The results indicated a significantly larger effect of FRT compared with TRT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64). A within-group comparison indicated a significant large effect of FRT on CoD performance (SMD = 1.63). For TRT, a significant moderate effect was observed (SMD = 0.62). FRT of <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a significant large effect (SMD = 1.33), whereas no significant effect was noted for >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a significant large effect of <= 12 FRT sessions (SMD = 1.83) was observed, with no effect of >12 sessions. Regarding TRT, no significant effects of any of the training factors were detected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT appears to be more effective than TRT in improving CoD performance in male athletes. Independently computed single training factor analyses for FRT indicated that <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a larger effect on CoD performance than >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a total of <= 12 FRT sessions induced a larger effect than >12 training sessions. Practitioners in sports, in which accelerative and decelerative actions occur in quick succession to change direction, should regularly implement FRT.}, language = {en} } @article{MusterBorggraefe2022, author = {Muster, Judith and Borggr{\"a}fe, Julia}, title = {Digitalisierung versus Dienstweg}, series = {Organisationsentwicklung}, journal = {Organisationsentwicklung}, number = {2}, publisher = {Solutions by Handelsblatt Media Group GmbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0724-6110}, pages = {54 -- 58}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die digitale Transformation hat einen massiven Einfluss auf die Aus- und Umgestaltung von Organisationen und Strukturen. Dies gilt nicht nur f{\"u}r Unternehmen, sondern auch f{\"u}r die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung. Dort laufen die Fragen der Digitalisierung auf und sollen in Entscheidungen {\"u}bersetzt werden. Digitalisierungsthemen f{\"u}gen sich allerdings nicht in das typische Schema von Ministerien, Ressorts und Abteilungen ein: Sie k{\"o}nnen nur ressort{\"u}bergreifend und unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher politischer, zivilgesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Akteure bearbeitet werden. Dies widerspricht dem klassischen Zust{\"a}ndigkeitsprinzip in der Verwaltung, das eine gemeinsame Erarbeitung von Themen grunds{\"a}tzlich nicht vorsieht.}, language = {de} } @article{MayerLeverPicconietal.2022, author = {Mayer, Dennis and Lever, Fabiano and Picconi, David and Metje, Jan and Ališauskas, Skirmantas and Calegari, Francesca and D{\"u}sterer, Stefan and Ehlert, Christopher and Feifel, Raimund and Niebuhr, Mario and Manschwetus, Bastian and Kuhlmann, Marion and Mazza, Tommaso and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Squibb, Richard J. and Trabattoni, Andrea and Wallner, M{\aa}ns and Saalfrank, Peter and Wolf, Thomas J. A. and G{\"u}hr, Markus}, title = {Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy}, series = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.}, language = {en} } @article{BusseSimonPetroffetal.2022, author = {Busse, David and Simon, Philipp and Petroff, David and El-Najjar, Nahed and Schmitt, Lisa and Bindellini, Davide and Dietrich, Arne and Zeitlinger, Markus and Huisinga, Wilhelm and Michelet, Robin and Wrigge, Hermann and Kloft, Charlotte}, title = {High-dosage fosfomycin results in adequate plasma and target-site exposure in morbidly obese and nonobese nonhyperfiltration patients}, series = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy}, volume = {66}, journal = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0066-4804}, doi = {10.1128/aac.02302-21}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The objectives of this study were the identification in (morbidly) obese and nonobese patients of (i) the most appropriate body size descriptor for fosfomycin dose adjustments and (ii) adequacy of the currently employed dosing regimens. Plasma and target site (interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue) concentrations after fosfomycin administration (8 g) to 30 surgery patients (15 obese/15 nonobese) were obtained from a prospective clinical trial. After characterization of plasma and microdialysis-derived target site pharmacokinetics via population analysis, short-term infusions of fosfomycin 3 to 4 times daily were simulated. The adequacy of therapy was assessed by probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (PTA) analysis based on the unbound drug-related targets of an \%fT(>= MIC) (the fraction of time that unbound fosfomycin concentrations exceed the MIC during 24 h) of 70 and an fAUC(0-24h)/MIC (the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h for the unbound fraction of fosfomycin relative to the MIC) of 40.8 to 83.3. Lean body weight, fat mass, and creatinine clearance calculated via adjusted body weight (ABW) (CLCRCG_ABW) of all patients (body mass index [BMI] = 20.1 to 52.0 kg/m(2)) explained a considerable proportion of between-patient pharmacokinetic variability (up to 31.0\% relative reduction). The steady-state unbound target site/plasma concentration ratio was 26.3\% lower in (morbidly) obese than nonobese patients. For infections with fosfomycin-susceptible pathogens (MIC <= 16 mg/L), intermittent "high-dosage" intravenous (i.v.) fosfomycin (8 g, three times daily) was sufficient to treat patients with a CLCRCG_ABW of,130 mL/min, irrespective of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices considered. For infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a MIC of 32 mg/L, when the index fAUC0-24h/MIC is applied, fosfomycin might represent a promising treatment option in obese and nonobese patients, especially in combination therapy to complement beta-lactams, in which carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is critical. In conclusion, fosfomycin showed excellent target site penetration in obese and nonobese patients. Dosing should be guided by renal function rather than obesity status.}, language = {en} } @article{TianQinZhangetal.2022, author = {Tian, Fang and Qin, Wen and Zhang, Ran and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Ni, Jian and Zhang, Chengjun and Mischke, Steffen and Cao, Xianyong}, title = {Palynological evidence for the temporal stability of the plant community in the Yellow River Source Area over the last 7,400 years}, series = {Vegetation history and archaeobotany}, volume = {31}, journal = {Vegetation history and archaeobotany}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0939-6314}, doi = {10.1007/s00334-022-00870-5}, pages = {549 -- 558}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA) is sensitive to climate change and human impacts, although past vegetation change and the degree of human disturbance are still largely unknown. A 170-cm-long sediment core covering the last 7,400 years was collected from Lake Xingxinghai (XXH) in the YRSA. Pollen, together with a series of other environmental proxies (including grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate content), were analysed to explore past vegetation and environmental changes for the YRSA. Dominant and common pollen components-Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae-are stable throughout the last 7,400 years. Slight vegetation change is inferred from an increasing trend of Cyperaceae and decreasing trend of Poaceae, suggesting that alpine steppe was replaced by alpine meadow at ca. 3.5 ka cal bp. The vegetation transformation indicates a generally wetter climate during the middle and late Holocene, which is supported by increased amounts of TOC and Pediastrum (representing high water-level) and is consistent with previous past climate records from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results find no evidence of human impact on the regional vegetation surrounding XXH, hence we conclude the vegetation change likely reflects the regional climate signal.}, language = {en} } @article{VatovaRubinGrossartetal.2022, author = {Vatova, Mariyana and Rubin, Conrad and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Goncalves, Susana C. and Schmidt, Susanne I. and Jarić, Ivan}, title = {Aquatic fungi: largely neglected targets for conservation}, series = {Frontiers in ecology and the environment}, volume = {20}, journal = {Frontiers in ecology and the environment}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1540-9295}, doi = {10.1002/fee.2495}, pages = {207 -- 209}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{GluecklerGengGrimmetal.2022, author = {Gl{\"u}ckler, Ramesh and Geng, Rongwei and Grimm, Lennart and Baisheva, Izabella and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. and Kruse, Stefan and Andreev, Andrej Aleksandrovic and Pestryakova, Luidmila and Dietze, Elisabeth}, title = {Holocene wildfire and vegetation dynamics in Central Yakutia, Siberia, reconstructed from lake-sediment proxies}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.962906}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wildfires play an essential role in the ecology of boreal forests. In eastern Siberia, fire activity has been increasing in recent years, challenging the livelihoods of local communities. Intensifying fire regimes also increase disturbance pressure on the boreal forests, which currently protect the permafrost beneath from accelerated degradation. However, long-term relationships between changes in fire regime and forest structure remain largely unknown. We assess past fire-vegetation feedbacks using sedimentary proxy records from Lake Satagay, Central Yakutia, Siberia, covering the past c. 10,800 years. Results from macroscopic and microscopic charcoal analyses indicate high amounts of burnt biomass during the Early Holocene, and that the present-day, low-severity surface fire regime has been in place since c. 4,500 years before present. A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of vegetation cover and a terrestrial plant record based on sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding suggest a pronounced shift in forest structure toward the Late Holocene. Whereas the Early Holocene was characterized by postglacial open larch-birch woodlands, forest structure changed toward the modern, mixed larch-dominated closed-canopy forest during the Mid-Holocene. We propose a potential relationship between open woodlands and high amounts of burnt biomass, as well as a mediating effect of dense larch forest on the climate-driven intensification of fire regimes. Considering the anticipated increase in forest disturbances (droughts, insect invasions, and wildfires), higher tree mortality may force the modern state of the forest to shift toward an open woodland state comparable to the Early Holocene. Such a shift in forest structure may result in a positive feedback on currently intensifying wildfires. These new long-term data improve our understanding of millennial-scale fire regime changes and their relationships to changes of vegetation in Central Yakutia, where the local population is already being confronted with intensifying wildfire seasons.}, language = {en} } @book{MatthiesenMusterLaudenbach2022, author = {Matthiesen, Kai and Muster, Judith and Laudenbach, Peter}, title = {Die Humanisierung der Organisation}, publisher = {Verlag Franz Vahlen}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8006-6757-4}, doi = {10.15358/9783800667581}, pages = {253}, year = {2022}, abstract = {F{\"u}r Menschen, die unter Organisationen leiden, sie l{\"a}stig finden oder einfach besser verstehen wollen. Zu den Missverst{\"a}ndnissen, die das Dasein in Organisationen unn{\"o}tig schwer machen, geh{\"o}rt die Annahme, Kern und Kernproblem einer Organisation seien die Menschen, die in ihr arbeiten. Diese Unterstellung macht den Einzelnen zum Puffer, der gen{\"o}tigt wird, jedes Organisationsversagen aufzufangen - eine Aufgabe, an der man nur scheitern kann. Statt das Verhalten der Einzelnen heroisch zu glorifizieren oder therapeutisch zu problematisieren, interessieren uns die Verh{\"a}ltnisse, in denen sich dieses Verhalten abspielt. Dieses Buch richtet den Blick deshalb auf die Funktionslogiken der Organisation. Statt die Menschen mit Coachings und Identifikationsappellen zu bearbeiten, um sie an die Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Organisation anzupassen, w{\"a}re es hilfreich, die Organisationsstrukturen an die Bed{\"u}rfnisse ihrer Mitglieder und der Arbeitsabl{\"a}ufe anzupassen.}, language = {de} } @article{WrightWachsHuangetal.2022, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Huang, Zheng and Kamble, Shanmukh V. and Soudi, Shruti and Bayraktar, Fatih and Li, Zheng and Lei, Li and Shu, Chang}, title = {Longitudinal associations among Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and adolescents' cyberbullying involvement}, series = {The journal of genetic psychology : research and theory on human development}, volume = {183}, journal = {The journal of genetic psychology : research and theory on human development}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0022-1325}, doi = {10.1080/00221325.2022.2095251}, pages = {482 -- 493}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Drawing on the social-ecological perspective, this longitudinal study investigated the potential moderating effect of gender in the relationships among Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and cyberbullying involvement (i.e. victimization, perpetration) among adolescents from China, Cyprus, India, and the United States. There were 2,452 adolescents (M-age = 14.85; SD = .53; 13-16 years old; 49.1\% girls) from China, Cyprus, India, and the United States included in this study. They completed surveys on Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration during the fall of 2014 (Time 1). One year later, during the fall of 2015, adolescents completed surveys on cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Findings revealed that Machiavellianism and popularity goals were both associated positively with Time 2 cyberbullying victimization and perpetration for all adolescents. The associations between Machiavellianism and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration and between popularity goals and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for Chinese and Indian boys than girls. Opposite patterns were found for popularity goals and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration for adolescents from the United States. Gender did not moderate any of the associations for Cypriot adolescents or for Time 2 cyberbullying victimization. The social-ecological perspective provides a useful understanding of how various contexts influence bullying.}, language = {en} } @article{LiuIgnatovaKimbergetal.2022, author = {Liu, Ji-Cai and Ignatova, Nina and Kimberg, Victor and Krasnov, Pavel and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Simon, Marc and Gel'mukhanov, Faris}, title = {Time-resolved study of recoil-induced rotation by X-ray pump - X-ray probe spectroscopy}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {24}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {11}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/d1cp05000a}, pages = {6627 -- 6638}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Modern stationary X-ray spectroscopy is unable to resolve rotational structure. In the present paper, we propose to use time-resolved two color X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy with picosecond resolution for real-time monitoring of the rotational dynamics induced by the recoil effect. The proposed technique consists of two steps. The first short pump X-ray pulse ionizes the valence electron, which transfers angular momentum to the molecule. The second time-delayed short probe X-ray pulse resonantly excites a 1s electron to the created valence hole. Due to the recoil-induced angular momentum the molecule rotates and changes the orientation of transition dipole moment of core-excitation with respect to the transition dipole moment of the valence ionization, which results in a temporal modulation of the probe X-ray absorption as a function of the delay time between the pulses. We developed an accurate theory of the X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy of the recoil-induced rotation and study how the energy of the photoelectron and thermal dephasing affect the structure of the time-dependent X-ray absorption using the CO molecule as a case-study. We also discuss the feasibility of experimental observation of our theoretical findings, opening new perspectives in studies of molecular rotational dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{AbiusoHolubecAndersetal.2022, author = {Abiuso, Paolo and Holubec, Viktor and Anders, Janet and Ye, Zhuolin and Cerisola, Federico and Perarnau-Llobet, Marti}, title = {Thermodynamics and optimal protocols of multidimensional quadratic Brownian systems}, series = {Journal of physics communications}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of physics communications}, number = {6}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2399-6528}, doi = {10.1088/2399-6528/ac72f8}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We characterize finite-time thermodynamic processes of multidimensional quadratic overdamped systems. Analytic expressions are provided for heat, work, and dissipation for any evolution of the system covariance matrix. The Bures-Wasserstein metric between covariance matrices naturally emerges as the local quantifier of dissipation. General principles of how to apply these geometric tools to identify optimal protocols are discussed. Focusing on the relevant slow-driving limit, we show how these results can be used to analyze cases in which the experimental control over the system is partial.}, language = {en} } @article{WelkeSperberBergmannetal.2022, author = {Welke, Robert-William and Sperber, Hannah Sabeth and Bergmann, Ronny and Koikkarah, Amit and Menke, Laura and Sieben, Christian and Kr{\"u}ger, Detlev H. and Chiantia, Salvatore and Herrmann, Andreas and Schwarzer, Roland}, title = {Characterization of hantavirus N protein intracellular dynamics and localization}, series = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, journal = {Viruses}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1999-4915}, doi = {10.3390/v14030457}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection. In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn. We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies. Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other. Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins.}, language = {en} } @article{MatthiesenMuster2022, author = {Matthiesen, Kai and Muster, Judith}, title = {Die unsicherste L{\"o}sung in unsicheren Zeiten}, series = {Changement! : Ver{\"a}nderungsprozesse aktiv gestalten}, journal = {Changement! : Ver{\"a}nderungsprozesse aktiv gestalten}, number = {9}, publisher = {Solutions by Handelsblatt Media Group GmbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {2510-4926}, pages = {22 -- 25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In Krisenzeiten ist der Ruf nach F{\"u}hrung besonders popul{\"a}r. Dabei ist gerade F{\"u}hrung selbst eines der unsichersten Mittel, die der Organisation zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Hingegen wird das Potenzial von Strukturen zu wenig gesehen. Wenn in unsicheren Situationen der Wunsch nach Orientierung und Klarheit groß ist, k{\"o}nnen h{\"a}ufig strukturelle Entscheidungen die notwendigen Sicherheiten vermitteln.}, language = {de} } @article{InceogluShpritsHeinemannetal.2022, author = {Inceoglu, Fadil and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Heinemann, Stephan G. and Bianco, Stefano}, title = {Identification of coronal holes on AIA/SDO images using unsupervised machine learning}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {930}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1538-4357}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f43}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Through its magnetic activity, the Sun governs the conditions in Earth's vicinity, creating space weather events, which have drastic effects on our space- and ground-based technology. One of the most important solar magnetic features creating the space weather is the solar wind that originates from the coronal holes (CHs). The identification of the CHs on the Sun as one of the source regions of the solar wind is therefore crucial to achieve predictive capabilities. In this study, we used an unsupervised machine-learning method, k-means, to pixel-wise cluster the passband images of the Sun taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory in 171, 193, and 211 angstrom in different combinations. Our results show that the pixel-wise k-means clustering together with systematic pre- and postprocessing steps provides compatible results with those from complex methods, such as convolutional neural networks. More importantly, our study shows that there is a need for a CH database where a consensus about the CH boundaries is reached by observers independently. This database then can be used as the "ground truth," when using a supervised method or just to evaluate the goodness of the models.}, language = {en} } @article{LehmannKuhnKelleretal.2022, author = {Lehmann, Nico and Kuhn, Yves-Alain and Keller, Martin and Aye, Norman and Herold, Fabian and Draganski, Bogdan and Taube, Wolfgang and Taubert, Marco}, title = {Brain activation during active balancing and its behavioral relevance in younger and older adults}, series = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1663-4365}, doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2022.828474}, pages = {20}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Age-related deterioration of balance control is widely regarded as an important phenomenon influencing quality of life and longevity, such that a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process is warranted. Specifically, previous studies have reported that older adults typically show higher neural activity during balancing as compared to younger counterparts, but the implications of this finding on balance performance remain largely unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), differences in the cortical control of balance between healthy younger (n = 27) and older (n = 35) adults were explored. More specifically, the association between cortical functional activity and balance performance across and within age groups was investigated. To this end, we measured hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) while participants balanced on an unstable device. As criterion variables for brain-behavior-correlations, we also assessed postural sway while standing on a free-swinging platform and while balancing on wobble boards with different levels of difficulty. We found that older compared to younger participants had higher activity in prefrontal and lower activity in postcentral regions. Subsequent robust regression analyses revealed that lower prefrontal brain activity was related to improved balance performance across age groups, indicating that higher activity of the prefrontal cortex during balancing reflects neural inefficiency. We also present evidence supporting that age serves as a moderator in the relationship between brain activity and balance, i.e., cortical hemodynamics generally appears to be a more important predictor of balance performance in the older than in the younger. Strikingly, we found that age differences in balance performance are mediated by balancing-induced activation of the superior frontal gyrus, thus suggesting that differential activation of this region reflects a mechanism involved in the aging process of the neural control of balance. Our study suggests that differences in functional brain activity between age groups are not a mere by-product of aging, but instead of direct behavioral relevance for balance performance. Potential implications of these findings in terms of early detection of fall-prone individuals and intervention strategies targeting balance and healthy aging are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{VoroshninTarasovBokaietal.2022, author = {Voroshnin, Vladimir and Tarasov, Artem V. and Bokai, Kirill A. and Chikina, Alla and Senkovskiy, Boris V. and Ehlen, Niels and Usachov, Dmitry Yu. and Gruneis, Alexander and Krivenkov, Maxim and Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime and Fedorov, Alexander}, title = {Direct spectroscopic evidence of magnetic proximity effect in MoS2 monolayer on graphene/Co}, series = {ACS nano}, volume = {16}, journal = {ACS nano}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1936-0851}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.1c10391}, pages = {7448 -- 7456}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A magnetic field modifies optical properties and provides valley splitting in a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer. Here we demonstrate a scalable approach to the epitaxial synthesis of MoS2 monolayer on a magnetic graphene/Co system. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we observe a magnetic proximity effect that causes a 20 meV spin-splitting at the (Gamma) over bar point and canting of spins at the (K) over bar point in the valence band toward the in-plane direction of cobalt magnetization. Our density functional theory calculations reveal that the in-plane spin component at (K) over bar is localized on Co atoms in the valence band, while in the conduction band it is localized on the MoS2 layer. The calculations also predict a 16 meV spin-splitting at the (Gamma) over bar point and 8 meV (K) over bar-(K) over bar' valley asymmetry for an out-of-plane magnetization. These findings suggest control over optical transitions in MoS2 via Co magnetization. Our estimations show that the magnetic proximity effect is equivalent to the action of the magnetic field as large as 100 T.}, language = {en} } @article{MillerCionideGrijsetal.2022, author = {Miller, Amy E. and Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. and de Grijs, Richard and Sun, Ning-Chen and Bell, Cameron P. M. and Choudhury, Samyaday and Ivanov, Valentin D. and Marconi, Marcella and Oliveira, Joana M. and Petr-Gotzens, Monika and Ripepi, Vincenzo and van Loon, Jacco Th.}, title = {The VMC survey - XLVII. Turbulence-controlled hierarchical star formation in the large magellanic cloud}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {512}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac508}, pages = {1196 -- 1213}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We perform a statistical clustering analysis of upper main-sequence stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy survey of the Magellanic Clouds. We map over 2500 young stellar structures at 15 significance levels across similar to 120 square degrees centred on the LMC. The structures have sizes ranging from a few parsecs to over 1 kpc. We find that the young structures follow power-law size and mass distributions. From the perimeter-area relation, we derive a perimeter-area dimension of 1.44 +/- 0.20. From the mass-size relation and the size distribution, we derive two-dimensional fractal dimensions of 1.50 +/- 0.10 and 1.61 +/- 0.20, respectively. We find that the surface density distribution is well represented by a lognormal distribution. We apply the Larson relation to estimate the velocity dispersions and crossing times of these structures. Our results indicate that the fractal nature of the young stellar structures has been inherited from the gas clouds from which they form and that this architecture is generated by supersonic turbulence. Our results also suggest that star formation in the LMC is scale-free from 10 to 700 pc.}, language = {en} } @article{GriggioBedinRaddietal.2022, author = {Griggio, Massimo and Bedin, Luigi R. and Raddi, Roberto and Reindl, Nicole and Tomasella, Lina and Scalco, M. and Salaris, M. and Cassisi, S. and Ochner, P. and Ciroi, S. and Rosati, P. and Nardiello, Domenico and Anderson, J. and Libralato, Mattia and Bellini, A. and Vallenari, A. and Spina, L. and Pedani, M.}, title = {Astro-photometric study of M37 with Gaia and wide-field ugi-imaging}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {515}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac1920}, pages = {1841 -- 1853}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present an astrometric and photometric wide-field study of the Galactic open star cluster M37 (NGC 2099). The studied field was observed with ground-based images covering a region of about four square degrees in the Sloan-like filters ugi. We exploited the Gaia catalogue to calibrate the geometric distortion of the large field mosaics, developing software routines that can be also applied to other wide-field instruments. The data are used to identify the hottest white dwarf (WD) member candidates of M37. Thanks to the Gaia EDR3 exquisite astrometry we identified seven such WD candidates, one of which, besides being a high-probability astrometric member, is the putative central star of a planetary nebula. To our knowledge, this is a unique object in an open cluster, and we have obtained follow-up low-resolution spectra that are used for a qualitative characterization of this young WD. Finally, we publicly release a three-colour atlas and a catalogue of the sources in the field of view, which represents a complement of existing material.}, language = {en} }