@incollection{Khurana2023, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {True right against formal right: The body of right and the limits of property}, series = {Hegel's philosophy of right: critical perspectives on freedom and history}, booktitle = {Hegel's philosophy of right: critical perspectives on freedom and history}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781003081036}, doi = {10.4324/9781003081036-10}, pages = {147 -- 168}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The conception of property at the basis of Hegel's conception of abstract right seems committed to a problematic form of "possessive individualism." It seems to conceive of right as the expression of human mastery over nature and as based upon an irreducible opposition of person and nature, rightful will, and rightless thing. However, this chapter argues that Hegel starts with a form of possessive individualism only to show that it undermines itself. This is evident in the way Hegel unfolds the nature of property as it applies to external things as well as in the way he explains our self-ownership of our own bodies and lives. Hegel develops the idea of property to a point where it reaches a critical limit and encounters the "true right" that life possesses against the "formal" and "abstract right" of property. Ultimately, Hegel's account suggests that nature should precisely not be treated as a rightless object at our arbitrary disposal but acknowledged as the inorganic body of right.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Khurana2023, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {The stage of difference: On the second nature of civil society in Kant and Hegel}, series = {Naturalism and social philosophy}, booktitle = {Naturalism and social philosophy}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield}, address = {Lanham}, isbn = {978-1-5381-7492-0}, pages = {35 -- 64}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @incollection{Khurana2022, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {Genus-being: On Marx's dialectical naturalism}, series = {Nature and naturalism in classical German philosophy}, booktitle = {Nature and naturalism in classical German philosophy}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-0-367-54172-9}, pages = {246 -- 278}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In his 1844 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx famously claims that the human being is or has a 'Gattungswesen.' This is often understood to mean that the human being is a 'species-being' and is determined by a given 'species-essence.' In this chapter, I argue that this reading is mistaken. What Marx calls Gattungswesen is precisely not a 'species-being,' but a being that, in a very specific sense, transcends the limits of its own given species. This different understanding of the genus- character of the human being opens up a new perspective on the naturalism of the early Marx. He is not informed by a problematic speciesist and essentialist naturalism, as is often assumed, but by a different form of naturalism which I propose to call 'dialectical naturalism.' The chapter starts (I) by developing Hegel's account of genus which provides us with a useful background for (II) understanding Marx's original notion of a genus-being and its practical, social, developmental character. In the last section, I show that (III) the actualization of our genus-being thus depends on the production of a specific type of 'second nature' that is at the heart of Marx's dialectical naturalism.}, language = {en} } @article{Khurana2022, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {The art of second nature}, series = {Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal}, volume = {43}, journal = {Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Philosophy Documentation Center}, address = {New York}, issn = {0093-4240}, doi = {10.5840/gfpj20224312}, pages = {33 -- 69}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{BozzoRomanoFerrignoetal.2022, author = {Bozzo, Enrico and Romano, Patrizia and Ferrigno, Carlo and Oskinova, Lida}, title = {The symbiotic X-ray binaries Sct X-1, 4U 1700+24, and IGR J17329-2731}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {513}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac907}, pages = {42 -- 54}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Symbiotic X-ray binaries are systems hosting a neutron star accreting form the wind of a late-type companion. These are rare objects and so far only a handful of them are known. One of the most puzzling aspects of the symbiotic X-ray binaries is the possibility that they contain strongly magnetized neutron stars. These are expected to be evolutionary much younger compared to their evolved companions and could thus be formed through the (yet poorly known) accretion induced collapse of a white dwarf. In this paper, we perform a broad-band X-ray and soft gamma-ray spectroscopy of two known symbiotic binaries, Sct X-1 and 4U 1700+24, looking for the presence of cyclotron scattering features that could confirm the presence of strongly magnetized NSs. We exploited available Chandra, Swift, and NuSTAR data. We find no evidence of cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs) in the case of Sct X-1 but in the case of 4U 1700+24 we suggest the presence of a possible CRSF at similar to 16 keV and its first harmonic at similar to 31 keV, although we could not exclude alternative spectral models for the broad-band fit. If confirmed by future observations, 4U 1700+24 could be the second symbiotic X-ray binary with a highly magnetized accretor. We also report about our long-term monitoring of the last discovered symbiotic X-ray binary IGR J17329-2731 performed with Swift/XRT. The monitoring revealed that, as predicted, in 2017 this object became a persistent and variable source, showing X-ray flares lasting for a few days and intriguing obscuration events that are interpreted in the context of clumpy wind accretion.}, language = {en} } @article{SchallerScherwietesGerberetal.2021, author = {Schaller, J{\"o}rg and Scherwietes, Eric and Gerber, Lukas and Vaidya, Shrijana and Kaczorek, Danuta and Pausch, Johanna and Barkusky, Dietmar and Sommer, Michael and Hoffmann, Mathias}, title = {Silica fertilization improved wheat performance and increased phosphorus concentrations during drought at the field scale}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {[London]}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00464-7}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Drought and the availability of mineable phosphorus minerals used for fertilization are two of the important issues agriculture is facing in the future. High phosphorus availability in soils is necessary to maintain high agricultural yields. Drought is one of the major threats for terrestrial ecosystem performance and crop production in future. Among the measures proposed to cope with the upcoming challenges of intensifying drought stress and to decrease the need for phosphorus fertilizer application is the fertilization with silica (Si). Here we tested the importance of soil Si fertilization on wheat phosphorus concentration as well as wheat performance during drought at the field scale. Our data clearly showed a higher soil moisture for the Si fertilized plots. This higher soil moisture contributes to a better plant performance in terms of higher photosynthetic activity and later senescence as well as faster stomata responses ensuring higher productivity during drought periods. The plant phosphorus concentration was also higher in Si fertilized compared to control plots. Overall, Si fertilization or management of the soil Si pools seem to be a promising tool to maintain crop production under predicted longer and more serve droughts in the future and reduces phosphorus fertilizer requirements.}, language = {en} } @article{PerdigonToroLeQuangPhuongZeiskeetal.2021, author = {Perdig{\´o}n-Toro, Lorena and Le Quang Phuong, and Zeiske, Stefan and Vandewal, Koen and Armin, Ardalan and Shoaee, Safa and Neher, Dieter}, title = {Excitons dominate the emission from PM6}, series = {ACS energy letters / American Chemical Society}, volume = {6}, journal = {ACS energy letters / American Chemical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2380-8195}, doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02572}, pages = {557 -- 564}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are far more emissive than their fullerene-based counterparts. Here, we study the spectral properties of photocurrent generation and recombination of the blend of the donor polymer PM6 with the NFA Y6. We find that the radiative recombination of free charges is almost entirely due to the re-occupation and decay of Y6 singlet excitons, but that this pathway contributes less than 1\% to the total recombination. As such, the open-circuit voltage of the PM6:Y6 blend is determined by the energetics and kinetics of the charge-transfer (CT) state. Moreover, we find that no information on the energetics of the CT state manifold can be gained from the low-energy tail of the photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectrum, which is dominated by the excitation spectrum of the Y6 exciton. We, finally, estimate the charge-separated state to lie only 120 meV below the Y6 singlet exciton energy, meaning that this blend indeed represents a high-efficiency system with a low energetic offset.}, language = {en} } @article{OmranianAngeleskaNikoloski2021, author = {Omranian, Sara and Angeleska, Angela and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {Efficient and accurate identification of protein complexes from protein-protein interaction networks based on the clustering coefficient}, series = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, volume = {19}, journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2001-0370}, doi = {10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.014}, pages = {5255 -- 5263}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Identification of protein complexes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is a key problem in PPI mining, solved by parameter-dependent approaches that suffer from small recall rates. Here we introduce GCC-v, a family of efficient, parameter-free algorithms to accurately predict protein complexes using the (weighted) clustering coefficient of proteins in PPI networks. Through comparative analyses with gold standards and PPI networks from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, we demonstrate that GCC-v outperforms twelve state-of-the-art approaches for identification of protein complexes with respect to twelve performance measures in at least 85.71\% of scenarios. We also show that GCC-v results in the exact recovery of similar to 35\% of protein complexes in a pan-plant PPI network and discover 144 new protein complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana, with high support from GO semantic similarity. Our results indicate that findings from GCC-v are robust to network perturbations, which has direct implications to assess the impact of the PPI network quality on the predicted protein complexes. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.}, language = {en} } @article{SchachnerGrossHasletal.2021, author = {Schachner, Theresa and Gross, Christoph and Hasl, Andrea and Wangenheim, Florian von and Kowatsch, Tobias}, title = {Deliberative and paternalistic interaction styles for conversational agents in digital health}, series = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR}, volume = {23}, journal = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR}, number = {1}, publisher = {Healthcare World}, address = {Richmond, Va.}, issn = {1438-8871}, doi = {10.2196/22919}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Recent years have witnessed a constant increase in the number of people with chronic conditions requiring ongoing medical support in their everyday lives. However, global health systems are not adequately equipped for this extraordinarily time-consuming and cost-intensive development. Here, conversational agents (CAs) can offer easily scalable and ubiquitous support. Moreover, different aspects of CAs have not yet been sufficiently investigated to fully exploit their potential. One such trait is the interaction style between patients and CAs. In human-to-human settings, the interaction style is an imperative part of the interaction between patients and physicians. Patient-physician interaction is recognized as a critical success factor for patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and subsequent treatment outcomes. However, so far, it remains effectively unknown how different interaction styles can be implemented into CA interactions and whether these styles are recognizable by users. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an approach to reproducibly induce 2 specific interaction styles into CA-patient dialogs and subsequently test and validate them in a chronic health care context. Methods: On the basis of the Roter Interaction Analysis System and iterative evaluations by scientific experts and medical health care professionals, we identified 10 communication components that characterize the 2 developed interaction styles: deliberative and paternalistic interaction styles. These communication components were used to develop 2 CA variations, each representing one of the 2 interaction styles. We assessed them in a web-based between-subject experiment. The participants were asked to put themselves in the position of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These participants were randomly assigned to interact with one of the 2 CAs and subsequently asked to identify the respective interaction style. Chi-square test was used to assess the correct identification of the CA-patient interaction style. Results: A total of 88 individuals (42/88, 48\% female; mean age 31.5 years, SD 10.1 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and participated in the web-based experiment. The participants in both the paternalistic and deliberative conditions correctly identified the underlying interaction styles of the CAs in more than 80\% of the assessments (X-1(,8)8(2)=38.2; P<.001; phi coefficient r(phi)=0.68). The validation of the procedure was hence successful. Conclusions: We developed an approach that is tailored for a medical context to induce a paternalistic and deliberative interaction style into a written interaction between a patient and a CA. We successfully tested and validated the procedure in a web-based experiment involving 88 participants. Future research should implement and test this approach among actual patients with chronic diseases and compare the results in different medical conditions. This approach can further be used as a starting point to develop dynamic CAs that adapt their interaction styles to their users.}, language = {en} } @article{HampfNendelStreyetal.2021, author = {Hampf, Anna and Nendel, Claas and Strey, Simone and Strey, Robert}, title = {Biotic yield losses in the Southern Amazon, Brazil}, series = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.621168}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Pathogens and animal pests (P\&A) are a major threat to global food security as they directly affect the quantity and quality of food. The Southern Amazon, Brazil's largest domestic region for soybean, maize and cotton production, is particularly vulnerable to the outbreak of P\&A due to its (sub)tropical climate and intensive farming systems. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of P\&A and the related yield losses. Machine learning approaches for the automated recognition of plant diseases can help to overcome this research gap. The main objectives of this study are to (1) evaluate the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) in classifying P\&A, (2) map the spatial distribution of P\&A in the Southern Amazon, and (3) quantify perceived yield and economic losses for the main soybean and maize P\&A. The objectives were addressed by making use of data collected with the smartphone application Plantix. The core of the app's functioning is the automated recognition of plant diseases via ConvNets. Data on expected yield losses were gathered through a short survey included in an "expert" version of the application, which was distributed among agronomists. Between 2016 and 2020, Plantix users collected approximately 78,000 georeferenced P\&A images in the Southern Amazon. The study results indicate a high performance of the trained ConvNets in classifying 420 different crop-disease combinations. Spatial distribution maps and expert-based yield loss estimates indicate that maize rust, bacterial stalk rot and the fall armyworm are among the most severe maize P\&A, whereas soybean is mainly affected by P\&A like anthracnose, downy mildew, frogeye leaf spot, stink bugs and brown spot. Perceived soybean and maize yield losses amount to 12 and 16\%, respectively, resulting in annual yield losses of approximately 3.75 million tonnes for each crop and economic losses of US\$2 billion for both crops together. The high level of accuracy of the trained ConvNets, when paired with widespread use from following a citizen-science approach, results in a data source that will shed new light on yield loss estimates, e.g., for the analysis of yield gaps and the development of measures to minimise them.}, language = {en} }