@phdthesis{Hanf2015,
  author    = {Hanf, Franziska Stefanie},
  title     = {South Asian summer monsoon variability: a modelling study with the atmospheric regional climate model HIRHAM5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89331},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {ii, 126},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The lives of more than 1/6 th of the world population is directly affected by the caprices of the South Asian summer monsoon rainfall. India receives around 78 \% of the annual precipitation during the June-September months, the summer monsoon season of South Asia. But, the monsoon circulation is not consistent throughout the entire summer season. Episodes of heavy rainfall (active periods) and low rainfall (break periods) are inherent to the intraseasonal variability of the South Asian summer monsoon. Extended breaks or long-lasting dryness can result in droughts and hence trigger crop failures and in turn famines. Furthermore, India's electricity generation from renewable sources (wind and hydro-power), which is increasingly important in order to satisfy the rapidly rising demand for energy, is highly reliant on the prevailing meteorology. The major drought years 2002 and 2009 for the Indian summer monsoon during the last decades, which are results of the occurrence of multiple extended breaks, emphasise exemplary that the understanding of the monsoon system and its intraseasonal variation is of greatest importance. Although, numerous studies based on observations, reanalysis data and global model simulations have been carried out with the focus on monsoon active and break phases over India, the understanding of the monsoon intraseasonal variability is only in the infancy stage. Regional climate models could benefit the comprehension of monsoon breaks by its resolution advantage. This study investigates moist dynamical processes that initiate and maintain breaks during the South Asian summer monsoon using the atmospheric regional climate model HIRHAM5 at a horizontal resolution of 25 km forced by the ECMWF ERA Interim reanalysis for the period 1979-2012. By calculating moisture and moist static energy budgets the various competing mechanisms leading to extended breaks are quantitatively estimated. Advection of dry air from the deserts of western Asia towards central India is the dominant moist dynamical process in initiating extended break conditions over South Asia. Once initiated, the extended breaks are maintained due to many competing mechanisms: (i) the anomalous easterlies at the southern flank of this anticyclonic anomaly weaken the low-level cross-equatorial jet and thus the moisture transport into the monsoon region, (ii) differential radiative heating over the continental and the oceanic tropical convergence zone induces a local Hadley circulation with anomalous rising over the equatorial Indian Ocean and descent over central India, and (iii) a cyclonic response to positive rainfall anomalies over the near-equatorial Indian Ocean amplifies the anomalous easterlies over India and hence contributes to the low-level divergence over central India. A sensitivity experiment that mimics a scenario of higher atmospheric aerosol concentrations over South Asia addresses a current issue of large uncertainty: the role aerosols play in suppressing monsoon rainfall and hence in triggering breaks. To study the indirect aerosol effects the cloud droplet number concentration was increased to imitate the aerosol's function as cloud condensation nuclei. The sensitivity experiment with altered microphysical cloud properties shows a reduction in the summer monsoon precipitation together with a weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon. Several physical mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for the suppressed monsoon rainfall: (i) according to the first indirect radiative forcing the increase in the number of cloud droplets causes an increase in the cloud reflectivity of solar radiation, leading to a climate cooling over India which in turn reduces the hydrological cycle, (ii) a stabilisation of the troposphere induced by a differential cooling between the surface and the upper troposphere over central India inhibits the growth of deep convective rain clouds, (iii) an increase of the amount of low and mid-level clouds together with a decrease in high-level cloud amount amplify the surface cooling and hence the atmospheric stability, and (iv) dynamical changes of the monsoon manifested as a anomalous anticyclonic circulation over India reduce the moisture transport into the monsoon region. The study suggests that the changes in the total precipitation, which are dominated by changes in the convective precipitation, mainly result from the indirect radiative forcing. Suppression of rainfall due to the direct microphysical effect is found to be negligible over India. Break statistics of the polluted cloud scenario indicate an increase in the occurrence of short breaks (3 days), while the frequency of extended breaks (> 7 days) is clearly not affected. This disproves the hypothesis that more and smaller cloud droplets, caused by a high load of atmospheric aerosols trigger long drought conditions over central India.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{D’Souza2014,
  author    = {D'Souza, Shanthie Mariet},
  title     = {India in Post-ISAF Afghanistan},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69929},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Indien macht sich Sorgen, ob seine betont nichtmilit{\"a}rische Politik in Afghanistan nach Abzug der ISAF-Truppen Fr{\"u}chte tr{\"a}gt. Als einer der gr{\"o}ßten Entwicklungshilfegeber hat Indien nach Vertreibung der Taliban 2001 mehr als zwei Mrd. US-Dollar in das Land gepumpt und der Nachfrage nach milit{\"a}rischer Hilfe bislang erfolgreich getrotzt. Unter Umgehung des einflussreichen Grenzlandes Pakistan will Indien von den Bodensch{\"a}tzen Afghanistans, seiner strategischen Lage und seinem Wirtschafts- und Handelspotenzial profitieren. Die Angst vor der R{\"u}ckkehr der Taliban sitzt jedoch tief und die eigene Verwundbarkeit ist groß, wie die Bombenangriffe 2008 und 2009 auf indische Botschaften in Afghanistan zeigten. Langfristig wird Indien seine Interessen in diesem Raum nur {\"u}ber einen multilateralen Ansatz sichern k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{OPUS4-6676,
  title     = {Indien inside},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69197},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Die Bilder vom heutigen Indien faszinieren, aber mehr noch erschrecken sie. Der gnadenlose Kontrast, der mehr ist als „soziale Ungleichheit", die grausame Armut, die trotz Wachstum in den vergangenen Jahren dramatisch angestiegen ist. 42 Prozent der Inder leben heute unter der Armutsgrenze. Das sind 500 Millionen Menschen! Dazu kommen die sich {\"u}ber das ganze Land ausbreitende, oft t{\"o}dliche Gewalt, nicht nur, aber vor allem gegen „Indiens T{\"o}chter", ein fortdauerndes archaisches Kastenwesen, ein immer st{\"a}rker werdender Separatismus, der die nationale Einheit ernsthaft infrage stellt, b{\"u}rgerkriegsartige Zust{\"a}nde in einigen Bundesstaaten und eine massive Zerst{\"o}rung der Umwelt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Zambre2013,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Zambre, Vaishali},
  title     = {Handel und Arbeitsmarkteffekte im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Indiens},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-268-1},
  issn      = {2197-8069},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66145},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 95},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wird untersucht welche Wirkungen der Industrieg{\"u}terhandel auf die Besch{\"a}ftigung im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Indiens hat. Dazu werden die Implikationen der handelstheoretischen Modelle der Neoklassik, der Neuen sowie der Neu-Neuen Handelstheorie abgeleitet und er{\"o}rtert. Es schließt sich eine empirische Analyse an, die sich an Jenkins und Sen (2006) orientiert. Dabei werden zun{\"a}chst der Faktorgehalt sowie die Handelsstruktur analysiert. Um die Besch{\"a}ftigungseffekte zu quantifizieren, erfolgt eine Zerlegung des Besch{\"a}ftigungswachstums. Es wird auch untersucht, inwiefern die handelsinduzierte Wettbewerbsintensivierung zu einem effizienteren Arbeitseinsatz gef{\"u}hrt hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die handelsinduzierten Besch{\"a}ftigungseffekte im Beobachtungszeitraum zwar positiv, aber vergleichsweise gering ausgefallen sind. Gleichzeitig wirkt sich die Entwicklung der Handelsstruktur zunehmend negativ auf das potentielle Besch{\"a}ftigungswachstum aus, sodass auf Basis der hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse nicht davon auszugehen ist, dass zuk{\"u}nftige Handelsfl{\"u}sse einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Schaffung neuer Besch{\"a}ftigungsm{\"o}glichkeiten leisten k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Vogl2013,
  author    = {Vogl, Janna},
  title     = {Social workers, communities and politics : Akteursperspektiven von NGO-Gr{\"u}ndern und -Gr{\"u}nderinnen in S{\"u}dindien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68922},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind die (Selbst-)Darstellungen von Gr{\"u}nder_innen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs) im Bereich Kinder- und Frauenrechte in Tamil Nadu, S{\"u}dindien. Um diese (Selbst-)Darstellungen angemessen analysieren zu k{\"o}nnen, wird zuerst eine analytische Herangehensweise entworfen, die davon ausgeht, dass bestehende soziologische Konzepte, die in erster Linie in Auseinandersetzung mit einem spezifischen (west-europ{\"a}ischen) Kontext entstanden sind, nicht unhinterfragt auf andere Kontexte {\"u}bertragen werden k{\"o}nnen. Das erschwert die Verwendung von Begrifflichkeiten wie „Zivilgesellschaft", „Entwicklung" oder auch der scheinbar klaren Dichotomie von Moderne und Tradition. Eisenstadt machte diese Problematik in der von ihm begonnenen Debatte um „Multiple Modernities" deutlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird an diese Diskussion mit handlungstheoretischen Argumenten angekn{\"u}pft, um auch Akteursperspektiven angemessen analysieren zu k{\"o}nnen. Nachdem der theoretische Rahmen und die methodische Grundlage der Arbeit erl{\"a}utert wurden, wird Kontextwissen erarbeitet, um die Analyse der Interviews einzubetten. Es werden Diskurse um Kaste und den Status von Frauen sowie Aspekte der aktuellen politischen Situation Tamil Nadus betrachtet. Die (Selbst-)Darstellungen lassen sich dann anhand der im Titel angedeuteten Dreiteilung aufschl{\"u}sseln: Die Gr{\"u}nder_innen setzen sich zum ersten mit der eigenen Rolle auseinander. Sie beschreiben sich als „social worker" und greifen in den Selbstbeschreibungen zum Teil auf populistische Elemente des politischen Umfeldes zur{\"u}ck. Zum zweiten beschreiben sie die eigene Position gegen{\"u}ber ihren „Zielgruppen". Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Beziehungen zwischen NGO und „community" zwischen Partizipation und Paternalismus schwanken. Zum dritten formulieren sie Zielsetzungen in Abgrenzung zu anderen (lokalen) politischen Akteuren: Sie grenzen sich zum Beispiel von einem ihrem Verst{\"a}ndnis nach „westlichen" Begriff von Entwicklung ab und formulieren demgegen{\"u}ber „eigene" Ziele. Sie reflektieren {\"u}ber lokale Kooperationen, z.B. mit politischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeiten, Kastenassoziationen, aber auch {\"u}ber Abgrenzungen oder Zusammenst{\"o}ße, die sich dabei ergeben. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass die (Selbst-)Darstellungen der Gr{\"u}nder_innen sich spannungsgeladen und ambivalent auf unterschiedliche Diskurse, Ideen und soziale Praktiken beziehen. Sie lassen sich insbesondere nicht in eine Perspektive von „Entwicklung" einordnen, welche auf der Dichotomie von Moderne und Tradition aufbaut.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Nayyar2004,
  author    = {Nayyar, Kewal K.},
  title     = {Großmachtkonstellation zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46655},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Poverty, ethnicity and religious fundamentalism are the most pressing problems of the 21st century. According to this Indian author, democratisation on the national and international level is the only way to overcome these problems. One reason for the failing of the international institutions is the insufficient representation of the world community, especially in the UN Security Council. A reform of the United Nations seems indispensable. The war against international terrorism is essential but has to be waged without the differentiation between good and bad terrorists.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Sengupta2007,
  author    = {Sengupta, Jayshree},
  title     = {Indien und die G8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-23189},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Seit 2005 ist Indien als eines der f{\"u}nf Outreach-L{\"a}nder in die Diskussionen der G8 eingebunden. Dies geschah wegen seiner Rolle als eine der Kraftquellen der Weltwirtschaft sowie als viertgr{\"o}ßter globaler Markt. Indien betrachtet ein offenes Welthandelregime und einen gr{\"o}ßeren Kapitalfluss in die Entwicklungsl{\"a}nder als notwendig, um diesen zu helfen, deren Exporte zu steigern, neue Jobs zu schaffen und den Wohlstand ihrer Produzenten zu erh{\"o}hen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Jackisch2007,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Jackisch, Conrad},
  title     = {Towards applied modeling of the human-eco-system an approach of hydrology based integrated modeling of a semi-arid sub-catchment in rural north-west India},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13513},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The development of rural areas concerning food security, sustainability and social-economic stability is key issue to the globalized community. Regarding the current state of climatic change, especially semi-arid regions in uenced by monsoon or El Ni{\~n}o are prone to extreme weather events. Droughts, ooding, erosion, degradation of soils and water quality and deserti cation are some of the common impacts. State of the art in hydrologic environmental modeling is generally operating under a reductionist paradigm (Sivapalan 2005). Even an enormous quantity of process-oriented models exists, we fail in due reproduction of complexly interacting processes in their effective scale in the space-time-continuum, as they are described through deterministic small-scale process theories (e.g. Beven 2002). Yet large amounts of parameters - with partly doubtful physical expression - and input data are needed. In contradiction to that most soft information about patterns and organizing principles cannot be employed (Seibert and McDonnell 2002). For an analysis of possible strategies on the one hand towards integrated hydrologic modeling as decision support and on the other hand for sustainable land use development the 512 km2 large catchment of the Mod river in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India has been chosen. It is characterized by a setting of common problems of peripheral rural semi-arid human-eco-systems with intensive agriculture, deforestation, droughts and general hardship for the people. Scarce data and missing gauges are adding to the requirements of data acquisition and process description. The study at hand presents a methodical framework to combine eld scale data analysis and remote sensing for the setup of a database focusing plausibility over strict data accuracy. The catena-based hydrologic model WASA (G{\"u}ntner 2002) employes this database. It is expanded by a routine for crop development simulation after the de Wit approach (e.g. in Bouman et al. 1996). For its application as decision support system an agentbased land use algorithm is developed which decides on base of site speci cations and certain constraints (like maximum pro t or best local adaptation) about the cropping. The new model is employed to analyze (some) land use strategies. Not anticipated and a priori de ned scenarios will account for the realization of the model but the interactions within the system. This study points out possible approaches to enhance the situation in the catchment. It also approaches central questions of ways towards due integrated hydrological modeling on catchment scale for ungauged conditions and to overcome current paradigms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Thiede2005,
  author    = {Thiede, Rasmus Christoph},
  title     = {Tectonic and climatic controls on orogenic processes : the Northwest Himalaya, India},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-2281},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The role of feedback between erosional unloading and tectonics controlling the development of the Himalaya is a matter of current debate. The distribution of precipitation is thought to control surface erosion, which in turn results in tectonic exhumation as an isostatic compensation process. Alternatively, subsurface structures can have significant influence in the evolution of this actively growing orogen. Along the southern Himalayan front new 40Ar/39Ar white mica and apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronologic data provide the opportunity to determine the history of rock-uplift and exhumation paths along an approximately 120-km-wide NE-SW transect spanning the greater Sutlej region of the northwest Himalaya, India. 40Ar/39Ar data indicate, consistent with earlier studies that first the High Himalayan Crystalline, and subsequently the Lesser Himalayan Crystalline nappes were exhumed rapidly during Miocene time, while the deformation front propagated to the south. In contrast, new AFT data delineate synchronous exhumation of an elliptically shaped, NE-SW-oriented ~80 x 40 km region spanning both crystalline nappes during Pliocene-Quaternary time. The AFT ages correlate with elevation, but show within the resolution of the method no spatial relationship to preexisting major tectonic structures, such as the Main Central Thrust or the Southern Tibetan Fault System. Assuming constant exhumation rates and geothermal gradient, the rocks of two age vs. elevation transects were exhumed at ~1.4 \&\#177;0.2 and ~1.1 \&\#177;0.4 mm/a with an average cooling rate of ~50-60 \&\#176;C/Ma during Pliocene-Quaternary time. The locus of pronounced exhumation defined by the AFT data coincides with a region of enhanced precipitation, high discharge, and sediment flux rates under present conditions. We therefore hypothesize that the distribution of AFT cooling ages might reflect the efficiency of surface processes and fluvial erosion, and thus demonstrate the influence of erosion in localizing rock-uplift and exhumation along southern Himalayan front, rather than encompassing the entire orogen.Despite a possible feedback between erosion and exhumation along the southern Himalayan front, we observe tectonically driven, crustal exhumation within the arid region behind the orographic barrier of the High Himalaya, which might be related to and driven by internal plateau forces. Several metamorphic-igneous gneiss dome complexes have been exhumed between the High Himalaya to the south and Indus-Tsangpo suture zone to the north since the onset of Indian-Eurasian collision ~50 Ma ago. Although the overall tectonic setting is characterized by convergence the exhumation of these domes is accommodated by extensional fault systems.Along the Indian-Tibetan border the poorly described Leo Pargil metamorphic-igneous gneiss dome (31-34\&\#176;N/77-78\&\#176;E) is located within the Tethyan Himalaya. New field mapping, structural, and geochronologic data document that the western flank of the Leo Pargil dome was formed by extension along temporally linked normal fault systems. Motion on a major detachment system, referred to as the Leo Pargil detachment zone (LPDZ) has led to the juxtaposition of low-grade metamorphic, sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall and high-grade metamorphic gneisses in the footwall. However, the distribution of new 40Ar/39Ar white mica data indicate a regional cooling event during middle Miocene time. New apatite fission track (AFT) data demonstrate that subsequently more of the footwall was extruded along the LPDZ in a brittle stage between 10 and 2 Ma with a minimum displacement of ~9 km. Additionally, AFT-data indicate a regional accelerated cooling and exhumation episode starting at ~4 Ma. Thus, tectonic processes can affect the entire orogenic system, while potential feedbacks between erosion and tectonics appear to be limited to the windward sides of an orogenic systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bookhagen2004,
  author    = {Bookhagen, Bodo},
  title     = {Late quaternary climate changes and landscape evolution in the Northwest Himalaya : geomorphologic processes in the Indian Summer Monsoon Domain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001956},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The India-Eurasia continental collision zone provides a spectacular example of active mountain building and climatic forcing. In order to quantify the critically important process of mass removal, I analyzed spatial and temporal precipitation patterns of the oscillating monsoon system and their geomorphic imprints. I processed passive microwave satellite data to derive high-resolution rainfall estimates for the last decade and identified an abnormal monsoon year in 2002. During this year, precipitation migrated far into the Sutlej Valley in the northwestern part of the Himalaya and reached regions behind orographic barriers that are normally arid. There, sediment flux, mean basin denudation rates, and channel-forming processes such as erosion by debris-flows increased significantly. Similarly, during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, solar forcing increased the strength of the Indian summer monsoon for several millennia and presumably lead to analogous precipitation distribution as were observed during 2002. However, the persistent humid conditions in the steep, high-elevation parts of the Sutlej River resulted in deep-seated landsliding. Landslides were exceptionally large, mainly due to two processes that I infer for this time: At the onset of the intensified monsoon at 9.7 ka BP heavy rainfall and high river discharge removed material stored along the river, and lowered the baselevel. Second, enhanced discharge, sediment flux, and increased pore-water pressures along the hillslopes eventually lead to exceptionally large landslides that have not been observed in other periods. The excess sediments that were removed from the upstream parts of the Sutlej Valley were rapidly deposited in the low-gradient sectors of the lower Sutlej River. Timing of downcutting correlates with centennial-long weaker monsoon periods that were characterized by lower rainfall. I explain this relationship by taking sediment flux and rainfall dynamics into account: High sediment flux derived from the upstream parts of the Sutlej River during strong monsoon phases prevents fluvial incision due to oversaturation the fluvial sediment-transport capacity. In contrast, weaker monsoons result in a lower sediment flux that allows incision in the low-elevation parts of the Sutlej River.},
  language  = {en}
}