@phdthesis{Oez2021,
  author    = {{\"O}z, Alpercan},
  title     = {Das Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Opfers und dem strafrechtlichen Lebensschutz},
  series = {Neue Juristische Beitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Neue Juristische Beitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {133},
  publisher = {utzverlag GmbH},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8316-4895-5},
  pages     = {XII, 268},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Unser modernes Strafrechtsbild ist gepr{\"a}gt von dem Gedanken, dass das Strafrecht den B{\"u}rgern ein freies und friedliches Zusammenleben unter Gew{\"a}hrleistung aller verfassungsrechtlich garantierten Grundrechte sichert. Der Einsatz des Strafrechts bedarf der Legitimation und darf nicht aus moralischen Vorstellungen oder Gedanken abgeleitet werden. Strafbar kann es demnach nicht sein, wenn ein Rechtsgutstr{\"a}ger {\"u}ber ein ihm disponibles Rechtsgut frei verf{\"u}gt. Oftmals stehen hierbei der strafrechtliche Lebensschutz und das Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Einzelnen in einem Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat untersucht, wie sich dieses Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis in der h{\"o}chstrichterlichen Judikatur entwickelt hat und wie es nunmehr gel{\"o}st wird. Konkret stellt sich hierbei die Frage, wie es strafrechtlich bewertet wurde, wenn jemand einen T{\"o}tungserfolg mitverursacht hat, der zugleich auf einem freiverantwortlichen Willensentschluss des Opfers beruhte.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zhao2021,
  author    = {Zhao, Yuhang},
  title     = {Synthesis and surface functionalization on plasmonic nanoparticles for optical applications},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VIII, 149},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This thesis focuses on the synthesis of novel functional materials based on plasmonic nanoparticles. Three systems with targeted surface modification and functionalization have been designed and synthesized, involving modified perylenediimide doped silica-coated silver nanowires, polydopamine or TiO2 coated gold-palladium nanorods and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH)/dodecanethiol (DDT) modified silver nanospheres. Their possible applications as plasmonic resonators, chiral sensors as well as photo-catalysts have been studied. In addition, the interaction between silver nanospheres and 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) molecules has also been investigated in detail. In the first part of the thesis, surface modification on Ag nanowires (NWs) with optimized silica coating through a modified St{\"o}ber method has been firstly conducted, employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to replace ammonia solution (NH4OH). The coated silver nanowires with a smooth silica shell have been investigated by single-particle dark-field scattering spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy loss spectroscopy to characterize the morphologies and structural components. The silica-coated silver nanowires can be further functionalized with fluorescent molecules in the silica shell via a facile one-step coating method. The as-synthesized nanowire is further coupled with a gold nanosphere by spin-coating for the application of the sub-diffractional chiral sensor for the first time. The exciton-plasmon-photon interconversion in the system eases the signal detection in the perfectly matched 1D nanostructure and contributes to the high contrast of the subwavelength chiral sensing for the polarized light. In the second part of the thesis, dumbbell-shaped Au-Pd nanorods coated with a layer of polydopamine (PDA) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been constructed. The PDA- and TiO2- coated Au-Pd nanorods show a strong photothermal conversion performance under NIR illumination. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the particles has been investigated using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as the model reaction. Under light irradiation, the PDA-coated Au-Pd nanorods exhibit a superior catalytic activity by increasing the reaction rate constant of 3 times. The Arrhenius-like behavior of the reaction with similar activation energies in the presence and absence of light irradiation indicates the photoheating effect to be the dominant mechanism of the reaction acceleration. Thus, we attribute the enhanced performance of the catalysis to the strong photothermal effect that is driven by the optical excitation of the gold surface plasmon as well as the synergy with the PDA layer. In the third part, the kinetic study on the adsorption of 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in chloroform has been reported in detail. Based on the results obtained from the UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning nano-beam electron diffraction (NBED) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), a two-step interaction kinetics has been proposed for the Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules. It includes the first step of electron transfer from Ag NPs to F4TCNQ indicated by the ionization of F4TCNQ, and the second step of the formation of Ag-F4TCNQ complex. The whole process has been followed via UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals distinct kinetics at two stages: the instantaneous ionization and the long-term complex formation. The kinetics and the influence of the molar ratio of Ag NPs/F4TCNQ molecules on the interaction between Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules in the organic solution are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, the control experiment with silica-coated Ag NPs indicates that the charge transfer at the surface between Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules has been prohibited by a silica layer of 18 nm.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhao2021,
  author    = {Zhao, Xueru},
  title     = {Palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment evolution from the last glacial maximum into the early holocene (23-8 ka BP) derived from Lago Grande di Monticchio sediment record (S Italy)},
  pages     = {123},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhang2021,
  author    = {Zhang, Heshou},
  title     = {Magnetic fields in the universe},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vi, 107},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The galactic interstellar medium is magnetized and turbulent. The magnetic field and turbulence play important roles in many astrophysical mechanisms, including cosmic ray transport, star formation, etc. Therefore, measurements of magnetic field and turbulence information are crucial for the proper interpretation of astronomical observations. Nonetheless, the magnetic field observation is quite challenging, especially, there is not universal magnetic tracer for diffuse medium. Moreover, the modelling of turbulence can be oversimplified due to the lack of observational tools to diagnose the plasma properties of the turbulence in the galactic interstellar medium. The studies presented in this thesis have addressed these challenges by bridging the theoretical studies of magnetic field and turbulence with numerical simulations and observations. The following research are presented in this thesis. The first observational evidence of the novel magnetic tracer, ground state alignment (GSA), is discovered, revealing the three-dimensional magnetic field as well as 2 orders of magnitude higher precision comparing to previous observational study in the stellar atmosphere of the post-AGB 89 Herculis. Moreover, the application of GSA in the sub-millimeter fine-structure lines is comprehensively studied for different elements and with magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Furthermore, the influence of GSA effect on the spectroscopy is analyzed and it is found that measurable variation will be produced on the spectral line intensity and the line ratio without accounting for the optical pumping process or magnetic field. Additionally, a novel method to measure plasma modes in the interstellar medium, Signatures from Polarization Analysis (SPA), is proposed and applied to real observations. Magneto-sonic modes are discovered in different types of interstellar medium. An explanation is provided for the long-standing mystery, the origin of γ-ray enhanced emission "Cygnus Cocoon", based on the comparison between the outcome of SPA and multi-waveband observational data. These novel methods have strong potentials for broader observational applications and will play crucial roles in future multi-wavelength astronomy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zeppenfeld2021,
  author    = {Zeppenfeld, Stefan},
  title     = {Vom Gast zum Gastwirt?},
  series = {Geschichte der Gegenwart},
  journal   = {Geschichte der Gegenwart},
  number    = {26},
  publisher = {Wallstein-Verlag},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8353-5022-9},
  pages     = {429},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeitsmigration z{\"a}hlt zu den pr{\"a}genden gesellschaftlichen Wandlungsprozessen der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte. 14 Millionen »Gastarbeiter« kamen zwischen 1955 und 1973 in die Bundesrepublik, etwa 3 Millionen von ihnen kehrten nicht in ihre Heimatl{\"a}nder zur{\"u}ck. Vor allem T{\"u}rkeist{\"a}mmige blieben nach dem Anwerbestopp h{\"a}ufiger in Deutschland als die Arbeitskr{\"a}fte aus anderen L{\"a}ndern. Wie keine andere Stadt steht Berlin bis heute f{\"u}r die Einwanderung aus der T{\"u}rkei. Stefan Zeppenfeld untersucht den Wandel der t{\"u}rkischen Arbeitswelten von ihren Anf{\"a}ngen in den 1960er Jahren bis zur Wiedervereinigung. Ausgehend von der »Gastarbeit« im industriellen Großbetrieb sp{\"u}rt er in seiner Studie am Beispiel West-Berlins dem {\"U}bergang in andere Branchen nach. Er zeigt, wie der {\"o}ffentliche Dienst auch f{\"u}r Migrantinnen und Migranten attraktive Aufstiegsm{\"o}glichkeiten er{\"o}ffnete, zeichnet den schwierigen Weg in die gewerbliche Selbstst{\"a}ndigkeit nach und legt illegale Besch{\"a}ftigungsformen als alternative Verdienstm{\"o}glichkeit offen. Damit bettet der Autor die Geschichte der t{\"u}rkischen Arbeitsmigration in die deutsche Zeitgeschichte ein.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zeisberg2021,
  author    = {Zeisberg, Marie-Christine},
  title     = {Ein Rohstoffv{\"o}lkerrecht f{\"u}r das 21. Jahrhundert},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  address   = {Baden-Baden},
  isbn      = {978-3-8487-8069-3},
  pages     = {311},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die gerechte, sichere und nachhaltige Rohstoffverteilung weltweit stellt eine der bedeutendsten Menschheitsaufgaben des 21. Jahrhunderts dar und entscheidet mit ihren Auswirkungen auf Leben, Umwelt und technischen Fortschritt {\"u}ber das Schicksal der kontinuierlich wachsenden Weltbev{\"o}lkerung. Das Werk untersucht das gegenw{\"a}rtige Rohstoffv{\"o}lkerrecht, bestehend aus dem Grundsatz der st{\"a}ndigen Souver{\"a}nit{\"a}t {\"u}ber nat{\"u}rliche Ressourcen, dem WTO-Recht, multilateralen Abkommen sowie Rohstoffkartellen wie der OPEC und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich der aktuelle Regelungsbestand auf - in der Regel unverbindliche - organisatorische Maßnahmen und Konsultationen beschr{\"a}nkt. Das internationale Wirtschaftsrecht verfolgt einen passiven Ansatz, der der großen Relevanz dieses v{\"o}lkerrechtlichen Teilgebiets nicht gerecht wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden sechs verschiedene juristische L{\"o}sungsstrategien erarbeitet und im Anschluss auf ihre politische Realisierbarkeit {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Stellung der Entwicklungsl{\"a}nder eingegangen, die trotz ihres Rohstoffreichtums bisher nicht von diesem profitieren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zech2021,
  author    = {Zech, Philipp},
  title     = {Effects of exercise on different parameters in people living with HIV},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {28},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund. Personen, die mit der chronischen Erkrankung HIV leben (PWH), m{\"u}ssen ihr Leben lang die sog. antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) einnehmen, um einen Ausbruch der Erkrankung in das Vollbild AIDS (Akquiriertes Immun-Defizienz-Syndrom) zu vermeiden. Gleichzeitig ist die ART und HIV selbst assoziiert mit dem Auftreten zus{\"a}tzlicher Erkrankungen (Komorbidit{\"a}ten) kardiovaskul{\"a}rer oder psychologischer Natur. Die Pr{\"a}valenz von Komorbidit{\"a}ten und schlechter Lebensqualit{\"a}t ist im Vergleich zu HIV-negativen Personen deutlich h{\"o}her. Methoden. Es wurden zwei Metaanalysen zu sportlicher Bet{\"a}tigung, PWH und (1) kardiovaskul{\"a}ren und (2) psychologischen Parametern sowie eine Querschnittsstudie (HIBES-Studie, HIV-Begleiterkrankungen und Sport) durchgef{\"u}hrt. F{\"u}r die Auswertung der metaanalytischen Daten wurde der Review Manager 5.3, f{\"u}r die Auswertung der Daten der HIBES-Studie das Analyseprogramm „R" verwendet. In den Metaanalysen wurden, neben den Hauptanalysen verschiedener Parameter, erstmals spezifische Subgruppenanalysen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die HIBES-Studie untersuchte Unterschiede zwischen kumulativen (2-3 verschiedenen Sportarten pro Woche) und einfachen (eine Sportart pro Woche) Freizeitsport und analysiert die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Parametern des Freizeitsports (Trainingsh{\"a}ufigkeit, -Minuten und -Intensit{\"a}t), Komorbidit{\"a}ten und der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Ergebnisse. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining haben einen mittel-starken bis starken positiven Effekt auf die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (SMD= 0.66, p< .00001), den 6-Minuten-Walk-Test (6MWT) (SMD= 0.59, p= .02), die maximale Watt Zahl (SMD= 0.80, p= .009). Kein Effekt wurde bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz und dem systolischen sowie diastolischen Blutdruck gefunden. Subgruppenanalysen zu ≥3 Einheiten/Woche, ≥150 Min./Woche ergaben hohe Effektst{\"a}rken in der maximalen Watt Zahl und 6MWT. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining zusammen mit Yoga haben einen starken Effekt auf Symptome der Depression (SMD= -0.84, p= .02) und Angstst{\"o}rungen (SMD= -1.23, p= .04). Die Subanalyse der Depression zu professioneller Supervision und sportlicher Bet{\"a}tigung wiesen einen sehr starken Effekt (SMD= -1.40, p= .03). Die HIBES-Studie wies ein sehr differenziertes Bild im Sportverhalten von PWH in Deutschland auf. 49\% der Teilnehmer {\"u}bten mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche aus. Es wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen kumuliertem (CTE) und einfachem Sport (STE) in der Lebensqualit{\"a}t gefunden. Die Freizeitsportparameter (H{\"a}ufigkeiten/Woche, Minuten/Woche, Intensit{\"a}t/Woche) waren in der CTE-Gruppe deutlich h{\"o}her als in der STE-Gruppe. Trainingsminuten und die -Intensit{\"a}t zeigten beim Vorhandensein einer Komorbidit{\"a}t einen großen Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Die Minuten und die Intensit{\"a}t des durchgef{\"u}hrten Sportes zeigten einen pr{\"a}diktiven Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Konklusion: Sportliche Bet{\"a}tigung verbessert die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme und Symptome der Depression und Angstst{\"o}rungen. Die Aussagekraft der Subanalysen ist aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl, vorsichtig zu interpretieren. Erh{\"o}hte Trainingsparameter finden sich eher bei PWH, die mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche treiben. Daher kann kumulierter Sport als mediierender Faktor zur Steigerung der Lebensqualit{\"a}t interpretiert werden; zumindest bei PWH mit einer psychologischen Komorbidit{\"a}t.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zadorozhnyi2021,
  author    = {Zadorozhnyi, Oleksandr},
  title     = {Contributions to the theoretical analysis of the algorithms with adversarial and dependent data},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {144},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this work I present the concentration inequalities of Bernstein's type for the norms of Banach-valued random sums under a general functional weak-dependency assumption (the so-called \$\cC-\$mixing). The latter is then used to prove, in the asymptotic framework, excess risk upper bounds of the regularised Hilbert valued statistical learning rules under the τ-mixing assumption on the underlying training sample. These results (of the batch statistical setting) are then supplemented with the regret analysis over the classes of Sobolev balls of the type of kernel ridge regression algorithm in the setting of online nonparametric regression with arbitrary data sequences. Here, in particular, a question of robustness of the kernel-based forecaster is investigated. Afterwards, in the framework of sequential learning, the multi-armed bandit problem under \$\cC-\$mixing assumption on the arm's outputs is considered and the complete regret analysis of a version of Improved UCB algorithm is given. Lastly, probabilistic inequalities of the first part are extended to the case of deviations (both of Azuma-Hoeffding's and of Burkholder's type) to the partial sums of real-valued weakly dependent random fields (under the type of projective dependence condition).},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yan2021,
  author    = {Yan, Wan},
  title     = {Shape-Memory effects of thermoplatic multiblock copolymers with overlapping thermal transitions},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wochatz2021,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique},
  title     = {Influence of different loading conditions on scapular movement and scapular muscle activation patterns},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {iv, 129, xiv},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The scapula plays a significant role in efficient shoulder movement. Thus, alterations from typical scapular motion during upper limb movements are thought to be associated with shoulder pathologies. However, a clear understanding of the relationship is not yet obtained.. Scapular alterations may only represent physiological variability as their occurrence can appear equally as frequent in individuals with and without shoulder disorders. Evaluation of scapular motion during increased load might be a beneficial approach to detect clinically relevant alterations. However, functional motion adaptations in response to maximum effort upper extremity loading has not been established yet. Therefore, the overall purpose of this research project was to give further insight in physiological adaptations of scapular kinematics and their underlying scapular muscle activity in response to high demanding shoulder movements in healthy asymptomatic individuals. Prior to the investigation of the effect of various load situation, the reproducibility of scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity were evaluated under maximum effort arm movements. Healthy asymptomatic adults performed unloaded and maximal loaded concentric and eccentric isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension movements in the scapular plane while scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity were simultaneously assessed. A 3D motion capture system (infra-red cameras \& reflective markers) was utilized to track scapular and humerus motion in relation to the thorax. 3D scapular position angles were given for arm raising and lowering between humerus positions of 20° and 120° flexion. To further characterize the scapular pattern, the scapular motion extent and scapulohumeral rhythm (ratio of scapular and humerus motion extent) were determined. Muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius and the serratus anterior were assessed with surface electromyography. Amplitudes were calculated for the whole ROM and four equidistant movement phases. Reliability was characterized by overall moderate to good reproducibility across the load conditions. Irrespective of applied load, scapular kinematics followed a motion pattern of continuous upward rotation, posterior tilt and external rotation during arm elevation and a continuous downward rotation, anterior tilt and internal rotation during arm lowering. However, kinematics were altered between maximal loaded and unloaded conditions showing increased upward rotation, reduced posterior tilt and external rotation. Further, the scapulohumeral rhythm was decreased and scapular motion extent increased under maximal loaded movements. Muscle activity during maximum effort were of greater magnitude and differed in their pattern in comparison to the continuous increase and decrease of activity during unloaded shoulder flexion and extension. Relationships between scapular kinematics and their underlying scapular muscle activity could only be identified for a few isolated combinations, whereas the majority showed no associations. Scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity pattern alter according to the applied load. Alterations between the load conditions comply in magnitude and partially in direction with differences seen between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Even though long-term effects of identified adaptations in response to maximum load are so far unclear, deviations from typical scapular motion or muscle activation should not per se be seen as indicators of shoulder impairment. However, evaluation of alterations in scapular motion and activation in response to maximum effort may have the potential to identify individuals that are unable to cope with increased upper limb demands. Findings further challenge the understanding of scapular motion and stabilization by the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles, as clear relationships between the underlying scapular muscle activity and scapular kinematics were neither observed during unloaded nor maximal loaded shoulder movements.},
  language  = {en}
}