@phdthesis{Zuba2018, author = {Zuba, Anna}, title = {The role of weight stigma and weight bias internalization in psychological functioning among school-aged children}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {146}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zopfi2018, author = {Zopfi, Stephan}, title = {Die t{\"a}gliche Bewegungs- und Sportstunde}, publisher = {Helyas}, address = {Berom{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-9524944-1-7}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {185}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Gesundheit unserer Jugend ist seit je ein gesellschaftspolitisches Primat und verdient die gr{\"o}sstm{\"o}gliche Beachtung. Ein Teilbereich, n{\"a}mlich Bewegung und Sport, ist in der Schweiz auch aus diesem Grund verfassungsm{\"a}ssig geregelt. S{\"a}mtliche Volksschulen m{\"u}ssen bis ins neunte Schuljahr pro Woche drei Lektionen Bewegung und Sport anbieten.. Als einziges Schulfach geniesst Bewegung und Sport diesen bundesgesetzlichen Support im sonst streng f{\"o}deralistisch organisierten Bildungssystem der Schweiz. Trotz diesen drei verordneten Sportlektionen ist die physische Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit unserer Jugend einhergehend mit gesundheitlichen Parametern seit 1985 r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig und seit ein paar Jahren auf tiefem Niveau stagnierend. Zudem berichten Lehrpersonen {\"u}ber sinkende Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit in den letzten Jahren. Um eine fl{\"a}chendeckende Verbesserung der Situation zu bewirken, bietet sich die Schule als zentraler Ort der Einflussnahme an. Dies gilt im Besonderen f{\"u}r den Bereich Bewegung und Sport. Im Jahr 2005 wurde das Programm einer t{\"a}glichen Bewegungs- und Sportstunde an der Primarschule in Luzern/Schweiz gestartet. Nach einem kontinuierlichen Ausbau kamen ab 2011 etwas {\"u}ber 1300 Kinder von der ersten bis zur sechsten Klasse in den Genuss dieser t{\"a}glichen Bewegungslektion. Die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen in den drei gesellschaftlich hoch relevanten Bereichen der Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit, des {\"U}bergewichts und der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit ergaben positive Resultate. So konnte die Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit - die Basis f{\"u}r erfolgreiches Lernen - signifikant gesteigert werden und teilweise signifikant war die Verbesserung des statischen Gleichgewichts. Ein positiver Trend zeigte sich auch bei der Senkung des Body-Mass-Indexes bei Knaben. Dies konnte bei den M{\"a}dchen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Auch wenn nicht alle Hypothesen vollumf{\"a}nglich best{\"a}tigt werden konnten, gilt es festzuhalten, dass das Projekt der t{\"a}glichen Sport- und Bewegungsstunde die Erwartungen in allen drei Messbereichen erf{\"u}llt hat und die Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit, des {\"U}bergewichts und der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit mehrheitlich ausgewiesen werden k{\"o}nnen. Es lohnt sich also, die t{\"a}gliche Sport- und Bewegungsstunde an der Primarschule einzuf{\"u}hren und den Pr{\"a}ventionsgedanken auch Taten folgen zu lassen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zimmermann2018, author = {Zimmermann, Diana}, title = {Direkte Arylierung}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zhang2018, author = {Zhang, Yunming}, title = {Understanding the functional specialization of poly(A) polymerases in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {131}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zhang2018, author = {Zhang, Quanchao}, title = {Shape-memory properties of polymeric micro-scale objects prepared by electrospinning and electrospraying}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvi, 53}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The ongoing trend of miniaturizing multifunctional devices, especially for minimally-invasive medical or sensor applications demands new strategies for designing the required functional polymeric micro-components or micro-devices. Here, polymers, which are capable of active movement, when an external stimulus is applied (e.g. shape-memory polymers), are intensively discussed as promising material candidates for realization of multifunctional micro-components. In this context further research activities are needed to gain a better knowledge about the underlying working principles for functionalization of polymeric micro-scale objects with a shape-memory effect. First reports about electrospun solid microfiber scaffolds, demonstrated a much more pronounced shape-memory effect than their bulk counterparts, indicating the high potential of electrospun micro-objects. Based on these initial findings this thesis was aimed at exploring whether the alteration of the geometry of micro-scale electrospun polymeric objects can serve as suitable parameter to tailor their shape-memory properties. The central hypothesis was that different geometries should result in different degrees of macromolecular chain orientation in the polymeric micro-scale objects, which will influence their mechanical properties as well as thermally-induced shape-memory function. As electrospun micro-scale objects, microfiber scaffolds composed of hollow microfibers with different wall thickness and electrosprayed microparticles as well as their magneto-sensitive nanocomposites all prepared from the same polymer exhibiting pronounced bulk shape-memory properties were investigated. For this work a thermoplastic multiblock copolymer, named PDC, with excellent bulk shape-memory properties, associated with crystallizable oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL) switching domains, was chosen for the preparation of electrospun micro-scale objects, while crystallizable oligo(p-dioxanone) (OPDO) segments serve as hard domains in PDC. In the first part of the thesis microfiber scaffolds with different microfiber geometries (solid or hollow with different wall thickness) were discussed. Hollow microfiber based PDC scaffolds were prepared by coaxial electrospinning from a 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3 hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) solution with a polymer concentration of 13\% w·v-1. Here as a first step core-shell fiber scaffolds consisting of microfibers with a PDC shell and sacrificial poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) core are generated. The hollow PDC microfibers were achieved after dissolving the PEG core with water. The utilization of a fixed electrospinning setup and the same polymer concentration of the PDC spinning solution could ensure the fabrication of microfibers with almost identical outer diameters of 1.4 ± 0.3 µm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different hollow microfiber wall thicknesses of 0.5 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.2 µm (analyzed by SEM) have been realized by variation of the mass flow rate, while solid microfibers were obtained by coaxial electrospinning without supplying any core solution. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments and tensile tests at ambient temperature revealed an increase in degree of OCL crystallinity form χc,OCL = 34 ± 1\% to 43 ± 1\% and a decrease in elongation of break from 800 ± 40\% to 200 ± 50\% associated with an increase in Young´s modulus and failture stress for PDC hollow microfiber scaffolds when compared with soild fibers. The observed effects were enhanced with decreasing wall thickness of the single hollow fibers. The shape-memory properties of the electrospun PDC scaffolds were quantified by cyclic, thermomechanical tensile tests. Here, scaffolds comprising hollow microfibers exhibited lower shape fixity ratios around Rf = 82 ± 1\% and higher shape recovery ratios of Rr = 67 ± 1\% associated to more pronounced relaxation at constant strain during the first test cycle and a lower switching temperature of Tsw = 33 ± 1 °C than the fibrous meshes consisting of solid microfibers. These findings strongly support the central hypothesis that different fiber geometries (solid or hollow with different wall thickness) in electrospun scaffolds result in different degrees of macromolecular chain orientation in the polymeric micro-scale objects, which can be applied as design parameter for tailoring their mechanical and shape-memory properties. The second part of the thesis deals with electrosprayed particulate PDC micro-scale objects. Almost spherical PDC microparticles with diameters of 3.9 ± 0.9 μm (as determined by SEM) were achieved by electrospraying of HFP solution with a polymer concentration of 2\% w·v-1. In contrast, smaller particles with sizes of 400 ± 100 nm or 1.2 ± 0.3 μm were obtained for the magneto-sensitive composite PDC microparticles containing 23 ± 0.5 wt\% superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (mNPs). All prepared PDC microparticles exhibited a similar overall crystallinity like the PDC bulk material as analyzed by DSC. AFM nanoindentation results revealed no influence of the nanofiller incorporation on the local mechanical properties represented by the reduced modulus determined for pure PDC microparticles and magneto-sensitive composite PDC microparticles with similar diameters around 1.3 µm. It was found that the reduced modulus of the nanocomposite microparticles increased substantially with decreasing particles size from 2.4 ± 0.9 GPa (1.2 µm) to 11.9 ± 3.1 GPa (0.4 µm), which can be related to a higher orientation of the macromolecules at the surface of smaller sized microparticles. The magneto-sensitivity of such nanocomposite microparticles could be demonstrated in two aspects. One was by attracting/collecting the composite micro-objects with an external permanent magnet. The other one was by a inductive heating to 44 ± 1 °C, which is well above the melting transition of the OCL switching domains, when compacted to a 10 x 10 mm2 film with a thickness of 10 µm and exposed to an alternating magnet field with an magnetic field strength of 30 kA·m-1. Both functions are of great relevance for designing next generation drug delivery systems combining targeting and on demand release. By a compression approach shape-memory functionalization of individual microparticles could be realized. Here different programming pressures and compression temperatures were applied. The shape-recovery capability of the programmed PDC microparticles was quantified by online and off-line heating experiments analyzed via microscopy measurement. The obtained shape-memory properties were found to be strongly depending on the applied programming pressure and temperature. The best shape-memory performance with a high shape recovery rate of about Rr = 80±1\% was obtained when a low pressure of 0.2 MPa was applied at 55 °C. Finally, it was demonstrated that PDC microparticles can be utilized as micro building parts for preparation of a macroscopic film with temporary stability by compression of a densely packed array of PDC microparticles at 60 °C followed by subsequent cooling to ambient temperature. This film disintegrates into individual microparticles upon heating to 60 °C. Based on this technology the design of stable macroscopic release systems can be envisioned, which can be easily fixed at the site of treatment (i.e. by suturing) and disintegrate on demand to microparticles facilitating the drug release. In summary, the results of this thesis could confirm the central hypothesis that the variation of the geometry of polymeric micro-objects is a suitable parameter to adjust their shape-memory performance by changing the degree of macromolecular chain orientation in the specimens or by enabling new functions like on demand disintegration. These fundamental findings might be relevant for designing novel miniaturized multifunctional polymer-based devices.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zastrow2018, author = {Zastrow, Julie-Enni}, title = {Die Rolle des Ministerkomitees bei der Umsetzung der Urteile des Europ{\"a}ischen Gerichtshofs f{\"u}r Menschenrechte}, series = {Schriften zum V{\"o}lkerrecht ; 229}, journal = {Schriften zum V{\"o}lkerrecht ; 229}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-428-15435-7}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {193}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wolf2018, author = {Wolf, Anne-Katrin}, title = {Aktivlegitimation im UN-Individualbeschwerdeverfahren}, series = {Jus internationale et Europaeum ; Band 144}, journal = {Jus internationale et Europaeum ; Band 144}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-156408-6}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVI, 436}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Anne-Katrin Wolf besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Aktivlegitimation im Individualbeschwerdeverfahren der UN-Menschenrechtskonventionen. Sie gibt einerseits eine leitfadenartige {\"U}bersicht zum Zul{\"a}ssigkeitskriterium der Aktivlegitimation. Andererseits zeigt sie, dass die Auslegungspraxis der UN-Aussch{\"u}sse zu dessen Voraussetzungen derzeit an einigen Stellen zu eng gefasst ist, um einen effektiven Menschenrechtsschutz zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Kategorisierung der UN-Menschenrechtskonventionen anhand der jeweiligen Regelungsmaterie und die daran ankn{\"u}pfende, unterschiedlich weit reichenden Beschwerdem{\"o}glichkeiten von Individuen und Kollektiven wie Verb{\"a}nden oder Nichtregierungsorganisationen. Sofern eine Ausgestaltung durch die Aussch{\"u}sse selbst noch nicht erfolgt ist oder die Autorin bisher angewendeten Kriterien als defizit{\"a}r bewertet, entwickelt sie Vorschl{\"a}ge zu einer m{\"o}glichen Ausformung des Kriteriums der Aktivlegitimation in der Zusammenschau mit dem jeweiligen Schutzgehalt der Konvention.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Winter2018, author = {Winter, Alix}, title = {Protektionismus und Freihandel}, series = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam ; 7}, journal = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam ; 7}, publisher = {V\&R unipress}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8471-0769-9}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {364}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ab 1806 versuchte Napoleon {\"u}ber sieben Jahre hinweg, den europ{\"a}ischen Kontinent gegen jegliche Importe aus Großbritannien abzuschotten. Dieses protektionistische Großexperiment l{\"o}ste in der zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Presse intensive Debatten zu wirtschaftstheoretischen Fragen aus: F{\"o}rdert {\"o}konomischer Isolationismus den nationalen Wohlstand? K{\"o}nnen internationale Rechtsregelungen einem Handelskrieg entgegenwirken? Oder werden nationaler Wohlstand und damit globaler Frieden nicht eher durch allgemeinen Freihandel beg{\"u}nstigt? Alix Winter stellt das wirtschaftspolitische Ereignis der Kontinentalsperre als Kristallisationspunkt {\"o}ffentlicher Auseinandersetzungen {\"u}ber {\"o}konomische Grundsatzfragen heraus und identifiziert das fr{\"u}he 19. Jahrhundert als Radikalisierungsphase aufkl{\"a}rerischer liberaler Wirtschaftstheorien.In 1806, Napoleon attempted to seal off the entire European continent from British imports. This ambitious protectionist experiment set off extensive debates about questions of economic theory. Did economic isolation foster the wealth of nations? Could international law prevent the outbreak of a maritime trade war? Or would global free trade promote wealth and peace among all nations? In this book, Alix Winter studies how the continental system served as a focal point for public discussions about fundamental economical questions and how the early nineteenth century witnessed the radicalisation of Enlightenment liberal economic theories.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Winkler2018, author = {Winkler, Katrin}, title = {Demokratische Praxis und Pragmatismus}, series = {B{\"u}rgergesellschaft und Demokratie}, volume = {2018}, journal = {B{\"u}rgergesellschaft und Demokratie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-20667-3}, pages = {XIII, 405}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Dass sich die repr{\"a}sentative Demokratie in Deutschland im Wandel befindet, ist nicht neu und kaum umstritten. Herausforderungen im Kontext der Partizipation und Repr{\"a}sentation rufen ihrerseits Probleme auf Seiten der Input-Legitimation hervor. Demgem{\"a}ß ist das grundlegende demokratiepolitische Anliegen dieser Arbeit, am Beispiel der Bundes- und Berliner Landesebene darzustellen, wie der repr{\"a}sentative Politikprozess partizipativer und dennoch effektiv gestaltet werden kann. Basierend auf der philosophischen Str{\"o}mung des Pragmatismus verfolgt und diskutiert die Arbeit die Synthese aus der pragmatistischen Demokratiekonzeption von Archon Fung und dem empirischen Forschungsprogramm der kriterienbasierten Evaluation demokratischer Innovationen. Dabei wird das analytische Vorgehen Archon Fungs kritisch erweitert, um dem dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Konzept einer komplexen B{\"u}rgergesellschaft - als normativer und praktischer Bezugspunkt - gerecht zu werden. Fungs Konzept wird demnach um die liberale Sph{\"a}re der {\"O}ffentlichkeit, mithin um die zivilgesellschaftlichen Handlungszusammenh{\"a}nge erg{\"a}nzt. Auf Grundlage der Diskussion von demokratischen Innovationen werden schließlich demokratie- und engagementpolitische Handlungsempfehlungen in der Dimension der Partizipation und in der Dimension der Repr{\"a}sentation formuliert. Mithin verfolgt die Arbeit eine problem- und l{\"o}sungsorientierte Erg{\"a}nzung der repr{\"a}sentativen Demokratie. Gleichwohl ist die Arbeit als eine pragmatistisch angeleitete Konzeptstudie f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer beteiligungsorientierten Praxis in der repr{\"a}sentativen Demokratie zu verstehen, die trotz ihres theoretischen Charakters ganz im Sinne des Pragmatismus die notwendige empirische Orientierung aufweist. Damit wird das zuweilen problematische Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Politischer Theorie und empirischer Demokratieforschung {\"u}berwunden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Willner2018, author = {Willner, Sven N.}, title = {Global economic response to flood damages under climate change}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 247}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Climate change affects societies across the globe in various ways. In addition to gradual changes in temperature and other climatic variables, global warming is likely to increase intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Beyond biophysical impacts, these also directly affect societal and economic activity. Additionally, indirect effects can occur; spatially, economic losses can spread along global supply-chains; temporally, climate impacts can change the economic development trajectory of countries. This thesis first examines how climate change alters river flood risk and its local socio-economic implications. Then, it studies the global economic response to river floods in particular, and to climate change in general. Changes in high-end river flood risk are calculated for the next three decades on a global scale with high spatial resolution. In order to account for uncertainties, this assessment makes use of an ensemble of climate and hydrological models as well as a river routing model, that is found to perform well regarding peak river discharge. The results show an increase in high-end flood risk in many parts of the world, which require profound adaptation efforts. This pressure to adapt is measured as the enhancement in protection level necessary to stay at historical high-end risk. In developing countries as well as in industrialized regions, a high pressure to adapt is observed - the former to increase low protection levels, the latter to maintain the low risk levels perceived in the past. Further in this thesis, the global agent-based dynamic supply-chain model acclimate is developed. It models the cascading of indirect losses in the global supply network. As an anomaly model its agents - firms and consumers - maximize their profit locally to respond optimally to local perturbations. Incorporating quantities as well as prices on a daily basis, it is suitable to dynamically resolve the impacts of unanticipated climate extremes. The model is further complemented by a static measure, which captures the inter-dependencies between sectors across regions that are only connected indirectly. These higher-order dependencies are shown to be important for a comprehensive assessment of loss-propagation and overall costs of local disasters. In order to study the economic response to river floods, the acclimate model is driven by flood simulations. Within the next two decades, the increase in direct losses can only partially be compensated by market adjustments, and total losses are projected to increase by 17\% without further adaptation efforts. The US and the EU are both shown to receive indirect losses from China, which is strongly affected directly. However, recent trends in the trade relations leave the EU in a better position to compensate for these losses. Finally, this thesis takes a broader perspective when determining the investment response to the climate change damages employing the integrated assessment model DICE. On an optimal economic development path, the increase in damages is anticipated as emissions and consequently temperatures increase. This leads to a significant devaluation of investment returns and the income losses from climate damages almost double. Overall, the results highlight the need to adapt to extreme weather events - local physical adaptation measures have to be combined with regional and global policy measures to prepare the global supply-chain network to climate change.}, language = {en} }